The American Journal of Applied Sciences IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-0992) 2020: 5. 276 Published: September 25, 2020 | Pages: 54-65 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume02Issue09-10

Environmental Tourism: Its Status And Future Prospects In

Nigmatov Askar Nigmatullaevich Doctor Of Geographical Sciences, Professor. Department Of “Geodesy, Cartography And Natural Resources”, Karakalpak State University Named After Berdak, Uzbekistan

Journal Website: http://usajournalshub.c Imomov Sanjar Mukhamadievich om/index,php/tajas Chief Specialist Of The Department For The Development Of Ecological, Agrotourism, Sports And Medical Tourism Under The State Committee For Tourism Development Of Uzbekistan Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence.

ABSTRACT

The article reveals the fundamental theoretical basis of ecotourism. Through accurate data, on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its current situation is analyzed and proposals for future prospects are made.

KEYWORDS

Tourism, ecotourism, concept, purpose, functions, object, subject, directions, Uzbekistan, status, future occupation, recommendations.

INTRODUCTION

One of the areas of tourism, which is 1). This term is a science, education and developing in the structure of the tourism practice, which consists of the sum of two industry in an accelerated fashion, is terms.The term ecology is formed from a "ecological tourism" or "ecotourism"(figure combination of words in the Greek language

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oikos–House, place of residence, more individuals are citizens of a particular state, precisely the place of residence, logos– foreign citizens, stateless persons. According doctrine. The term"tourism" in French means to Article 50 of the Constitution of Uzbekistan, tourisme–travel, recreation, as well as sports all citizens, including those engaged in and the performance of universal or political- tourism, are obliged to treat the environment educational tasks. with caution to the natural environment. Tourist movements of individuals are characterized by the fact that in most cases In a narrow sense, both terms are generalized they pass spontaneously, that is, they have a ecological tourism (ecotourism) – the travel of certain organizational and managerial people to the environment in which organisms capacity. According to data, individuals who live. are engaged in environmental tourism are 3-4 times more likely to damage the natural environment than the legal entities. Birigina In a broad sense, ecological tourism is the has raised 13-16 million dollars per day to ability of individuals to relax from their nature through "free" holistic tourists in permanent places of residence, to engage in Louisiana, USA. dollar thalophate is being sprot, to be healthy, to carry out educational brought. Local government agencies as an and spiritual (universal) work, or to travel to environmental measure it is allowing natural objects with the aim. individuals to be forced into "environmental certification" and "environmental insurance".

The unlike a person, a legal entity, a tourist The subject of environmental tourism, or its organization under its own status, having a participants, can come out both physical and special permit, carrying out the corresponding legal entities. According to civil law, expenses related to

The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 55 The American Journal of Applied Sciences IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-0992) 2020: 5. 276 Published: September 25, 2020 | Pages: 54-65 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume02Issue09-10

1- figure. Tourism in the world, including the development of ecotourism and geotourism

Tourism in the balance and estimate, is degree of opportunity to manage and considered a person who is able to respond to regulate, and are considered legal entities. negative environmental consequences with Therefore, the development of environmental his property or be a plaintiff. In other words, tourism in the status of a legal entity with state, non-governmental and self-governing special training and responsibility in the future bodies are participants in environmental is one of the main tasks of the international tourism, which is characterized by a high community, state and society.

