DOCSLIB.ORG

SEASONAL MIGRATION, the FARM-HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY and NUTRITION in RURAL JAMAICA by Louise Renee Dankerlin A.B., Wellesley College

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SEASONAL MIGRATION, the FARM-HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY and NUTRITION in RURAL JAMAICA by Louise Renee Dankerlin A.B., Wellesley College SEASONAL MIGRATION, THE FARM-HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY AND NUTRITION IN RURAL JAMAICA by Louise Renee Dankerlin A.B., Wellesley College (1975) M.A., Goddard College (1978) Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Urban and Regional Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 1990 Cd Louise Renee Dankerlin, 1981. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author. Department of Urban Studies and Planning June, 1990 Certified by.................................................... Lisa Redfield Peattie Professor Emeritus and Senior Lecturer, Urban Anthropology Thesis Supervisor Accepted by. Langley Keyes, Chairman Ph.D. Committee Department of Urban Studies and Planning 1 Dedicated to my mother Georgine Elfride Dankerlin and to my late father Nicolas H. G. Dankerlin ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I was drawn to the study of labor migration because it illuminates the process of social change more than most social phenomena. I also had a personal interest in the subject matter, which stemmed from my background as a West Indian, born in Suriname. Twenty years after slavery was abolished in 1863, my maternal grandfather, still a toddler, became a young migrant when he was strapped onto his father's back and taken from a small farm near Waterloo plantation into the interior of western Suriname, where my great-grandfather owned a lumber concession company. In 1917 my father was sent to Holland by his father for further education in engineering, only to become an organizer of one of the unions of the American Federation of Labor in New York in the 1930s. My mother met my father in the United States, where she travelled in the 1940s to negotiate with American firms which imported natural rubber from her father's company in Suriname. As young adults, in the late 1960s and early 1970s my cousins and I were also sent abroad from Suriname by our parents. My cousins left for the Netherlands, while I chose to return to the United States where I had spent some years as a child. The two years I lived in Jamaica were invaluable to my understanding of the process of household and individual decision-making and of labor circulation between the West iii Indies and the United States. It has convinced me that we can only fully comprehend the dynamics of migration when we have actually lived in migrants' communities over an extended period of time. The challenge of this regional study was that I needed to spend sufficient time in -each community to understand its political and social dynamics. This led to my being made a "part" of these communities over time. Being incorporated into a group of communities means that one is "assigned" a role. My functions were to provide transportation between communities and when asked, to act as a liaison between health care professionals and the people, bridging as it were a spatial as well as a socio-economic distance. This, in turn, enabled me to become acquainted with a far greater number of people in these communities than I otherwise would have. There is, unfortunately, a paucity of research at the regional level in Jamaica. From the point of view of migration, research on Jamaica has focused on the individual or household level and at the national level. By including an analysis of the effects of migration on a homogeneous population from a regional level as well, I was able to trace different production and consumption patterns at the household level. Moreover, networks between communities through extended families, schools, regional sports tournaments, the juridico-political structure, and regional markets form an integrated system. This kind of research provides a basis for fine-tuning social and economic policy to the specific needs of a rural population. A project of this nature entails the cooperation of a large number of dedicated people. I wish to, therefore, take this opportunity to thank them indivually. At this juncture, I will express my gratitude and appreciation to the following members of my dissertation committee. My thanks to my advisor, Professor Lisa Peattie, who first introduced me to the subject of rural undernutrition prior to migration and to the study of household economics. My sincerest thanks to Professor Nevin Scrimshaw, whom as Director of the Harvard- MIT International Food and Nutrition Program, gave his assistance in helping to fund and organize the research project, visiting the country personally on one occasion. I sincerely appreciate his guidance and continued support of my research and my studies over the years both at MIT and at Harvard. My sincerest thanks to Professor Martin Diskin, for encouraging me to pursue the study of economic anthropology, for his insights into the research design and overall analysis and for his support. I wish to give special recognition to the important contribution of Professor Jonathan Haughton, who has guided me in my studies in economics at Harvard and in most of the data analysis and writing. I deeply appreciate his support and advice during the final two years of my studies. My thanks to the other faculty and researchers who have contributed to this study. