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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author’s full name: Zahra Neshatdoust Date of birth : 5th Dec 1983 Title : The effect of physical elements on identity of square Academic Session : 2011/2012 (1) I declare that this thesis is classified as: CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)* RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was done)* ⁄ OPEN ACCESS I agree that my thesis to be published as online open access (full text) I acknowledged that University Technology Malaysia reserves the right as follows: 1. The thesis is the property of University Technology Malaysia. 2. The Library of University Technology Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only. 3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange. Certified by: SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR J11548710 ASSOC.PROF.Dr . Hasanuddin Bin Lamit (NEW IC NO. /PASSPORT NO.) NAME OF SUPERVISOR DATE: 20January 2012 DATE: 20January 2012 SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION “I hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion this thesis is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Master of Urban Design” Signature : .................................................... Name of Supervisor : ASSOC. PROF. Dr. Hasanuddin Bin Lamit Date : January 2012 ii To my mom, Whose sunshine of kindness still shines in my heart and will never set. iii THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ELEMENTS ON IDENTITY OF SQUARE ZAHRA NESHATDOUST A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Urban Design Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JANUARY 2012 iv I declare that this thesis entitled “The effect of physical elements on identity of square” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree. Signature : Name : Zahra Neshatdoust Date : January 2012 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly with the blessing of God, I have successfully completed this project in time. Many dedicated folks assisted me in preparing this dissertation .I would like to express my sincere appreciation to them, in particular to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Hasanuddin Bin Lamit who was an amazing motivator and assist me with his encouragement and critics. I am also very thankful to my lecturer Associate Professor Dr. Syed Zainol Abidin Syed Idid and Mr Chau Loon Wai. I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to my family whom my gratitude is boundless. vi ABSTRACT In the last three decades, the concept of public space has been redefined within the context of urban space development. However, with the rapid pace of development, social shifting and subsequent commercialization, the image of these places is being lost. Considering the square as traffic intersection that only exists to separate the auto orientation which formed and decorated with vegetation and cascade or fountains is not following the main goal of the city and it is not moving through the right direction. Such designs only cause to lose the social and aesthetic function of city. The concept of identity is almost lost in recent squares. The awareness of the physical elements as an effective item to bring identity to the squares is significantly low. Urban public squares, within the context of public spaces, are essential components of cities because they provide spaces for social interaction, which thereby, support the civilization and humanization of people through hearing others and being heard by others, gathering, lingering and wandering through, and engaging into various activities. This study explored the physical element effectiveness on identity and character of the square. The main concern of this study is focusing on people‟s perception regarded to the sense of belonging and sense of place which resulted to a good public square. The urban square criteria and special quality of physical element have been studied in Melaka Dutch square. The study extracted the meaning of a good urban square respected to identity due to physical elements through visitor‟s eyes. My research gives a perspective of identifiable physical element in case of Melaka Dutch square and discusses about how to bring back life in square as a public space according to enhancing the quality of elements. Key word: Public space, social interaction, identity of square, physical element, vii ABSTRAK Pada tiga dekad yang lalu, konsep tempat umum telah diperkenalkan semula dengan konteks pembangunan ruang urban. Walaubagaimanapun, kadar pembangunan yang pesat, social yang berubah-ubah dan pengkormersilan yang berterusan, imej tempat-tempat ini semakin menghilang. Pertimbangkan lapangan sebagai persimpangan lalu lintas yang hanya wujud untuk memisahkan orentasi auto yang telah membentuk dan mendekorasi dengan tumbuh-tumbuhan dan lata atau air pancut-air pancut adalah tidak mengikut matlamat utama bandar itu dan ia tidak bergerak menerusi arahan yang sepatutnya. Seperti rekabentuk-rekabentuk yang hanya menyebabkan fungsi sosial dan estetik bandar itu hilang. Konsep identity hampir hilang dalam lapangan kini. Kebimbangan terhadap elemen-elemen fizikal sebagai medium efektif yang membawa identity kepada lapangan adalah semakin menurun. Lapangan umum urban, dimana konteks tempat umum, adalah komponen-komponen penting sesuatu bandar kerana ia menyediakan tempat-tempat untuk interaksi sosial, yang mana dengan demikian, menyokong peradaban dan humanisasi manusia dengan menjadi pendengar kepada yang lain-lain dan orang lain menjadi pendengar kepada kita, berkumpul, berimpian bersama, dan terlibat dengan pelbagai aktiviti. Kajian ini menjelejah keberkesanan elemen fizikal terhadapa identity dan sifat sesuatu lapangan. Keprihatinan utama kajian ini adalah focus kepada persepsi orang awam berhubung dengan naluri memiliki dan naluri setempat yang mana member kesan kepada lapangan yang baik. Kriteria lapangan urban dan kualiti istimewa elemen fizikal telah dikaji di lapangan Melaka Dutch. Kajian ini mengekstrak maksud lapangan urban yng baik berlandaskan identiti yang disebabkan oleh elemen fizikal menerusi mata-mata pelawat. Kajian saya memberi perspektif terhadap mengenalpasti lemen-elemen fizikal dalam hal lapangan Melaka Dutch ini dan membincangkan tentang bagaimana untuk membawa semula kehidupan dalam lapangan sebagai tempat umum dengan menigkatkan kualiti elemen-elemennya. viii Table of Contents CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Declaration ............................................................................................................... i Dedication ............................................................................................................... ii Thesis title .............................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgment ..................................................................................................... v Abstract .................................................................................................................. vi Abstrak .................................................................................................................. vii Table Of Contents ................................................................................................ viii List Of tables ......................................................................................................... xii List Of figure ........................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Back ground ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem statement ............................................................................................ 4 1.3 Aim and objectives .......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research questions ........................................................................................... 5 1.5 Significant of study .......................................................................................... 5 1.6 Scope of study .................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Research methodology ..................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Defining urban square ...................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Urban square within the special context ........................................... 11 2.1.1.1 Urban space ......................................................................... 11 2.1.1.2 Public space ........................................................................ 13 2.1.1.2.1 The relationship between buildings, monuments and public square ............................................................. 14 ix 2.2 Roles of Urban square .................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Physical roles ..................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Social roles ......................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Symbolic roles ..................................................................................