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The Process of Transition from a Single-Party System to a Multi-Party System in Uzbekistan

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The Process of Transition from a Single-Party System to a Multi-Party System in Uzbekistan International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 2152-2159 The Process Of Transition From A Single-Party System To A Multi-Party System In Uzbekistan Rasulova Nodira Sardarovna, PhD in historical sciences, associate professor Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan Abstract The article analyzes the process of transition from a single-party system to a multi-party system in Uzbekistan, the formation of socio-political movements and political parties on the basis of scientific literature and various approaches. It also analyzes the processes, goals and objectives, the activities of public associations (“Intersoyuz”, “Democratic Movement of Uzbekistan”, “Tomaris”), political parties (Democratic Party "Erk" and the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) and political movements (Birlik People's Movement) created in the last years of the twentieth century to represent the interests of various social groups, as well as the dissolution of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan and the formation of a new political party. Keywords: political party, single-party system, multiparty system, public associations, political organizations, congresses, press body, party charter and program, СPSU (Communist Party of Soviet Union ), laws. Actuality. The process of forming political parties in Uzbekistan, the first steps to represent and protect the interests of wide social groups, practical measures to develop their own program guides, practical activities aimed at reaching the public in order to achieve ideological and organizational goals of practical measures to develop guidelines for their programs, and also problems and contradictions arising in these processes require comprehensive study and analysis. The famous French political scientist M. Duvergе wrote in his book Political Parties: “Only if a multi-party system is created in the political system can the state represent the interests of the people, ensure the supremacy of national interests, the interests of classes and social groups and form a solid foundation for stability in society” [1.29]. One of the urgent tasks is to analyze the transition from a single-party system to a multi-party system on the eve of independence, the formation of new parties and movements in the country based on historical sources. 2. Methods and level of study. The article analyzes the process of transition from single-party system to multi-party system in Uzbekistan through research methods such as historical-chronological, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, historical, logical, comparative analysis. The main sources in the study of the subject are the programs and charters of political parties, the press (magazines and newspapers), speeches and work of party leaders; legal and regulatory documents, as well as scientific literature published in the country and abroad. In particular, the scientific research of M.M.Duverge, V.M.Pribylovsky, L.Levitin, A.Abdunabiev, M.Kirgizbaev, R.Zhumaev, S.M.Adilhodzhaeva, Z.M.Islamov, S.S.Kurbanova were used in the coverage and analysis of the chosen topic. 3. Research results. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the majority of republics, without commenting on the issue of leaving the USSR, began to put forward demands for the need to exercise the right to self-determination, the right to national sovereignty and the need to review the political, economic, military and foreign policy aspects of the Center in the Union State, which are consistent with generally accepted norms of international law. But the leadership of the Central Committee of the CPSU did not want to reckon with the aspirations of the political leadership of the peoples and allied republics for sovereignty. In the USSR, an attempt by the Communist Party to "represent the interests of the whole people" and its monopolization of political power under the guise of a "People's Party" had serious consequences. In the second half of the 1980s, problems arose that accumulated over the years in the political and socio-economic spheres, which led to an irreversible logical sequence of events and caused the collapse 2152 ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 2152-2159 of the vast empire called the Soviet Union, a crisis of the single-party system. M. Duverge, a French political scientist who deeply studied the process, was right when he later said: “A single-party regime is nothing more than an adaptation of the entire technology of power created within the framework of democracy to the needs of dictatorship” [2,318]. The dominance of a single party in a country is largely a characteristic of a totalitarian society. The establishment of a single-party rule in society will ultimately lead to disastrous consequences and, above all, to the derailment, the absurdity of democracy, the total separation of the people from the government and the government from the people as a whole [3, 53]. It is known that the single-party system does not meet the interests of society as a whole, violates the rights of certain segments of the population [4,45]. This system is characterized by the desire to maintain state power, and not the interests of the people and different segments of the population. According to Professor AA Azizkhodjaev, in a single-party system, the concept of "party" loses its meaning. Because it will remain the only and dominant political organization [5,199]. At the same time, even in societies where democratic rules are not enforced in practice, they remain part of the dominant political organization, even if there is multi-party system. The policy of perestroika led to some positive changes in deepening the democratic process, expanding the rights and freedoms of citizens in the country. Public associations, including parties and movements, began to form to represent the interests of various social groups. Throughout the territory of the former Soviet Union, the number of socio-political associations and organizations rose sharply and by the end of 1990 exceeded 300 [6,77]. According to R. Jumaev, the intense activity in the socio-political diagram during the former CPSU crisis led to an increase in the number of parties and movements. Firstly, the protection of the interests of society or even a large social group has become and the population has attracted their attention. Secondly, these parties and movements, their individual leaders, had their own strategic direction and tactics [7,35-36]. In 1988-1990, objective conditions were created for the birth of new political parties in order to overcome the privileged monopoly position of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan in society, as a result of a sharp decline in living standards and a growing public awareness of the crisis of the Soviet totalitarian regime, informal political public organizations began to arise. In 1989-1991, the public of the republic became more active. It was during these years that the socio- political reality in Uzbekistan, the sharp increase in the national identity of people increased the social activity of members of society. Uzbek intellectuals (scientists, poets, writers, artists, journalists) and students were at the forefront of the struggle for independence. This period is also interpreted as the period of the return of members of society from spiritual maturity to national and traditional foundations [8,443]. Political groups and movements in Uzbekistan began to form mainly in the second half of 1988. Then they formed their own movements and associations under various slogans and entered the political process under the “flag” of socio-economic problems accumulated over the years. Examples of socio- political associations that emerged on the threshold of 1988-1990 include: political organizations such as Birlik, Democratic Movement of Uzbekistan, Intersoyuz, Erk, Tomaris, Free Youth of Uzbekistan, local movements such as Saikal Democratic Movement of Creative Intellectuals, Sovereign Karakalpakstan Movement, Oftobi Sogdiyona, Surkash, FAN and etc. In the 1980s and early 1990s, for the first time in 70 years, the emergence of a multi-party system in Uzbek society was an important event. On November 11, 1988, the Birlik people's movement was founded. On May 28, 1989, the founding congress of the Birlik people's movement was held [9]. In March, the first issue of the “Erkin Suz” newspaper appeared. In May 1989, the then political leadership of Uzbekistan approved the program documents of the Birlik popular movement, which were published in the “Yosh Leninchi” newspaper (now Turkiston). In June 1990, the Birlik party was formed on the basis of the movement. It was headed by scientist Abdurahim Pulatov [10,451-452]. This movement began to publish a bulletin of the People's Movement of Uzbekistan "Birlik" under the slogan "El netib topgay menikim, men ozim topsam" (How can people find me if I don’t find myself) [6,70]. The main goal of the Birlik movement was to awaken the Uzbeks and other peoples living in Uzbekistan from social sleep by educating them in socio-political consciousness, to involve the population in the protection of nature, spiritual and material values of Uzbekistan, and finally to rebuild Soviet society. 2153 ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSC International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 2152-2159 Political scientist V. Pribylovsky in his article in 1989 said that Birlik was one of the most popular national movements in the country, and although it did not have a permanent membership, official figures state that the number of Birlik supporters was 400,000 [11]. According to the Birlik People’s Movement of Uzbekistan, as of October 1989, the number of people who consider themselves members of the Birlik movement exceeded half a million. Birlik activists believed that the number of members would increase dramatically if the Movement Program were announced and officially recognized [12,1].
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