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Pertti Pelto of the Anthropology Department of the University of Connecticut at Storrs for training me in research design and methodology at MIT and for making field trips to Jamaica on two occasions so as to guide me in the collection and preliminary analysis of data. I wish to also thank him for his feedback in the last phase of data analysis and interpretation upon the completion of the dissertation. I would also like to thank Dr. Barbara Miller of Cornell University for her help in giving me information and comments, particularly as regards Jamaican household consumption patterns. I would also like to thank Dr. Mary Scrimshaw and Dr. Ellen Messer for their comments on the household time allocation studies, women and nutrition, and nutritional anthropology. My thanks to Ms. Edwina Murray of the Harvard Population Studies Center for further training me in dietary analysis before my departure to Jamaica in 1986; to Mr. William Oliver, Sr. of the Clinical Research Center of MIT, Mr. Ron Hersey of Lincoln Laboraties and especially Mr. William Oliver, Jr., for their technical support with the computer software. My sincerest thanks to Dr. Ray Gleason of the Clinical Research Center of MIT for his help with the statistical analysis. My special thanks to Dr. David Griffith and to Professor Charles Wood of the University of Florida for their comments and advice when I started the field research. The comments of Professor Oded Stark of Harvard University during various stages of-the research were very helpful and I also thank Professor Myron Weiner of MIT for information as I explored the subject. I also wish to acknowlege the contribution of Professors Victor Pich6 and Joel Gregory of the University of Montreal, during the preliminary stage of my research. My thanks to Dr. Chris de Beet of the University of Utrecht who, while in Jamaica, gave very helpful comments in the final stage of my field research. I am very grateful to Professor Glenn Jenkins of Harvard University for his comments on the benefit-cost approach and for his support in the final phase of the study, after I returned from Jamaica. My thanks to Dr. Michael Bamberger of the World Bank for his comments. I wish to thank the United Nations University and the Social Science Research Council for funding this research. I wish to also thank the staff of the Pan American Health Organization and their Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute vii for assisting me in the administration of the project. My special thanks to Dr. George Alleyne, Assistant Director of PAHO, for his comments on the study. My thanks to Ms. Clare Forrester of the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute in assisting me with information in implementing the research project. My thanks to current and former members of the faculty of the University of the West Indies Institute for Social and Economic Research for their encouragement and comments on my research. My special thanks toDrs. Derick Gordon, Omar Davies, Carl Stone, Peter Phillips, Pat Anderson and Eddy Green for their comments and advice on the design and implementation of the study, as well as to Dr. Don Robotham, who also helped me to arrange housing in Kingston when I first arrived and for his advice on the historical and ethnographic research. I especially acknowledge and thank Dr. Derick Boyd for his continued help in providing critical information and feedback, in the analysis of the data particularly as it concerned labor economics, welfare measures and living standards of the Jamaican population. My special thanks to Dr. David Barker of the University of the West Indies Department of Geography for assisting me in analyzing the physical and social geography of the region and to Dr. Duncan McGregor of the Geography Department of the viii University of London, for analyzing soil samples of the research area. I wish to also express my gratitude to Professor Peter Bacon of the Zoology Department of the University of the West Indies in helping me to analyze the physical ecology, especially the vegetation of the region. I wish to thank the staff of the Ministry of Labor in Jamaica, especially Mr. Tony Ironns, who gave me access to the migrant farm workers. My special thanks to the staff of the Ministry of Health in Kingston and in St. Thomas Parish, particularly Ms.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Letter Post Compendium Jamaica
    Letter Post Compendium Jamaica Currency : Dollar Jamaïquain Basic services Mail classification system (Conv., art. 17.4; Regs., art. 17-101) 1 Based on speed of treatment of items (Regs., art. 17-101.2: Yes 1.1 Priority and non-priority items may weigh up to 5 kilogrammes. Whether admitted or not: Yes 2 Based on contents of items: Yes 2.1 Letters and small packets weighing up to 5 kilogrammes (Regs., art. 17-103.2.1). Whether admitted or not Yes (dispatch and receipt): 2.2 Printed papers weighing up to 5 kilogrammes (Regs., art. 17-103.2.2). Whether admitted or not for Yes dispatch (obligatory for receipt): 3 Classification of post items to the letters according to their size (Conv., art. 17,art. 17-102.2) - Optional supplementary services 4 Insured items (Conv., art. 18.2.1; Regs., 18-001.1) 4.1 Whether admitted or not (dispatch and receipt): No 4.2 Whether admitted or not (receipt only): No 4.3 Declaration of value. Maximum sum 4.3.1 surface routes: SDR 4.3.2 air routes: SDR 4.3.3 Labels. CN 06 label or two labels (CN 04 and pink "Valeur déclarée" (insured) label) used: - 4.4 Offices participating in the service: - 4.5 Services used: 4.5.1 air services (IATA airline code): 4.5.2 sea services (names of shipping companies): 4.6 Office of exchange to which a duplicate CN 24 formal report must be sent (Regs., art.17-138.11): Office Name : Office Code : Address : Phone : Fax : E-mail 1 : E-mail 2: 5 Cash-on-delivery (COD) items (Conv., art.
