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Home , Alcohol oxidase, Alkene monooxygenase, Amine oxidase, Ammonia monooxygenase, Anthocyanidin reductase, Arogenate dehydrogenase

US 20130273277A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0273277 A1 Lee et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 17, 2013

(54) POWDERED POUCH AND METHOD OF (52) U.S. Cl. MAKING SAME CPC ...... B65D31/02 (2013.01) USPC ...... 428/35.2:427/201 (71) Applicant: MONOSOL, LLC., Merrillville, IN (US) (57) ABSTRACT (72) Inventors: David M. Lee, Crown Point, IN (US); Yashodhan S. Parulekar, Valparaiso, IN (US) Disclosed herein are water-soluble films and resulting pack ets including a water-soluble film coated by a powder, (73) Assignee: Monosol, LLC., Merrillville, IN (US) wherein the powder includes a mixture of a powdered lubri cant and an active agent. Optionally, the active agent may be (21) Appl. No.: 13/828,299 encapsulated, e.g. microencapsulated, for release of the active agent through mechanisms including, but not limited to, (22) Filed: Mar 14, 2013 mechanical rupture, melt, ablation, dissolution, diffusion, O O biodegradation, or pH-controlled release. Active ingredients Related U.S. Application Data described include , oils, flavors, colorants, odor (60) Provisional application No. 61/624,926, filed on Apr. absorbers, fragrances, pesticides, fertilizers, activators, acid 16, 2012. catalysts, catalysts, ion Scavengers, bleaches, bleach components, fabric softeners and combinations thereof. Publication Classification Examples of packet fills include laundry detergents, bleach and laundry additives, fabric care, dishwashing, hard Surface (51) Int. Cl. cleaning, beauty care, skin care, other personal care, and B65D 30/08 (2006.01) foodstuffs. Patent Application Publication Oct. 17, 2013 US 2013/0273277 A1

Interval Plot of Blank, Only Starch, Malodor + St Malodor +st, ... 95% CI for the Mean

5.21429

2.67857

Plot of odor perceived by sensory panel vs. pouch type.

FIGURE 1 US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

POWDERED POUCH AND METHOD OF aspect of the disclosure is a water-soluble film coated by a MAKING SAME powder, wherein the powder comprises a mixture of a pow dered lubricant and an active agent which comprises a FIELD OF THE INVENTION microencapsulated fragrance. 0001. The present disclosure relates generally to water 0010 Further aspects and advantages will be apparent to soluble films and related packets. More particularly the dis those of ordinary skill in the art from a review of the following closure relates to water Soluble films and packets comprised detailed description. While the compositions and methods are of water-soluble films coated by a powder that includes an Susceptible of embodiments in various forms, the description active agent. hereafter includes specific embodiments with the understand ing that the disclosure is illustrative, and is not intended to BACKGROUND limit the invention to the specific embodiments described herein. 0002 Water-soluble packets are known in the art. These compositions have the advantage that they are easy to dose, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS handle, transport and store. 0003. The film material used in water-soluble packets is 0011 FIG. 1 shows an interval plot of the numerical value often relatively fragile since in most applications it must (and 95% confidence interval) of the odor perceived from release the quickly and completely in water, and each pouch type tested according to the Example described without leaving residue. To achieve this, the film material below. must be thin and must have a high water-reactivity. 0004. The incorporation of powder into film material is DETAILED DESCRIPTION known in the art. A polyvinyl alcohol-type film can be 0012 Disclosed herein are water-soluble films and pack obtained by distributing an aqueous dispersion of a fine pow ets comprising a water-soluble film in the form of a packet and der on one or both sides and then drying the film, for example coated by a powder, wherein the powder comprises a mixture for good slip properties and adhesion resistance. of a powdered lubricant and an active agent. Optionally, the 0005. In addition, powdering of film material is known. A active agent is microencapsulated. In one type of embodi dusting treatment agent for imparting inter-film lubricity to a ment, the active agent comprises a microencapsulated fra film of thermoplastic resin has been described. In packets grance. In embodiments, the microcapsule provides for a containing liquid compositions, powdering has been used to controlled release of the active agent through mechanisms reduce the negative effects of weeping, Such as a tacky feel or including, but not limited to, mechanical rupture, melt, abla premature loss of product. Additionally, the water-soluble tion, dissolution, diffusion, biodegradation, or pH-controlled nature of such packets often renders them vulnerable to release. humidity, which can weaken the structural integrity of the 0013. One type of embodiment of the water-soluble pack film. Exposure to humid conditions often results in the pack ets will comprise, enclosed within the packet, Solid, liquid or ets sticking together and packet failure upon separation. gel compositions, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of the enclosed composition include laundry deter SUMMARY gents, bleach and laundry additives, fabric care, dishwashing, 0006. One aspect of the disclosure is a water-soluble hard Surface cleaning, beauty care, skin care, other personal packet comprising a water-soluble film in the form of a packet care, or food product compositions. and coated by a powder, wherein the powder comprises a 0014. The disclosure further provides a method of provid mixture of a powdered lubricant and an active agent, wherein ing additional functionality to a water-soluble packet through the active agent is not afragrance. Optionally, the active agent the powder coating. The powder coating is comprised of a may be encapsulated. powder lubricant and an active agent. This combination has 0007 Another aspect of the disclosure is a water-soluble been demonstrated to be particularly advantageous in provid packet comprising a water-soluble film in the form of a packet ing the packet with additional functionality while improving and coated by a powder, wherein the powder comprises a the feel of the packet Surface, mitigating potential weeping of mixture of a powdered lubricant and an active agent which liquid products onto Surface of the packet, and preventing the comprises a microencapsulated fragrance. packets from Sticking together, thereby preventing possible 0008 Still another aspect of the disclosure is a method of failure during separation. The water-soluble packets of the providing a water-soluble film and/or film packet additional disclosure herein can have one or more other, optional advan functionality, including the steps of coating a water-soluble tages including, delivering an active agent to a film and/or film packet with a powder comprising an active before the water-soluble packet is dissolved, providing a con agent. The water soluble packet and powder are made accord trolled and delayed release of the active agent, providing an ing to the disclosure herein. Optionally, the active agent can accurate dosing of active agent and enabling the packet to be encapsulated. comprise more than one active agent per packet. In particular, 0009 While the disclosure of preferred embodiments water-soluble packets according to one class of embodiments herein provides descriptions of film packets, the powdered of the disclosure can demonstrate advantageous stability if film itself, prior to formation into a packet is also contem one or more of the active agents is known to be unstable in the plated, such that for any embodiment describing a packet, a presence of another active agent or in the presence of a com film is equally contemplated. Thus, another aspect of the ponent of the composition enclosed within the packet. Addi disclosure is a water-soluble film coated by a powder, wherein tionally, the method of providing the packet additional func the powder comprises a mixture of a powdered lubricant and tionality through the incorporation of the active agent into the an active agent, wherein the active agent is not a fragrance. powder coating is advantageous because no new processing Optionally, the active agent may be encapsulated. Another equipment is needed to produce the packet. US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

0015 Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about' or solubility of a film made from the resin, and additional ingre “approximately one particular value and/or to “about' or dients is also influenced. In one class of embodiments the film “approximately' another particular value. When such a range is cold water-soluble. A cold water-soluble film, soluble in is expressed, another contemplated embodiment includes water at a temperature of less than 10°C., can include PVOH from the one particular value and/or to the other particular with a degree of hydrolysis in a range of about 75% to about value. Similarly, when particular values are expressed as 90%, or in a range of about 80% to about 90%, or in a range approximations, but use antecedents such as “about “at of about 85% to about 90%. In another class of embodiments least or “less than about, it will be understood that the the film is hot water-soluble. A hot water-soluble film, soluble particular value forms another embodiment. in water at a temperature of at least about 60°C., can include 0016. As used herein, the term “comprising indicates the PVOH with a degree of hydrolysis of at least about 98%. potential inclusion of other agents, elements, steps, or fea 0023. Other film-forming resins for use in addition to or in tures, in addition to those specified. an alternative to PVOH can include, but are not limited to, 0017. As used herein and unless specified otherwise all modified polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, water-soluble measurements of viscosity in centipoises (cP) are of a 4% acrylate copolymers, polyaminopropyl Sulfonic acid and salts solution at 20° C. thereof, polyitaconic acid and salts thereof, polyacryamides, 0018. As used herein and unless specified otherwise, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone, pullulan, cellulosics, including but not terms “wt.%' and “wt %' are intended to refer to the com limited to carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl position of the identified element in “dry” (non water) parts methyl cellulose, water-soluble natural polymers including, by weight of the entire film (when applicable) or parts by but not limited to, guar gum, Xanthan gum, carrageenan, and weight of the entire composition enclosed within a packet starch, water-soluble polymer derivatives including, but not (when applicable). As used herein and unless specified oth limited to, modified Starches, including ethoxylated Starch erwise, the term "phr' is intended to refer to the composition and hydroxypropylated Starch, poly(sodium acrylamido-2- of the identified element in parts per one hundred parts water methylpropane Sulfonate), polymonomethylmaleate and salts soluble polymer resin. thereof, copolymers thereof, and combinations of any of the 0019. As used herein, the term “coating powder refers to foregoing with each other and/or with PVOH. the mixture of powdered lubricant and active agent. Option 0024. The water-soluble resin can be included in the ally the active agent may be microencapsulated. water-soluble film in any suitable amount, for example an 0020. The packet includes a water-soluble film as at least amount in a range of about 35 wt % to about 90 wt %. The one wall of the packet, and optionally the water-soluble film weight ratio of the amount of the water-soluble resin as com is the sole film component of the packet. Water-soluble films pared to the combined amount of additives can be any suitable of this type which can be made into packets, optional ingre ratio, for example a ratio in a range of about 0.5 to about 5, or dients for use therein, and methods of making the same are about 1 to 3, or about 1 to 2. well known in the art. 0025. Water-soluble resins for use in the films described 0021. In one class of embodiments, the water-soluble film herein (including, but not limited to PVOH resins) can be includes PVOH. PVOH is a synthetic resin generally pre characterized by any suitable viscosity for the desired film pared by the alcoholysis, usually termed hydrolysis or saponi properties, optionally a viscosity in a range of about 8.0 to fication, of polyvinyl acetate. Fully hydrolyzed PVOH, about 40.0 cP, or about 10.0 cP to about 30 cP, or about 13 cP wherein virtually all the acetate groups have been converted to about 27 cB. The viscosity of a PVOH resin is determined to alcohol groups, is a strongly -bonded, highly by measuring a freshly made solution using a Brookfield LV crystalline polymer which dissolves only in hot water— type viscometer with UL adapter as described in British Stan greater than about 140°F. (60°C.). If a sufficient number of dard EN ISO 15023-2:2006 Annex E Brookfield Test method. acetate groups are allowed to remain after the hydrolysis of It is international practice to state the viscosity of 4% aqueous polyvinyl acetate, the PVOH polymer then being known as solution at 20°C. All viscosities specified herein in cl’ should partially hydrolyzed, it is more weakly hydrogen-bonded and be understood to refer to the viscosity of 4% aqueous solution less crystalline and is soluble in cold water—less than about at 20°C., unless specified otherwise. 50° F (10° C.). An intermediate cold/hot water soluble film 0026. It is well known in the art that the viscosity of a resin can include, for example, intermediate partially-hydrolyzed is correlated with the weight average molecular weight (Mw) PVOH (e.g., with degrees of hydrolysis of about 94% to about of the same resin, and often the viscosity is used as a proxy for 98%), and is readily soluble only in warm water—e.g., rapid Mw. Thus, the weight average molecular weight of the water dissolution attemperatures of about 40°C. and greater. Both soluble resin optionally can be in a range of about 35,000 to fully and partially hydrolyzed PVOH types are commonly about 205,000, or about 80,000 to about 170,000, or about referred to as PVOH homopolymers although the partially 97,000 to about 160,000 Daltons. The molecular weight of hydrolyzed type is technically a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate the resin need only be sufficient to enable it to be molded by copolymer. Suitable techniques to form a thin plastic film. 0022. The degree of hydrolysis of the PVOH included in 0027. The water-soluble films according to the present the water-soluble films of the present disclosure can be about disclosure may include other optional additive ingredients 75% to about 99%, for example. As the degree of hydrolysis including, but not limited to, plasticizers, Surfactants, emul is reduced, a film made from the resin will have reduced sifiers, fillers, extenders, antiblocking agents, detackifying mechanical strength but faster solubility at temperatures agents, antifoams, film formers and other functional ingredi below about 20° C. As the degree of hydrolysis increases, a ents, for example in amounts Suitable for their intended pur film made from the resin will tend to be mechanically stronger pose. and the thermoformability will tend to decrease. The degree 0028 Water is recognized as a very efficient plasticizer for of hydrolysis of the PVOH can be chosen such that the water PVOH and other polymers; however, the volatility of water solubility of the resin is temperature dependent, and thus the makes its utility limited since polymer films need to have at US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

least Some resistance (robustness) to a variety of ambient sion and blown extrusion, as known in the art. One contem conditions including low and high relative humidity. Glycerin plated class of embodiments is characterized by the water is much less volatile than water and has been well established soluble film described herein being formed by casting, for as an effective plasticizer for PVOH and other polymers. example, by admixing the ingredients described herein with Glycerin or other such liquid plasticizers by themselves can water to create an aqueous mixture, for example a solution cause Surface “Sweating and greasiness if the level used in with optionally dispersed solids, applying the mixture to a the film formulation is too high. This can lead to problems in surface, and drying off water to create a film. Similarly, other a film such as unacceptable feel to the hand of the consumer compositions can be formed by drying the mixture while it is and even blocking of the film on the roll or in stacks of sheets confined in a desired shape. if the Sweating is not mitigated in some manner, such as 0033. The film is useful for creating a packet to contain a powdering of the surface. This could be characterized as over composition, for example laundry or dishwashing composi plasticization. However, if too little plasticizer is added to the tions, thereby forming a packet. The film described hereincan film the film may lack sufficient ductility and flexibility for also be used to make a packet with two or more compartments many end uses, for example to be converted into a final use made of the same film or in combination with films of other format such as packets. polymeric materials. Additional films can, for example, be 0029 Plasticizers for use in water-soluble films of the obtained by casting, blow-molding, extrusion or blown extru present disclosure include, but are not limited to, sorbitol, sion of the same or a different polymeric material, as known glycerol, diglycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, dieth in the art. In one type of embodiment, the polymers, copoly yleneglycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethyleneglycol, polyeth mers or derivatives thereof suitable for use as the additional ylene glycols up to MW 400.2 methyl 1, 3 propane diol, lactic film are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrroli acid, monoacetin, triacetin, triethyl citrate, 1,3-butanediol. done, polyalkylene oxides, polyacrylic acid, cellulose, cellu trimethylolpropane (TMP), polyether triol, and combinations lose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, polyvinyl thereof. As less plasticizer is used, the film can become more acetates, polycarboxylic acids and salts, polyaminoacids or brittle, whereas as more plasticizer is used the film can lose peptides, polyamides, polyacrylamide, copolymers of tensile strength. Plasticizers can be included in the water maleic/acrylic acids, polysaccharides including starch and soluble films in an amount in a range of about 25 phr to about gelatin, natural gums including, but not limited to, Xanthan, 50 phr, or from about 30 phr to about 45 phr, or from about 32 and carrageenans. For example, polymers can be selected phr to about 42 phr, for example. from polyacrylates and water-soluble acrylate copolymers, 0030) Surfactants for use in water-soluble films are well methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, known in the art. Optionally, Surfactants are included to aid in ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl meth the dispersion of the resin solution upon casting. Suitable ylcellulose, maltodextrin, polymethacrylates, and combina surfactants for water-soluble films of the present disclosure tions thereof, or selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl include, but are not limited to, dialkyl SulfoSuccinates, lacty alcohol copolymers and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose lated esters of glycerol and propylene glycol, lac tylic esters of fatty acids, Sodium alkyl Sulfates, polysorbate (HPMC), and combinations thereof. 20, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, alkyl 0034. The packets of the present disclosure comprise at polyethylene glycol ethers, lecithin, acetylated fatty acid least one sealed compartment. Thus the packets may com esters of glycerol and propylene glycol, Sodium lauryl Sulfate, prise a single compartment or multiple compartments. In acetylated esters of fatty acids, myristyl dimethylamine embodiments comprising multiple compartments, each com oxide, trimethyl tallow alkyl ammonium chloride, quaternary partment may contain identical and/or different composi ammonium compounds, salts thereof and combinations of tions. In turn, the compositions may take any Suitable form any of the forgoing. Too little Surfactant can sometimes result including, but not limited to liquid, Solid and combinations in a film having holes, whereas too much surfactant can result thereof (e.g. a solid Suspended in a liquid). In some embodi in the film having a greasy or oily feel from excess Surfactant ments, the packets comprises a first, second and third com present on the surface of the film. Thus, surfactants can be partment, each of which respectively contains a different first, included in the water-soluble films in an amount of less than second and third composition. In some embodiments, the about 2 phr, for example less than about 1 phr, or less than compositions may be visually distinct as described in Euro about 0.5 phr, for example. pean Patent Application Number 09 161692.0 (filed Jun. 2, 0031 One type of secondary component contemplated for 2009 and assigned to the Procter & Gamble Company). use is a defoamer. Defoamers can aid in coalescing of foam 0035. The compartments of multi-compartment packets bubbles. Suitable defoamers for use in water-soluble films may be of the same or different size(s) and/or volume(s). The according to the present disclosure include, but are not lim compartments of the present multi-compartment packets can ited to, hydrophobic silicas, for example silicon dioxide or be separate or conjoined in any Suitable manner. In some fumed silica in fine particle sizes, including Foam Blast(R) embodiments, the second and/or third and/or Subsequent defoamers available from Emerald Performance Materials, compartments are Superimposed on the first compartment. In including Foam Blast R. 327, Foam Blast(R) UVD, Foam one embodiment, the third compartment may be Superim BlastR 163, Foam Blast(R) 269, Foam Blast(R) 338, Foam posed on the second compartment, which is in turn Superim Blast R. 290, Foam Blast(R) 332, Foam Blast(R) 349, Foam posed on the first compartment in a sandwich configuration. Blast R. 550 and Foam Blast R. 339, which are proprietary, Alternatively the second and third compartments may be non-mineral oil defoamers. In embodiments, defoamers can Superimposed on the first compartment. However it is also be used in an amount of 0.5 phr, or less, for example, 0.05 phr, equally envisaged that the first, second and optionally third 0.04 phr, 0.03 phr, 0.02 phr, or 0.01 phr. and Subsequent compartments may be attached to one another 0032. Processes for making water-soluble articles, includ in a side by side relationship. The compartments may be ing films and packets, include casting, blow-molding, extru packed in a string, each compartment being individually US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

