HURRICANE SANDY RECOVERY CROSS -SECTORAL RECOVERY ` STRATEGY AND PLAN Volume II – Final Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan for St. Thomas Prepared for: Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management 2-4 Haining Road, Kingston 5 Prepared by: ESL Management Solutions Ltd. 89 Hope Road Kingston 6 Submitted: November 20, 2013 Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan – Volume II November 20, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................... III OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.0 ST. THOMAS .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 HAZARD VULNERABILITY PROFILE................................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DAMAGE ............................................................................................................ 9 3.0 ST. THOMAS RECOVERY FRAMEWORK AND PLAN ................................................................................... 13 4.0 KEY LINKAGES BETWEEN SECTORS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGY AND PLAN ............................. 22 5.0 SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS - RESULTS-BASED FRAMEWORK ......................................................... 30 6.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 33 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF ST. THOMAS .......................................................................................................................... 2 FIGURE 1.2: TOPOGRAPHY MAP OF ST. THOMAS ..................................................................................................................... 3 FIGURE 1.3: DRAINAGE OVERVIEW OF THE PLANTAIN GARDEN RIVER. BLUE LINES INDICATED KNOWN MAJOR DRAINAGE PATHWAYS AND INCLUDE BOTH MAN-MADE IRRIGATION CANALS AND NATURAL RIVER CHANNELS. BLUE ARROWS INDICATE MINOR AND MAJOR FLOW DIRECTIONS FOR SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS. (SOURCE: ESL, 2010) ..................................................................................... 5 FIGURE 1.4: LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP OF ST. THOMAS, JAMAICA (SOURCE: MINES AND GEOLOGY DIVISION) ............................ 7 FIGURE 1.5: STORM SURGE HAZARD MAP FOR MORANT BAY 25, 50, 100, 150 YR. RETURN PERIOD EVENTS (COASTLINE FROM DUHANEY PEN JUST EAST OF MORANT RIVER TO LYSSONS IN THE WEST) (SOURCE: SMITH WARNER INTERNATIONAL 2010) ........................ 8 FIGURE 1.6: POVERTY MAP OF ST THOMAS (EXTRACTED FROM THE POVERTY MAP OF JAMAICA PIOJ AND STATIN, 2002) .................. 9 FIGURE 2.1: SUMMARY DAMAGE FOR ST. THOMAS AS AT APRIL 16, 2013 ................................................................................. 10 FIGURE 4.1: NATIONAL COORDINATION DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................. 29 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1: ST. THOMAS RECOVERY FRAMEWORK AND PLAN .................................................................................................... 13 TABLE 4.1: KEY LINKAGES BETWEEN SECTORS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGY AND PLAN ...................................................... 22 Environmental Solutions Limited ii Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan – Volume II November 20, 2013 ACRONYMS ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency BDRC Building Disaster Resilient Communities CASE College of Agriculture Science and Education CBO Community Based Organisation CDC Community Development Committee CDM Comprehensive Disaster Management DALA Damage and Loss Assessment DRM Disaster Risk Management ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean EFJ Environmental Foundation of Jamaica ESL Environmental Solutions Limited FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation GDP Gross Domestic Product GMOs Genetically Modified Organisms GOJ Government of Jamaica IADB Inter-American Development Bank JAS Jamaica Agricultural Society JPS Jamaica Public Service JRC Jamaica Red Cross JSIF Jamaica Social Investment Fund MGD Mines and Geology Division MLSS Ministry of Labour and Social Security MoAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries MoE Ministry of Education MOH Ministry Of Health MP Member of Parliament NGO Non- Governmental Organisation MTWH Ministry of Transport Works and Housing ESL Management Solutions Limited iii Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan – Volume II November 20, 2013 MWLECC Ministry of Water Land Environment and Climate Change NEPA National Environment and Planning Agency NWA National Works Agency NWC National Water Commission NSWMA National Solid Waste Management