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaica Ecoregional Planning Project Jamaica Freshwater Assessment
    Jamaica Ecoregional Planning Project Jamaica Freshwater Assessment Essential areas and strategies for conserving Jamaica’s freshwater biodiversity. Kimberly John Freshwater Conservation Specialist The Nature Conservancy Jamaica Programme June 2006 i Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………..... i List of Maps ………………………………………………………………. ii List of Tables ………………………………………………………………. ii List of Figures ………………………………………………………………. iii List of Boxes ………………………………………………………………. iii Glossary ………………………………………………………………. iii Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………. v Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………… vi 1. Introduction and Overview …………………………………………………………..... 1 1.1 Planning Objectives……………………………………... 1 1.2 Planning Context………………………………………... 2 1.2.1 Biophysical context……………………………….. 2 1.2.2 Socio-economic context…………………………... 5 1.3 Planning team…………………………………………… 7 2. Technical Approach ………………………………………………………………….…. 9 2.1 Information Gathering…………………………………... 9 2.2 Freshwater Classification Framework…………………... 10 2.3 Freshwater conservation targets………………………… 13 2.4 Freshwater conservation goals………………………….. 15 2.5 Threats and Opportunities Assessment…………………. 16 2.6 Ecological Integrity Assessment……………………... 19 2.7 Protected Area Gap Assessment………………………… 22 2.8 Freshwater Conservation Portfolio development……….. 24 2.9 Freshwater Conservation Strategies development…….. 30 2.10 Data and Process gaps…………………………………. 31 3. Vision for freshwater biodive rsity conservation …………………………………...…. 33 3.1 Conservation Areas …………………………………..
    [Show full text]
  • C a R I B B E a N S
    To Buff Bay (14km) To Port Antonio (6km) Boston Claverty Bay 0 10 km Fairy 0 6 miles Silver Hill Cottage Hill Northeast Point B1 Berridale Fellowship Nonsuch Caves Spring Hill Castle Mountain Booby North J Blue Mountains- (335m) Point a m John Crow Windsor Portland Old Tavern National Park Portland a John Crow Long Bay Coffee Estate Sir Johns i Green Peak (1752m) John Crow c Hill Peak (1930m) r Seaman's Section a rande Valley ive Guava River Silver Hill High Peak G (2076m) River Bellevue Moore A4 C Hardwar Coffee Factory ift R Alligator h Gap w Town M S Church ountains Newcastle Back Rio a St Peters Rio Grande Valley Portland Stony n B1 Gap Blue Mountain Sugar Loaf Penlyne Peak Peak Blue Mountains- Kensington n Strawberry John Crow (2256m) (2133m) e Hill Castle National Park l Irish Content Town Gap Nanny Candlefly Peak Millbank Town (1537m) Manchioneal Gordon Arntully Manchioneal Mavis Bank T Town h Harbour The e Bowden Reach Cooperage Guava B Pen l u e Falls Flamstead Ridge Hagley Gap Mo u n t a i n s Cedar Valley Bethel Gap Corn Puss Happy Grove Gap Cane River Yallahs River Union Hill Innis St Andrew (1027m) Macca Sucker Bay To Kingston (1335m) Cuna (5km) Cuna Booby South Gap Bath V Point alle anta Fountain Cane St Thomas N Pl in Ga y e rde River g n R Falls ro iver A4 Llandewey Judgement Bath Hordley Holland Yallahs Seaforth Bay Cliff River Bull Bay Trinity St Thomas Cable Hut R Ville Bath Botanical Stokes Golden iv Morant To Norman Manley Beach Garden Hall Grove International er Point Airport (7km) Stony Gut Lighthouse Dalvey Orange Park Grants Pen Heartease Yallahs Hill Rocky (729m) Point Morant Bowden Folly Morant Bay Marina New Bay Cow Port Morant Pera Point C A R I B B E A N Bay Jamintel Space Lyssons Belvedere A4 Old Rocky Point Beach Yallahs Research Station Lyssons Retreat Prospect Pera Rocky Point S E A A4 Beach Cow Bay Bailey's Morant Golden Port Bay Bay Point Beach The Salt Shore Beach Prospect Morant Yallahs Ponds Beach Point.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Management of the Yallahs and Hope River Watershed Management Areas Project GRT/FM-14607-JA
