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State Veterinary Diagnosticin Alabama Laboratories
r. Redding S. Sugg, former 1995 a third branch laboratory opened state veterinarian and dean kBy in Hanceville to meet the needs of of the Auburn College of livestock and poultry producers in Veterinary Medicine Dr. Fred Hoerr northern Alabama. (AUCVM), and Dr. Dr. Frederic J. Hoerr became the Charles Roberts are credited with the laboratory’s third director in 1987 and Ddevelopment of the Auburn diagnostic serves to this day. In the 1990s, a laboratory in 1947. Veterinarians were Medicine complex south of the main partnership of veterinarians and asking the school for diagnostic campus. Dr. Frank E. Mitchell became livestock and poultry producers secured assistance, and Dean Sugg needed a the second director of the laboratory, funding through the Agricultural Bond coordinator of laboratory testing and serving until 1987. With his leadership Issue to construct the Thompson Bishop and the support of the state veterinarian, reporting. The program became Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. J. Lee Alley, the staff increased from associated with the hog cholera and which opened on May 9, 2006. This brucellosis laboratories at the school, six to thirty employees to meet the new laboratory, located on the AUCVM with growing involvement by the growing demand for services from campus, has biosafety level II and III Alabama Livestock and Sanitation veterinarians and the livestock and facilities designed to meet the global Board and the Department of poultry producers of Alabama. Although Agriculture and Industries. The a formal contractual relationship existed challenges of emerging animal and laboratory expanded into the old serum between the Department of Agriculture zoonotic diseases. The Department of plant near Cary Hall. Dr. Roberts and AUCVM, a spirit of cooperation Agriculture and Industries, under the continued in a leadership role with the and interaction by faculty and diagnostic leadership of Commissioner Ron state diagnostic laboratory for thirty laboratory veterinarians yielded Sparks, opened a new diagnostic years. As director of the laboratory and advances in animal and poultry disease laboratory in Elba in 2006. The professor of Pathology and Parasitology, diagnosis and surveillance. Albertville laboratory was moved to he held a joint appointment with the The new laboratory in Auburn Boaz in 1983, and is scheduled for AUCVM. His retirement coincided with significantly expanded the role and the replacement by a new facility in 2007. the transition of the dean’s chair from expectations of the diagnostic In addition to the directors, Dr. James Greene to Dr. J. T. Vaughan laboratories in Alabama. This full veterinary diagnosticians who have and the opening of a new state facility, service laboratory and its support of the worked at the Auburn Laboratory the Charles S. Roberts Veterinary branch laboratories provided Alabama include: Drs. George D’Andrea, Susan Diagnostic Laboratory in 1978. for the first time with comprehensive Lockaby, Leland Nuehring, Sara Rowe, To serve the growing poultry services for agriculture, companion Doris Oliveira, Lloyd Lauerman, Jack industry in North Alabama, the animals, and animal-related public Rhyan, Robert Porter, Price Stone, and Department of Agriculture and health. The Auburn laboratory provided Robert Matthews. United States Industries opened a poultry diagnostic in-depth diagnostic testing and became Department of Agriculture (USDA) the reference laboratory for the branch laboratory in Albertville in 1957. In veterinarians have included Drs. J. Lee laboratories. As agriculture in Alabama 1961 a swine diagnostic laboratory was Alley, Curtis Christenberry, Don established in Elba. has changed, the diagnostic laboratories Cheatham, O. W. Hester, Ken Angel, In 1978 the department built a new have adapted to meet the needs. At the and others associated with federal-state laboratory at Auburn University near the swine laboratory in Elba, more than 90 cooperative programs. L relatively new College of Veterinary percent of the cases are now poultry. In
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Veterinary Technician’s
TrainingA Historical Programs Summary
he first veterinary k one mile from the campus. technology program in By The Veterinary Technology Program Alabama originated in 1975 was initially on the quarter system, with at Snead State Community Dr. Glenn F. Sexton six quarters on campus and a one College (then a junior quarter preceptorship at a veterinary college), in Boaz, Alabama, and was practice facility. In the fall of 1998, all initiallyT accredited by the American junior and community colleges in Veterinary Medical Association veterinary practice. In the fall of 1984, Alabama converted to the semester (AVMA) in 1979. The program at Sneed the program moved into a new facility system. The VTP then consisted of four State had two directors during its on campus which consisted of semesters on campus and a one semester existence: Dr. Mike Creel for the first classrooms, laboratories, nursing, and preceptorship at a veterinary practice ten years and Dr. Glenn Sexton for the surgical areas. Small animals were facility. last twenty years. The program was the housed at this facility for training The major objective of the only accredited veterinary technology purposes. In the fall of 1986, the Veterinary Technology Program was to program offered in the state of Alabama. Department of Veterinary Technology provide a complete training and Some of the instructors during that time secured a lease agreement with a farm educational program for veterinary included these Licensed Veterinary located approximately six miles from technology students according to AVMA Technicians: Kenneth Munn, Diane the college where large animals (horses, guidelines. It was the purpose of the Rooke, Dedra Wilson, Debbie Whitten, cows, pigs, sheep, and goats) were program to educate and train individuals Tammie Adams, Mikky Campbell, housed for training purposes and where capable of providing the necessary Tammy Robinson, and Guyanne Harris. clinics were conducted on a regular and technical support for veterinarians in all For the first nine years, the continuing basis by the veterinary fields of veterinary medicine, including Veterinary Technology Program (VTP) technology faculty and staff. This private practice (large, small, and was housed in the basement of the agreement continued until the fall of mixed), research, teaching, and men’s dormitory. Large animal training 2002 when a new farm lease agreement regulatory medicine. consisted of clinic rotations with a local was made at a location approximately Secondary objectives included