Authority OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ODPEM Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management OSP Outside Plant PC Parish Council PDNA Post Disaster Needs Assessment PGR Plantain Garden River PGFZ Plantain Garden Fault Zone PIOJ Planning Institute of Jamaica PMC Portmore Municipal Council PTA Parent Teachers Association RADA Rural Agricultural Development Authority SDC Social Development Commission STATIN Statistical Institute UN United Nations UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNDP United Nations Development Programme UWI University of the West Indies WMU Watershed Management Unit WRA Water Resources Authority ESL Management Solutions Limited iv Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan – Volume II November 20, 2013 OVERVIEW ESL Management Solutions Limited was contracted by the Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management to prepare Recovery Plans for four eastern parishes: St. Thomas, Portland, St. Mary and St. Catherine. These four parishes were identified as the most devastated by Hurricane Sandy in October, 2012. Prior to this deliverable the consultants completed a Findings and Lessons Learnt report which informed the recommendations presented in this deliverable. The Recovery Plan has been divided into five volumes so that each parish plan can be pulled out as a stand-alone document: Volume I presents the contextual setting of the project and introduces the recovery plan. It is expected that Volume I will be utilized by all four parishes. Volume II presents the recovery plan for the parish of St. Thomas. It outlines the hazard vulnerability profile for the parish and presents an overview of the damage assessment which informed the recovery framework, plan and strategic results-based framework. Volume III presents the recovery plan for the parish of Portland. It outlines the hazard vulnerability profile for the parish of Portland and a summary of the damage assessment which informed the recovery framework and plan as well as the strategic results-based framework. Volume IV presents the recovery plan for the parish of St. Mary. It outlines the hazard vulnerability profile for St. Mary and presents an overview of the damage assessment which informed the recovery framework, plan and strategic results-based framework recommended for the parish. Volume V presents the recovery plan for the parish of St. Catherine. It outlines the hazard vulnerability profile for St Catherine, and an overview of the damage assessment which informed the recovery framework and plan, as well as the strategic results-based framework recommended for St. Catherine. This document represents Volume II of the Recovery Plan and focuses on the parish of St. Thomas. ESL Management Solutions Limited 1 Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan – Volume II November 20, 2013 1.0 ST. THOMAS 1.1 HAZARD VULNERABILITY PROFILE Background The Parish of St. Thomas is located south of the parish of Portland, east of St Andrew, and north of the Caribbean Sea. It has an area of 742.8 square kilometers (286.8 sq mi) and ranks as Jamaica’s 9th largest parish. The parish has a striking orogeny which includes the Port Royal Mountains, stretching from above Newcastle in St. Andrew, to Albion in St. Thomas; the Queensbury Ridge between Yallahs and Negro River; and to the extreme south, an isolated Ridge called Yallahs Hill, which has an elevation of 2,394 feet (730 m) above sea level (Figure 1.1). FIGURE 1.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF ST. THOMAS St. Thomas has large wetland areas, and several cliffs and beaches characterize the coastal area between Bull Bay in the west and Hector’s River in the east. The parish has an extensive drainage network comprising three main rivers; the Yallahs, Morant and Plantain Garden Rivers (Figure 1.2). Climate Long-term mean parish rainfall for St. Thomas is recorded as 2,288 mm with over 55% of that rainfall occurring in the August to December period (ESL, 2010). Additionally, rainfall is preferentially distributed across the watershed with the higher slopes experiencing 70% of the totals. This factor is one of the reasons most communities in the parish are vulnerable to the effects of intense rainfall. ESL Management Solutions Limited 2 Hurricane Sandy Recovery Plan – Volume II November 20, 2013 FIGURE 1.2: TOPOGRAPHY MAP OF ST. THOMAS Soils and Geology The floodplain alluvium and terrace deposits of the Yallahs fan are up to 80 m thick; in one place it has been found to be as much as 140 m thick. In the region of the new Yallahs new bridge, alluvial sediment thickness is at least 100 m (Baptiste, 1993). The parish consists of several