II. Juvenile Homicidal Delinquency – an Introducing Definition
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Gang Rehabilitation Programs in El Salvador
Page | 1 8/25/2008 INVESTING IN YOUTH :GANG REHABILITATION FOR VIOLENCE PROGRAMS IN EL SALVADOR PREVENTION Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment to the degree M.Sc. Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Utrecht University. Institute of Development Studies. | By Alison Yule Page | 2 Contents Introduction Overview of Research Topic Project Methodology: Accessing Gang Rehabilitation as a Researcher Case Study Approach Theory of Gang Rehabilitation Gang Rehabilitation in the Context of El Salvador Overview of Existing Programs and Their Objectives Challenges to Gang Rehabilitation Observed In the Field Overcoming Obstacles: Cross Sector Analysis of Gang Rehabilitation Methods Church NGO Government The Rehabilitated Gang Member: As Survivor and Mentor Analysis of Testimonies from Rehabilitated Gang Members Conclusion Focus Group/ Participant Observation results Overall conclusions from research: Deconstructing elements of exemplary programs Personal reflections and suggestions for the future References Annexes: 1. List of organisations consulted 2.Research methodology chart 3.List of NGO and Government Gang Rehabilitation Projects 4/5. Milton Vega’s six stages to gang rehabilitation 6.Message from the MS13 and 7. Photo documentation Page | 3 ABSTRACT El Salvador’s armed conflict came to an end with Peace Accords signed in 1992 however the political war in El Salvador has now transformed into a social war. Gangs are feared as the most dangerous perpetrators of social violence. In gang communities ‘at-risk’ youth are subject to social exclusion, unemployment and domestic/street violence often joining gangs for alternative solutions. In the past, as an attempt to improve citizen security and attract voters, the government of El Salvador introduced a package of controversial anti-gang laws designed as a temporary means to criminalize gangs, violating several codes of international human rights. -
Jamaica-Wikipedia-Re
4/15/2017 Jamaica Wikipedia Coordinates: 18°N 77°W Jamaica From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia i Jamaica ( /dʒәˈmeɪkә/) is an island country situated in the Jamaica Caribbean Sea, consisting of the thirdlargest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola (the island containing the nationstates of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Jamaica is the fourthlargest island country in the Caribbean, by area.[6] Flag Coat of arms Motto: "Out of Many, One People" Inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Anthem: Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the indigenous people "Jamaica, Land We Love" died of disease, and the Spanish imported African slaves as 0:00 MENU labourers. Named Santiago, the island remained a possession of Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen" Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered it and renamed it Jamaica. Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with its plantation economy highly dependent on slaves imported from Africa. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British imported Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.[7] With 2.8 million people, Jamaica is the thirdmost populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after the United States and Canada), and the fourthmost populous country in the Caribbean. -
The Jamaican Crime Problem: Peace Building and Community Action
CgCED CARIBBEAN GROUP FOR COOPERATION IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CONTROLLING THE JAMAICAN CRIME PROBLEM: PEACE BUILDING AND COMMUNITY ACTION DISCUSSION DRAFT Anthony Harriott Department of Government The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus CONTROLLING THE JAMAICAN CRIME PROBLEM: PEACE BUILDING AND COMMUNITY ACTION June 2000 Department of Government The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus Table Of Contents Page No. 1. Introduction............................................................................................1 2. Defining the Problem.............................................................................3 3. Sources of High Rate of Violent Crime.................................................12 4. Constraints on the Development of Policy ...........................................16 5. Some Possible Initiatives.......................................................................19 6. Community Crime Control and Peace Building...................................20 7. Community control and Reform of the Criminal Justice System.........22 8. Order in Public Places ..........................................................................26 9. Implementation Strategies.....................................................................28 10. Conclusion ...........................................................................................29 11. Endnotes...............................................................................................30 12. References ............................................................................................31 -