separable by a perforation line. Hence each compartment may volume of the final packets may be about 5 ml to about 300 ml, be individually torn-off from the remainder of the string by or about 10 to 150 ml, or about 20 to about 100 ml, and that the the end-user, mold sizes are adjusted accordingly. 0036. In some embodiments, multi-compartment packets 0040. In one embodiment, the packet includes a first and a include three compartments consisting of a large first com second sealed compartment. The second compartment is in a partment and two smaller compartments. The second and generally Superposed relationship with the first sealed com third Smaller compartments are Superimposed on the first partment such that the second sealed compartment and the larger compartment. The size and geometry of the compart first sealed compartment share a partitioning wall interior to ments are chosen such that this arrangement is achievable. the packet. The geometry of the compartments may be the same or dif 0041. In one embodiment, the packet including a first and ferent. In some embodiments the second and optionally third a second compartment further includes a third sealed com compartment each has a different geometry and shape as partment. The third sealed compartment is in a generally compared to the first compartment. In these embodiments, the Superposed relationship with the first sealed compartment second and optionally third compartments are arranged in a such that the third sealed compartment and the first sealed design on the first compartment. The design may be decora compartment share a partitioning wall interior to the packet. tive, educative, or illustrative, for example to illustrate a con 0042. In various embodiments, the first composition and cept or instruction, and/or used to indicate origin of the prod the second composition are selected from one of the follow uct. In some embodiments, the first compartment is the largest ing combinations: liquid, liquid; liquid, powder, powder, compartment having two large faces sealed around the perim powder, and powder, liquid. eter, and the second compartment is Smaller covering less than about 75%, or less than about 50% of the surface area of 0043. In various embodiments, the first, second and third one face of the first compartment. In embodiments in which compositions are selected from one of the following combi there is a third compartment, the aforementioned structure nations: Solid, liquid, liquid and liquid, liquid, liquid. may be the same but the second and third compartments cover 0044. In one embodiment, the single compartment or plu less thanabout 60%, or less than about 50%, or less thanabout rality of sealed compartments contains a composition. The 45% of the surface area of one face of the first compartment. plurality of compartments may each contain the same or a 0037. The packets of the present disclosure may comprise different composition. The composition is selected from a one or more different films. For example, in single compart liquid, solid or combination thereof. ment embodiments, the packet may be made from one wall 0045 Heat can be applied to the film in the process com that is folded onto itself and sealed at the edges, or alterna monly known as thermoforming. The heat may be applied tively, two walls that are sealed together at the edges. In using any Suitable means. For example, the film may be multiple compartment embodiments, the packet may be made heated directly by passing it under a heating element or from one or more films such that any given packet compart through hot air, prior to feeding it onto a surface or once on a ment may comprise walls made from a single film or multiple surface. Alternatively, it may be heated indirectly, for films having differing compositions. In one embodiment, a example by heating the Surface or applying a hot item onto the multi-compartment packet comprises at least three walls: an film. The film can be heated using an infrared light. The film outer upper wall; an outer lower wall; and a partitioning wall. may be heated to a temperature of at least 50°C., for example The outer upper wall and the outer lower wall are generally about 50 to about 150° C., about 50 to about 120°C., about 60 opposing and form the exterior of the packet. The partitioning to about 130° C., about 70 to about 120° C., or about 60 to wall is interior to the packet and is secured to the generally about 90° C. opposing outer walls along a seal line. The partitioning wall 0046 Alternatively, the film can be wetted by any suitable separates the interior of the multi-compartment packet into at means, for example directly by spraying a wetting agent least a first compartment and a second compartment. In one (including water, a solution of the film composition, a plasti class of embodiments, the partitioning wall may be the only cizer for the film composition, or any combination of the containing film thereby minimizing the exposure of foregoing) onto the film, prior to feeding it onto the Surface or the consumer to the enzymes. once on the surface, or indirectly by wetting the surface or by 0038 Packets may be made using any suitable equipment applying a wet item onto the film. and method. For example, single compartment packets may 0047 Once a film has been heated and/or wetted, it may be be made using vertical form filling, horizontal form filling, or drawn into an appropriate mold, preferably using a vacuum. rotary drum filling techniques commonly known in the art. The film can be thermoformed with a draw ratio of at least Such processes may be either continuous or intermittent. The about 1.5, for example, and optionally up to a draw ratio of 2. film may be dampened, and/or heated to increase the mallea for example. The filling of the molded film can be accom bility thereof. The method may also involve the use of a plished by utilizing any Suitable means. In some embodi vacuum to draw the film into a suitable mold. The vacuum ments, the most preferred method will depend on the product drawing the film into the mold can be applied for about 0.2 to form and required speed of filling. In some embodiments, the about 5 seconds, or about 0.3 to about 3, or about 0.5 to about molded film is filled by in-line filling techniques. The filled, 1.5 seconds, once the film is on the horizontal portion of the open packets are then closed forming the packets, using a Surface. This vacuum can be such that it provides an under second film, by any Suitable method. This may be accom pressure in a range of 10 mbar to 1000 mbar, or in a range of plished while in horizontal position and in continuous, con 100 mbar to 600 mbar, for example. stant motion. The closing may be accomplished by continu 0039. The molds, in which packets may be made, can have ously feeding a second film, for example, a water-soluble any shape, length, width and depth, depending on the required film, over and onto the open packets and then sealing the first dimensions of the packets. The molds may also vary in size and second film together, typically in the area between the and shape from one to another, if desirable. For example, the molds and thus between the packets. US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