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providing continuing education for student on an annual basis. This board. At the 2005 summer meeting of graduates, educating veterinarians in the scholarship continued as long as the the ALVMA, the Alabama State Board use of veterinary technicians, providing AAVP was in existence. of Veterinary Medical Examiners voted information to technicians and In June 2005 Jefferson State to allow graduates of the Jefferson State veterinarians concerning employment Community College began structuring a Distance Education Program to sit for opportunities, and fostering public distance education program in the examination. Upon passing the exam relations for both the veterinary veterinary technology, with Michelle these graduates are licensed. A big technician and veterinary professions. (Mikky) Campbell, LVT, as the interim round of thanks should go to the board The Veterinary Technology Program director and Dr. Glenn Sexton as a for their vision and support of the at Snead State maintained full consultant. In August 2005 the first veterinary technology profession and accreditation by the AVMA during its class began with fifty-two students, and program in this state. The initial entire existence. Upon successful Kristi Rodas, LVT, was hired as an accreditation site visit by the Committee completion of the prescribed course of instructor for the program. In May 2006 on Veterinary Technician Education and study (a two year curriculum), students Dr. Christie Wallace was hired as the Activities (CVTEA) of the AVMA is are awarded the Associate Degree in director. scheduled for March 14-16, 2007. Applied Science (A.A.S.) and are There are two parts to the distance According to the Alabama State eligible for licensure by the Alabama education program. One is the Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners, State Board of Veterinary Medical computerized didactic part through Web the first act incorporating the tasks and Examiners as Licensed Veterinary CT, in which students take classes, duties of “Registered Animal Technicians (LVTs). The board complete course work, and take on-line Technicians” into the Alabama constructed their own examination for examinations. The midterm and final Veterinary Practice Act was act No.1224 licensing veterinary technicians from exams are taken and proctored at a Regular Session 1975. Then in 1986, by 1975 to 1984. Then the Professional college site near the student’s home Act No. 86-500, the section was revised Examination Service (PES) became the base. The exams are then mailed back to to “Licensed Veterinary Technicians” provider of the Veterinary and the first detailed Technician National Exam version of essential (VTNE) until 2005, when the tasks required by the American Association of AVMA were Veterinary State Boards took included. There are over the exam responsibilities. currently 207 active After thirty years, the veterinary technicians Veterinary Technology Program in Alabama, with 16 at Snead State closed in the maintaining inactive spring of 2005 with the last and licenses. The first largest class of twenty-nine veterinary technician graduates. Throughout its license was issued to existence the VTP was Janet Blackstock on supported by the Alabama December 13, 1976. Veterinary Medical Association She was a 1976 (ALVMA). In the early years, graduate of Abraham the ALVMA assisted with Baldwin College in expenses by allowing some of its space the instructor for grading. The second Georgia. The first license issued to a and speakers at the summer meetings to part is the clinical portion, in which Snead State graduate was to Phyllis Zoe be used by the Alabama Veterinary students are required to work in a Abston on July 11, 1977. Since then Technician Association for continuing veterinary clinic for at least twenty there have been 516 licenses issued. education. The ALVMA also established hours per week, in order to gain clinical License # 516 was issued on May 16, two scholarships awarded annually; one experience and complete clinical tasks. 2006. to a first-year student and one to a The tasks are video taped and evaluated The veterinary technology second-year student. The establishment by a clinical supervisor, either an LVT profession has made monumental strides of a Veterinary Technician Liaison or a veterinarian. The video tapes are in the last thirty years, both nationally Committee by the ALVMA further then mailed with the evaluation forms to and in Alabama. There are now more strengthened the communication the Veterinary Technology Program for than one hundred programs nationwide. between the ALVMA, the VTP, and final review and evaluation. Veterinary technicians are an important practicing veterinary technicians. To qualify to sit for the state board link in providing the advanced health The Alabama Academy of Veterinary examinations in Alabama, students must care the veterinary profession gives to Practice (AAVP) also established a be graduates of an AVMA accredited its patients. L scholarship awarded to a second-year program or a program approved by the
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to the AuxiliaryAlabama Veterinary Medical Association
he Auxiliary to the Alabama School of Veterinary Medicine) also Veterinary Medical kBy have been established. The monetary Association held its amount has increased through the years, organizational meeting on Eleanor Alley, Shirley Bartels, and all of these awards continue today. February 25, 1949, at the The auxiliary has added other Lyons hotel in Decatur, Alabama. The Jessica Hayes awards and recognitions through the presidentT of the National Women’s years, rewarding individuals who have Auxiliary to the American Veterinary performed exceptional work in Medical Association attended. Eleven promoting the profession throughout the Alabama veterinarian’s wives were scholarships and awards, for the state. Members who have worked present at this meeting, asking to be national Student Loan Fund, for effectively with the auxiliary projects recognized by the national organization. donations of veterinary textbooks to and outstanding members of the student Recognition became official in 1950. Alabama libraries, for state science fair chapters of the AVMAAuxiliary are The Alabama Veterinary Medical and 4-H club projects, for the recognized annually with awards. Association (ALVMA) Auxiliary has Congressional Fellowship Program, and The annual meeting of the auxiliary been active for 57 years and now for promotion of National Pet Week. has normally been held in conjunction includes active, affiliate and support Some of these fund-raising activities with the association’s annual meeting. memberships. Auxiliary members have have included raffles for jewelry, sales In addition to the usual business, been faithful in recognizing and of cookbooks, tee-shirts (for many fundraising, recognitions and carrying out the objectives of the years), and mulligans for the association presentation of awards, each annual organization: golf event at the annual meeting. meeting includes excellent social (1) To assist the ALVMA in advancing The first assistance to a veterinary activities. Those attending through the the science and art of veterinary student was in 1950 when twenty years have participated in tours, lectures medicine, including its relationship dollars was sent to Dean Sugg to be and craft or other demonstrations. to public health and agriculture. given to a needy veterinary student at Entertainment in the past has included (2) To assist selected veterinary Alabama Polytechnic Institute, now music, comedy, dances, teas, etc. students with loans and awards. Auburn University. This award has The ALVMA Auxiliary will continue (3) To strengthen communications continued annually, and in 1958 was to work with the association to promote among those associated with the named the R.S. Sugg Memorial Award. the profession. The auxiliary views veterinary profession. At that time an I.S. McAdory Award veterinary medicine to be a very caring The state auxiliary has engaged in was also established. The T.S. Williams profession and believes that its support numerous activities through the years to Honorary Award and the Tuskegee is worth the work. L raise funds for veterinary student Dean’s Award, (Tuskegee University