    Integrated Management of the Yallahs and Hope River Watershed Management Areas Project GRT/FM-14607-JA Mid-Term Evaluation Final Report Submitted to National Environment and Planning Agency By Dr. Alicia A. Hayman Mid-term Evaluator May 20, 2018 (revds. May 28, 2018) Acknowledgements The Yallahs-Hope Watershed Management Areas Project Mid-term Evaluator wishes to express gratitude to the following institutions and individuals whose contributions were essential to the successful preparation of this report: • The Executing Agency and Implementing Partners • Project Manager, Mrs. Nelsa English Johnson and her team • Inter-American Development Bank • Supporting host government agencies • Participating non-government and community groups • Project beneficiaries from the respective watersheds The evaluator also acknowledges the technical inputs of Mr. Maurice Mason, Ms. Karyll Johnston, Ms. Felicia Whyte and Ms. Elizabeth Morrison, provided in a timely and professional manner. MTE Report: Integrated Management of the Yallahs and Hope River Watershed Management Areas Project ii Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. v Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. viii 1 Introduction and Background ........................................................................................1 1.1 Objectives and Components of the Project ...................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • List of Rivers of Jamaica
    Sl. No River Name Draining Into 1 South Negril River North Coast 2 Unnamed North Coast 3 Middle River North Coast 4 Unnamed North Coast 5 Unnamed North Coast 6 North Negril River North Coast 7 Orange River North Coast 8 Unnamed North Coast 9 New Found River North Coast 10 Cave River North Coast 11 Fish River North Coast 12 Green Island River North Coast 13 Lucea West River North Coast 14 Lucea East River North Coast 15 Flint River North Coast 16 Great River North Coast 17 Montego River North Coast 18 Martha Brae River North Coast 19 Rio Bueno North Coast 20 Cave River (underground connection) North Coast 21 Roaring River North Coast 22 Llandovery River North Coast 23 Dunn River North Coast 24 White River North Coast 25 Rio Nuevo North Coast 26 Oracabessa River North Coast 27 Port Maria River North Coast 28 Pagee North Coast 29 Wag Water River (Agua Alta) North Coast 30 Flint River North Coast 31 Annotto River North Coast 32 Dry River North Coast 33 Buff Bay River North Coast 34 Spanish River North Coast 35 Swift River North Coast 36 Rio Grande North Coast 37 Black River North Coast 38 Stony River North Coast 39 Guava River North Coast 40 Plantain Garden River North Coast 41 New Savannah River South Coast 42 Cabarita River South Coast 43 Thicket River South Coast 44 Morgans River South Coast 45 Sweet River South Coast 46 Black River South Coast 47 Broad River South Coast 48 Y.S. River South Coast 49 Smith River South Coast www.downloadexcelfiles.com 50 One Eye River (underground connection) South Coast 51 Hectors River (underground connection)
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaica Fao Country Report
    JAMAICA FAO COUNTRY REPORT 1.0 Introduction To The Country And Its Agricultural Sector: Size: Jamaica has a total land area of 10991 Sq.Km. making it the third largest Caribbean Island. The maximum length of the Island is 234.95 Km and the width varies from 35.4 – 82 Km. Geographical Location World Position: Jamaica enjoys a favourable location in relation to the western world. As demonstrated in Figure 1, the total landmass of the Americas, most of Europe and much of North and West Africa lie within a hemisphere centred on Jamaica, that is, within a 9 654 kilometres radius of the country. This hemisphere represents the major portion of the world’s economic activity and markets, although inhabited by less than half of the world’s population. Almost all of Jamaica’s cultural and economic associations are with countries in this hemisphere. Western Europe is within 9 654 kilometres, while Eastern Canada and the United States are well within 3 218 kilometres. A further advantage is provided because direct travel distance lines to those three areas are mostly over water which is the cheapest form of commercial transportation. The increasing use and improvement of aircraft make straight-line distance from Jamaica to other places in the world very pertinent. The closest link with North America is Miami, some 965 kilometres to the north. Such major cities as New York, Montreal, Toronto and Mexico City are from 2 414 kilometres to 3 218 kilometres flying distance; Rio de Janeiro in South America, Dakar in Africa and London and Madrid in Europe are 6 436 kilometres to 8 045 kilometres distant; Tokyo, Cape Town and New Delhi are 12 872 to 14 481 kilometres; Singapore and Sydney are 16 090 to 17 699 kilometres away.