0048. Any suitable method of sealing the packet and/or the 0.063 d) filling the second and optionally third compart individual compartments thereof may be utilized. Non-limit ments; ing examples of Such means include heat sealing, Solvent 0.064 e) sealing the second and optionally third com welding, Solvent or wet sealing, and combinations thereof. partment using a third film; The water-soluble packet and/or the individual compartments 0065 f) placing the sealed second and optionally third thereof can be heat sealed at a temperature of at least 200°F. compartments onto the first compartment; (93°C.), for example in a range of about 220° F (about 105° 0.066 g) sealing the first, second and optionally third C.) to about 290° F (about 145° C.), or about 230° F (about compartments; and 110° C.) to about 280° F (about 140°C.). Typically, only the 0067 h) cutting the films to produce a multi-compart area which is to form the seal is treated with heat or solvent. ment packet. The heat or solvent can be applied by any method, typically 0068. The first and second forming machines may be on the closing material, and typically only on the areas which selected based on their suitability to perform the above pro are to form the seal. If solvent or wet sealing or welding is cess. In some embodiments, the first forming machine can be used, heat may optionally also be applied. Suitable wet or a horizontal forming machine, and the second forming Solvent sealing/welding methods include selectively apply machine can be a rotary drum forming machine, optionally ing solvent onto the area between the molds, or on the closing located above the first forming machine. material, by for example, spraying or printing this onto these 0069. It should be understood that by the use of appropri areas, and then applying pressure onto these areas, to form the ate feed stations, it may be possible to manufacture multi seal. Sealing rolls and belts as described above (optionally compartment packets incorporating a number of different or also providing heat) can be used, for example. distinctive compositions and/or different or distinctive liquid, 0049. The formed packets may then be cut by a cutting gel or paste compositions. device. Cutting can be accomplished using any known 0070 The water-soluble film and/or packet described method. It may be preferred that the cutting is also done in herein must be at least partially coated with a powder com continuous manner, and preferably with constant speed and position. The powder can be present on the packet in an preferably while in horizontal position. The cutting device amount of at least about 0.01 mg/cm, or in a range of about can, for example, be a sharp item, or a hot item, or a laser, 0.01 mg/cm to about 10 mg/cm, for example. The outer whereby in the latter cases, the hot item or laser burns surface of the film packet can be coated. In some embodi through the film/sealing area. ments, the inner Surface of the film packet can be coated, in 0050. The different compartments of a multi-compart the alternative to or in addition to the outer film Surface. In one ment packets may be made together in a side-by-side style embodiment, the powder composition is applied to the film wherein the resulting, cojoined packets may or may not be after forming a packet. In another embodiment, the powder separated by cutting. Alternatively, the compartments can be composition is applied to the film before forming a packet. made separately. 0071. The powdered lubricant is a powder that when 0051. In some embodiments, packets may be made present as the only powder component aids in preventing the according to a process including the steps of: packets from Sticking together during conditions which can 0.052 a) forming a first compartment (as described be present during film conversion, or when packets are in above); close proximity, Such as in secondary packaging, preventing 0053 b) forming a recess within some or all of the possible failure during separation, optionally one or more of closed compartment formed in step (a), to generate a the following: temperature about 10° C. to about 40°C., or second molded compartment Superposed above the first about 15° C. to about 35°C., or about 20°C. to about 25°C.; compartment; relative humidity from about 10% to about 50%, or about 0054 c) filling and closing the second compartments by 15% to about 45%, or about 20% to about 40%, or +/-5% means of a third film; relative humidity of the equilibrium percent relative humidity 0055 d) sealing the first, second and third films; and (eRH) of the film as received in its package. Additionally, in 0056 e) cutting the films to produce a multi-compart one class of embodiments the powdered lubricant can miti ment packet. gate potential weeping of liquid contents and thereby improve 0057 The recess formed in step (b) may be achieved by the feel of the packet surface. When present in the coating applying a vacuum to the compartment prepared in step (a). powder composition in an amount of at least about 1 wt %, for 0.058. In some embodiments, second, and/or third com example, the powdered lubricant additionally acts as a carrier partment(s) can be made in a separate step and then combined for active agent and aids in uniformly dispersing the active with the first compartment as described in European Patent agent. In some embodiments, the powdered lubricant aids in Application Number 08.101442.5 or WO 2009/152031 (filed the mechanical rupture of the microcapsules that contain Jun. 13, 2008 and assigned to the Procter & Gamble Com active agents. pany). 0072. In one type of embodiment, the powdered lubricant 0059. In other embodiments, packets may be made has an average particle size of at least about 0.1 um, or in a according to a process including the steps of: range of about 0.1 um to about 100 um, for example. Typi 0060 a) forming a first compartment, optionally using cally, a powder Such as starch could be used. Such a powder heat and/or vacuum, using a first film on a first forming being well known. Other suitable materials include modified machine; starches (including, but not limited to, corn starch, potato 0061 b) filling the first compartment with a first com starch, or hydroxyl ethyl starch), silicas, siloxanes, calcium position; carbonate, magnesium carbonate, clay, talc, silicic acid, 0062 c) on a second forming machine, deforming a kaolin, gypsum, Zeolites, cylclodextrins, calcium Stearate, second film, optionally using heat and vacuum, to make Zinc Stearate, alumina, magnesium Stearate, alumina, Zinc a second and optionally third molded compartment; oxide and combinations of any of the foregoing. Generally, US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 the powder will be inert. The powder lubricant is present in curonolactone , reductase, UDP- the coating powder in an amount of at least about 1 wt %, or 6-, , quinate dehy in a range of about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %. drogenase, , , 0073. The active agent, when present in the coating pow L-, D-lactate dehydrogenase, glycerate der composition in an amount of at least about 1 wt %, or in a dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, 3-hy range of about 1 wt % to about 99 wt %, provides additional droxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mevaldate reductase, functionality to the packet. In embodiments, the active agent mevaldate reductase (NADPH), hydroxymethylglutaryl can comprise one or more components including, but not CoA reductase (NADPH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydroge limited to, enzymes, oils, flavors, colorants, odor absorbers, nase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, , fragrances, pesticides, fertilizers, activators, acid catalysts, malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), metal catalysts, ion Scavengers, bleaches, bleach compo malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), malate dehydroge nents, fabric softeners or combinations thereof. The active nase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP), isocitrate agent can take any desired form, including as a solid, a liquid, dehydrogenase (NAD"), (NADP), a mull, a paste, a gas, etc., and optionally can be encapsulated. phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate 0074. In certain embodiments, the active agent may com dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), L-gulonate 3-dehydroge prise an enzyme. Suitable enzymes include enzymes catego nase, L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase, glucose 1-dehydroge rized in any one of the six conventional Enzyme Commission nase, galactose 1-dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehy (EC) categories, i.e., the of EC 1 (which drogenase, 3C-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific), catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions), the of 3(or 17) 13-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3C-hydroxy EC 2 (which transfer a functional group, e.g., a methyl or cholanate dehydrogenase, 3C.(or 20B)-hydroxysteroid dehy phosphate group), the of EC3 (which catalyze the drogenase, allyl-, lactaldehyde reduc hydrolysis of various bonds), the of EC 4 (which cleave tase (NADPH), ribitol 2-dehydrogenase, fructuronate various bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation), reductase, tagaturonate reductase, 3-hydroxypropionate the of EC 5 (which catalyze isomerization dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, 4-hy changes within a molecule) and the of EC 6 (which droxybutyrate dehydrogenase, estradiol 173-dehydrogenase, join two molecules with covalent bonds). Examples of such testosterone 17 B-dehydrogenase, testosterone 17 B-dehydro enzymes include and in EC 1, tran genase (NADP), pyridoxine 4-dehydrogenase, ()-hydroxy saminases and in EC2, , , , decanoate dehydrogenase, mannitol 2-dehydrogenase, glu mannanases, and peptidases (a.k.a. or proteolytic conate 5-dehydrogenase, alcoholdehydrogenase NAD(P)". enzymes) in EC 3, decarboxylases in EC 4, isomerases and (NADP), , in EC5 and synthetases and of EC 6. (R)-aminopropanal dehydrogenase, (S,S)-butanediol dehy 0075. Oxidoreductases drogenase, lactaldehyde reductase, methylglyoxal reductase 0076. Oxidoreductases include, but are not limited to: (NADH-dependent), glyoxylate reductase (NADP), isopro those acting on the CH-OH group of donors; those acting on panol dehydrogenase (NADP), hydroxypyruvate reductase, the aldehyde or oxo group of donors; those acting on the malate dehydrogenase (NADP), D-malate dehydrogenase CH-CH group of donors; those acting on the CH-NH (decarboxylating), dimethylmalate dehydrogenase, 3-isopro group of donors; those acting on the CH-NH group of pylmalate dehydrogenase, ketol-acid reductoisomerase, donors; those acting on NADH or NADPH; those acting on homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA other nitrogenous compounds as donors; those acting on a reductase, aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, aryl-alcohol dehy group of donors; those acting on a group of drogenase (NADP), oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxy donors; those acting on diphenols and related Substances as lating), , glycerol-3-phosphate dehy donors; those acting on a peroxide as acceptor, those acting drogenase NAD(P), phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, on hydrogen as donor; those acting on single donors with diiodophenylpyruvate reductase, 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol incorporation of molecular (); those act dehydrogenase, (R)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase, ing on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of (S)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase, 3-oxoacyl-acyl molecular oxygen; those acting on radicals as carrier-protein reductase, acylglycerone-phosphate reduc acceptor; those oxidizing metal ions; those acting on CH or tase, 3-dehydrosphinganine reductase, L-threonine 3-dehy CH groups; those acting on -sulfur proteins as donors: drogenase, 4-oxoproline reductase, all-trans-retinol those acting on reduced as donor, those acting on dehydrogenase (NAD"), pantoate 4-dehydrogenase, pyri or in donors; those acting on X-H and doxal 4-dehydrogenase, carnitine 3-dehydrogenase, indole Y—H to forman X Ybond; and those acting on halogen in lactate dehydrogenase, 3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate dehydroge donors. nase, , L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase, 0077. The oxidoreductases which act on the CH-OH apiose 1-reductase, ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP), group of donors can include, but are not limited to, those with D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase, D-arabinose 1-dehydroge NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (including alcoholdehydroge nase NAD(P), glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD"), glucose nase, alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP), homoserine dehy 1-dehydrogenase (NADP), galactose 1-dehydrogenase drogenase, (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase, glycerol dehy (NADP), aldose 1-dehydrogenase, D-threo-aldose 1-dehy drogenase, propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol drogenase, sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP), fructose 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD), D-xylulose reductase, 5-dehydrogenase (NADP), 2-deoxy-D-gluconate 3-dehy L-xylulose reductase, D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase, L-ara drogenase, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-dehydroge binitol 4-dehydrogenase, L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase, nase, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase, L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase, D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase, galac L-idonate 2-dehydrogenase, L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase, titol 2-dehydrogenase, mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydroge 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase, mannuronate nase, 2-dehydrogenase, glucuronate reductase, glu reductase, GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase, dTDP-4-dehy US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 drorhamnose reductase, dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydro reductase, 123-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3C.(17 B)-hy genase, GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase, UDP-N- droxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD"), N-acetylhexosamine acetylglucosamine 6-dehydrogenase, ribitol-5-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, 6-endo-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase, 2-dehydrogenase, mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP), sor , dehydrogenase, cyclohex bitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase, 15-hydroxyprostaglan anol dehydrogenase, pterocarpin , codeinone reduc din dehydrogenase (NAD"), D-pinitol dehydrogenase, tase (NADPH), salutaridine reductase (NADPH), D-arabini Sequoyitol dehydrogenase, perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, tol 2-dehydrogenase, galactitol-1-phosphate 3,3-hydroxy-A- dehydrogenase, 11 f-hydroxysteroid 5-dehydrogenase, tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase, (S)- dehydrogenase, 16C.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, estra carnitine 3-dehydrogenase, , fluo diol 17C.-dehydrogenase, 20C-hydroxysteroid dehydroge ren-9-ol dehydrogenase, 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzene nase, 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD"), 21-hydrox sulfonate dehydrogenase, 6-hydroxyhexanoate ysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP), 3C-hydroxy-5B dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase, androstane-17-one 3C-dehydrogenase, sepiapterin Sulcatone reductase, sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydroge reductase, ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase, glycerol 2-dehy nase, 4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase, 1.5- drogenase (NADP), 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydroge anhydro-D-fructose reductase, L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase, nase, UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase, 7C.-hydrox 3-methylbutanal reductase, dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglu ysteroid dehydrogenase, dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase, cose reductase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoi cholestanetetraol 26-dehydrogenase, erythrulose reductase, Somerase, 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase, 2-(S)- cyclopentanol dehydrogenase, hexadecanol dehydrogenase, hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase, 3-keto-steroid 2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase, hydroxycyclohexanecarboxy reductase, GDP-L-fucose synthase, (R)-2-hydroxyacid dehy late dehydrogenase, hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase, 2-de drogenase, Vellosimine dehydrogenase, 2,5-didehydroglu hydropantolactone reductase (A-specific), 2-dehydropan conate reductase, (+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase, serine tOate 2-reductase, 3.3-hydroxy-4C.- 3-dehydrogenase, 33-hydroxy-5B-steroid dehydrogenase, methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase 3f3-hydroxy-5C.-steroid dehydrogenase, (R)-3-hydroxyacid (decarboxylating), 2-oxoadipate reductase, L-rhamnose ester dehydrogenase, (S)-3-hydroxyacid ester dehydroge 1-dehydrogenase, cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase, nase, GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase, D-Xylose 1-dehydrogenase, 12C-hydroxysteroid dehydroge quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase, methylglyoxal reductase nase, glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP), (NADPH-dependent), S-(hydroxymethyl) dehy 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, D-xylose drogenase, 3'-deamino-3'-oxonicotianamine reductase, 1-dehydrogenase (NADP), cholest-5-ene-3,3,7C.-diol 33-de isocitrate-homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, D-arabinitol dehy , , carbonyl reductase drogenase (NADP), xanthoxin dehydrogenase, Sorbose (NADPH), L-glycol dehydrogenase, dTDP-galactose 6-de reductase, 4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase, 2-hy hydrogenase, GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase, pros droxymethylglutarate dehydrogenase, 1.5-anhydro-D-fruc taglandin-F synthase, -E 9-reductase, indole tose reductase (1.5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming), chloro 3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH), indole-3-acetaldehyde phyll (ide) b reductase, momilactone-A Synthase, reductase (NADPH), long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase, dihydrocarveol dehydrogenase, limonene-1,2-diol dehydro 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase, genase, 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP), coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, cinnamyl-alcohol dehy malate dehydrogenase NAD(P)", NADP-retinol dehydro drogenase, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase genase, D-arabitol-phosphate dehydrogenase, 2,5-diamino (NADP), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reduc (NADP), (+)-borneol dehydrogenase, (S)-usnate reductase, tase, diacetyl reductase (R)-acetoin forming, diacetyl aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH), 7 B-hydroxysteroid reductase (S)-acetoinforming, UDP-glucuronic acid dehy dehydrogenase (NADP), 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase, drogenase (UDP-4-keto-hexauronic acid decarboxylating), , IMP dehydrogenase, tropinone S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase, D-xylose reductase I, (-)-menthol dehydrogenase, (+)-neomenthol reductase, phosphonoacetaldehyde reductase (NADH), sul dehydrogenase, 3 (or 17)a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, fopropanediol 3-dehydrogenase, (S)-sulfolactate dehydroge 3B(or 20C)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, long-chain-3- nase, (S)-1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxy-4-car hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier boxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase, protein reductase (NADH), 3C-hydroxysteroid dehydroge Sulfoacetaldehyde reductase, germacrene Aalcoholdehydro nase (A-specific), 2-dehydropantolactone reductase genase, and 11-cis-); or with a cyto (B-specific), gluconate 2-dehydrogenase, farnesol dehydro chrome as acceptor (including mannitol dehydrogenase (cy genase, benzyl-2-methyl-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, tochrome), L-lactate dehydrogenase (), D-lactate morphine 6-dehydrogenase, dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase, dehydrogenase (cytochrome), D-lactate dehydrogenase (cy 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin 2'-reductase, vomifoliol 4'-dehy tochrome c-553), polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cyto drogenase, (R)-4-hydroxyphenylactate dehydrogenase, chrome), (cytochrome c), and alco isopiperitenol dehydrogenase, mannose-6-phosphate 6-re hol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)); or with oxygen as ductase, , 4-hydroxycyclohexanecar acceptor (including malate , , hexose boxylate dehydrogenase, (-)-borneol dehydrogenase, (+)- oxidase, oxidase, aryl-, L-gulono Sabinol dehydrogenase, diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxoSuccinate lactone oxidase, , , L-Sor reductase, 3C-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase, bose oxidase, pyridoxine 4-oxidase, alcohol oxidase, cat 15-hydroxyprostaglandin-Idehydrogenase (NADP), 15-hy echol oxidase (dimerizing), (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase, droxylicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase, N-acylmannosamine , , secondary-alcohol oxi 1-dehydrogenase, flavanone 4-reductase, 8-oxocoformycin dase, 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase, long-chain-alcohol oxi reductase, tropinone reductase II, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dase, glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, thiamin oxidase, US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 hydroxyphytanate oxidase, , N-acylhex 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP), long-chain-fatty osamine oxidase, polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase, D-arabinono-1, acyl-CoA reductase, (NADP), oxo 4-lactone oxidase, Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase, nucleoside oxi glutarate dehydrogenase (NADP), 4-hydroxyphenylacetal dase (HO-forming), and D-mannitol oxidase, alditol dehyde dehydrogenase, y-guanidinobutyraldehyde oxidase); or with a as acceptor (including vitamin dehydrogenase, , phenylglyoxylate K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) or vitamin-K-ep dehydrogenase (acylating), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)); or with a quinone or dehydrogenase (NAD(P)") (phosphorylating), 5-carboxym similar compound as acceptor (including quinoprotein glu ethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, cose dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-formyl malate dehydrogenase (quinone), alcohol dehydrogenase benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase, 6-oxohexanoate dehydro (quinone), -N, cyclic alcohol dehy genase, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, salicylalde drogenase (quinone), and (quinine)); hyde dehydrogenase, , coniferyl or with other, known, acceptors (including alcohol dehydro , fluoroacetaldehyde genase (aZurin) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (co dehydrogenase, glutamyl-tRNA reductase. Succinyl enzyme-Fo)); or with other acceptors (including choline glutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, erythrose-4-phos dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, glucon phate dehydrogenase, Sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase, ate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor), dehydrogluconate dehydro abietadienal dehydrogenase, malonyl CoA reductase (mal genase, D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase, lactate-malate onate semialdehyde-forming). Succinate-semialdehyde transhydrogenase, pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase (acetylating), 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semi dehydrogenase (acceptor), fructose 5-dehydrogenase, Sor aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP), 2-formylbenzoate dehy bose dehydrogenase, glucoside 3-dehydrogenase, glycolate drogenase, Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase dehydrogenase, cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor), alkan (NADP), long-chain acyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase, 1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor), D- Sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating), and B-apo-4'- (acceptor), glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor), hydroxyacid carotenal ); or with a cytochrome as acceptor (in oxoacid transhydrogenase, 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehy cluding formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome), formate dehy drogenase, (R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin), glu drogenase (cytochrome-c-553), and carbon-monoxide cose-fructose , pyranose dehydrogenase dehydrogenase (cytochrome-b-561)); or with oxygen as (acceptor), 2-oxoacid reductase, (S)-mandelate dehydroge acceptor (including , , nase, L-Sorbose 1-dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase , , pyruvate oxidase (CoA (acceptor), Soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase, acetylating), indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase, pyridoxal oxi NDMA-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, and NDMA-de dase, aryl-aldehyde oxidase, , 4-hydroxyphe pendent methanol dehydrogenase). nylpyruvate oxidase, and abscisic aldehyde oxidase); or with a disulfide as acceptor (including pyruvate dehydrogenase 0078. The oxidoreductases which act on the aldehyde or (acetyl-transferring), oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Succinyl oxo group of donors can include, but are not limited to, those with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (including formate dehy transferring), and 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase drogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD), aldehyde dehy (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)); or with a quinone or simi drogenase (NADP), aldehyde dehydrogenase NAD(P), lar compound as acceptor (including pyruvate dehydrogenase benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP), betaine-aldehyde (quinone)); or with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor (includ dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ing , 2-oxobutyrate synthase, 2-oxoglut (NADP), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating), aspar arate synthase, carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferre tate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phos doxin), aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, glyceraldehyde phate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating), glyceraldehyde-3- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin), 3-methyl-2- phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP) (phosphorylating), oXobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin), indolepyruvate malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Succinate-semialde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and oxalate oxidoreductase); or hyde dehydrogenase NAD(P), glyoxylate dehydrogenase with other acceptors (including carbon-monoxide dehydro (acylating), malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acety genase (acceptor), aldehyde dehydrogenase (pyrroloquino lating), aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, glutarate-semi line-quinone), , formylmethanofu aldehyde dehydrogenase, glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase, dehydrogenase, , and aldehyde lactaldehyde dehydrogenase, 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)). (NAD"), succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD"), 007.9 The oxidoreductases which act on the CH-CH 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating), 2,5-dioxovaler group of donors can include, but are not limited to, those with ate dehydrogenase, methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydro NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (e.g., dihydropyrimidine dehy genase (acylating), benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD"), drogenase (NAD"), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase, aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP"), A-3-oxosteroid 5 (3-reductase, C-reduc (NADP), L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, tase, cucurbitacin Af-reductase, fumarate reductase aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, (R)-dehy (NADH), meso-tartrate dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA dehydro dropantoate dehydrogenase, , genase (NADP), enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase N-acetyl-y-glutamyl-phosphate reductase, phenylacetalde (NADH), enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, hyde dehydrogenase, 3C,7C.12C-trihydroxycholestan-26-al B-specific), 2-coumarate reductase, prephenate dehydroge 26-oxidoreductase, glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydroge nase, (NADP), dihydroorotate nase, hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating), formate dehy dehydrogenase (NAD"), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase drogenase (NADP), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, formalde (NADP), B-nitroacrylate reductase, 3-methyleneoxindole hyde dehydrogenase, 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde reductase, kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, cis-1, dehydrogenase, long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase, 2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase, trans-1,2-dihy US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 drobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase, 7-dehydrocholesterol CoA reductase, and 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase) or reductase, cholestenone 5C-reductase, , with flavin as acceptor (e.g., butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase or 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydro 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase), or with other, known accep genase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, 2-hexadecenal reduc tors (e.g., dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate)), or with tase, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase, other acceptors (e.g., , acyl-CoA cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase, dehydrogenase, 3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase, 3-oxo-5C.- steroid 4-dehydrogenase, 3-oxo-5B-steroid 4-dehydroge progesterone 5C.-reductase, 2-enoate reductase, maleylac nase, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 2-furoyl-CoA dehydro etate reductase, protochlorophyllide reductase, 2,4-dienoyl genase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 2-methylacyl-CoA CoA reductase (NADPH), phosphatidylcholine desaturase, dehydrogenase, long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cyclo geissoschizine dehydrogenase, cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase hexanone dehydrogenase, isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase, (NADPH), trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH), enoyl quinoline 2-oxidoreductase, quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase, acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, A-specific), 2-hy quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase, (R)-benzylsucci droxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate reductase, Xanth nyl-CoA dehydrogenase, coproporphyrinogen dehydroge ommatin reductase, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase, , trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase nase, all-trans-retinol 13.14-reductase, 2-amino-4-deoxy (NAD"), 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase, biochanin-A chorismate dehydrogenase, , all-trans-- reductase, C.-Santonin 1.2-reductase, 15-oxoprostaglandin carotene desaturase, 1-hydroxycarotenoid 3,4-desaturase, 13-oxidase, cis-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol dehydro phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming), phytoene genase, 2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase, 2-methyl-branched desaturase (-carotene-forming), phytoene desaturase (3.4- chain-enoyl-CoA reductase, (3S4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclo didehydrolycopene-forming), and phytoene desaturase (ly -1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase, precorrin copene-forming)). 6A reductase, cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol 0080. The oxidoreductases which act on the CH-NH2 dehydrogenase, , 2,3-dihydroxy-2, group of donors can include, but are not limited to, those with 3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase, dibenzothiophene dihy NAD" Y'" as acceptor (e.g., dehydrogenase, drodiol dehydrogenase, terephthalate 12-cis-dihydrodiol , glutamate dehydrogenase NAD dehydrogenase, pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 2,4-dichlo (P), glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+), L-amino-acid robenzoyl-CoA reductase, phthalate 4.5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, serine 2-dehydrogenase, Valine dehydroge dehydrogenase, 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tet nase (NADP+), , dehydroge rahydroquinoline dehydrogenase, cis-dihydroethylcatechol nase, L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase, 2,4- dehydrogenase, cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3.5- diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase, 1,2-dihydroxy-6-meth (NADPH), glutamate synthase (NADH), lysine dehydroge ylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase, Zeatin nase, diaminopimelate dehydrogenase, N-methylalanine reductase, A'- reductase, A'-sterol reductase, dehydrogenase, lysine 6-dehydrogenase, tryptophan dehy A-sterol reductase, 1,2-dihydrovomilenine reductase, drogenase, phenylalanine dehydrogenase, and aspartate 2-alkenal reductase, divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reduc dehydrogenase), or with a chyochrome as acceptor (e.g. gly tase, precorrin-2 dehydrogenase, , cine dehydrogenase (cytochrome)), or with oxygen as accep arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP), arogenate dehydroge tor (e.g. D-aspartate oxidase, L-amino-acid oxidase, D-amino nase INAD(P)", red chlorophyll catabolite reductase, (+)- acid oxidase, , pyridoxal 5'-phosphate pulegone reductase, (-)-isopiperitenone reductase, gera synthase, D-glutamate oxidase, ethanolamine oxidase, nylgeranyl diphosphate reductase acrylyl-CoA reductase , L-glutamate oxidase, cyclohexylamine (NADPH), crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase, crotonyl oxidase, protein-lysine 6-oxidase, L-lysine oxidase, CoA reductase, 3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1- D-glutamate(D-aspartate) oxidase, L-aspartate oxidase, gly yl)propanoate dehydrogenase, tRNA-dihydrouridine''' cine oxidase, L-lysine 6-oxidase, primary-amine oxidase, synthase NAD(P), tRNA-dihydrouridine47 synthase , and 7-chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase), or with NAD(P), tRNA-dihydrouridine' synthase INAD a disulfide as acceptor (e.g. (decar (P)", and tRNA-dihydrouridine' synthase NAD(P)) or boxylating)), or with a quinine or similar compound as accep with a cytochrome as acceptor, e.g. L-galactonolactone dehy tor (e.g. D- dehydrogenase (quinone)) or with an drogenase, or with oxygen as acceptor (e.g., coproporphy iron-sulfur protein as acceptor (e.g. glutamate synthase rinogen oxidase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, bilirubin oxi (ferredoxin)), or with a protein as acceptor (e.g. dase, acyl-CoA oxidase, dihydrouracil oxidase, methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) and aralkylamine tetrahydroberberine oxidase, , tryp dehydrogenase (aZurin)), and with other acceptors (e.g tophan C.f3-oxidase, pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase, and D-amino-acid dehydrogenase, , and L-galactonolactone oxidase), or with a quinine or related glycine dehydrogenase (-forming)). compound as acceptor (e.g., Succinate dehydrogenase 0081. The oxidoreductases which act on the CH-NH (ubiquinone), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), pro group of donors can include, but are not limited to, those with toporphyrinogen IX dehydrogenase (menaquinone), fuma NAD" or NADP' as acceptor (e.g., pyrroline-2-carboxylate rate reductase (menaquinone), 15-cis-phytoene desaturase, reductase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, dihydrofolate and 9.9'-dicis--carotene desaturase), or with an iron-sulfur reductase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase protein as acceptor (e.g., 6-hydroxynicotinate reductase, (NADP), formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, saccha 15, 16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, phyco ropine dehydrogenase (NAD", L-lysine-forming), saccha erythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, phytochromobilin: ropine dehydrogenase (NADP, L-lysine-forming), saccha ferredoxin oxidoreductase, phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxi ropine dehydrogenase (NAD", L-glutamate-forming). doreductase, phycoerythrobilin synthase, ferredoxin: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP, L-glutamate-form protochlorophyllide reductase (ATP-dependent), benzoyl ing), D-Octopine dehydrogenase, 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase droxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase, preo reductase, and (NAD"), D-lysopine dehydrogenase, alanopine dehydroge reductase INAD(P), nitrous oxide-forming), nase, ephedrine dehydrogenase, D-nopaline dehydrogenase, with a cytochrome as acceptor (e.g. (NO methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase INAD(P)H). A-piperi forming), nitrite reductase (cytochrome; -forming), deine-2-carboxylate reductase, , trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c), nitrous , N-(carboxyethyl)ornithine Syn oxide reductase, and nitric oxide reductase (cytochrome c)), thase, thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase, B-alan with oxygen as acceptor (e.g., , acetylin , 1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase doxyl oxidase, factor-independent urate hydroxylase, (NADPH), opine dehydrogenase, (NADPH), oxidase, and 3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase), berberine reductase, vomilenine reductase, pteridine reduc with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor (e.g. tase, 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase, flavin reductase reductase (quinone) and nitric oxide reductase (NADH), FAD reductase (NADH), FMN reductase (menaquinol)), with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (e.g. (NADPH), FMN reductase NAD(P)H), 8-hydroxy-5-dea nitrite dismutase), with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor (e.g., Zaflavin:NADPH oxidoreductase, riboflavin reductase NAD ferredoxin-nitrite reductase and ferredoxin-nitrate reduc (P)H), and FMN reductase (NADH)), with oxygen as accep tase), and with other acceptors (e.g., hydroxylamine reduc tor (e.g., , N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase, tase, , and ). N-methyl-lysine oxidase, (S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase, I0084. The oxidoreductases which act on a sulfur group of (R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase, L-pipecolate oxidase, dim donors can include, but are not limited to, those with NAD" or ethylglycine oxidase, dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase, NADP' as acceptor (e.g., (NADPH), hypo N-acetylpolyamine oxidase, (propane-1, taurine dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, 2-oxo 3-diamine-forming), N-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane propyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating), , 1,3-diamine-forming), , non-specific glutathione-disulfide reductase, protein-disulfide reductase, polyamine oxidase, and L-saccharopine oxidase), with a dis -disulfide reductase, CoA-, ulfide as acceptor (e.g. pyrimidodiazepine synthase), with a asparagusate reductase, trypanothione-disulfide reductase, quinine or similar compound as acceptor (e.g. electron-trans bis-y-glutamylcystine reductase, CoA-disulfide reductase, ferring- dehydrogenase), with an iron-sulfur pro , glutathione amide reductase, and dim tein as acceptor (e.g. methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ethylsulfone reductase), with a cytochrome as acceptor (e.g., (ferredoxin)), with a flavin as acceptor (e.g. dimethylamine , thiosulfate dehydrogenase Sulfide-cy dehydrogenase, and trimethylamine dehydrogenase), and tochrome-c reductase (flavocytochrome c), and dimethylsul with other acceptors (e.g., , dimeth fide:cytochrome c reductase), with oxygen as acceptor (e.g. ylglycine dehydrogenase, L-pipecolate dehydrogenase, nico , oxidase, , meth tine dehydrogenase, methylglutamate dehydrogenase, sper anethiol oxidase, , and farnesylcys midine dehydrogenase, , teine ), with a disulfide as acceptor (e.g., glutathione methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase, 5.10 homocystine transhydrogenase, protein-disulfide reductase methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase, cytokinin (glutathione), glutathione-CoA-glutathione transhydroge dehydrogenase, and D-proline dehydrogenase). nase, glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase, enzyme-thiol 0082. The oxidoreductases which act on NADH or transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide), phosphoadenylyl NADPH can include, but are not limited to, those with NAD" Sulfate reductase (thioredoxin), adenylyl-sulfate reductase or NADP" as acceptor (e.g., NAD(P) transhydrogenase (glutathione), adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin), pep (B-specific), and NAD(P) transhydrogenase (AB-specific)), tide- (S)-S-oxide reductase, peptide-methionine with a heme protein as acceptor (e.g. cytochrome-bs reduc (R)-S-oxide reductase, L-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase, tase, NADPH-hemoprotein reductase, NADPH-cytochrome and L-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase), with a quinine or c reductase, and reductase), with oxygen as similar compound as acceptor (e.g., glutathione dehydroge acceptor (e.g. NAD(P)H oxidase), with a quinine or similar nase (ascorbate), thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone), dim compound as acceptor (e.g., NAD(P)H dehydrogenase ethylsulfoxide reductase, and Sulfide:Quinone reductase), (quinone), NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H"-translocating), with a nitrogenous group as acceptor, with an iron-sulfur monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH), NADPH: protein as acceptor (e.g. Sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) and quinone reductase, p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH), ferredoxin:), with other, known accep 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase, NADH:ubiquinone tors (e.g. CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase and sulfire reductase (Na'-transporting), NADH:ubiquinone reductase doxin), and with other acceptors (e.g. Sulfite reductase, ade (non-electrogenic), and NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)), nylyl-sulfate reductase, and hydrogensulfite reductase). with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (e.g. trimethylamine-N- I0085. The oxidoreductases which act on a heme group of oxide reductase), with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor, with donors can include, but are not limited to, those with oxygen a flavin as acceptor, and with other acceptors (e.g., NADPH as acceptor (e.g., cytochrome-c oxidase), with a nitrogenous dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, NADH dehydroge group as acceptor (e.g. nitrate reductase (cytochrome)), and nase (quinone)). with other acceptors (e.g. iron-cytochrome-c reductase). 0083. The oxidoreductases which action other nitrogenous I0086. The oxidoreductases which act on diphenols and compounds as donors can include, but are not limited to, those related Substances as donors can include, but are not limited with NAD" or NADP as acceptor (e.g., nitrate reductase to, those with NAD or NADP as acceptor (e.g. trans-acenaph (NADH), nitrate reductase NAD(P)H), nitrate reductase thene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase), with a cytochrome as accep (NADPH), nitrite reductase NAD(P)H), hyponitrite reduc tor (e.g. L-ascorbate-cytochrome-bs reductase and ubiquinol tase, azobenzene reductase, GMP reductase, nitroquinoline cytochrome-c reductase), with oxygen as acceptor (e.g., N-oxide reductase, (NADH), , , L-ascorbate oxidase, o-aminophe 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase, N-hy nol oxidase, 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase, rifamycin-B US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 oxidase, II, (H-transport nase iron(II)-requiring, Sulfur oxygenase/reductase, 1.2- ing), ubiquinol oxidase, and menaquinol oxidase (Hi-trans dihydroxynaphthalene , , porting)), and with other acceptors (e.g., plastoquinol-plas linoleate 9S-, and torulene dioxygenase), with tocyanin reductase, ribosyldihydronicotinamide incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxyge dehydrogenase (quinone), and violaxanthin de-epoxidase). nases or internal mixed function oxidases) (e.g., arginine 0087. The oxidoreductases which act on peroxide as 2-, lysine 2-monooxygenase, tryptophan acceptor can include, but are not limited to, (e.g., 2-monooxygenase, lactate 2-monooxygenase, Renilla-lu NADH , NADPH peroxidase, fatty-acid peroxi ciferin 2-monooxygenase, Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxy dase, cytochrome-c peroxidase, , peroxidase, iodide genase, Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrol peroxidase, , , ysing), Watasenia-luciferin 2-monooxygenase, L-, -hydroperoxide glu phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase, apo-B-carotenoid-14, 13'- tathione peroxidase, peroxidase, peroxi dioxygenase, Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase, 3,4- dase, , , glutathione amide dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase, nitronate dependent peroxidase, bromide peroxidase, dye decolorizing monooxygenase , dichloroarcyriaflavin A synthase, peroxidase, prostamide/prostaglandin F-synthase, catalase dinoflagellate , and 2-oxuglutarate dioxygenase peroxidase) and those with H2O as acceptor, one oxygen (ethylene-forming)), , and tryptophan atom of which is incorporated into the product (e.g. unspe 2'-dioxygenase. cific peroxygenase, , plant seed peroxyge 0090 The oxidoreductases which act on paired donors, nase, and fatty-acid peroxygenase). with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen can 0088. The oxidoreductases which act on hydrogen as include, but are not limited to, those with ascorbate as one donor can include, but are not limited to, those with NAD" or donor, with reduced pteridine as one donor, with 2-oxoglut NADP' as acceptor (e.g., , hydro arate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of gen dehydrogenase (NADP), and hydrogenase (NAD", oxygen into both donors (e.g. Y-butyrobetaine dioxygenase, ferredoxin)), with a cytochrome as acceptor (e.g. cyto procollagen-proline dioxygenase, pyrimidine-deoxynucleo chrome-c hydrogenase), with a quinine or similar compound side 2'-dioxygenase, procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenase, as acceptor (e.g., hydrogen:cquinone oxidoreductase), with an , procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor (e.g. ), trimethyllysine dioxygenase, flavanone 3-dioxygenase, pyri with other known acceptors (e.g., coenzyme Fo hydroge midine-deoxynucleoside 1'-dioxygenase, hyoscyamine (6S)- nase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin hydrogenase, dioxygenase, gibberellin-44 dioxygenase, gibberellin 2B-di and Methanosarcina-phenazine hydrogenase), and with oxygenase, 6B-hydroxyhyoscyamine epoxidase, gibberellin other acceptors (e.g. hydrogenase (acceptor)). 33-dioxygenase, peptide-aspartate B-dioxygenase, taurine 0089. The oxidoreductases which act on single donors dioxygenase, phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, leucocyanidin with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) can oxygenase, deacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase, clavaminate include, but are not limited to, those with incorporation of two synthase, , , 2'-deoxymugi atoms of oxygen (e.g., catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, catechol neic-acid 2'-dioxygenase, mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase, 2,3-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, gentisate deacetoxycephalosporin-C hydroxylase, histone-H3 1.2-dioxygenase, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, 3-hy lysine-36 , proline 3-hydroxylase, hypoxia-in droxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 4,5-di ducible factor-proline dioxygenase, hypoxia-inducible fac oxygenase, 2,5-dihydroxypyridine 5,6-dioxygenase, 7,8-di tor-asparagine dioxygenase , thebaine 6-O-demethylase , hydroxykynurenate 8.8a-dioxygenase, tryptophan 2,3- codeine 3-O-demethylase, DNA oxidative demethylase, and dioxygenase, linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase, ascorbate 2,3- 2-oxoglutarate/L-arginine monooxygenase/decarboxylase dioxygenase, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase, 3,4- (succinate-forming)), with NADH or NADPH as one donor, dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor 3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase, indole 2,3-dioxy (e.g., anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxy genase, , , cys lating), benzene 1,2-dioxygenase, 3-hydroxy-2-methylpy teine dioxygenase, caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase, 2,3-dihydroxy ridinecarboxylate dioxygenase, 5-pyridoxate dioxygenase, indole 2,3-dioxygenase, quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase, 3,4- phthalate 4.5-dioxygenase, 4-sulfobenzoate 3,4-dioxyge dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione nase, 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase, benzoate 1.2- 4.5-dioxygenase, peptide-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, 4-hy dioxygenase, , naphthalene 1,2-dioxy droxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate genase, 2-chlorobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, 2,3-dioxygenase, Stizolobate synthase, stizolobinate Syn 2-aminobenzenesulfonate 2,3-dioxygenase, terephthalate thase, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, arachidonate 15-li 1.2-dioxygenase, 2-hydroxyquinoline 5,6-dioxygenase, poxygenase, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, pyrogallol 1.2- , biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase, 3-phe OXygenase, chloridazon-, nylpropionate dioxygenase , pheophorbide C. oxygenase, hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate benzoyl-CoA 2,3-dioxygenase, and carbazole 1.9a-dioxyge 1.2-dioxygenase, biphenyl-2,3-diol 1.2-dioxygenase, arachi nase), with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorpora donate 8-lipoxygenase, 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone dioxy tion of one atom of oxygen (e.g., salicylate 1-monooxyge genase, lignostilbene CfB-dioxygenase, linoleate diol Syn nase, 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, melilotate thase, linoleate 11-lipoxygenase , 4-hydroxymandelate 3-monooxygenase, imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase, synthase, 3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase, 3-hy orcinol 2-monooxygenase, 2-monooxygenase, flavin droxy-2-methyl-quinolin-4-one 2,4-dioxygenase, chlorite containing monooxygenase, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, O-lyase, acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme, 9-cis-epoxycaro 2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-monooxygenase, trans-cinnamate tenoid dioxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, acireduc 4-monooxygenase, benzoate 4-monooxygenase, calcidiol tone dioxygenase (Ni"-requiring), acireductone dioxyge 1-monooxygenase, trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase, US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase, cyclopentanone nase, tryptophan N-monooxygenase, Vitamin D 24-hy monooxygenase, cholesterol 7C.-monooxygenase, 4-hydrox droxylase, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate hydroxylase, yphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase, taxifolin 8-monooxyge 7-methylxanthine demethylase, B-carotene 3-hydroxylase, nase, 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase, pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase, dimethyl-sulfide 3'-monooxygenase, cyclohexanone monooxygenase, 3-hy monooxygenase , and monooxygenase, with droxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase, 3-hydroxybenzoate reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation 6-monooxygenase, (soluble), of one atom of oxygen (e.g., , phosphatidylcholine 12-monooxygenase, 4-aminobenzoate alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked), alkanesulfonate 1-monooxygenase, 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-monooxy monooxygenase, tryptophan 7-halogenase , anthranilate genase, 4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase, -B 3-monooxygenase (FAD), 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-mo 20-monooxygenase, 2-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase, nooxygenase , and nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase), with albendazole monooxygenase, 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-mo reduced iron-sulfurprotein as one donor, and incorporation of nooxygenase INAD(P)H), leukotriene-E 20-monooxyge one atom of oxygen (e.g., camphor 5-monooxygenase, cam nase, anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating), 5-O-(4- phor 1.2-monooxygenase, alkane 1-monooxygenase, steroid coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase, 11B-monooxygenase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase, methyltetrahydroprotoberberine 14-monooxygenase, anhy cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving), choline drotetracycline monooxygenase, nitric-oxide synthase, monooxygenase , and steroid 15 B-monooxygenase), with anthraniloyl-CoA monooxygenase, N-monooxyge reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom nase, questin monooxygenase, 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-mo of oxygen (e.g., phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase, tyrosine nooxygenase, (-)-menthol monooxygenase, (S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase, anthranilate 3-monooxygenase, tryp 3-monooxygenase, (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase, (S)-li tophan 5-monooxygenase, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, monene 7-monooxygenase, pentachlorophenol monooxyge nase, 6-oxocineole dehydrogenase, isoflavone 3'-hydroxy and mandelate 4-monooxygenase), with reduced ascorbate as lase, 4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase, ketosteroid one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen (e.g., monooxygenase, protopine 6-monooxygenase, dihydrosan 3-monooxygenase, peptidylglycine monooxyge guinarine 10-monooxygenase, dihydrochelirubine 12-mo nase, and aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase), with nooxygenase, benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase, L-lysine another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one 6-monooxygenase (NADPH), 27-hydroxycholesterol atom of oxygen (e.g., monophenol monooxygenase, CMP 7o-monooxygenase, 2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxyge N-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase, and methane nase, 4-hydroxyquinoline 3-monooxygenase, 3-hydroxyphe monooxygenase (particulate)), with oxidation of a pair of nylacetate 6-hydroxylase, 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxy donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two lase, 2-hydroxycyclohexanone 2-monooxygenase, quinine molecules of water (e.g., Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase, acyl 3-monooxygenase, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime acyl-carrier-protein desaturase, linoleoyl-CoA desaturase, monooxygenase, , Sterol 14-dem A-fatty-acid desaturase, A'-fatty-acid desaturase, A ethylase, N-methylcoclaurine 3'-monooxygenase, methyl fatty-acid desaturase, and (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic sterol monooxygenase, tabersonine 16-hydroxylase, acid epoxidase), with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the 7-deoxyloganin 7-hydroxylase, vinorine hydroxylase, taxane other dehydrogenated (e.g. deacetoxycephalosporin-C syn 103-hydroxylase, taxane 13C-hydroxylase, ent-kaurene oxi thase), with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and the other dase, ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase, (R)-limonene 6-monooxy dehydrogenated (e.g., (S)-stylopine synthase, (S)-cheilanthi genase, magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester foline synthase, , salutaridine Syn (oxidative) cyclase, , precorrin-3B thase, (S)-canadine synthase, , biflaviolin synthase, 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase, glyceol synthase, pseudobaptigenin synthase), and others including lin synthase, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase, licodione syn prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, kynurenine 7,8-hy thase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase, , deoxysarpagine hydroxylase, pheny droxylase, , progesterone monooxygenase, lacetone monooxygenase, (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase, steroid 17C-monooxygenase, steroid 21-monooxygenase, lithocholate 6? 8-hydroxylase, 7O-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one estradiol 63-monooxygenase, 4-androstene-3,17-dione 12C-hydroxylase, 5 B-cholestane-3C.7C.-diol 12C.-hydroxy monooxygenase, progesterone 11C.-monooxygenase, lase, taurochenodeoxycholate 6C.-hydroxylase, cholesterol 4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating), 24-hydroxylase, 24-hydroxycholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, plasmanylethanolamine desaturase, phylloquinone 25-hydroxycholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, senecionine N-oxy monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing), Latia-luciferin genase, , 8-dimethylallylmaringenin 2'-hy monooxygenase (demethylating), ecdysone 20-monooxyge droxylase, (+)-menthofuran synthase, monocyclic monoter nase, 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase, steroid 9C.-mo pene ketone monooxygenase, epi-isozizaene nooxygenase, 2-hydroxypyridine 5-monooxygenase, juglone 5-monooxygenase, limonene 1.2-monooxygenase, abietadi 3-monooxygenase, linalool 8-monooxygenase, deoxyhypu ene hydroxylase, abietadienol hydroxylase, geranylgeraniol sine monooxygenase, myristoyl-CoA 11-(E) desaturase, 18-hydroxylase, methanesulfonate monooxygenase, 3-epi myristoyl-CoA 11-(Z) desaturase, A-fatty acid dehydroge 6-deoxocathasterone 23-monooxygenase, FAD-dependent nase, monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase, thiophene-2-carbo urate hydroxylase, 6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase, nyl-CoA monooxygenase, A-carotene 15,15'-monooxyge angelicin synthase, geranylhydroquinone 3'-hydroxylase, nase, taxadiene 5C-hydroxylase, cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, isoleucine N-monooxygenase, Valine N-monooxygenase, , 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole Syn 5-epiaristolochene 1,3-dihydroxylase, , thase, all-trans-8'-apo-B-carotenal 15,15'-oxygenase, Zeax premnaspirodiene oxygenase, chlorophyllide-Coxygenase, anthin 7,8-dioxygenase, B-amyrin 24-hydroxylase, diapoly , phenylalanine N-monooxyge copene oxygenase, and caroteine e-monooxygenase. US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