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Constituent
of theAssociations Alabama Veterinary Medical Association
LAUDERDALE Colbert-Lauderdale County VMA MADISON JACKSON (Florence) kLIMESTONE Madison County VMA
COLBERT (Huntsville)
MORGAN LAWRENCE FRANKLIN Sand Mountain VMA MARSHALL DEKALB (Guntersville) North Alabama VMA MARION WINSTON (Cullman) CULLMAN CHEROKEE ETOWAH BLOUNT WALKER ST. CLAIR Calhoun County VMA JEFFERSON Jefferson County VMA LAMAR FAYETTE CALHOUN (Anniston) CLEBURNE (Birmingham) PICKENS TALLADEGA TUSCALOOSA SHELBY CLAY RANDOLPH Mid State VMA (North Shelby County) Tuscaloosa County VMA GREENE TALLAPOOSA CHAMBERS (Tuscaloosa) COOSA BIBB East Alabama VMA CHILTON HALE (Auburn/Opelika) PERRY
ELMORE LEE SUMTER AUTAUGA Tuskegee VMA West Alabama VMA MARENGO (Tuskegee) (Selma) MONTGOMERY MACON DALLAS RUSSELL CHOCTAW Central Alabama VMA LOWNDES BULLOCK (Montgomery) WILCOX BUTLER BARBOUR PIKE
WASHINGTON CLARKE CRENSHAW MONROE COFFEE Southeast Alabama VMA HENRY DALE (Enterprise) CONECUH
COVINGTON ESCAMBIA GENEVA HOUSTON Greater Dothan VMA (Dothan) Mobile VMA South Central VMA (Mobile) MOBILE BALDWIN (Brewton) Gulf Coast VMA (Robertsdale)
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Auburn University College of VeterinaryHistory Medicine k he College of Veterinary infected cattle and require compulsory Medicine at Auburn By pasteurization of milk products. Also of University and the Alabama note at the time was the discovery of the Veterinary Medical Dr. Tom Vaughan ’55, piroplasm causing Texas tick fever and Association both stand as its mode of transmission. In so doing, shining tributes to the vision and Dean Emeritus Frederick Kilboune and Cooper Curtice, unstintingT efforts of a handful of souls working under Theobald Smith in the who, before the turn of the nineteenth College of Veterinary laboratories of the BAI, demonstrated century, saw the need and the for the first time the role of insect opportunity to establish and legitimize Medicine, Auburn University vectors of both human and animal the veterinary profession in the southern contagion, opening the door to United States. elucidation of the causes of malaria, History records that rapid advances yellow fever, plague, typhus, and in science and industry are often borne innumerable other arthropod-borne on the wings of war. It is noteworthy momentous revelation, discovery of the diseases. that the Civil War coincided with the true etiology of these infections Two other events occurring in the proof of the Germ Theory in the followed in rapid-fire order. About the same time frame (1860-1890) were laboratories of Louis Pasteur (1860), time that Charles A. Cary was seminal in the birth of veterinary making the beginnings of modern graduating in veterinary medicine at medical education in Alabama. In 1862, medicine and ushering in the Golden Iowa State University (1887), Robert a year after Lincoln was elected Age of bacteriology. Wound infections Koch had identified the cause of president, Congress passed the and contagious plagues had been the tuberculosis and incorporated the Homestead Act, the Morrill Land-Grant béte noire of civilization from the findings of Theobald Smith of the U.S. College Act, and the act establishing the beginnings of time. Following Pasteur’s Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) to test United States Department of
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Agriculture, all aimed at assisting the coincided with the administration of hand acquaintance with the work of family farmer. The Morrill Act, in William Leroy Broun, president of the Pasteur and Koch was that Alabama was particular, provided for agricultural and Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical one of the first states in the nation to mechanical colleges throughout the College. institute the use of tuberculin for country. The Methodist Church had a Up until the turn of the century, detection of tuberculosis in cattle and well-established college in Auburn with Germany and France had been the application of public meat and milk no funds to operate it. So in 1872, the fountainheads of medical and inspection and the pasteurization East Alabama Male College, under the comparative (veterinary) medical process. This was the finest example of administration at that time of Dr. B. B. knowledge. It was into this exciting the practice of one medicine. Applying Ross, chairman of the faculty board and period of discovery in 1891 that Broun the findings of Kilborne and Curtice, with the support of the governor of and Cary, a University of Missouri Cary tackled the South’s problem with Alabama, made a successful bid for graduate student of Dr. Paul Paguin’s — tick fever which had effectively Alabama’s land grant college, himself a student of Louis Pasteur — paralyzed the cattle industry. But to transferring ownership of the church had a chance meeting on a train. execute these multiple responsibilities, college to the state of Alabama. The President Broun, intent on emphasizing there needed to be a formal structure to second Morrill Land-Grant College Act the sciences at Auburn, recognized the use as a base of operations. So, in in 1890 provided annual appropriations potential in Cary and persuaded him to response to his fifteen years of efforts to each state to support its land-grant join the faculty at Auburn as professor statewide, as well as a number of college. It also provided funding for of veterinary science and physiology in national offices and with the support of publicly supported black institutions the Agricultural Experiment Station. The then-President Charles C. Thach, Cary (including Tuskegee Institute) which rest, as they say, is history. succeeded in establishing the College of became known as the Colleges of 1890. In satisfaction of his agreement with Veterinary Medicine — the first in the The second major event occurred in President Broun, Cary pursued his entire southern United States below 40 1887 with the passage of the Hatch Act graduate studies further in the degrees north latitude, with the which provided for a yearly grant to laboratories of Robert Koch in exception of Kansas and Colorado. each state for the support of an Germany, returning to Auburn in 1893. (Auburn is tied with Colorado for agricultural experiment station. This An immediate benefit of Cary’s first- seventh oldest in the United States.)