    [Show full text]
  • Listing for Renewal Exercise Final
    ID RENEWAL CENTRE LISTING Head Office 43 Duke Street, Kingston (Tel: (876)-922-0425-9) Mondays to Saturdays 8:30am - 4:30pm ST. THOMAS WESTERN Location Address Opening Days Opening Hours Constituency Office A & I Building, Yallahs SQuare (876-982-5064) Mondays to Saturdays 8:30am - 4:30pm Cedar Valley Police Station Cedar Valley, Cedar Valley P.O. Tuesdays 9am - 3:30pm Hagley Gap Community Centre Hagley Gap, Hagley Gap P.O Mondays 9am - 3:30pm Trinityville Police Station Trinityville, Trinityville P.O. Wednesdays 9am - 3:30pm Seaforth Police Station Seaforth, Seaforth P.O. Thursdays 9am - 3:30pm Llandewey Post Office Llandewey, Llandewey P.O. Fridays 9am - 3:30pm Spring Garden Community Centre Spring Garden, Spring Garden P.O Saturdays 9am - 3:30pm ST. THOMAS EASTERN Constituency Office Myrie's Plaza, 15 Church Street, Morant Bay (876 7342985) Mondays to Saturdays 8:30am - 4:30pm Bath Community Centre Ginger Hall, Bath P.O. Wednesdays 9am - 3:30pm Rowlands field Community Centre Rowlands field Field P.A Tuesdays 9am - 3:30pm Wheeler field Community Centre Golden Grove P.O Fridays 9am - 3:30pm Hampton Court Community Centre Hampton Court, Golden Grove P.O. Mondays & Saturdays 9am - 3:30pm Port Morant Primary & Junior High School Harbour Head Road, Port Morant P.O. Thursdays 9am - 3:30pm PORTLAND EASTERN Constituency Office Shop# 6 East Harbour Complex, 6 Allan Avenue, Port Antonio (876 993-9586) Mondays to Saturdays 8:30am - 4:30pm Ponciana Park Community Centre Fairy Hill P.O. Portland Wednesdays 9am - 3:30pm Long Bay Methodist Church Hall Long Bay P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Mountains & Southeast Coast
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Blue Mountains & Southeast Coast Why Go? Blue Mountains . 79 Looming over Kingston, the majestic, forest-covered Blue Irish Town . 82 Mountains throw the rest of the island into sharp relief. Newcastle . 83 Their slopes, crags and fern forests seem light years from the capital’s gritty streetscape, allowing you to hike old Maroon Holywell Recreation trails, go in search of the elusive streamertail hummingbird Area . 84 (Jamaica’s national bird) or simply perch on a mountaintop, Section . 85 watching the valleys unfold out of the mist below. Gordon Town & Guava A steep walk through a highland working plantation re- Ridge . 87 veals the nuances of the coff ee cultivation process, culminat- Mavis Bank . 87 ing in a cup or two of Blue Mountain coff ee – which tastes Blue Mountain Peak . 88 even more heavenly when you can smell the beans from a nearby fi eld. Southeast Coast. 90 The least-explored corner of the island, the southeast Morant Bay . 90 coast is a place of bloody rebellions, obeah rituals, and tra- Retreat . 91 ditional rural life, largely undisturbed by visitors. Dirt trails Port Morant . 91 lead you through cane fi elds to rustic hot springs or a pictur- Bath . 91 esque lighthouse on a lonely coast. When to Go In February, Holywell Recreation Area hosts the Misty Bliss Best Places to Eat festival, celebrating the island’s Maroon heritage. Predawn hikes up Blue Mountain between June and August are enliv- » Strawberry Hill (p 85 ) ened by a proliferation of peeny-wallies (fi refl ies), and Sep- » Cafe Blue (p 82 ) tember is a good time to join in the parade and the dancing » Crystal Edge (p83) at Bath’s Breadfruit Festival to commemorate the arrival of » Gap Café Bed & Breakfast the fi rst breadfruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Seaman's Valley and Maroon Material Culture in Jamaica
    SEAMAN'S VALLEY AND MAROON MATERIAL CULTURE IN JAMAICA E. Kofi Agorsah ABSTRACT Seaman's Valley site was one of the few known places in Jamaica where the Maroons came into face to face combat with the colonial military in a battle that featured the largest force ever sent against the Maroons. In that encounter the colonial forces were routed in a total defeat resulting in the abandonment of arms and ammunition and personnel. This paper compares the material culture from the Seaman's Valley site and Nanny Town. This paper will then show the significance of the longstanding strategic relationship between the two locations during the Maroon struggle for freedom and even after peace negotiations were sealed by treaties in the middle of the eighteenth century. Therefore, the Seaman's Valley site is depicted not only as a unique battleground, with a strategic and spatial relationship with Nanny Town in the Blue Mountains. It also, was a special brewing ground for the formation and transformation of Maroon material culture in eastern Jamaica. KEY WORDS: Jamaica, Maroons, Resistance, Seaman's Valley. INTRODUCTION One of the challenges faced by Maroons was the ability to forge new ways of life and new societies and to be able to maintain their hard-won freedom. Nevertheless, only a few Maroon groups survived. Maroon history informs us of how many African-Caribbean movements failed to survive: examples include the Afro-Caribs of Mt. Misery in St. Kitts in the 1630s, the so-called "rebel Negroes" of Barbados in 1648, the Antiguan Maroons of the Shekerley Mountain in 1685 and a small band of Maroons in the Blue Hills of Central Providence of the Bahamas in the 1780s.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Mountain Peak