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More than 30 companies adapted to organizations and specialists. As a result, it is ecotourism are operating in Uzbekistan: the difficult to find accurate statistical information state branch of development of Uzbekistan, about it, the target, that is, pure The state branch of Ecology and environmental conceptions of national, Environmental Protection, the state branch of regional and global development have not Forestry, The State geological and mineral been developed, relevant programs and plans resources, as well as the Federation of have not been adopted. ecotourism, the Federation of extreme and mountaineering, the Society of geography and MATERIALS AND METHODS on this day more than 30 companies are Thus, ecotourism is the travel of people from operating Together with them, it is desirable places of their permanent residence in an to organize responsible trips to the beautiful ecological direction (in character) that they do natural places of our republic, to the surrounding nature or to certain natural to acquaint our citizens with the nature of our objects, while pursuing goals such as country, to develop normative documents, recreation for a certain period of time, playing regulations, programs, recommendations for sports, performing health, educational and the development of ecotourism and direct spiritual activities. Its tourist object is ecosystems. And the goal is tourism, aimed at their efforts for their implementation. protecting ecosystems, rational use of natural In this place, it is necessary to clarify two resources of ecosystems and the restoration issues. What kind of efforts of those is exactly of degraded natural systems (figure 2). tourism. Tourism is the departure (travel) of an individual from a permanent place of In this regard, we should particularly note that residence without engaging in activities ecotourism is a tourism in the style that pursues environmental goals. After all, it is not related to the receipt of income from sources at the required level of targeted actions that in the country (place) of temporary stay. A reflect its original content and essence when tourist is a natural person who travels to the country of temporary stay (place) for a period organizing various ecotouristic companies, of twenty-four hours to twelve months in a when developing Ecotours and bringing them row, without engaging in activities related to to the tourist market, when making tax and the receipt of income from sources in the duty payments, when developing plans and country of temporary stay (place), or who programs. With ecotourism, natural tourism, spends at least one night in the country of sports tourism, agroturism, geotourism, rural temporary stay. tourism are mixed. Ecotourism is a responsible journey that is With ecotourism, natural tourism, sports carried out with the aim of socio-economic tourism, agroturism, geotourism, rural tourism support of nature-protected objects and are mixed. With ecotourism, individuals territories, increasing the awareness of the between the ages of 35-54, (usually 80% of local population, forming their knowledge and students, mostly 50% of women and 50% of understanding about nature . But since men), most of them are regular tourists, ecotourism is a relatively new field of Science, interested in Nature Conservation and willing to spend more. According to the FAO, a direction of education and a network of ecotourists in many ways differ from ordinary Economics, its theoretical and practical bases have not yet been created in the world. tourists in that they travel a long distance; Ecotourism is interpreted differently by length of days of stay; aspiring to physical different countries, international

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movement and innovation; are distinguished by the nature.

Figure 2. The concept, purpose and functions of ecotourism

Worldwide, the share of the travel and on environmental and local population tourism industry in Yaim for the years 2000- extravagance goals. As an example, in 2019 is on average from 9,3 to 10.9 percent, addition to the fact that sustainable tourism is and in the years 2020-2029 is directly $5,5 trl. developing in the countries of Malaysia, and the total contribution is $18 trl. It is Thailand, China and Turkey, it is also evident predicted to be on account of the US dollar. that tourists are under pressure from the visit The growth rate of ecotourism is 2-3 times to the ecosystem. higher than the growth rate of the general tourism industry. Ecological tourism is one of Ecotourism environmental instruments and restore activation strengthening "quality". the new directions of modern tourism, and Ecotourism following nature will meet now the tourist flow, unlike the twentieth directly, bukhariy by of feel Atisha, nature century, is changing from developed countries to developing countries. According to data, in coined fol ladies Oles and egotisitical nemili the year 2020, 10 percent of the market was man for big value profession these englisha occupied by the year 2019, covering 35 direction. percent of the market. According to a Ecotourism is an inherently deprived consumer survey conducted by the component or uning-an external unbroken International Organization for tourism, as a component. Kishilarning she nature objeclive result of climate change, beaches ecotourism kirilgan tourism ecotourism Kirillov. The welcomes travel, because most of the natural essence of an 2 cutter object that can benefits derived from ecotourism are focused be described:

The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 09-2020 58 The American Journal of Applied Sciences IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-0992) 2020: 5. 276 Published: September 25, 2020 | Pages: 54-65 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume02Issue09-10

1)Monuments of nature (waterfalls, caves, The purpose of ecotourism is the rational use trees and their compositions, rare species of of nature in the tourist direction in order to flora and fauna, underground treasures and ensure the ecological safety and sustainable finds, Stones of a specific form, etc.) that are development of the present and future relatively untouched or unchanged and have generations. In order to realize the purpose of not lost the character of their natural ecotourism, international organizations and origin.the G.), natural elements and rocks, national sources of legislation require us to such as landscapes, water aquatoriums, land carry out the following tasks: surface, atmospheric layer. These include  areas that are mainly protected separately by Development of special laws for the formation of the ecotourism industry and the state, such as biosphere reserves, the creation of their legal framework; reserves, order reserves, national natural  Development of theoretical foundations parks, and areas that are "Absolut" of the state. of ecotourist Science, Education and practice; 2) Monuments of nature, changed as a result  Raising the environmental consciousness of people's activities (anthropogen) or natural and culture of the population through processes and phenomena (disasters). These ecotourism; include more than three hundred geographic  Establishment of education and training objects, quarries, techno-ruined lands, cut and in the direction of ecotourism; burned forests, ravines, surges, lungs. This  Solution of issues of social protection of place can be cited as the largest object of local population of eco-tourism; ecotourism, as an example, the Aral Sea and  Training and retraining of specialists in the surrounding ruined territories. ecotourism;  Comprehensive evaluation of ecotouristic In general, for the object of ecotourism, each objects and their cadastre; object of tourism must meet the following  To establish monitoring and perspective requirements:: of ecotourism;  The fact that organisms have a place or  Zone of the territory of our country on place of residence, that is, they do not ecotourism; leave the biosphere circle;  Establishing the activities of types of  Have changed or not changed due to tourism by legal entities and physical natural origin; persons engaged in ecotourism and  The possibility of staying on the beaches establishing measures to support them in for more than 24 hours or staying at night; legal terms;   Participation in the exchange of Develop tactical plans and strategic substances and energy in environmental programs and plans for ecotourism of systems. states and the international community;  Create a ome that encourages positive The subject of ecological tourism is tourism of actions on ecotourism; an ecological nature.  To impose economic liability sanctions against environmental offenders; This means that tourism is aimed at protecting  Conservation of Biological diversity, etc.k. the natural environment of the environment 1. "Today, - said the president of the and preserving it, restoring the damaged Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, - nature unsurlari andeksexs, rational and the problems of environmental security, effective use of Natural Resources. the proper establishment of natural