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Cary was, of course, appointed its first botany, and physics. twenty-three graduates in 1916. World dean. Requirements for admission were: War I intervened and the student In the same year, with the urging of 18 years of age, of good moral population experienced a sharp decline President Thach, the Alabama character, and passage of a satisfactory which extended through the next Legislature made Cary the state examination on: (1) geography and decade. This could be attributed to veterinarian. Before the year’s end, history of the United States, (2) English several factors incident to the war. An together with eleven Alabama (grammar and composition), (3) reading infestation of boll weevils from Mexico veterinarians who were graduates of (an extensive booklist of the classics of swept across the South early in the approved veterinary colleges, Cary literature), and (4) mathematics (through twentieth century; a virtual embargo organized the Alabama Veterinary algebra and geometry). Transfer was imposed on southern cattle due to Medical Association with the purpose of students had to supply certificates of tick fever; a large segment of available establishing standards of labor moved north to work professional ethics, in factories; and the reliance education, public health, on the horse and mule for and licensure. This greatly draft and transportation was increased public being replaced by the use of recognition of accredited steam- and gasoline-powered graduates of professional internal combustion engines. colleges and sharpened the A farmer’s depression in the distinction between the South hit in the 1920s before practice of veterinary the Great Depression medicine by licensed enveloped the country. It was graduates and the all-too- 1932 before student numbers common laymen and regained their pre-war farriers on whom the strength, and then of course public had had to rely. the Great Depression had to Cary served as the be dealt with. association’s secretary- In less than another treasurer for twenty-eight decade, World War II years until his death in arrived. At the cessation of 1935. hostilities in 1945, veterans Covering all bases returning to school under the during that inaugural year, Cary also honorable discharge from previous GI Bill accounted for a sharp rebound in organized a student veterinary medical colleges. It is interesting that, although numbers with students matriculating association. His recognition of the Cary reinforced Broun’s desire to from as far away as New England. By importance of organized veterinary emphasize science, he also retained the time the Southern Regional medicine and his unflagging support at significant elements of the old liberal Education Board was established in the national as well as the regional arts curricula. Cary himself was 1948 (which incidentally was the levels earned him the presidency of the multilingual and continued to follow the brainchild of Dean Redding Sugg, 1940- American Veterinary Medical professional literature in German and 1958), Auburn was providing contract Association in 1920. perhaps French. The three-year course spaces for students from a nine-state The original veterinary department leading to the DVM degree consisted of area of the Southeast, and at one time boasted a three-story building with three terms per year that covered an boasted an annual enrollment of nearly independent gas, water, and sewer impressive array of subject matter five hundred students. system. It included classrooms, ranging from physics, chemistry, botany, Proceeding apace with the growth of museums, and laboratories for pharmacy, and livestock management to the young school during these uncertain physiology, bacteriology, pathology, and all the basic and clinical sciences taught times were aggressive programs to photography. Separate facilities in a modern curriculum today. In eradicate tick fever, tuberculosis, hog provided housing for laboratory addition, a thesis was required in all cholera, and rabies. These consumed the animals, anatomical studies, and a three terms of the last year. Suffice it to energies and perennially outstripped the hospital for livestock. Paddocks and say the graduate was deserving of a resources of the college, the state sheds had sufficient capacity for 125 professional degree. association, and the office of the state cattle or other large animals as well as Nineteen students were registered in veterinarian. However, they persevered, isolation quarters for contagious 1907, increasing to fifty-one by 1909 at and by 1935 the BAI and USDA diseases. The department had close which time five qualified for their certified that tuberculosis in Alabama relationships with the departments of degrees. These numbers continued to cattle had been reduced to less than 0.05 animal husbandry, pharmacy, chemistry, rise to seventy-four registrants and percent; tick fever was under control
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and all but eradicated; a program of distinction until his retirement in 1977. bicentennial, the college and the brucellosis eradication had begun the year He was succeeded in turn by John profession of veterinary medicine stand before; and programs of rabies vaccination Thomas Vaughan ’55, who served until at the forefront of the ranks of one in dogs and of hog cholera prevention his retirement in 1995. The current medicine. were in progress. dean, Timothy R. Boosinger (Purdue For a profession that had languished It was also during these years that two ’76), is completing his eleventh year at in the shadow of European science for of Dean Cary’s stalwart faculty emerged the College’s helm following a decade the first 350 years of its existence in the as leaders of the profession. In 1908, Isaac of impressive growth. New World, to have emerged to its Sadler McAdory graduated from It may be said that the institution’s current stature in the twentieth century McKillips Veterinary College in Chicago stability throughout periods of national is the finest tribute that can be paid to and shortly thereafter joined Cary as conflict, economic reversals, and sea these dedicated men and women who professor of anatomy and physiology. In changes in science and technology is a have gone before, and the sternest 1915, Redding Stancill Sugg graduated reflection of the fact that it has challenge that can be made to those who from A.P.I., and in 1919, after serving in experienced only six changes of carry the torch today. Perhaps