RESOLVING POVERTY in the CARIBBEAN 1 Akilah Jones
RESOLVING POVERTY IN THE CARIBBEAN 1 Akilah Jones Introduction The Caribbean Sea has a host of islands that are adjacent to the Americas; it is full of nation states more or less developed. Haiti and Jamaica are the poorest nations in the Caribbean; the wealthiest are Trinidad and Tobago, The Bahamas, and Puerto Rico. Environmental issues and natural disasters are some of the continuous battles that these nations have faced, but some have found ways to cultivate their land and rise above these issues that plague them. Hurricanes, earthquakes and droughts are just some of the natural disasters. While Trinidad and Tobago and The Bahamas have made great strides in overcoming long-lasting economic devastation in the region, Haiti and Jamaica are overwhelmed by poverty still. Environmental factors certainly assist in the obstacles to overcome poverty, yet they alone are not the cause. Economies must develop to withstand natural disasters through preparation; one of those ways is by creating emergency funds. Mutually beneficial relationships with other countries are also necessary to ensure contributable funds in isolated disasters. These are also some beginning steps for the individual seeking financial freedom and security; savings is one of the most important, and friends with likeminded financial principles another. History also plays a major role in the development of relationships; is not only ensures swift response to help align countries, but also creates partnership in mercantilism. The lack of morale and economic integrity of a nation plays a role in the causes of poverty, resulting in a loss of respect among other nations-- affecting the desire for trade and cooperation. -
Study: Forced “Time-Outs” Rare
ISSUE 22 (152) • 3 – 9 JUNE 2010 • €3 • WWW.HELSINKITIMES.FI INTERNATIONAL CULTURE EAT & DRINK Helsinki New crisis Grünstein’s Summer Summer in misplaced dining Guide Gaza women experiences pages 11-13 page 7 page 15 page 16 Study: Forced “time-outs” rare The Finnish League for Human Rights has conducted a study over cases where children from immigrant backgrounds have been sent away from Finland by their own parents. Close to 900 people joined the demonstration against Israel held in Helsinki on Tuesday evening. PETRA NYMAN we would hope to see improved,” she HELSINKI TIMES adds. Records are important in order to THE “sending away” of immigrant prevent cases where a child is about Stubb: Israeli attack shocking children against their will is not to be sent away. “Children’s rights common in Finland. Since 2000, are a delicate issue and it is not an STT Stubb said that Finland would According to a Swedish crime there have been approximately 40 easy task to investigate these cas- HEIDI LEHTONEN – HT summon the Israeli ambassador to writer Henning Mankell, who par- known cases where children un- es. It is also important to remember provide an explanation and added ticipated in the Gaza-bound aid derwent traumatic experiences af- that most parents’ decision to send FOREIGN Minister Alexander that he had also communicated with fl otilla, the Israeli forces attacked ter being sent back to their parents’ their child away rises from a gen- Stubb said that he was deeply the foreign minister of Turkey, from sleeping civilians. Mankell was re- home country against their will. -
Country Information and Guidance Jamaica: Fear of Organised Criminal Gangs
Country Information and Guidance Jamaica: Fear of organised criminal gangs Version 1.0 July 2015 Preface This document provides guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling claims from – as well as country of origin information (COI) about – persons fearing organised criminal gangs in Jamaica. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the guidance contained with this document; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this document has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve the guidance and information we provide. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this document, please e-mail us. -
Box Sets Content Comparison Correct As of 7Th Nov 2014