0091. The oxidoreductases which act on superoxide as 0098. The oxidoreductases which act on halogen in donors acceptor can include, but are not limited to, Superoxide dis can include, but are not limited to, those with NAD" or and . NADP' as acceptor (e.g. iodotyrosine ). 0092. The oxidoreductases which act on metal ions can 0099. Other oxidoreductases can include, but are not lim include, but are not limited to, those with NAD" or NADP as ited to, , pyrogallol hydroxyltransferase, acceptor (e.g., mercury(II) reductase, diferric- Sulfur reductase, formate-C-acetyltransferase activating reductase, aquacobalamin reductase, cob(II)alamin reduc enzyme, tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase, selenate tase, aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH), cyanocobalamin reductase, thyroxine 5'-deiodinase, thyroxine 5-deiodinase, reductase (cyanide-eliminating), ferric-chelate reductase and ). (NADH), reductase, and ferric-chelate 0100 Suitable oxidoreductases include various sugar oxi reductase (NADPH)), with oxygen as acceptor (e.g., ferroxi dases, , peroxidases and . dase), with quinone or similar compound as acceptor (e.g. 0101 ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)), with flavin as 0102 Glycosylases include glycosidases, i.e. enzymes acceptor (e.g. cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase), with hydrolyzing O- and S-glycosyl compounds, including but not other acceptors (e.g. iron:rusticyanin reductase). limited to C-, B-amylase, glucan 1,4-O-glucosidase, 0093. The oxidoreductases which act on CH or CH, , endo-1.3(4)-62 -glucanase, , endo-1,4-B- groups can include, but are not limited to, those with NAD" or , oligo-1,6-glucosidase, , , NADP" as acceptor (e.g., CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose , , exo-O-Sialidase, a-glucosi reductase, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate dase, B-glucosidase, C.-galactosidase, B-galactosidase, reductase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, dehydro C-, B-mannosidase, B-fructofuranosidase, C.C.- genase, and ), with a cytochrome as , B-glucuronidase, endo-1,3-B-Xylanase, amylo-16 acceptor (e.g. nicotinate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)), with glucosidase, hyaluronoglucosaminidase, hyaluronoglucu oxygen as acceptor (e.g., pteridine oxidase, , ronidase, Xylan 1,4-B-Xylosidase, 3-D-fucosidase, glucan and 6-hydroxynicotinate dehydrogenase), with a disulfide as endo-1,3-B-D-glucosidase, C-L-rhamnosidase, , acceptor (e.g., ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase, and GDP-glucosidase, B-L-rhamnosidase, , glucosyl ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase), with a quinine or , , galactosylgalactosylglu similar compound as acceptor (e.g., phenylacetyl-CoA dehy cosylceramidase, Sucrose C-glucosidase, Cl-N-acetylgalac drogenase and dehydrogenase), with an iron-sulfur tosaminidase, Cl-N-acetylglucosaminidase, C-L-fucosidase, protein as acceptor (e.g., (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl B-L-N-acetylhexosaminidase, B-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, diphosphate synthase), and with other acceptors (e.g., 4-me , Cl-N-arabinofuranosidase, glucurono thylphenol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating), ethylbenzene syl-disulfoglucosamine glucuronidase, , glu hydroxylase, 3C.7C.12C.-trihydroxy-5B-cholestanoyl-CoA can 1.3-3-glucosidase, glucan endo-1,3-O-glucosidase, glu 24-hydroxylase, uracil/thymine dehydrogenase, and bile Ca 1,4-O-maltotetraohydrolase, , acid 7o-dehydroxylase). , 1.2-O-L-fucosidase, 2,6-B-fructan 6-le Vanbiohydrolase, , quercitrinase, galacturan 1,4-O- 0094. The oxidoreductases which act on iron-sulfur pro galacturonidase, , glucan 1,6-O-glucosidase, glu teins as donors can include, but are not limited to, those with can endo-1,2-3-glucosidase, Xylan 1,3-B-Xylosidase, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (e.g., rubredoxin-NAD"reduc licheninase, glucan 1.4-3-glucosidase, glucan endo-1,6-(B- tase, ferredoxin-NADP" reductase, ferredoxin-NAD+ reduc glucosidase, L-, mannan 1.2-(1,3)-O-mannosi tase, and rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase), with Has accep dase, mannan endo-1,4-B-mannosidase, fructan B-fructosi tor, and with dinitrogen as acceptor (e.g., ). dase, f-, exo-poly-O-galacturonosidase, 0.095 The oxidoreductases which act on reduced fla K-carrageenase, glucan 1.3-O-glucosidase, 6-phospho-B-ga Vodoxin as donor can include, but are not limited to, those lactosidase, 6-phospho-B-glucosidase, capsular-polysaccha with dinitrogen as acceptor (e.g., nitrogenase (flavodoxin)). ride endo-1,3-O-galactosidase, B-L-arabinosidase, ara binogalactan endo-1,4-B-galactosidase, cellulose 1,4-B- 0096. The oxidoreductases which act on phosphorus or cellobiosidase (non-reducing end), peptidoglycan B-N- arsenic in donors can include, but are not limited to, those acetylmuramidase, C.C.-phosphotrehalase, glucan 1,6-O- with NAD(P) as acceptor (e.g. phosphonate dehydroge isomaltosidase, dextran 1,6-O-isomaltotriosidase, mannosyl nase), with a cytochrome as acceptor (e.g., arsenate reductase endo-3-N-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-C-N- (cytochrome c)), with disulfide as acceptor (e.g., arsenate acetylgalactosaminidase, glucan 1,4-O-maltohexaosidase, reductase (), methylarsonate reductase, and arabinan endo-1,5-O-L-arabinanase, mannan 1,4-mannobio mycoredoxin), with a copper protein as acceptor (e.g. arsen sidase, mannan endo-1,6-O-mannosidase, blood-group-Sub ate reductase (aZurin)), and with other acceptors (e.g. arsenate stance endo-1,4-3-galactosidase, keratan-sulfate endo-1,4-3- reductase (donor)). galactosidase, steryl-3-glucosidase, strictosidine 0097. The oxidoreductases which act on X Hand Y H B-glucosidase, mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase, pro to form an X Y bond can include, but are not limited to, tein-glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine glucosidase, , those with oxygen as acceptor (e.g., isopenicillin-N Synthase, endogalactosaminidase, 1.3-O-L-fucosidase, 2-deoxyglu columbamine oxidase, , Sulochrin oxidase cosidase, mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1.2-C.-mannosidase, (+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming, Sulochrin oxidase (-)- mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-O-mannosidase, bisdechlorogeodin-forming, and ), with branched-dextran exo-1,2-O-glucosidase, glucan 1,4-O-mal a disulfide as acceptor (e.g., D-proline reductase (dithiol), totriohydrolase, amygdalin B-glucosidase, prunasin 13-glu , sarcosine reductase, and betaine reduc cosidase, vicianin B-glucosidase, oligoxyloglucan B-glycosi tase), and with other acceptors (e.g., B-cyclopiaZonate dehy dase, polymannuronate , maltose-6-phosphate drogenase). glucosidase, , 3-deoxy-2-octu US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 losonidase, raucaffricine B-glucosidase, coniferin B-glucosi glycosylases, including glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolys dase, 1,6-O-L-fucosidase, glycyrrhizinate B-glucuronidase, ing O- and S-glycosyl compounds, for example amylases endo-O-Sialidase, glycoprotein endo-C.-1.2-mannosidase, (including alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, and isoamylase), Xylan C-12-glucuronosidase, , glucan 1,4-O- cellulases, and mannanases. maltohydrolase, difructose-anhydride synthase, neopullula 0107 Suitable lipases and include those of bac nase, glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-B-Xylanase, mannan terial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engi exo-1,2-1,6-O-mannosidase, C-glucuronidase, lacto-N-bio neered mutants are included. Examples include from sidase, 4-O-D-(1->4)-C-D-glucano trehalose trehalohy Thermomyces, e.g., from T. lanuginosus (previously named drolase, , poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, Humicola lanuginosa) as described in EP 258 068 (and U.S. 3-deoxyoctulosonase, galactan 1,3-B-galactosidase, B-ga Pat. No. 4,810.414) and EP 305 216 (and U.S. Pat. Nos. lactofuranosidase, thioglucosidase, B-primeverosidase, oli 5,766,912; 5,874,558; 5,965,384; 7,517,668; 5,536,661 and goXyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase, 5,863,759), from Humicola, e.g. H. insolens as Xyloglucan-specific endo-B-1,4-glucanase, mannosylglyco described in WO96/13580, a Pseudomonas lipase, e.g., from protein endo-B-mannosidase, fructan B-(2,1)-fructosidase, Palcaligenes or P. pseudoalcaligenes (EP218272, U.S. Pat. fructan B-(2,6)-fructosidase, Xyloglucan-specific exo-f-1,4- Nos. 5,766,912; 5,863,759; 5,874,558; 5,965,384; 7,517,668 glucanase, oligosaccharide reducing-end Xylanase, T-carrag and 5,536,661), P. cepacia (EP 331376 and U.S. Pat. No. eenase, C.-agarase, C.-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase, 5,290,694), P Stutzeri (GB 1,372,034), P. fluorescens, B-apiosyl-3-glucosidase, w-carrageenase, 1,6-O-D-mannosi Pseudomonas sp. strain SD 705 (WO95/06720, U.S. Pat. No. dase, galactan endo-1,6-B-galactosidase, exo-1,4-B-D-glu 5,827,718, WO 96/27002, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,431), P cosaminidase, , baicalin-B-D-glucuronidase, hes wisconsinensis (WO 96/12012), a Bacillus lipase, e.g., from peridin 6-O-O-L-rhamnosyl-B-D-glucosidase, protein B. subtilis (Dartois et al., 1993, Biochemica et Biophysica O-GlcNAcase, mannosylglycerate hydrolase, rhamnogalac Acta, 1131: 253-360), B. Stearothermophilus (JP 64/744992) turonan hydrolase, unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydro or B. pumilus (WO 91/16422 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,427.936). lase, rhamnogalacturonan galacturonohydrolase, rhamnoga Other examples are lipase variants such as those described in lacturonan rhamnohydrolase, B-D-glucopyranosyl abscisate WO92/05249, WO 94/01541, EP 407 225, EP 260105, WO B-glucosidase, cellulose 1,4-B-cellobiosidase (reducing end), 95/35381, WO 96/00292, WO95/30744, WO 94/25578, WO C-D-Xyloside Xylohydrolase, and B-porphyranase. 95/14783, WO95/22615, WO 97/04079, WO 97/07202, WO 0103 Glycosylases also include hydrolyzing N-glycosyl 00/060063, WO2007/087508, WO 2009/109500 and U.S. compounds, including but not limited to , Pat. Nos. 5,892,013:5,869,438; 5,976,855; 6,020, 180; 6,074, , , AMP nucleosi 863; 5,658,871; 4,760,025; 5,155,033; 5,182,204; 5,185,258: dase, NAD" nucleosidase, NAD(P) nucleosidase, adenosine 5,204,015; 5,244,791; 5,264,366; 5,310,675; 5,316,941: nucleosidase, ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase, adenosylho 5,346,823: 5,352,594; 5,371,008; 5,371,190; 5,411,873; mocysteine nucleosidase, pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosi 5,441,882; 5,472,855; 5,652,136; 5,700,676; 5,763,257; dase, B-aspartyl-N-acetylglucosaminidase, inosinate nucle 5,801,038; 5,939,315; 5,955,340; 5,972,682; 6,465,235; and osidase, 1-methyladenosine nucleosidase, NMN RE34,606. Preferred commercially available lipase enzymes nucleosidase, DNA-deoxyinosine , methylthio include LipolaseTM, Lipolase UltraTM, and LipexTM: , deoxyribodipyrimidine endonucle LecitaseTM, LipolexTM: LipocleanTM, LipoprimeTM (No osidase, ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase, DNA-3-methylad vozymes A/S). Other commercially available lipases include enine glycosylase I, DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II, Lumafast (Genencor Int Inc); Lipomax, M1 Lipase (Gist rRNA N-glycosylase, DNA-formamidopyrimidine glycosy Brocades/Genencor Int Inc), and Bacillus sp lipase from lase, ADP-ribosyl-dinitrogen reductase hydrolase, N-me Solvay. thyl nucleosidase, , uracil-DNA glycosy 0.108 Suitable amylases (C. and/or B) include those of lase, double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase, and thymine bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein DNA glycosylase, and hydrolyzing S-glycosyl compounds. engineered mutants are included. Amylases include, for 0104 Hydrolases example, C.-amylases obtained from Bacillus, e.g., a special 0105 Hydrolases of EC 3 include, but are not limited to: strain of Bacillus licheniformis, described in more detail in those acting on ester bonds; glycosylases, those acting on GB 1.296,839. Examples of useful amylases are the variants ether bonds; those acting on peptide bonds (peptidases/pro described in WO 94/02597, WO 94/18314, WO 96/23873, teases); those acting on carbon- bonds, other than WO 97/43424, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,824,532; 5,849,549; 6,297, peptide bonds; those acting on acid anhydrides; those acting 037; 6,093,562; 6,297,038; 6,867,031; and US Publication on carbon-carbon bonds; those acting on halide bonds; those Nos. 2002/0098.996; 2003/0064908; 2004/0253676; 2005/ acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds; those acting on Sulfur 0059131; 2005/0250664; 2006/0035323; 2009/0280527; nitrogen bonds; those acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds; 2010/0099597; 2010/0099598; and 2011/0177990, espe those acting on Sulfur-sulfur bonds; and those acting on car cially the variants with substitutions in one or more of the bon-sulfur bonds. following positions: 15, 23, 105, 106, 124, 128, 133, 154, 0106 The hydrolases of EC 3 which act on ester bonds, 156, 181, 188, 190, 197, 202, 208, 209, 243, 264,304, 305, can include, but are not limited to, carboxylic ester hydrolases 391, 408, and 444. Commercially available amylases are (for example lipases including , phos DuramylTM, TermamylTM, FungamylTM, NatalaseTM and pholipase A, phospholipase A, , acylg BANTM (Novozymes A/S), RapidaseTM and PurastarTM (from lycerollipase, , lipase; and phospho Genencor International Inc.). ric diester hydrolases including phosphlipase C, 0.109 Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fun , phosphoinositide . glyco gal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered Sylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D, and N-acetylphos mutants are included. Suitable cellulases include cellulases phatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D) and from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 15

Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g., the fungal cellulases (including acylaminoacyl-peptidase, peptidyl-glycinami produced from Humicola insolens, Myceliophthora thermo dase, pyroglutamyl-peptidase I, beta-aspartyl-peptidase, phila and Fusarium oxysporum disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. pyroglutamyl-peptidase II, N-formylmethionyl-peptidase, 4,435,307; 5,648,263; 5,691.178; 5,776,757 and WO gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-di 89/09259. Especially suitable cellulases are the alkaline or aminopimelate peptidase I, and ); neutral cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of serine (including , chymot such cellulases are cellulases described in EP 0495 257, EP rypsin C, , , , factor Xa, 0.531372, WO 96/11262, WO 96/29397, WO 98/08940, U.S. , , , alpha-Lytic endopepti Pat. Nos. 5,520,838; 5,443,750; 5,668,073; 5,948,672; 6,423, dase, glutamyl , G, coagulation fac 524; 5,919,691; 6,071,735; 6,001,639; 6,387,690; 6,855,531; tor VIIa, coagulation factor IXa, cucumisin, prolyl oligopep 7,226,773; and US Publication Nos. 2001/0036910; 2003/ tidase, coagulation factor XIa, brachyuran, plasma , 01 19167; 2003/0054539; 2005/0070003; 2008/0145912; and tissue kallikrein, pancreatic , leukocyte elastase, 2010/0107342. Other examples are cellulase variants such as coagulation factor XIIa, , complement Subcompo those described in WO 94/07998, EP O 531 315, WO nent C", complement subcomponent C. classical-comple 95/24471, WO 98/12307, PCT/DK98/00299, U.S. Pat. Nos. ment-pathway C3/C5 convertase, , 5,457,046; 5,686,593; 5,763,254; 5,792,641; 6,114,296; complement , alternative-complement-pathway 5,457,046; 5,912,157; 6,117,664; 7,993,898; 8,017,372; and C3/C5 convertase, cerevisin, hypodermin C, lysyl endopep US Publication Nos. 2003/0092097: 2005/0009166; 2008/ tidase, endopeptidase La, gamma-, Venombin AB, 0206836; 2009/0170747 and 2011/0250674. Commercially leucyl endopeptidase, , Scutelarin, , , available cellulases include CelluzymeTM, and CarezymeTM , peptidase K, thermomycolin, , endopepti (Novozymes A/S), ClazinaseTM, and Puradax HATM (Genen dase So, t-, (activated), pan cor International Inc.), and KAC-500(B)TM (Kao Corpora creatic endopeptidase E, II, IgA-specific tion). serine endopeptidase, u-plasminogen activator, , 0110 Peptidases/Proteases , , , A, granzyme 0111. The hydrolases of EC 3 which act on peptide bonds B, Streptogrisin A, . glutamyl endopeptidase II (peptidases/proteases) can include, but are not limited to ami B, limulus clotting factor C. limulus clotting nopeptidases (including leucyl , membrane factor B, limulus clotting enzyme, repressor Lex A, signal alanyl aminopeptidase, cystinyl aminopeptidase, tripeptide peptidase I, togavirin, , , propro aminopeptidase, prolylaminopeptidase, arginyl aminopepti tein convertase 1, 2, Snake fac dase, glutamyl aminopeptidase, Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase, tor V activator, , assembling, , sper bacterial , clostridial aminopeptidase, mosin, , Xanthomonalisin, C-terminal processing cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase, lysyl aminopeptidase, Xaa peptidase, physarolisin, mannan-binding lectin-associated Trp aminopeptidase, tryptophanyl aminopeptidase, methio serine -2, , , . nyl aminopeptidase, D-stereo specific aminopeptidase, ami Htra 2 peptidase, , , aqualysin 1, nopeptidase Ey, , . site-1 protease, pestivirus NS3 polyprotein peptidase, equine PepBaminopeptidase, , beta-peptidyl ami arterivirus serine peptidase, infectious pancreatic necrosis nopeptidase, and intermediate cleaving peptidase 55); dipep birnavirus Vp4 peptidase, SpoIVB peptidase, stratum cor tidases (including Xaa-Arg . Xaa-methyl-His neum chymotryptic enzyme, , , and dipeptidase, Glu-Glu dipeptidase, Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, Met ); endopeptidases(including , Xaa dipeptidase, non-stereospecific dipeptidase, cytosol non , , , , , Strepto specific dipeptidase, , beta-Ala-His pain, , , . cathepsin T. glycyl dipeptidase, dipeptidase E, and D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidase); endopeptidase, , , picornain Dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases (including 3C, picornain 2A, , , stem , fruit dipeptidyl-peptidase I, dipeptidyl-peptidase II, dipeptidyl bromelain, legumain, histolysain, caspase-1, R, peptidase III, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV. dipeptidyl-dipepti , , , . dase, tripeptidyl-peptidase I, tripeptidyl-peptidase II, Xaa , , nuclear-inclusion-a endopeptidase, Pro dipeptidyl-peptidase, and prolyltripeptidyl helper-component proteinase, L-peptidase, , sta aminopeptidase); peptidyl- (including peptidyl phopain, , V-cath endopeptidase, , dipeptidase A, peptidyl-dipeptidase B, peptidyl-, calpain-2, calpain-3, caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-4, Dcp, and ); serine-type carboxypeptidases caspase-5, caspase-6, caspase-7, caspase-8, caspase-9, (including lysosomal Pro-Xaa carboxypeptidase, serine-type caspase-10, caspase-11, (mite), calicivirin, Zingi D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase, , and pain, Ulpl peptidase, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, ); metallocarboxypeptidases (including , and ); aspartic endopeptidases (including , , lysine carboxypep A, , gastricsin, , , nepen tidase, Gly-Xaa carboxypeptidase, alanine carboxypepti thesin, renin, HIV-1 retropepsin, Pro-opiomelanocortin con dase, muramoylpentapeptide carboxypeptidase, carboxypep Verting enzyme, , aspergillopepsin II, peni tidase E, glutamate carboxypeptidase, . cillopepsin, , , , muramoyltetrapeptide carboxypeptidase, Zinc D-Ala-D-Ala candidapep sin, , rhodotorulapepsin, acrocy carboxypeptidase, , membrane Pro-Xaa lindropepsin, , pycnoporopepsin, Scytali carboxypeptidase, tubulinyl-Tyr carboxypeptidase, carbox dopepsin A, Scytalidopepsin B, , barrierpepsin, ypeptidase T. carboxypeptidase Taq, , II, , plasmepsin II, phytepsin, glutamate carboxypeptidase II, metallocarboxypeptidase D. , , , nodavirus endopep and -converting enzyme 2); ccysteine-type car tidase, memapsin 1, memapsin 2, HIV-2 retropepsin, plasmi boxypeptidases, including ; omega peptidases nogen activator Pla, omptin, human endogenous retrovirus K US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

