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Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Portage County, Ohio

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Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Portage County, Ohio Geology and Ground-Water Resources of Portage County, Ohio By JOHN D. \VINSLOW and GEORGE W. WHITE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 511 Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. GS 00-.310 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Glacial deposits of Portage County-Continued Abstract___________________________________________ 1 Wisconsin Glaciation-Continued Page Introduction_______________________________________ 1 Cary stade_________________________________ 28 Purpose and scope of the investigation____________ 1 ]{entTill__________________________________ 28 Acknowledgments_______________________________ 2 Composition ______ ---------------_-____ 28 Previous work and sources of information__________ 2 Kent moraine __________ -- __ ----_-______ 28 Location_______________________________________ 2 Kent ground moraine _________ ------_-__ 30 Climate_______________________________________ 3 Subsurface Kent TilL ____ ---_________ --_ 30 Economic development__________________________ 3 Retreat of ]{entice_____________________ 31 Ground-water utilization_________________________ 4 Lavery Till _________________ - _-_ -_ -_ - _- _-_ _ 3 3 Numbering system of wells and seismic sites_ __ _ __ _ 4 Windham Sand _____________ ------_---_-_-__ 33 Topography and drainage________________________ 4 Hiram TilL _________________ - _-- - _-- - _-_ - _ _ 34 Topography of the bedrock surface_______________ 5 Composition ________________ ---_--_____ 34 Methods of investigation ____ ---------------- 6 Surface expression ___________ -__________ 35 Well records, photogeology, and fieldwork__ 6 Thickness and stratigraphic relation_______ 35 Seismic profiles_________________________ 6 Hiram outwash ____________ ----- ___ ----_ 35 Streamflow records____ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ 6 Retreat of the Hiram ice________________ 38 Buried valleys and valley fills________________ 6 Ground-water hydrology ______ ---_------------.------- 38 Stratigraphy of the bedrock formations________________ 7 General________________________________________ 7 Fluctuations of ground-water levels________________ 39 Pumping tests__________________________________ 39 Pre-Berea units___ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ 8 Chagrin Shale_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ 8 Geology and ground-water conditions in specific town- Ohio Shale (Cleveland Member)______________ 8 ships____________________________________________ 41 Cussewago Sandstone_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 9 Atwater Township _________________ - __ --_-_-____ 42 Bedford Shale ___________________________ . _ _ 9 Aurora TownshiP------------------------------- 42 Berea Sandstone________________________________ 9 Brimfield Township ______ - _________ - ___ -_-_-_-__ 43 Cuyahoga Group_______________________________ 10 Charlestown Township__________________________ 43 Orangeville Shale_ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ 10 Deerfield Township ______ - _- _- _- _- _- _- _- _- _- _--- 44 Sharpsville Sandstone_______________________ 10 Edinburg Township __________ -_-_-_- ___ -_-_-_-_- 44 Meadville Shale_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ 10 Franklin Township _______________ - _____ -_-_-____ 45 Pottsville Formation____________________________ 10 Freedom Township ______________ -_-_-_-_---____ 45 Sharon Member____________________________ 11 Hiram Township ________ -_-_-_----------------- 46 Conglomerate unit______________________ 11 Mantua Township______________________________ 46 Shale unit______________________________ 12 Nelson Township ______ ------------------------- 47 Sharon coal________________________ 12 Palmyra Township _______ ---_------------------- 48 Quakertown coaL___________________ 13 Paris Township _______ ------_------------------- 48 Connoquenessing Sandstone Member__________ 13 Randolph Township _____ - _- _----..,-------------- 48 Mercer Member____________________________ 14 Ravenna Township ____ -_----------------------- 49 Lower and middle Mercer coals___________ 15 Rootstown Township ___ ------------------------- 49 Lower limestone unit____________________ 15 Shalersville Township ____ ----------------------- 50 Bedford coaL__________________________ 15 Streetsboro Township ________ ------------------- 50 Upper limestone unit____________________ 16 Suffield Township _____ ----_--------------------- 51 Tionesta coaL__________________________ 16 Windham TownshiP----------------------------- 51 Homewood Sandstone