Box Sets Content Comparison Correct as of 7th Nov 2014 Notes: 1. Pay TV and online services 2. Subscription and rental Box Sets. Purchase Box Sets not included 3. SD/HD/3D titles counted once 4. Box Sets defined as: series of TV shows only and not Box Sets of movies, e.g. Adam Sandler Movies Box Sets. Must include >60% of total episodes 5. Correct as of 7th Nov 2014 Virgin Media + Netflix Total title count: 400 24 90210 6Teen A League of Their Own Africa Afterlife Alphas Amber American Horror Story Andromeda Angelina Ballerina Animorphs Archer Are You The One Arne Dahl Arpeggio of Blue Steel Arrested Development Art & Music Attenborough in Paradise Auschwitz: Inside the Nazi State Avatar: The Last Airbender Barbie Life in the Dreamhouse Bates Motel Battlestar Galactica Best of TEDx Big Bad Beetleborgs Big Bad World Bill Bailey's Jungle Hero Black Books Black Mirror Blood Lad Blue Planet: Natural History of the Oceans Bo on the Go! Bojack Horseman Borgia Bottom Braquo Brave New World Brazil with Michael Palin Breaking Amish: Los Angeles Breaking Bad Breakout Kings British Gangsters: Faces of the Underworld Brotherhood Bubble Guppies Buffy the Vampire Slayer Busytown Mysteries Caillou Californication Page 1 of 17 Box Sets Content Comparison Correct as of 7th Nov 2014 Notes: 1. Pay TV and online services 2. Subscription and rental Box Sets. Purchase Box Sets not included 3. SD/HD/3D titles counted once 4. Box Sets defined as: series of TV shows only and not Box Sets of movies, e.g. Adam Sandler Movies Box Sets. -
The Byron Shire Echo
THE BYRON SHIRE Volume 27 #45 Echo Beach Tuesday, April 23, 2013 New surfing feature Phone 02 6684 1777 – page 17 Fax 02 6684 1719 [email protected] [email protected] www.echo.net.au CAB 23,200 copies every week AUDIT THINK OUTSIDE – NO BOX REQUIRED Inside Pete Council Premier Roads made School days Ears glued Byron Shire this Murray in session wrangling cycleways are here to the gigs Council Notices week – p24 – p7 – p10 – p18 again – p22 – p24–29 Page 44 OS Roundhouse Mullum market celebrates third year site to be sold After years of debate, councillors vote to sell Councillors fi nally voted to sell Ocean community proposal, but can’t see Shores Roundhouse site at last Th urs- how that would [now] occur’. day’s meeting, signalling attempts to ‘If a developer came forward that balance a $10 million budget shortfall. would be great. My priorities are ‘New times’ is how mayor Simon changing.’ Richardson described his decision to Similarly Cr Richardson said it was vote for all eleven lots to be subdivided. a very hard decision. ‘I never thought But it didn’t appear easy times for I would be voting in favour of an ur- the relatively new councillors, as many ban renewal project instead of a com- struggled with having to renege on munity space… but we need to show their pre-election commitments to re- our fi nancial credentials. tain the property for community use. ‘Gift ing land for social benefi t could Recently, the ‘community use’ was be a thing of the past. -
For the First Time in Australia – February 2018 Ross Kemp – Extreme Tales Live on Stage
BBC Worldwide ANZ and Andrew Kay present For the first time in Australia – February 2018 Ross Kemp – Extreme Tales Live on Stage Media release 15 September 2017 In a global first, documentary maker, author and actor Ross Kemp will reveal the truth about how the extreme world works live on stage, delivering remarkable insights into the 73 documentaries that he has made with his team across the world in the last 15 years. Ross Kemp will tour Australia in February 2018 and you’re invited to hear him talk frankly about some of the world’s most dangerous people, the places he has visited and the humour that keeps him and his team going. “I’m really excited about coming to Australia and speaking candidly about my experiences in some of the most extreme places on the earth,” says Ross. “It’s very easy for people to assume there is just good and bad in the world, but I have often found it isn’t that simple. I’m looking forward to sharing my personal experiences, both humorous and heart breaking, with Australian audiences.” Ross Kemp has come face-to-face with some of the worst aspects of humanity. His award-winning documentaries examine some of the most extreme situations that exist on our planet and analyse who we are and why we do the things we do. Driven by a sense of social justice, Ross and his team have risked their lives to make these documentaries and have never shied away from asking the difficult questions. Through his landmark TV series Extreme World, which has been broadcast on British TV since 2011 and is currently on ABC2 and BBC Knowledge in Australia, Ross is a true voice who explains how our world is mapped with conflict, ranging from war to human trafficking, drugs, violence and suffering. -
