Coréenne : Quand Le « Royaume Ermite » Est Devenu « L’Étoile Montante » Par Valentin Maricourt Coordonné Par Erwan Berger Erwan Par Coordonné

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Coréenne : Quand Le « Royaume Ermite » Est Devenu « L’Étoile Montante » Par Valentin Maricourt Coordonné Par Erwan Berger Erwan Par Coordonné ANALYSES | ENTRETIENS | NOTES DE LECTURE | NOTES DE CONFÉRENCES Les Cahiers - printemps 2016 n°12 du Comité Asie de l’ANAJ-IHEDN été 2016 13Les Cahiers du Comité Asie de l’ANAJ-IHEDN www.anaj-ihedn.org N°13 - été 2016 n°ISSN : 2274-4460 avec un Dossier spécial Corée À propos de l’ANAJ-IHEDN Parce que la Défense ne doit pas être la préoccupation des seules Armées, le Premier ministre a confé à l’Institut des Hautes Études de Défense Nationale (IHEDN) la mission de sensibiliser tous les citoyens, « afn de leur donner une information appro- fondie sur la défense nationale comprise au sens le plus large ». À l’issue de ces séminaires, les nouveaux auditeurs jeunes de l’IHEDN sont accueillis au sein de l’Association Nationale des Auditeurs Jeunes de l’IHEDN : l’ANAJ-IHEDN. L’ANAJ-IHEDN, c’est aujourd’hui un réseau dédié à la défense et à la sécurité de plus de 1 800 étudiants, jeunes professionnels, élus et responsables d’associations. Reconnue « Partenaire de la réserve citoyenne » par le ministère de la Défense, l’ANAJ- IHEDN est là pour dynamiser et synthétiser une réfexion jeune, imaginative et imperti- nente, autour des problématiques de défense, regroupant les sphères économiques, civiles et militaires, et de relations internationales. Les Cahiers du Comité Asie de l’ANAJ-IHEDN Force est de constater que l’Asie a pris, notamment depuis la fn des années 1990, une part croissante dans l’économie et la politique internationale. Sur les questions des fux fnan- ciers internationaux, des ressources énergétiques, comme sur celles des revendications maritimes ou territoriales, des points chauds militaires et des grands marchés émergents, nos regards ne peuvent ignorer l’Asie. L’ANAJ-IHEDN compte parmi ses membres des personnes qui se sont plus particulière- ment attachées à comprendre certains pays de ce vaste ensemble géographique. Nous avons donc voulu créer un groupe d’étude et de réfexion afn de partager, approfondir et diffuser les connaissances sur l’Asie. Le Comité Asie est ainsi né à l’hiver 2011. Cette revue est le résultat des recherches, des réfexions et du dynamisme des membres du Comité Asie de l’ANAJ-IHEDN ainsi que de nos partenaires. Je tiens à exprimer ma gratitude à chacun des membres pour leur implication et aux experts qui ont contribué à ce numéro pour leur soutien, leurs conseils avisés et leurs précieuses relectures. Igor Yakoubovitch | Auditeur-jeune de la 69ème session IHEDN, 2011 | Responsable du Comité Asie, co-rédacteur en chef des Cahiers du Comité Asie. Retrouvez toute l’actualité de l’ANAJ-IHEDN sur son site Internet : www.anaj-ihedn.org Pour toute question sur les Cahiers du Comité Asie : [email protected] ANAJ-IHEDN - 10, place Jofre - 75007 Paris - France - n°ISSN : 2274-4460 SOMMAIRE Les Cahiers du Comité Asie été 2016 | numéro 13 ÉDITORIAL 5 L'opportunité du développement Par Dr Coline Ferro ENTRETIEN­ 7 Seoul’s vision as a Sharing City Avec Won-soon Park, maire de Séoul Réalisé par Erwan Berger et Rakyung ParK ANALYSE­ 12 L’industrie de défense sud-coréenne : quand le « royaume ermite » est devenu « l’étoile montante » Par Valentin Maricourt coordonné par Erwan Berger Erwan par coordonné ANALYSE­ 19 L’Hallyu, les enjeux économiques du soft power sud- coréen Par Victoria Luc ANALYSE­ 26 L’essor des cosmétiques coréens : vers un rééqui- librage de la beauté mondiale Par Victor Rouault ANALYSE­ 31 Korean Contemporary Art Par Erwan Berger Dossier spécial Corée spécial Dossier ENTRETIEN­ 42 Malaysia, its roots, its present, its future, its challenges and its plan to achieve its objectives Avec H.E. Mr Dato’ Ibrahim Abdullah, Ambassadeur de Malaisie en France Réalisé par Erwan Berger et Romain Bartolo Les Cahiers du Comité Asie de l’ANAJ-IHEDN été 2016 ANALYSE­ 13 58 L’Asie et les objectifs de développement durable 2015-2030 Par Florence Geoffroy ANALYSE­ 62 Le Corridor économique Chine-Pakistan (CPEC) : objectifs, enjeux et faisabilité Par Mathilde Roustan ANALYSE­ 67 Homeland, saison 4 : de la série TV à la géopolitique du Pakistan (2e partie) Par Pauline Lovera ANALYSE­ 75 The next big thing: Indo-US ties equal to an alliance Par Brij Khindaria PUBLICATIONS 85 Revues, essais et trauvaux de recherche Sélectionnés par le Comité Asie RÉSUMÉS / ABSTRACTS 94 Résumés des articles CONTRIBUTEURS 98 Les contributeurs du n°13 PUBLICATIONS 101 Les publications des Comités de l'ANAJ-IHEDN Les opinions exprimées dans les différents articles n’engagent que la responsabilité de leurs auteurs. ÉDITORIAL L'opportunité du développement L’AUTEUR ANAJ-IHEDN célèbre cette année son 20ème anniversaire. Deux décennies de réfexion sur les