Member_______________ 16 Chemical quality of the ground water ________ -_-_-_-_- 51 Glacial deposits of Portage County____________________ 17 Quality of water in the principal aquifers__________ 54 Glacial erosion_________________________________ 18 Berea Sandstone _____________________ - ___ - _ - 54 Striations__________________________________ 18 Cuyahoga Group___________________________ 54 Rockhills_________________________________ 18 Pennsylvanian rocks _______________________ - 54 Valleys____________________________________ 18 Glacial drift_______________________________ - 54 Stratigraphic classification_______________________ 18 Significance of mineral constituents _______________ - 55 Pre-Illinoian Glaciation__________________________ 20 Temperature_______________________________ 55 Illinoian Glaciation_____________________________ 20 Color______________________________________ 55 Sangamon Interglaciation___ _ __ __ ___ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ 22 pH________________________________________ 55 Wisconsin Glaciation____________________________ 22 Specific conductance _________________ -_-_--- 55 Mogadore TilL_____________________________ 23 Silica______________________________________ 56 Post-Mogadore intervaL_____________________ 28 Iron and manganese_________________________ 56 m IV COXTEXTS Chemical quality of the ground water-Continued Chemical quality of the ground water-Continued Significance of mineral constituents-Continued Page' Sjgnificance of mineral constituents-Continued Page Calcium and magnesium __________ --- _______ _ 56 Dissolved solids ___________________________ _ 57 IIardness _________________________________ _ Sodium and potassium __ -_-------- __ -- _____ _ 56 57 Carbonate and bicarbonate _________________ _ 56 Summary_________________________________________ _ Suliate ___________________________________ _ 57 56 Groundwater _________________________________ _ Chloride__________________________________ _ 56 57 Quality of water _______________________________ _ Fluoride __________________________________ _ 56 58 Nitrate _______________ -_------------------- 57 References cited ___________________________________ _ 58 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Graphic logs of water and test wells, Portage County, Ohio. 2. Map of Portage County, Ohio, showing the location of water and test wells, oil and gas wells, and seismic sites. 3. Bedrock geologic map and sections of Portage County, Ohio. 4. Glacial deposits in Portage County, Ohio. 5. Map showing principal sources of ground water and approximate contours on the bedrock surface in Portage County, Ohio. Page FIGURE 1. Index map of Ohio showing Portage CountY------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. Photograph of the conglomerate unit of the Sharon Member of the Pottsville Formation at Kennedy Ledge__ 12 3. Photograph of the Connoquenessing Sandstone Member of the Pottsville Formation along the Ohio Turn- pike--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 4. Photograph of the Homewood Sandstone Member of the Pottsville Formation in Edinburg Township_____ 17 5. Map of Ohio showing margins of glacial lobes------------------------------------------------------ 17 6. Map showing surface extent of Illinoian drift and Wisconsin rock-stratigraphic units____________________ 17 7. Map showing location of petrographic samples and measured sections_________________________________ 19 8. Geologic section of Ravenna Sand and Gravel Co. pit_______________________________________________ 21 9. Columnar sections of weathering horizons of Mogadore Till in Summit County---------------------·--- 23 10. Geologic section in the Petersen mine, Atwater TownshiP-------------------------------------------- 24 11. Geologic section in cut for drainage diversion, Ohio Turnpike interchange______________________________ 25 12. Columnar sections of tills and drift in Cuyahoga lobe________________________________________________ 25 13. Columnar sections of tills and drift in Grand River lobe_____________________________________________ 26 14-18. Geologic sections: 14. Cut in highway 14, in the northern part of Ravenna_________________________________________ 27 15. Cut at Keller Mines, Atwater TownshiP--------------------------------------------- _____ 27 16. Windham through Newton Falls--------------------------------------------------·- _____ 27 17 Ohio Turnpike cut, 1 mile northeast of Freedom____________________________________________ 30 18. Ohio Turnpike cut, 1 mile northeast of Streetsboro__________________________________________ 32 19. Measured columnar sections of weathering horizons in Kent Till______________________________________ 32 20. Measured columnar sections of weathering
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