    Blue Mountain Peak DAVID CHARITY T he road ahead looked awfully steep, and was deeply rutted. 'You've got to take it fast.' A friendly voice belonging to a native of Hagley's Gap volunteered, from over his garden fence- 'Take a good run at it, and you'll be OK.' [ considered his advice. Two Americans in an Opel had got stuck after only a few metres and were already deep in negotiation with representatives of the local youth about the cost of a push. I decided to give them 10 minutes to get well ahead, and retired for a smoke and a think. [ had left Ocho Rios at 10.15 in the morning of 27 August 1986, destination the summit of Blue Mountain Peak, at 225 6m the high point of the Blue Mountain range and of all Jamaica, although only some 24km from downtown Kingston. The road had so far taken me along the coast to Port Maria and Port Amolto, past the island homes of Noel Coward and [an Fleming, then inland over the mountain divide to the pass at Hardwar Gap, forking left to Silverhill Gap. I had picked up a solitary pedestrian who claimed to have an aunt in Peterborough, and who claimed to have been to the top of Blue Mountain Peak many times. 'The road goes almost the whole way to the top these days', he assured me. This seemed disappointing if true, for it would deny me a decent mountain walk. He left me at the fork where [ turned left for Silverhill gap.
    [Show full text]
  • National System of Protected Areas
    Policy for the National System of Protected Areas Government of Jamaica November 1997 Contents Review and Comment Process...................................................................................1 Acronyms...................................................................................................................2 Introduction................................................................................................................4 Goals ..........................................................................................................................5 Types of Protected Areas...........................................................................................8 Roles and Responsibilities.........................................................................................12 Planning Protected Areas...........................................................................................19 Establishing Protected Areas .....................................................................................22 Financial Management...............................................................................................25 Legal Framework.......................................................................................................29 Management and Operations Policies........................................................................33 Implementation Programme.......................................................................................37 Protected Area Candidates.........................................................................................40
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica
    The State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica Final Report National Environment and Planning Agency| Page 2 The State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica National Environment and Planning Agency| Page 3 The State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT 2013 Short extracts from this publication may be copied or reproduced for individual use, without permission, provided this source is fully acknowledged. More extensive reproduction of storage in a retrieval system, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, requires prior permission of the National Environment and Planning Agency. Published by: The National Environment and Planning Agency, 10-11 Caledonia Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica (876) 754-7540 www.nepa.gov.jm This report was prepared with financial support from the European Union © 2015 National Environment and Planning Agency NATIONAL LIBRARY OF JAMAICA CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA ISBN 978-976-654-007-4 National Environment and Planning Agency| Page 4 The State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica “Since we’ve been in our mother’s tummy as a tiny cell, we’ve been given an important message from life itself: We’ve gotta learn to hang on, latch on to mother, don’t let go of life man!” Shabba (Taxi Driver in Kingston, Jamaica) National Environment and Planning Agency| Page 5 The State of the Environment Report 2013 Jamaica Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]