The Importance of Jamaica
THE EFFECT OF DRUGS, GANGS AND FEAR OF CRIME ON ATTITUDES ABOUT DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNMENT IN JAMAICA By LUIS ALBERTO CARABALLO A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 1 © 2010 Luis Alberto Caraballo 2 To Mami and Papi 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research would not have been feasible without the help of the faculty and staff at the Center for Latin American Studies and the Latin American Collection Library at the University of Florida, who provided so many of the necessary resources over my course of study. I would like to thank Dr. Ron Akers and Dr. Tim Clark who provided some much needed early assistance towards completing my project. Finally and most importantly, I would like to thank my thesis committee members, Dr. Leann Brown and Dr. Charles Wood, whose patience and encouragement was of monumental importance in both finishing this thesis and completing the master’s program. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ 6 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... -
Youth Violence and Organized Crime in Jamaica
YOUTH VIOLENCE AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN JAMAICA: CAUSES AND COUNTER-MEASURES An Examination of the Linkages and Disconnections Final Technical Report AUTHORED BY HORACE LEVY October 2012 YOUTH VIOLENCE AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN JAMAICA: CAUSES AND COUNTER-MEASURES An Examination of the Linkages and Disconnections Final Technical Report AUTHORED BY HORACE LEVY October 2012 Name of Research Institution: The University of the West Indies (UWI) – Institute of Criminal Justice and Security (ICJS) International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Grant Number: 106290-001 Country: Jamaica Research Team: – Elizabeth Ward (Principal Investigator) – Horace Levy (Consultant – PLA Specialist) – Damian Hutchinson (Research Assistant) – Tarik Weekes (Research Assistant) Community Facilitators: – Andrew Geohagen (co-lead) – Milton Tomlinson (co-lead) – Vernon Hunter – Venisha Lewis – Natalie McDonald – Ricardo Spence – Kirk Thomas – Michael Walker Administrative Staff: – Deanna Ashley (Project Manager) – Julian Moore (Research Assistant) – Andrienne Williams Gayle (Administrative Assistant) Author of Report: Horace Levy Date of Presentation to IDRC: October 2012 This publication was carried out with the support of a grant from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of IDRC. CONTENTS Acknowledgements 5 Synthesis 6 Background and Research Problem 8 Objectives 10 Methodology and Activities (Project Design & Implementation) 12 Project Outputs and Dissemination 22 Project Outcomes 24 A. Research Findings 24 1. Crews and Gangs Distinguished 24 2. Case of Defence Crew becoming Criminal Gang 29 3. Violence of Individuals 30 4. Influence of the Shower Posse 31 5. The Tivoli Gardens Incursion and Central Authority 32 6. Leadership 34 7. Gang Members and Legal Alternatives 34 8. Women 34 9. -
Melbourne Program Guide
MELBOURNE PROGRAM GUIDE Sunday 05th May 2013 06:00 am Rugby Classic Matches (Rpt) Autumn International 2004: England V Australia 08:00 am Triathlon: ITU World Championship Round 2 San Diego: Womens Race Series (Rpt) San Diego is the second stop in the 2013 season. Aussie Felicity Abram finished third in race 1 in Auckland. Can she continue her dominance to come out on top for race 2? 10:30 am Triathlon: ITU World Championship Round 2 San Diego: Mens Race Series (Rpt) The Dextro Energy ITU Championship Series heads to San Diego, California for the second round of 2013. Follow the elite male triathletes as they swim, cycle and run through the city. 01:00 pm Golf Getaway Golf Getaway is a short, sharp slice of all things golf including golf course reviews, interviews and tips from the pros and special offers on golf equipment. 01:30 pm Omnisport (Rpt) Hot off the satellite, Omnisport brings you a comprehensive roundup of sports news and highlights from the past 24 hours. Covering all the major sports, no matter where in the world the event is held. 02:00 pm To Be Advised 05:00 pm What's Up Down Under G What's Up Down Under is a lifestyle television show that encourages people to travel Australia in recreational vehicles, stay at holiday parks and enjoy the local attractions of each area. 05:30 pm Get Smart (Rpt) PG 99 Loses Control Join bumbling secret spy Maxwell Smart and his long-suffering partner, Agent 99, as they investigate and thwart the sinister dealings of CONTROL's nemesis organisation, KAOS.