Goethe the Veterinary Corps during World War I, leadership in one hundred years. Listing (1749-1832) said it best: joined the faculty at Auburn as professor the accomplishments of each of the of bacteriology. Both men were integral in administrations and of the faculties and “What you have as heritage, the development of the state’s livestock their graduates worldwide would require take now as task; industry as well as the young school to many volumes. May it suffice for the For thus you will make it your own!” which they dedicated their lives. Upon purposes of this too brief account to say L Goethe, Faust Dean Cary’s death in 1935, Dr. McAdory that, at the commencement of its was appointed dean and served from 1935 to 1940. Dean Sugg succeeded Dean McAdory and, with the exception of a three- year interruption (1942-1945) for his second period of service in the Veterinary Corps during World War II, occupied the deanship until his death in office in 1958. Graduating under Dean Cary in 1933, Dr. James Etheridge Greene joined the faculty of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery in 1937. After four years of military service in World War II, he returned as professor and head of his department until he succeeded Dean Sugg in 1958. Dean Greene served with
References Boettcher, Bobby: East Alabama Male College Began Era, The Auburn Plainsman. Wednesday, Jan. 13, 1960. Cary, C.A.: The Bulletin of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Department of Veterinary Medicine, issued quarterly by the Institute, July 1907. Curtis, Bennie Sue: Alabama A&M Featured Transition Away From Classics, Industrial Revolution Changed Curricula from Cultural to Mechanical. Wednesday, Jan. 13, 1960. Lamberth, Minnie: King Cotton, The Crop That Grew Montgomery. Montgomery Living. Vol. 11, No. 6, Montgomery, AL, August 2006. Pelikan, Jaroslav: The Vindication of Tradition, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1983. Rasumssen, W.D.: Taking the University to the People, Seventy-five Years of Cooperative Extension, Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1989. Schafer, Elisabeth Diane: Reveille of Professionalism: Alabama Veterinary Medical Association, 1907-1952. Master of Arts Graduate Thesis, The Graduate School of Auburn University, June 10, 1988. Schwabe, Calvin W.: Cattle, Priests, and Progress in Medicine. The Wesley W. Spink Lectures on Comparative Medicine, Volume 4, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1978.
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Tuskegee
CollegeUniversity of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing andHistory Allied Health
he School of Veterinary medicine. Medicine at Tuskegee kBy Dr. Patterson joined the faculty at Institute (now Tuskegee Tuskegee Institute in 1928 as the University) was established Dr. Walter C. Bowie, Dean college veterinarian. “Dr. Pat”, as he in 1944. It was the first new was affectionately known, followed in veterinary medical program to be started Emeritus the footsteps of an Ohio State inT the United States in twenty-five veterinarian who came to Tuskegee years. Tuskegee University, School of upon completion of his studies in 1910. The idea for the program at At that time there was only one Tuskegee was the brainchild of Dr. Veterinary Medicine school of veterinary medicine in the Frederick Patterson, a veterinarian and Southeast and ten in the United States. president of the institute. The Higher education was not well desegregation of public education in the supported in the South. Furthermore, state of Alabama did not take place for support for southern historically black another twenty to twenty-five years. Evans, the college veterinarian at Prairie colleges was minimal. Segregation President Patterson believed it was View A & M College in Texas. These resulted in the lack of opportunity which timely to seek opportunities for collaborators were both graduates (Dr. led to the paucity of African-American “Negros” to pursue his profession, and Patterson, 1923, and Dr. Evans, 1918) of veterinarians throughout the United especially at a historically black college the School of Veterinary Medicine at States. Few schools accepted these in the Deep South. Iowa State College (now Iowa State students; consequently, the number of In planning and developing the University). Having been a student of graduate African-American veterinarians School of Veterinary Medicine at Dr. Evans at Prairie View A & M, Dr. was low. Tuskegee Institute, Dr. Patterson sought Patterson gives credit to Dr. Evans for At the invitation of Dr. Patterson, out the advice and counsel of Dr. E. B. his decision to study veterinary who was then president of Tuskegee
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Institute, Dr. Evans took leave of levels of support for Tuskegee Institute twelve southeastern states. Because of absence in 1943 from Prairie View A & to begin graduate-level and professional the segregation of the races in that era, M to assist in planning the new training in veterinary medicine. these states contracted for the training of veterinary program. The two men President Patterson also approached the African-American students at Tuskegee. recognized early that the shift in General Education Board of the This became an important additional southern agriculture away from one- Rockefeller Foundation for funding source of financial support for the crop (cotton) farming to livestock assistance to construct facilities and fledgling program. production would Classes in the newly result in the need for formed veterinary more trained curriculum started with veterinarians. the fall term of 1945. Drs. Patterson Thirteen students and Evans initiated enrolled in the program. discussions with the The initial faculty deans of several of consisted of six the existing schools veterinarians. Dr. Evans and with the Bureau was selected as the first of Animal Industry dean of Tuskegee and the U.S. Institute’s School of Department of Veterinary Medicine. Agriculture about the No physical facilities need for such a yet existed. A veterinary program, particularly hospital facility had been one to be launched at constructed at the School a predominately of Agriculture for the black institution. Drs. college veterinarian, who Patterson and Evans had been on the staff of identified four major Tuskegee Institute since obstacles to this new 1910. Temporary undertaking: (1) the quarters for the School of funding for such a Veterinary Medicine venture would be a were set