enjeux de la Défense, et plus lar- Dr Coline Ferro L'gement sur la géopolitique, la diplomatie et la marche du monde. Auditeur-jeune de Les Cahiers du Comité Asie sont l’un des fruits de cette dynamique que les l’IHEDN membres bénévoles du Comité Asie, étudiants ou professionnels, ont su (69e session, Paris, 2011) insufer à l’ANAJ-IHEDN. Ce 13ème opus ne dérogera pas à la qualité des Membre du Comité Asie productions à laquelle nous espérons vous avoir habitués. Dans ce numéro, nous consacrons un dossier spécial à la République de Corée, coordonné par Erwan Berger. Petit état en superfcie (99.618 km²) certes, mais déjà beaucoup moins si l’on considère sa population (51,4 millions d’habitants), et encore moins petit lorsqu’il s’agit d’économie. Car la Corée s’est révélé être un dragon asiatique. Elle a su se hisser au 13ème rang parmi les puissances économiques mondiales avec un PIB de 1 411 milliards de dollars en 2014. Séoul, la capitale, est à l’image de ce dynamisme économique mais aussi L’opportunité de l’essor du développement durable dans les sociétés modernes. Dans du dévelop- une interview menée par Erwan Berger et Rakyung Park, le maire de Séoul pement Park Won-soon présente son plan de développement urbain avec l’ambi- tion d’en faire une « sharing city ». Il en dresse un premier bilan, quatre 5 années après son lancement. Valentin Maricourt s’intéresse à l’évolution spectaculaire de l’industrie de défense sud-coréenne, faisant de la Corée un acteur clé du marché mondial de l’armement. La Corée, c’est aussi un soft power qui prend une importance considé- rable, notamment en Occident. Cette « vague » baptisée Hallyu touche le cinéma, la musique, la gastronomique… Victoria Luc étudie l’engouement pour la culture coréenne mais aussi ses retombées économiques. Victor Rouault s’intéresse plus particulièrement au secteur des cosmétiques et Erwan Berger à celui de l’art contemporain alors que se déroule les Années croisées France-Corée. Autre pôle économique de la région, la Malaisie qui afche 4,7% de crois- sance en 2015. L’Ambassadeur de Malaisie à Paris Dato’ Ibrahim Abdullah, interviewé par Romain Bartolo et Erwan Berger, détaille l’évolution écono- mique de son pays et ses objectifs de développement. Il évoque aussi la place de la Malaisie au sein de l’ASEAN et la collaboration entre les Etats- membres, la géopolitique en Mer de Chine du Sud, les relations franco-ma- laisiennes ou encore la problématique de l’environnement quelques mois après la COP 21. L’Asie du Sud sera ensuite notre point focal. A cet égard, Florence Geof- froy analyse les enjeux de l’Agenda 2015-2030 dans cette vaste région, au regard des défs de la pauvreté, la pollution et les inégalités qui cristallisent Les Cahiers du Comité Asie de l’ANAJ-IHEDN été 2016 les tensions. Mathilde Roustan, quant à elle, s’intéresse au Corridor économique Chine-Pakistan 13 (CPEC) et son intégration dans la stratégie économique de la « nouvelle route de la soie » mise en place par le gouvernement chinois. Reliant la ville de Kashgar dans la province chinoise du Xinjiang au port pakistanais de Gwadar aux abords du golfe Persique, ce corridor pourrait changer la conf- guration géostratégique de la région. Pauline Lovera poursuit son étude de la série étasunienne Homeland dont la saison 4 se déroule au Pakistan. Soulignant les expressions des préoccupations sécuritaires américaines post-11 sep- tembre 2001 dans les diférents épisodes de la saison, elle met en exergue la manière dont le Pakis- tan est devenu un sanctuaire de violence, d’islamisme radical et de terrorisme. Enfn, Brij Khindaria montre à quel point le pays de Narendra Modi s’est engagé dans un tournant politique, économique et diplomatique. Il se traduit notamment par le rapprochement de l’Inde avec les Etats-Unis et ses principaux alliés. Il se réalise aussi dans la volonté indienne de s’afrmer face la Chine, tant sur le plan diplomatique qu’économique. Les défs sont de taille pour les deux prochaines années. Il s’agit pour le Premier Ministre Narendra Modi, qui reste populaire au terme de deux ans de pouvoir, de poursuivre les réformes socio-économiques au sein de son pays et de répondre aux attentes des jeunes et des entrepreneurs qui aspirent à voir des changements plus rapides. En vous souhaitant une bonne lecture ! L’opportunité du dévelop- pement 6 ENTRETIEN Seoul’s vision as a Sharing City INTERVIEW oth concerned by sustai- There is no other city like Seoul that WITH nable development, energy has achieved an economic growth in Btransition, circular econo- such a short period of time that we Won-soon Park my, etc, we had the idea to inter- all know as the “Miracle of Hangang Elected as Seoul’s 35th view Mayor Park about the project River” following that trail of miracle; Mayor, in 2011 and re- of Sharing City that he launched today it has taken the world focus elected in 2014 as Seoul’s in 2012.
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