endopeptidase, and HycI peptidase); or animal sources. In one type of embodiment, a mixture of (including , microbial , leucolysin, two or more enzymes will come from at least two different , , , IgA-specific types of sources. For example, a mixture of protease and , procollagen N-endopeptidase, thimet lipase can come from a bacterial (protease) and fungal (li oligopeptidase, , Stromelysin 1, , procol pase) sources. lagen C-endopeptidase, peptidyl-Lys metalloendopeptidase, 0115 Optionally, an enzyme for use herein, including but , , matrilysin, A, , not limited to any enzyme class or member described herein, , , , , coccol is one which works in alkaline pH conditions, e.g. for use in ysin, , B-lytic metalloendopeptidase, peptidyl-Asp detergent applications including laundry detergent and/or metalloendopeptidase, , . dish detergent, e.g. a pH in a range of about 8 to about 11. , , gametolysin, , Optionally, an enzyme for use herein, including but not lim , atrolysin B, . , , ited to any enzyme class or member described herein, is one atrolysin F, , horrilysin, ruberlysin, , which works in a temperature in a range of about 5° C. to bothrolysin, ophiolysin, trimerelysin I, trimerelysin II, about 45° C. mucrolysin, , , O-Sialoglycoprotein 0116 Oils other than fragrances can include flavorants and endopeptidase, russellysin, mitochondrial intermediate pep colorants. tidase, dactylysin, , magnolysin, , mito 0117. In one class of embodiments the active agent com chondrial processing peptidase, , chori prises a flavor or combination of flavors. Suitable flavors olysin L, , tentoxilysin, bontoxilysin, include but are not limited to, spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil , endothelin-converting enzyme, , of wintergreen (methylsalicylate), peppermint oils, and Syn , , , , Snapalysin, thetic and natural fruit flavors, including citrus oils. , pappalysin-1, membrane-type matrix 0118. In some embodiments, the active agent may be a -1, ADAM10 endopeptidase, ADAMTS-4 colorant or combination of colorants. Examples of Suitable endopeptidase, anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase, Ste24 colorants include food colorings, caramel, paprika, cinna endopeptidase, S2P endopeptidase, ADAM 17 endopepti mon, and saffron. Other examples of suitable colorants can be dase, and ADAMTS13 endopeptidase); and threonine found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,789, hereby incorporated by endopeptidases (including proteasome endopeptidase com reference in its entirety. plex and Hs 1U-Hs 1V peptidase). 0119) Another class of embodiments include one or more 0112 Suitable proteases include those of animal, veg odor absorbers as active agents. Suitable odor absorbers for etable or microbial origin. Microbial origin is preferred. use as active agents according to the disclosure include, but Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are are not limited to. Zeolites, and complex Zinc salts of ricino included. The protease may be a or a metal leic acid. The odor absorbing active agent can also comprise loprotease, preferably an alkaline microbial protease or a fixatives that are well known in the art as largely odor-neutral trypsin-like protease. Examples of alkaline proteases are Sub fragrances, including but not limited to extracts of labdanum, tilisins, especially those derived from Bacillus, e.g., Subtilisin styrax, and derivatives of abietic acid. Novo, subtilisin Carlsberg, subtilisin 309, subtilisin 147 and 0.120. Another class of embodiments include one or more subtilisin 168 (described in WO 89/06279, U.S. Pat. Nos. fragrances as active agents. As used herein, the term fragrance 6,506,589; 6,808,913; 6,835,821; and US Publication Nos. refers to any applicable material that is sufficiently volatile to 2003/01484.95: 2003/0175933; 2003/0186378 and 2005/ produce a scent. Embodiments including fragrances as active 0003986). Examples of trypsin-like proteases are trypsin agents can include fragrances that are scents pleasurable to (e.g., of porcine or bovine origin) and the Fusarium protease humans, or alternatively fragrances that are scents repellant to described in WO 89/06270, WO94/25583, and U.S. Pat. Nos. humans, animals, and/or insects. Suitable fragrances include, 5,288,627 and 5,693,520. Examples of useful proteases are but are not limited to, fruits including, but not limited to, the variants described in WO92/19729, WO 98/20115, WO lemon, apple, cherry, grape, pear, pineapple, orange, Straw 98/20116, WO 98/34946, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,858,757: berry, raspberry, musk and flower scents including, but not 6,300,116; 7,098,017; 6,159,731; and US Publication No. limited to, lavender-like, rose-like, iris-like and carnation 2002/0102702, especially the variants with substitutions in like. Optionally the fragrance is one which is not also a one or more of the following positions: 27, 36, 57, 76, 87.97, flavoring. Other fragrances include herbal scents including, 101, 104, 120, 123, 167, 170, 194, 206, 218, 222, 224, 235, but not limited to, rosemary, thyme, and sage; and woodland and 274. Preferred commercially available protease enzymes scents derived from pine, spruce and other forest Smells. include AlcalaseTM, SavinaseTM, PrimaseTM, DuralaseTM, Fragrances may also be derived from various oils, including, EsperaseTM, and KannaseTM (Novozymes A/S), MaxataseTM, but not limited to, essential oils, or from plant materials MaxacalTM, MaxapemTM ProperaseTM, PurafectTM, Purafect including, but not limited to, peppermint, spearmint and the OxPTM, FN2TM, and FN3TML(Genencor International Inc.) like. Suitable fragrant oils can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 0113. Enzymes for use in laundry and dishwashing appli 6,458,754, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. cations can include one or more of protease, amylase, lipase, Suitable fragrant oils include, but are not limited to, 4-(2.2, dehydrogenase, , , cellulase, mannanase, 6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)-2-en-4-one, acetaldehyde phe peptidase, decarboxylase, , mutase, synthetase, nyletheyl propyl acetal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenal, hex synthase, and oxido-reductase enzymes, including oxido-re anoic acid 2-propenyl ester, 1-octen-3-ol, trans-anethole, iso ductase enzymes that catalyze the formation of bleaching buthyl (Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, anisaldehyde diethyl agents. acetal, 3-methyl-5-propyl-cyclohezen-1-one, 2,4-dimethyl 0114. It is contemplated that an enzyme for use in a pow 3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde, trans-4-decenal, decanal, der described herein can come from any Suitable source or 2-pentylcyclopentanone, ethyl anthranilate, eugenol, 3-(3- combination of Sources, for example bacterial, fungal, plant, isopropylphenyl)butanoal, methyl 2-octynoate, isoeugenol, US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 cis-3-hexenyl methyl carbonate, linalool, methyl-2-nonynon hydrate salts including, but not limited to, perborate, percar ate, benzoic acid 2-hydroxymethyl ester, nonal, octanal, bonate, perphosphate, persulfate and persilicate salts. The 2-nonennitrile, 4-nonanolide, 9-decen-1-ol, and 10-undecen inorganic perhydrate salts are normally the alkali metal salts. 1-al. Applicable fragrances can also be found in U.S. Pat. Alkali metal percarbonates, particularly sodium percarbonate Nos. 4,534,981, 5,112,688, 5,145,842, 6,844,302 and Per are Suitable perhydrates for use herein. Organic bleaches can fumes Cosmetics and Soaps, Second Edition, edited by W. A. include organic peroxyacids including diacyl and tetraacylp Poucher, 1959, all hereby incorporated by reference in their eroxides, especially, but not limited to, diperoxydode entireties. These fragrances include acacia, cassie, chypre. canedioc acid, diperoxytetradecanedioc acid, and diperoxy cyclamen, fern, gardenia, hawthorn, heliotrope, honeysuckle, hexadecanedioc acid. Dibenzoyl peroxide is a suitable hyacinth, jasmine, lilac, lily, magnolia, mimosa, narcissus, organic peroxyacid according to the disclosure. Other organic freshly-cut hay, orange blossom, orchids, reseda, Sweet pea, bleaches include the peroxy acids, particular examples being trefle, tuberose, vanilla, violet, wallflower, and the like. the alkylperoxy acids and the arylperoxy acids. 0121 Applicable insect repellant fragrances include one 0128. In one class of embodiments, active agents can com or more of dichlorvos, pyrethrin, allethrin, naled and/or prise bleach activators, including organic peracid precursors fenthion pesticides disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,064. that enhance the bleaching action in the course of cleaning at incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Suitable temperatures of 60° C. and below. Bleach activators suitable insect repellants are citronellal (3,7-dimethyl-6-octanal), for use herein include compounds which, under perhydroly N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), Vanillin, and the sis conditions, give aliphatic peroXoycarboxylic acids having Volatile oils extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), kaffir from 1 to 10 carbonatoms, or from 2 to 4 carbonatoms, and/or lime (Citrus hystrix), citronella grass (Cymbopogon winteri optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances anus) and hairy basil (Ocimum americanum). Moreover, bear O-acyl and/or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon applicable insect repellants can be mixtures of insect repel atoms specified and/or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. lants. Suitable substances include, but are not limited to, polyacy 0122. In one class of embodiments, the active agents lated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenedi according to the disclosure can comprise one or more pesti amine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular cides. Suitable pesticides may include, but are not limited to, 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), insecticides, herbicides, acaricides, fungicides, and lar acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril vacides. (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (0123. Another class of embodiments include one or more (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl fertilizers as active agents. As used herein, the term fertilizer or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n-or iso-NOBS), car applies to any applicable material that releases one or more of boxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Sul polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol fur, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran and also tri or zinc. Suitable fertilizers include, but are not limited to ethylacetylcitrate (TEAC). Zeolites. For example, clinoptilolite is a zeolite that releases I0129. In embodiments that comprise fabric softeners as potassium and can also release nitrogen when preloaded with active agents, various through-the-wash fabric Softeners, ammonium especially the impalpable smectite clays of U.S. Pat. No. 0.124 One class of embodiments comprise acid catalysts 4.062,647, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, as as active agents. As used herein, the term acid catalysts refers well as other softener clays known in the art, can optionally be to any species that serves as a proton Source, thereby facili used to provide fabric softener benefits concurrently with tating a . In one type of embodiment, the fabric cleaning. Clay softeners can be used in combination acid catalyst will be a non-oxidizing organic acid. A Suitable with amine and cationic softeners as disclosed, for example, organic acid is para-toluenesulfonic acid. In some embodi in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,375,416 and 4.291,071, incorporated ments, active agents that are acid catalysts will facilitate herein by reference in their entireties. reactions including, but not limited to, acetalization, esterifi 0.130 Active agents may be solids or liquids. Active agents cation or transesterification. Additional acid catalyzed reac that are solids can have an average particle size of at least tions are well known in the art. about 0.01 Bm, or a size in a range of about 0.01 Bm to about 0.125. In one class of embodiments, active agents will 2 mm, for example. Liquid active agents may be mixed with include metal catalysts. These catalysts mediate reactions a carrier powder directly or microencapsulated. In embodi including, but not limited to, oxidation or reduction, hydro ments that comprise a carrierpowder, the average particle size genation, carbonylation, C-H bond activation, and bleaching. of the carrier powder can be at least about 0.01 Bm, or in a Suitable for use as metal catalysts include, but are not range of about 0.01 Bn to about 2 mm, for example. In limited to the VIIIA and IB transition metals, for example, embodiments that comprise the microencapsulation of the iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, active agent, the particle size of the solid active agent or silver, osmium, gold and iridium The metal that mediates carrier powder, that has active agent adsorbed, need only be can be of any Suitable oxidation state. Sufficiently Small enough to enable it to be microencapsu 0126. In alternative embodiments, the active agent may lated. In coating powders according to the disclosure, the optionally be an ion Scavenger. Suitable ion scavengers active agent can be present in the coating powder in an include, but are not limited to, zeolites. Optionally, zeolites amount of at least about 1 wt %, or in a range of about 1 wt % can be added to water-soluble packets comprising laundry to about 99 wt %. detergents or dish washing detergents enclosed within, as a I0131. In one class of embodiments the active agent is water softener. encapsulated, allowing for the controlled release of the active 0127. Inorganic and organic bleaches are suitable cleaning agent. Suitable microcapsules can include or be made from active agents for use herein. Inorganic bleaches include per one or more of melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