up in that thirty major barrier; (2) the year old veterinary program hospital, as well as other accreditation and available institute acceptance of these facilities. Ultimately, six graduates by the new veterinary buildings veterinary profession of concrete and steel was problematic; (3) with red brick veneer the demand for the were erected on campus. professional training Students in the institute’s of African-American veterinarians had purchase equipment for the proposed building construction program were not been ascertained; and (4) the ability School of Veterinary Medicine. Both the utilized for construction of the of Tuskegee’s School of Veterinary state of Alabama and the Rockefeller veterinary facilities, resulting in a much Medicine to recruit the appropriate Foundation agreed to provide start-up lower cost than would have otherwise number of African-American funding. occurred. veterinarians as faculty was yet to be “Regionalization” was another In the fall of 1946, Dean Evans was determined. In spite of these issues, Drs. critical element in the development of appointed as president of Prairie View A Patterson and Evans embarked upon this the school. In 1948 Tuskegee Institute & M College. Dr. T. S. Williams (KSU venture with great passion. became a charter member of the ‘35) was named dean of Tuskegee’s The charter for Tuskegee Institute Southern Regional Educational Board. School of Veterinary Medicine. As provided the mechanism for a The institute was responsible for graduation approached for the four cooperative arrangement between the improving regional service in veterinary students who had survived the many college and the state of Alabama. In medicine in the southeast. Through this growing pains of such an enormous 1942 President Patterson approached the arrangement, Tuskegee Institute’s undertaking, the Council of Education Honorable Chauncey Sparks, then School of Veterinary Medicine was of the American Veterinary Medical governor of Alabama, seeking increased officially designated to train students for Association was sent a formal request
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for an accreditation site visit. In May initiation of the International Center for Several notable program advances were 1949, following the initial site visit, the Tropical Animal Health, a program that recorded at the school during this era. council granted the school probationary reflects commitment on the part of the These include, in collaboration with accreditation. The school became fully school as well as the university to Howard University and other accredited during a subsequent site visit educational opportunities, outreach, and institutions, pioneering biomedical and has maintained full accreditation support of lesser developed countries; research on the cardiovascular system status to this date. and (3) the establishment of the Center using the equine as a model. Three new With an initial primary focus on for the Study of Human-Animal additions to the physical infrastructure teaching, the school has slowly Interdependent Relationships. also took place: (1) Patterson Hall, implemented major program activity in The veterinary school’s Center for which houses the dean’s office, an graduate education, leading to a very Computational Epidemiology, auditorium, a library, classrooms, active research program and the Doctor Bioinformatics and Risk Analysis has offices, and an audiovisual media of Philosophy degree in Integrative established a national and international center; (2) a teaching hospital, with Biosciences. Today, the school reputation. Additionally, the school classrooms, offices, a pharmacy, animal continues its mission to provide an takes pride in becoming a leader in the surgical and treatment areas, and environment that housing facilities for nurtures students and large animals; and (3) promotes a spirit of Williams-Bowie Hall, active, independent a state-of-the-art and self-directed research and learning. The school information takes pride in having technology center. a very diverse The Tuskegee faculty, staff, and University’s School of student body where Veterinary Medicine research and service has a long history of in veterinary commitment to medicine and related veterinary service. disciplines actively Limited resources occurs. have necessitated In 1995 the unique approaches School of Veterinary that partner strong Medicine combined organization with with the School of Nursing and Allied arena of biomedical information creative funding and non-traditional Health. The College of Veterinary management, as well as its recent partnerships. With its targeted strategic Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health initiative in veterinary bioethics which plan in place, the Tuskegee University promotes a “one medicine” concept, and is the arm of the university’s National School of Veterinary Medicine is well continues its record of being on the Center for Bioethics in Research and prepared for the challenges of the cutting edge of advances in science and Health Care. twenty-first century. The forceful and medicine. Between 1972 and 1990, several steady leadership of Dean E. B. Evans As testimony to an avant-garde significant program funding initiatives (ISU ‘18) has been followed by that of status, Tuskegee University’s School of came about as a result of collaborative Deans T. S. Williams (KSU ‘35) [1946- Veterinary Medicine has promoted a efforts with other minority health 1972]; Walter C. Bowie (KSU ‘47) number of program activities since its professions schools, leading to an [1972-1990]; James A. Ferguson (TUS inception, including: (1) the introduction infusion of federal support into ‘66) [1990-1995]; Alfonza Atkinson of the teaching-learning concept in Tuskegee’s School of Veterinary (TUS ‘73) [1996-2004]; and the current veterinary medicine as the core of its Medicine. This period has been referred Dean Tsegaye Habtemariam (CSU ‘70) Learning Resource Center; (2) the to the “Bowie administrative era.” [2006 – present] L
References Adams, W., The Legacy: A History of the Tuskegee University School of Veterinary Medicine. Media Center Press, 1995 Williams, T.S., The Development of a Black Professional School: the School of Veterinary Medicine as a Sociological System. A Historical Study, 1940-1970. Patterson, F. D., Chronicles of Faith, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1991. Williams, R.C., Veterinary Medicine at Tuskegee Institute – Then and Now, The Tuskegee Veterinarian, June 1953.
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Alabama Animal HALL OF
he Alabama Animal Hall of working animals from the state of Fame (AAHOF) wasFAMEBy Alabama demonstrating extraordinary started in 2003 by a vote of k loyalty, courage, service, or intuitive the executive board of the Dr. Michael E. Newman abilities in their relations with humans. Alabama Veterinary Successful nominees will have Medical Association. It was to be a part demonstrated exceptional ability when ofT the Human Animal Bond Committee compared to similar animals in similar chaired at that time by Dr. Faith his life many times by forewarning him conditions. Documentation of those Drumheller. Dr. Drumheller was in fact of oncoming heart crises. Dakota was abilities is critical for consideration and the organizer behind the selected by the first AAHOF could include written testimony, media recommendation, the subsequent Committee, chaired by Dr. Drumheller coverage, eyewitness accounts, or adoption of the AAHOF, and the and comprised of Dr. Caroline Schaffer documentation from a sponsoring development of its charter. The initial of Tuskegee, Dr. Ann Daves of Mobile, organization. Reasons for nomination induction was held Dr. Belinda Hataway of vary from single events demonstrating at the annual Montgomery, Dr. extreme courage to lifetime convention of the Robert Gaddis of achievement. Nominations can be taken Alabama Birmingham, Dr. from veterinarians, Veterinary Medical Alvin Atlas of clients through Association Birmingham, and veterinarians, (ALVMA) in Dr. Dan Kuykendall humane groups Orange Beach, of Auburn. within the state, Alabama, in June The first or constituent 2003. The first committee also in Dakota veterinary inductee was large measure determined the associations. Nominees may be living or Dakota, a golden dead but must have the permission of retriever owned by requirements and the protocol necessary for the owner, trainer, or representative to Michael consideration and be nominated. Nominations must Klingfelter. induction into the include at least one photograph if became Dakota hall. Nominees are available, two or more Klingfelter’s required to be letters supporting the protector and his companion or nomination, and the best friend, saving Paxton Muffin
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appropriate Greene but was accompanied by an documentation. Each entire entourage. Paxton was nominee is placed in a represented by Jerry McKee, and Red pool of nominees and Dog brought his handler Wade Sanders. considered for three years Fred was represented by Kenneth and or until it is elected into Sherry Shaw, but his memory was kept the hall. The animal is not by all the residents of Rockford. considered again if it does The third induction was held in not achieve the required Huntsville on January 29, 2005, with number of votes in any of three inductees honored: Miss Baker, the three years. To be Jack, and Tiger. The Space and Rocket elected into the hall, three Center was the venue for the ceremony quarters of the committee because of a very small monkey, a vote for the candidate. rhesus macaque named Miss Baker. In Due to time and space 1959 Miss Baker and her rocket constraints at the annual shipmate Able made the first space convention, the initial flight with a live animal on board. She induction ceremony did made the trip with nary a rise in not appropriately present heartbeat, and upon recovery she was the complete attributes of given a snack and promptly rolled over the inductee, but it and took a nap. Miss Baker was certainly demonstrated the inducted because she is credited with need for such a ceremony influencing countless young children to and emphasized the power consider careers in the space program. of the human-animal bond. To this day children still leave a banana Gucci In late 2003 Dr. on her memorial when they visit the Drumheller asked Dr. Michael Newman his work at the Marianne Green Henry Center. She was nominated by Dr. to chair the committee. At the following Special Equestrian Program at the Charles Horton and represented by Irene executive board meeting of the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Wilhite from the Space and Rocket Blind in Talladega; a working ALVMA, Dr. Newman presented a Red Dog, Center. Jack is a particularly handsome proposal to redesign the induction bloodhound with incredible tracking malamute who saved his owner, ceremony to be a “black tie” dinner and skills from the St. Clair Correctional K- Karmym Tipps, from certain death when a stand-alone event so 9 unit in Springville; her home in Athens caught fire. Tipps a service guide that it would not be part Paxton, rescued Jack from a difficult life, but of the annual meeting. dog who heroically saved his repayment clearly was adequate. his owner’s life and who at The proposal would Jack was nominated by Dr. Tavis White allow expansion of the the time lived in Anniston; from Toney. The final inductee was and a world famous ceremony to include Fred, Tiger, the golden eagle mascot of more inductees, character of a mixed breed Auburn University. She was nominated selected speakers, and Jack dog who adopted the town by Dr. Kent Armstrong from entertainment, making the ceremony of Rockford, Alabama. All four animals Birmingham and was represented by Dr. more appealing each year and were nominated by veterinarians: Dale Jamie Bellah of Auburn. Lowery, Charles Payton, Paula demonstrating our profession’s great While Tiger represents respect for those individuals who Thorne, and John Christian, Auburn University, she nurtured these extraordinary animals. In respectively. Local publicity in also is a national figure for addition, the committee opted to rotate both print and electronic media wildlife preservation the ceremony among the four major outlets was generated, especially generally and raptor rescue metropolitan areas of the when two of the and rehabilitation state which include: inductees attended the specifically. In that activity Birmingham, Huntsville, event “dressed to the she has been unsurpassed Mobile, and Montgomery. nines.” Red Dog wore a and deserving of her The second induction was bowtie, and Pioneer Matilda award. held at the Wynfrey Hotel in was dressed in full black tie Between the second and third Birmingham on January 17, (pants, shirt, vest, tie, and hat) induction ceremonies, the AAHOF 2004. That induction as he happily greeted the Committee introduced an award to be attendees at the front door of included: Pioneer, a gentle given to individuals who have hippotherapy pony who did the Wynfrey Hotel. Pioneer performed work benefiting people and Miss Baker was represented by Tim ears The Alabama Veterinary Medical Association 43 25423 ALVMA_Vet Book 07 4/6/07 11:47 AM Page 44