formaldehyde, chitosan, polymethyl methacrylate, polysty or more of the group including, but not limited to, mono-and rene, polysulfone, polytetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, co-polyesters of the lactic, glycolic, and B-hydroxybutyric starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulo se, acids, as well as 6-Valerolactone and E-caprolactones. hydroxyethylcellulo se, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, Examples of microcapsules that utilize a biodegradation polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyeth release mechanism can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,096, ylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly (ethylenevinyl herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. acetate), cellulose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactideco-gly 0.138 Suitable microcapsules for use in embodiments that collide), paraffin, carnauba, Spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, include a melt release mechanism can include one or more of Stearyl alcohol, glyceryl Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate the group including, but not limited to, polystyrene, polysul phthalate, Zein, and combinations thereof. In one type of fone paraffin, carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, embodiment, the microcapsule is characterized by a mean Stearyl alcohol, and glyceryl Stearates. particle size of at least about 0.1 micron, or in a range of about 0.139 Suitable microcapsules for use in embodiments that 0.1 micron to about 200 microns, for example. In alternate include a pH-triggered release mechanism can include one or embodiments, the microcapsules can form agglomerates of more of the group including, but not limited to, shellac, cel individual particles, for example wherein the individual par lulose acetate phthalate, Zein, and chitosan. Polymers with ticles have a mean particle size of at least about 0.1 micron, or pH-triggered dissolution are described in U.S. Patent Appli in a range of about 0.1 micron to about 200 microns. cation Publication 2010/0105821-A1, hereinincorporated by 0132 Examples of microcapsules that may form agglom reference in its entirety. erates include, but are not limited to, melamine formalde 0140. The powdered lubricant can be prepared as a master hyde, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde, chitosan, polym batch. The coating powder composition can be prepared by ethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polysulfone, combining a portion of the powdered lubricant master batch polytetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, starch, polyvinyl with the active agent to form a daughter batch of coating pyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellu powder. This process can be continuous or intermittent. A lose, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, polyvinyl alcohol, continuous feed of active agent can be comprised of multiple polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyethylene, poly active agent compositions added sequentially, for example, to methacrylate, polyamide, poly(ethylenevinyl acetate), cellu a feed of powdered lubricant. lose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactidoco-glycolide), paraffin, 0.141. The coating powder composition can be applied to carnauba, Spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, Stearyl alcohol, the film or packet by any suitable means. In a one embodi glyceryl Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, and ment, one or more stationary powder spray guns are used to ZC1. direct the powder stream towards the packets, from one or 0133 Mechanisms for the controlled release of the active more than one direction, while the packets are transported agent from the microcapsule can include one or more of through the coating Zone by means of a belt conveyor. In an mechanical rupture, dissolution, diffusion release, ablation alternative embodiment, the pouch is conveyed through a release, biodegradation, melting, and pH-triggered release. In Suspension of the coating powder in air. In yet another alter embodiments wherein a mechanical rupture release mecha native embodiment the packets are tumble-mixed with the nism is employed, the mean particle size of the microcapsule coating powder in a trough-like apparatus. In another particle or agglomerate can be greater than the mean particle embodiment, which can be combined with any other embodi size of the powdered lubricant, for example. Microcapsules ment, electrostatic forces are employed to enhance the attrac Suitable for use in a mechanical rupture mechanism can tion between the powder and the packet. This type of process include one or more of the group including, but not limited to, is typically based on negatively charging the powderparticles melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde, and directing these charged particles to the grounded packets. polymethyl methacrylate, and polytetrahydrofuran. In other alternative embodiments, the powder is applied to the 0134) Suitable microcapsules for use in embodiments that packet by a secondary transferring tool including, but not include a dissolution release mechanism can include one or limited to rotating brushes which are in contact with the more of the group including, but not limited to, gelatin, gum powder or by powdered gloves which can transfer the powder arabic, starch, malodextrins, polyvinylpyrrolidone, car from a container to the packet. In yet another embodiment the boxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellu powder is applied by dissolving or Suspending the powder in lose, arabinogalactan, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic a non-aqueous solvent which is then atomized and sprayed acid. onto the packet. 0135 Suitable microcapsules for use in embodiments that 0142. In one class of embodiments, the powder is applied include a diffusion release mechanism can include one or to the packet in an accurate dose. This class of embodiments more of the group including, but not limited to, aminoplast utilizes closed-system dry lubricant application machinery, capsules with disulfide linkages and melamine formaldehyde such as PekuTECH's powder applicator PM 700 D. In this microcapsules. Examples of aminoplast capsules with disul process the coating powder, optionally batch-wise or continu fide linkages can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,736, herein ously, is fed to a feed trough of application machinery. The incorporated by reference in its entirety. packets are transferred from the output belt of a standard 0.136 Suitable microcapsules for use in embodiments that rotary drum pouch machine onto a conveyor belt of the pow include an ablation release mechanism can include one or der application machine, wherein a controlled dosage of the more of the group including, but not limited to, ethylcellu functionalized coating powder is applied to the packet. The lose, polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly (eth packet is thereafter conveyed to a suitable secondary packag ylenevinyl acetate), cellulose nitrate, silicones, and poly (lac ing process. tideco-glycolide). 0143. In some embodiments, in use the microcapsule will 0.137 Suitable microcapsules for use in embodiments that be mechanically ruptured thereby releasing the active agent. include a biodegradation release mechanism can include one Suitable active agents to be released via mechanical rupture US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

include, but are not limited to, fragrances, oils, enzymes, odor 0.147. In alternative embodiments, the active agent will be absorbers, and activators. In one embodiment, a fragrance released upon biodegradation of the microcapsule. Suitable will be microencapsulated, providing a controlled and effi active agents for use in a biodegradable microcapsule include, cient delivery mechanism. In this embodiment, the packet but are not limited to, pesticides and fertilizers. In one will retain the fragrance until the point of use, upon which embodiment, a water-soluble packet may contain a fertilizer handling by the consumer will mechanically rupture some of or other lawn-care composition. The packet can be dusted the microcapsules, releasing the fragrance. This embodiment with a biodegradable microcapsule containing a pesticide. is advantageous in mitigating the inherent “malodor of the After application, the microcapsule will biodegrade, releas water-soluble film itself, or from a component of the material ing the pesticide. In this embodiment, the consumer can packaged in the water-soluble film, in the presence of the safely use a single dose of pesticide without coming in direct COSU. contact with the pesticide. 0144. In alternative embodiments, in use the active agent 0.148. In some embodiments, the microcapsules will will be released from the microcapsule by dissolution of the release the active agent upon melting. Suitable active agents microcapsule. Suitable active agents to be released upon to be released when the microcapsule melts include, but are microcapsule dissolution include, but are not limited to, fla not limited to, fabric softeners. In one embodiment, the active Vors, colorants, bleaches, bleach components, enzymes, acti agent may comprise a fabric Softener. The fabric Softener vators, acid catalysts, metal catalysts, and ion scavengers. In would be delivered to a laundry substrate via a water-soluble one embodiment, the water-soluble packet may be comprised packet comprising a detergent enclosed within the packet. of edible water-soluble film. The microencapsulation of a During the wash cycle, the microcapsules would disperse flavor active or other active agent, for example, allows for the onto the laundry substrate, however the fabric softener would use of ingredients that are not or might not be compatible with not be released until the substrate was heated to a temperature the water-soluble film. For example, an ingredient may cause not encountered in the clothes washer (e.g. greater than 40°C. crosslinking or other reactions that would adversely affect the or greater than 50° C., or greater than 55° C., or greater than film solubility. The encapsulation of the flavor therefore 60° C.) but only encountered in the dryer. allows for the inclusion of the ingredient. In other embodi 0149. In another type of embodiment, the microcapsule ments the encapsulation of both a flavor and a color would will release the active agent upon dry brittle failure. For allow for an enhanced flavor experience and an aesthetically example, in one embodiment the active agent can include a pleasing visual appearance. In one type embodiment, an fabric softener. The fabric softener would be delivered to a edible, hot water-soluble film may contain a plain, uncolored laundry substrate via a water-soluble packet comprising a oatmeal composition. In these embodiments, upon dissolu detergent enclosed within the packet. During the wash cycle, tion of the microcapsule, the color and flavor can be imparted the microcapsules would disperse onto the laundry Substrate, to the plain, uncolored oatmeal composition, for example, red however the fabric softener would not be released until the and strawberry, blue and blueberry, or brown and maple. capsules were dried sufficiently to become brittle and crack, Applying the color/flavor microcapsules via the coating pow thus releasing their contents. For example, the microcapsules der also advantageously streamlines the manufacturing pro can be designed to become brittle at a critical relative humid cess and makes for a more flexible Supply management, ity significantly below standard household conditions, e.g. allowing the manufacturer to mass-package a single type of <40%, or <40%, or <35%, or <35%, or <30%, or <30%, or composition, i.e., plain oatmeal, in a water-soluble film and <25%, or <25%. add the color/flavor at a later time. 0150 Embodiments may comprise pH triggered release of the active agent from the microcapsule. Suitable active agents 0145. In one class of embodiments, the active agent will be for a pH triggered release may include, but are not limited to, released from the microcapsule by diffusion. Suitable active fragrances, oils, enzymes, odor absorbers, and activators. In agents for use with a diffusion release mechanism include, but one embodiment the composition enclosed in the water are not limited to, pesticides and fragrances. In one embodi soluble packet may comprise a laundry detergent composi ment the water-soluble packet can contain a laundry compo tion and a first enzyme that is unstable in the presence of a sition and the coating powder can comprise a perfume. In this protease, and the active agent may comprise a protease embodiment, the fragrance will slowly diffuse from the enzyme. The packet, when placed in a washing machine microcapsule during storage, advantageous in mitigating the would dissolve, releasing the detergent composition and the inherent "malodor of the water-soluble film itself, or from a first enzyme. When the washing water pH is adjusted to component of the material packaged in the water-soluble appropriate levels the microcapsule would release the pro film, in the presence of the consumer, and will also release the tease, thereby allowing a full dose of a first enzyme and a remaining fragrance on the laundry substrates during the protease to reach a stained Substrate. In an alternative embodi wash cycle. ment, a protease may be enclosed within the packet and the 0146 Embodiments may comprise an ablation or erosion active agent may comprise a second enzyme encapsulated in mechanism for the release of active agents from the micro a microcapsule, wherein the protease would be released first capsules. Suitable active agents to be released upon ablation and upon reaching the appropriate pH, the second enzyme of the microcapsules include, but are not limited to, bleaches, would be released. In yet another embodiment, the composi bleach components, and enzymes. In one embodiment, the tion enclosed within the packet may comprise a first enzyme composition enclosed in the water-soluble packet may com and the active agent may comprise a second enzyme, wherein prise a percarbonate bleaching agent and the microencapsu both the first and second enzyme are unstable in the presence lated active agent may comprise the bleach activator TAED. of the other. In another embodiment, the packet can contain an In this embodiment, upon ablation, the microcapsule will automatic dishwasher detergent and the microcapsule can release the TAED, allowing it to react with the percarbonate, contain a rinse aid, wherein the microcapsule is insoluble in forming an activated bleach. highly alkaline solutions (e.g., pH greater than 9.3, or greater US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 20 than 10) and soluble in neutral to mildly alkaline conditions, collide), paraffin, carnauba, Spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, Such that the rinse aid is not released during the wash cycle but Stearyl alcohol, glyceryl Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate only in the rinse cycle. phthalate, and Zein. 0151. The foregoing description is given for clearness of 0168 9. The water-soluble packet according to any one of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be the preceding paragraphs, wherein the microcapsule is char understood therefrom, as modifications within the scope of acterized by a mean particle size in a range of about 0.1 um to the invention may be apparent to those having ordinary skill about 200 um. in the art. 0169 10. The water-soluble packet according to any one 0152 The water-soluble films in accordance with the dis of paragraphs 2-15, wherein the mean particle size of the closure can be better understood in light of the following microcapsule is greater than the mean particle size of the example, which is merely intended to illustrate the water powdered lubricant, wherein the microcapsule is selected soluble films and water-soluble packets and are not meant to from one or more of the group consisting of melamine form limit the scope thereof in any way. aldehyde, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde, chitosan, poly 0153 Specific contemplated aspects of the disclosure methyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polysulfone, polytetrahy herein are described in the following numbered paragraphs. drofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, 0154) 1. A water-soluble packet, comprising: carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcel 0155 a water-soluble film in the form of a packet and lulose, arabinogalactan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, coated by a powder, the powder comprising a mixture of ethylcellulose, polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly (ethylenevinyl acetate), cellulose nitrate, silicones, poly 0156 a powdered lubricant; and (lactideco-glycolide), paraffin, carnauba, Spermaceti, 0157 an active agent wherein the active agent is not wax, Stearic acid, Stearyl alcohol, glyceryl Stearates, shellac, a fragrance. cellulose acetate phthalate, and Zein. 0158 2. A water-soluble packet, comprising: 0170 1 1. The water-soluble packet according to any one 0159 a water-soluble film in the form of a packet and of paragraphs 2-15, wherein microcapsule agglomerates are coated by a powder, the powder comprising formed and the mean microcapsule agglomerate size is 0160 a powdered lubricant; and greater than the mean particle size of the powdered lubricant, 0.161 an active agent which comprises a microencap wherein the microcapsule is selected from one or more of the Sulated fragrance. group consisting of melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, (0162. 3. The water-soluble packet of paragraph 1, wherein urea formaldehyde, chitosan, polymethyl methacrylate, poly the active agent is microencapsulated. styrene, polysulfone, polytetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum ara 0163 4. The water-soluble packet according to any one of bic, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, the preceding paragraphs, wherein the powdered lubricant is hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, selected from the group consisting of Starches, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyeth starches, silicas, siloxanes, calcium carbonate, magnesium ylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly(ethylenevinyl carbonate, clay, talc, silicic acid, kaolin, gypsum, Zeolites, acetate), cellulose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactidoco-gly cylclodextrins, calcium Stearate, Zinc Stearate, alumina, mag collide), paraffin, carnauba, Spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, nesium Stearate, alumina, Zinc oxide and combinations Stearyl alcohol, glyceryl Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate thereof. phthalate, or Zein. 0164. 5. The water-soluble packet according to any one of 0171 12. The water-soluble packet according to any one the preceding paragraphs, wherein the active agentis selected of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the powder comprises from the group consisting of enzymes, oils, flavors, colorants, about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % active agent. odor absorbers, fragrances, pesticides, fertilizers, activators, 0172 13. The water-soluble packet according to any one acid catalysts, metal catalysts, ion scavengers, bleaches, of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the powder comprises bleach components, fabric softeners or combinations thereof. about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % powdered lubricant. 0.165 6. The water-soluble packet of paragraph 2 or para 0173 14. The water-soluble packet according to any one graph 3, wherein the microcapsule is characterized by one or of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the powder is present in more of the following release mechanisms: mechanical rup an amount in a range of about 0.01 mg/cm to about 10 ture, dissolution, diffusion, ablation, biodegradation, melt, or mg/cm. a pH triggered release mechanism. 0.174 15. The water-soluble packet according to any one 0166 7. The water-soluble packet of any one of the pre of the preceding paragraphs, wherein the water-soluble film ceding paragraphs, wherein the powdered lubricant is char comprises a material selected from the group consisting poly acterized by a mean particle size in a range of about 1 um to vinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, about 100 um. water-soluble acrylate copolymers, methylcellulose, car 0167 8. The water-soluble packet according to any one of boxymethylcellulose, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl paragraphs 2-5, wherein said microcapsule is selected from celleulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, malodextrin, one or more of melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, hydrox formaldehyde, chitosan, poly methyl methacrylate, polysty ypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyalky rene, polysulfone, polytetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, lene oxides, acrylamide, acrylic acid, and combinations starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, thereof. hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, 0.175 16. The water-soluble packet according to any one polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyeth of the preceding paragraphs, further comprising a solid, liq ylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly (ethylenevinyl uid, or gel composition enclosed within the water-soluble acetate), cellulose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactideco-gly film. US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013