animals. The committee named these Center in New entertainer, was awards after two men who dedicated York in an also inducted. She their lives to human and animal welfare office located was owned and through their careers and by their on the seventy- handled by Donna example. Dr. Walter C. Bowie was the eighth floor Barton and was dean at Tuskegee School of Veterinary below the plane nominated by Britt Medicine for eighteen years and was a impact area. On Animal Hospital of leader in developing pet-facilitated that fateful day, Birmingham. The therapy programs for people which are he and his third inductee of models for use today. Dr. M. K. Heath guide dog, 2006 was a brave had a general practice in Birmingham Roselle, were little Boston terrier Red Dog for years but returned to named Muffin, To our members and partners Auburn where for many more who saved her owners from a fire in their years he helped turn students home in Hueytown. She was owned and for into learned, compassionate loved by Bobby and Judy Wall and was colleagues through his nominated by Dr. A. David Hayes also of demeanor and teaching ability. Hueytown. The award was appropriately The fourth ceremony honored three named the Bowie-Heath BHHA recipients. Lynne Fridley was Humanitarian Award (BHHA). chosen because her work in humane The first BHHA was given shelters and for the Maddie’s Fund has to Nina Beal from Huntsville had great influence in animal care across whose long history of animal the state. Jama Singley won the award care included helping to start because of her care and diligence as the years of service and the Greater Huntsville Animal chief animal cruelty investigator with the Shelter and later her own Department of Animal Protection shelter called the Ark. Her Services, a division of the Lee County dedication to the profession of efforts to educate the public Humane Society. Dr. Janet M. Haslerig about animals were received the award because of her veterinary medicine in Alabama extraordinary as was her commitment to the humane care of dedication to homeless and animals as the first and only president of unwanted companion animals. the Macon County Humane Society. Nancy Pett from Decatur, also Through the first four years of the dedicated to the care of Fred Alabama Animal Hall of Fame, the homeless animals, showed impressive able to escape the building. He shared association has seen great strides in interest in teaching people about their inspiring story at the induction growth and awareness across the state. animals and their care, ceremony and in While the first induction was barely particularly at-home pet numerous media noticed, the second was attended by 86 1907-2007 care and training. Mimi interviews while in participants. Attendance of the third Bynum and Connie Montgomery. ceremony rose to 142, and the fourth was Gates together started a The inductees of attended by 166 interested individuals. pet therapy organization 2006 include Gucci, Media attention has more than doubled in Huntsville, which Matilda, and Muffin. between the third and fourth induction, grew from two people Gucci was terribly and the number of nominations has also and their two pets Pioneer abused and maimed as a increased. The AAHOF truly reflects the (Connie’s Annie and Mimi’s Natchez) to puppy, but he survived thanks to Dr. strength of the human-animal bond and an organization with some 50,000 Douglas James of Mobile. Gucci’s the relationship we have with animals. annual visits to people in need of the plight eventually prompted the Alabama It has been said that people would ALABAMA VMA unconditional love only animals can Legislature to pass a new and stronger never have become give. animal abuse law, civilized without Veterinarians The fourth induction ceremony was appropriately called animals. The held in Montgomery on September 9, the “Gucci Law.” emotions generated Protecting People, Pets and Livestock 2006. The date was chosen to coincide Gucci was by stories highlighted with the fifth anniversary of the nominated by Dr. at the Alabama September 11, 2001, tragedy because of Laurie Green from Animal Hall of Fame Yesterday, Today and Always a special keynote speaker, Michael Mobile. Matilda, the Induction Ceremony Hingson. Hingson, who has been blind oldest chicken on strongly support that L from birth, worked in the World Trade record and a national Tiger (War Eagle VI) statement.
44 Celebrating 100 Years 25423 ALVMA_Vet Book 07 3/29/07 6:38 PM Page 45
To our members and partners for
years of service and dedication to the profession of veterinary medicine in Alabama
1907-2007
ALABAMA VMA Veterinarians Protecting People, Pets and Livestock Yesterday, Today and Always
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Alabama Veterinary Medical Foundation
DEDICATED TO
Animal Welfare $ODEDPD 9HWHULQDU\ 0HGLFDO $VVRFLDWLRQ 2Q Veterinary Crisis Assistance There are several ways to support the Alabama Veterinary Medical Foundation: Dear Alabama VMA Members: Heroes for Alabama Pets Congratulations on your 100th Anniversary! Support for the medical and surgical treatment of pets of financially needy owners or stray animals, provided under two separate grant programs. Thank you for all you do to protect People, Pets and Livestock. Your services are invaluable. Memorial Gifts Many veterinarians and clients contribute to the Foundation in memory of a It has been a pleasure to serve you over the years beloved pet or in honor of family members and friends. and I look forward to meeting your Long Term Care Bequests Individuals may bequeath gifts to the Foundation by naming it in wills, insurance needs in the future. policies or trusts. Best Regards, Corporate Gifts Corporations and organizations can donate to the Foundation to recognize Jerry Borden individuals or for specific causes. Your Long Term Care Specialist All contributions to the Alabama Veterinary Medical Foundation (256)-366-5644 are tax deductible. Contributions may be designated to specific programs or given to the General Fund 25423 ALVMA_Vet Book 07 4/11/07 2:00 PM Page 51 Alabama Veterinary Medical Foundation DEDICATED TO Animal Welfare $ODEDPD 9HWHULQDU\ 0HGLFDO $VVRFLDWLRQ 2Q Veterinary Crisis Assistance There are several ways to support the Alabama Veterinary Medical Foundation: Dear Alabama VMA Members: Heroes for Alabama Pets Congratulations on your 100th Anniversary! Support for the medical and surgical treatment of pets of financially needy owners or stray animals, provided under two separate grant programs. Thank you for all you do to protect People, Pets and Memorial Gifts Livestock. Your services are invaluable. Many veterinarians and clients contribute to the Foundation in memory of a It has been a pleasure to serve you over the years beloved pet or in honor of family members and friends. and I look forward to meeting your Long Term Care Bequests Individuals may bequeath gifts to the Foundation by naming it in wills, insurance needs in the future. policies or trusts. Corporate Gifts Best Regards, Corporations and organizations can donate to the Foundation to recognize individuals or for specific causes. Jerry Borden individuals or for specific causes. Your Long Term Care Specialist All contributions to the Alabama Veterinary Medical Foundation (256)-366-5644 are tax deductible. Contributions may be designated to specific programs or given to the General Fund. 25423 ALVMA_Vet Book 07 3/29/07 6:38 PM Page 52 Fort Dodge Animal Health Corporate Headquarters Congratulations to the Alabama Veterinary Medical Association on of Veterinary Medicine from your friends at Fort Dodge Animal Health 25423 ALVMA_Vet Book 07 3/29/07 6:38 PM Page c Fort Dodge Animal Health Corporate Headquarters Congratulations to the Alabama Veterinary Medical Association on of Veterinary Medicine from your friends at Fort Dodge Animal Health 25423 ALVMA_Vet Book 07 3/29/07 6:38 PM Page d Alabama VMA P.O. Box 3514 Montgomery, AL 36109 334-395-0086 www.ALVMA.com U.S. $10.00