0176 17. The water-soluble packet according to para 0.195 providing a master batch of a first powder compris graph 16, wherein the enclosed composition comprises laun ing a first powdered lubricant; and mixing the active agent dry detergents, bleach and laundry additives, fabric care, with a portion of the master batch to form a daughter batch of dishwashing, hard Surface cleaning, beauty care, skin care, coating powder. other personal care, or food product compositions. 0196. 30. The method according to paragraph 29, wherein 0177 18. The water-soluble packet according to para a continuous feed of active agent is mixed with a continuous graph 16, wherein the active agent is capable of a chemical feed of the master batch to form the coating powder. reaction with a component of the composition enclosed in the 0.197 31. The method according to any one of paragraphs water-soluble film. 22-30, wherein the process of applying the coating powder to 0.178 19. The water-soluble packet according to para the water-soluble film comprises sprinkling, brushing, dust graph 18, wherein the active agent is capable of a chemical ing, or spraying. reaction with a component of the composition enclosed in the 0198 32. A water-soluble film coated by a powder, the water-soluble film in an aqueous Solution. powder comprising a mixture of a powdered lubricant and an 0179 20. The water-soluble packet according to para active agent, wherein the active agent is not a fragrance. graph 16, wherein either the active agent is unstable in the (0199 33. A water-soluble film coated by a powder, the presence of a component of the composition enclosed within powder comprising a powdered lubricant and an active agent the water-soluble film, or a component of the composition which comprises a microencapsulated fragrance. enclosed within the water-soluble film is unstable in the pres ence of the active agent, or both the active agent and a com EXAMPLES ponent of the composition enclosed within the water-soluble film are unstable in the presence of each other. Effect of Microencapsulated Fragrances on Pouch 0180 21. The water-soluble packet according to para Malodor graph 19, wherein the composition enclosed in the water 0200. The effect of a powder coating comprising a starch soluble film comprises a percarbonate; and the active agent powdered lubricant and a perfume microcapsule active agent comprises tetraacytylethylenediamine (TAED). on pouch malodor was evaluated. In this example, malodor 0181 22. A method of providing a water-soluble packet was imparted to scent-free pouches to represent malodor that with additional functionality, comprising: might be produced from a water-soluble film or components 0182 coating a water-soluble packet with a powder packaged within water-soluble films during storage. The comprising pouches were coated with a powder comprising a powdered 0183 a powdered lubricant; and lubricant (starch) and an active agent (perfumed microcap 0.184 an active agent wherein the active agent is not sules) and the effect of the perfume microcapsules were deter a fragrance. mined by evaluation by a sensory panel. Five types of pouches 0185. 23. A method of providing a water-soluble packet were evaluated, including: non-coated, malodor-free pouches with additional functionality, comprising: (designated “blank'); starch coated, malodor-free pouches 0186 coating a water-soluble packet with a powder (designated “only starch''); starch coated, malodor pouches comprising (designated “malodor--starch’); and pouches treated with 0187 a powdered lubricant; and malodor and coated with a starch/perfume microcapsules 0188 an active agent which comprises a microencap (PMC) powder at two concentrations, 25% of starch by Sulated fragrance. weight (designated “malodor--starch+PMC) and 50% of 0189 24. The method according to paragraph 22, wherein starch by weight (designated “malodor--starch+PMC 2X). the active agent is microencapsulated. 0201 The pouches evaluated were 0.6 fl.oz. Triple Action 0190. 25. The method according to paragraph 22, 23, or Purex R Ultrapacks (Free and Clear) manufactured by The 24, wherein the water-soluble packet further comprises a Dial Corporation (Scottsdale, Ariz.). Pouches were packaged Solid, liquid, or gel composition enclosed within the water in stand-up bags (18 pouches/bag) with dimensions of 185 soluble film. mmx210 mm The volume of the bags was 2.2 L without the 0191 26. The method according to any one of paragraphs pouches, headspace in the bag with the pouches was found to 22-24, wherein the powder coating is present in an amount in be 1.9 L. The “blank” pouches were used as received. a range of about 0.01 mg/cm to about 10 mg/cm. Pouches were treated with malodor by dropping into the 0192) 27. The method according to any one paragraphs stand-up bags, cotton balls infused with 200 ul of an aqueous 22-26, wherein the powdered lubricant is selected from the (deionized water) tert-butanethiol (TBT) solution having a group consisting of starches, modified starches, silicas, silox TBT concentration of 300 ul/1. The starch or starch and per anes, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, clay, talc, fumed microcapsule mixture were then added to the pouches. silicic acid, kaolin, gypsum, Zeolites, cyclodextrins, calcium 0202 The starch carrier powder used was a 28 um food Stearate, Zinc Stearate, magnesium Stearate, alumina, Zinc grade starch-based printing press powder. The 'starch only oxide and combinations thereof. and the “malodor-starch” pouches were coated with the car 0193 28. The method according to any one of paragraphs rier powder by adding 0.25 g of Starch to stand-up bags 22-27, wherein said active agent is selected from the group containing malodor-free pouches and malodor-treated consisting of enzymes, oils, flavors, colorants, odor absorb pouches, respectively. The bags were sealed using Zip seal ers, pesticides, fertilizers, activators, acid catalysts, metal fitments on the individual bags and were stored overnight. catalysts, ion scavengers, bleaches, bleach components, fab 0203 The perfume microcapsules used were melamine ric Softeners and combinations thereof. formaldehyde capsules with a perfume oil in the core. The 0194 29. The method according to any one of paragraphs mean diameter of the capsules was 18 um. The perfume 22-28, further comprising preparing the coating powder by a microcapsules were obtained as a slurry in water, the slurry process comprising: was spray-dried using a dual fluid melt spray prior to incor US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 22 poration of the microcapsules into the starch carrier powder. release mechanisms: mechanical rupture, dissolution, diffu The dried perfume microcapsules were combined with the Sion, ablation, biodegradation, melt, or a pH triggered release starch prior to introduction to stand-up bags containing mal mechanism. odor treated pouches. A measure of 0.0625g of dried perfume 7. The water-soluble packet of claim 1, wherein the pow microcapsules was added to 0.25 g of starch and the mixture dered lubricant is characterized by a mean particle size in a was added to stand-up bags of malodor-treated pouches to range of about 1 um to about 100 um. form the “malodor-starch+PMC pouches. A double mea 8. The water-soluble packet according to claim3, wherein sure (0.125 g) of dried perfume microcapsules was added to said microcapsule is selected from one or more of melamine 0.25 g of starch and the mixture added to stand-up bags of formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde, chitosan, malodor-treated pouches to form the “malodor--starch+PMC poly methyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polysulfone, polytet 2X” pouches. The bags were sealed using Zip Seal fitments on rahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, starch, polyvinylpyrroli the individual bags and were stored overnight. done, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, meth 0204 Fourteen panelists were given the sample bags with ylcellulose, arabinogalactan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic random numbering and asked to evaluate the odor from the acid, ethylcellulose, polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polya headspace of the bags on a scale of very bad to very good mide, poly (ethylenevinyl acetate), cellulose nitrate, sili (very bad, bad, slightly bad, neutral, slightly good, good, very cones, poly(lactideco-glycolide), paraffin, carnauba, sper good). The responses were given a numerical value from 1 maceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, Stearyl alcohol, glyceryl (very bad) to 7 (very good). Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, and Zein. 0205 FIG. 1 shows the interval plot of the numerical value 9. The water-soluble packet according to claim3, wherein (and 95% confidence interval) of the odor perceived from the microcapsule is characterized by a mean particle size in a each pouch type. The “blank” and “only starch” samples were range of about 0.1 um to about 200 um. not perceived to be significantly different from each other by 10. The water-soluble packet according to claim3, wherein the sensory panel. The “Malodor-starch” was perceived sig the mean particle size of the microcapsule is greater than the nificantly below the no-effect value of 4, with the mean and mean particle size of the powdered lubricant, wherein the the 95% confidence interval below 4. All of the pouches microcapsule is selected from one or more of the group con treated with the perfume microcapsule/starch mixture (“mal sisting of melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea form odor+starch+PMC” and “malodor+starch+PMC 2X') aldehyde, chitosan, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, showed positive effects on the panelists with mean values and polysulfone, poly tetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, 95% confidence intervals significantly higher than the no starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, effect value of 4. The odor perceived at 50% perfume micro hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, capsule loading was slightly better than the odor perceived at polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyeth 25% perfume microcapsule loading. Thus, the Example dem ylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly (ethylenevinyl onstrates that the functionalized powder is able to overcome acetate), cellulose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactideco-gly malodor. collide), paraffin, carnauba, Spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, What is claimed: Stearyl alcohol, glyceryl Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate 1. A water-soluble packet, comprising: phthalate, and Zein. a water-soluble film in the form of a packet and coated by 11. The water-soluble packet according to claim3, wherein a powder, the powder comprising a mixture of microcapsule agglomerates are formed and the mean micro a powdered lubricant; and capsule agglomerate size is greater than the mean particle size an active agent wherein the active agent is not a fra of the powdered lubricant, wherein the microcapsule is grance. selected from one or more of the group consisting of 2. A water-soluble packet, comprising: melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde, a water-soluble film in the form of a packet and coated by chitosan, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polysul a powder, the powder comprising fone, polytetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, starch, poly a powdered lubricant; and vinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl an active agent which comprises a microencapsulated cellulose, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, polyvinyl fragrance. alcohol, polyacrylic acid, ethylcellulose, polyethylene, poly 3. The water-soluble packet of claim 1, wherein the active methacrylate, polyamide, poly(ethylenevinyl acetate), cellu agent is microencapsulated. lose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactidoco-glycolide), paraffin, 4. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, wherein carnauba, Spermaceti, beeswax, Stearic acid, Stearyl alcohol, the powdered lubricant is selected from the group consisting glyceryl Stearates, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, or of starches, modified Starches, silicas, siloxanes, calcium car Zein. bonate, magnesium carbonate, clay, talc, silicic acid, kaolin, 12. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, wherein gypsum, Zeolites, cylclodextrins, calcium Stearate, Zinc Stear the powder comprises about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % active ate, alumina, magnesium Stearate, alumina, Zinc oxide and agent. combinations thereof. 13. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, wherein 5. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, wherein the powder comprises about 1 wt % to about 99 wt % pow the active agent is selected from the group consisting of dered lubricant. enzymes, oils, flavors, colorants, odor absorbers, fragrances, 14. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, wherein pesticides, fertilizers, activators, acid catalysts, metal cata the powder is present in an amount in a range of about 0.01 lysts, ion scavengers, bleaches, bleach components, fabric mg/cm to about 10 mg/cm. softeners or combinations thereof. 15. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, wherein 6. The water-soluble packet of claim3, wherein the micro the water-soluble film comprises a material selected from the capsule is characterized by one or more of the following group consisting polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alco US 2013/0273277 A1 Oct. 17, 2013 hols, polyacrylates, water-soluble acrylate copolymers, coating a water-soluble packet with a powder comprising methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, ethylcel a powdered lubricant; and lulose, hydroxyethylcelleulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellu an active agent which comprises a microencapsulated lose, malodextrin, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol fragrance. copolymers, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyr 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the active rolidone, polyalkylene oxides, acrylamide, acrylic acid, and agent is microencapsulated. combinations thereof. 25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the water 16. The water-soluble packet according to claim 1, further soluble packet further comprises a Solid, liquid, or gel com comprising a solid, liquid, or gel composition enclosed within position enclosed within the water-soluble film. the water-soluble film. 26. The method according to claim 22, wherein the powder 17. The water-soluble packet according to claim 16, coating is present in an amount in a range of about 0.01 wherein the enclosed composition comprises laundry deter mg/cm to about 10 mg/cm. gents, bleach and laundry additives, fabric care, dishwashing, 27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the pow hard Surface cleaning, beauty care, skin care, other personal dered lubricant is selected from the group consisting of care, or food product compositions. starches, modified Starches, silicas, siloxanes, calcium car 18. The water-soluble packet according to claim 16, bonate, magnesium carbonate, clay, talc, silicic acid, kaolin, wherein the active agent is capable of a chemical reaction gypsum, Zeolites, cyclodextrins, calcium Stearate, Zinc Stear with a component of the composition enclosed in the water ate, magnesium Stearate, alumina, Zinc oxide and combina soluble film. tions thereof. 19. The water-soluble packet according to claim 18, 28. The method according to claim 22, wherein said active wherein the active agent is capable of a chemical reaction agent is selected from the group consisting of enzymes, oils, with a component of the composition enclosed in the water flavors, colorants, odor absorbers, pesticides, fertilizers, acti soluble film in an aqueous solution. vators, acid catalysts, metal catalysts, ion scavengers, 20. The water-soluble packet according to claim 16, bleaches, bleach components, fabric softeners and combina wherein either the active agent is unstable in the presence of tions thereof. a component of the composition enclosed within the water 29. The method according to claim 22, further comprising soluble film, or a component of the composition enclosed preparing the coating powder by a process comprising: within the water-soluble film is unstable in the presence of the providing a masterbatch of a first powder comprising a first active agent, or both the active agent and a component of the powdered lubricant; and composition enclosed within the water-soluble film are mixing the active agent with a portion of the master batch unstable in the presence of each other. to form a daughter batch of coating powder. 21. The water-soluble packet according to claim 19, 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein a continu wherein ous feed of active agent is mixed with a continuous feed of the the composition enclosed in the water-soluble film com master batch to form the coating powder. prises a percarbonate; and 31. The method according to claim 22, wherein the process the active agent comprises tetraacytylethylenediamine of applying the coating powder to the water-soluble film (TAED). comprises sprinkling, brushing, dusting, or spraying. 22. A method of providing a water-soluble packet with additional functionality, comprising: 32. A water-soluble film coated by a powder, the powder coating a water-soluble packet with a powder comprising comprising a mixture of a powdered lubricant and an active a powdered lubricant; and agent, wherein the active agent is not a fragrance. an active agent wherein the active agent is not a fra 33. A water-soluble film coated by a powder, the powder grance. comprising a powdered lubricant and an active agent which 23. A method of providing a water-soluble packet with comprises a microencapsulated fragrance. additional functionality, comprising: k k k k k