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relations with man in the 21st century kiss the restoration of broken nature are more pressing than ever. After all, the complexes, that is, it should be of solution of this problem is in the interests environmental importance. of all peoples, the bug and the future of 7. The fact that ecotourism is inextricably world civilization in many ways are linked with other types of tourism, such connected with it." as historical, cultural, religious tourism. 2. The performance of the above tasks is This means that it is better to visit considered one of the most alternative historical monuments (for example: ways to ensure the environmental rights , , ), which are of people. Think for yourself, a lot of talk now well established, to visit cultural and about the shortage of water and land in religious holy places Uzbekistan and their preservation 8. (Religious objects such as the 3. And the animations displayed may not ensemble, at-Termiziy, Al-Bukhari and always lead to the expected results. Khoja Ahmad Yassavi), along with Therefore it is necessary that our wise tourism types such as cruising and people visiting, set out to take ecotouristic 4. "The one who saw a stage better than routes. the one who heard the face," says. 9. The obligation of ecotourist in all Through ecotourism, humans make educational institutions of the direction appropriate independent decisions, of Tourism and service. Also on this day is discuss with others, consider and the obligation of ecotourism education in compare the nature of the environment all educational institutions of the in which they live. In the laconic words direction of Tourism and service. This "seeing one makes thanks and thinking means that 10 colleges under the Ministry seeing. Environmental tourism also has of Tourism Development, 2 Technical enormous opportunities to educate Universities and the International people who are environmentally University of Tourism"", as well conscious and cultured who are exactly as in educational institutions related to thinking and expressing gratitude, and to tourism (Samarkand Institute of spend their profits from tourism for the Economics and service, restoration of degraded or degraded University of Economics and diplomacy, natural objects. Only, it is desirable that Singapore Institute of management these actions are scientifically based and development in Tashkent, Tashkent State based on the recommendations that have Agrarian University, Children's centers of been verified in practice. the generation of harmonious under the 5. In carrying out these tasks, it is necessary ministry", Development of programs and to comply with the following ecotouristic, plans, creation of educational literature that is, rules aimed at regulating and their implementation in the environmental relations through tourism: educational process (such as" ecotourism 6. Priority of issues of nature protection and service"," ecotourist kid", "marketing and sustainable development in ecotourism. promotion", "local economy", This means that at least 24 hours of trips environmental education). that people are making to nature, at least 10. The fact that eco-hazardous and 30-35 percent of the revenue from degraded nature komplexs are also an environmental protection, rational use of ecotouristic object. This means that trips Natural Resources, should be directed to to specially protected areas, such as the the regulation of ecological relations and ruined and crisis nature complexes (the

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Aral Sea and its environs, the territories that they perform vital functions, such as under the influence of the Turzunzadeh restoring their health, living a healthy life. aluminum plant, the regions such as 15. The need for the formation of national Chernobyl, Almalyk and Uchkuduk pride and pride in ecotourism. Traveling industrial districts) or a reserve with a to the Bay of nature, increasing the unique landscape appearance, the order population's love for their country, reserve, the National Garden, the Natural Homeland, instilling in them a sense of Reserve, raise tourists' environmental patriotism, that is, the absorption of the awareness and culture, teach them requirements of a national idea. 11. The rational use of nature and the

content of conservation of nature is a unified system of local, regional and DISCUSSION AND RESULTS global Ecotourism. Every tourist firm or individual should feel responsibly to In order to attract tourists to the nature, tourists that the activities they carry out unique flora and fauna of Uzbekistan, it will be on ecological routes are not only their necessary to solve organizational and legal neighborhood, but also their sacred duty issues for the implementation of the above- before the state, society and the mentioned ecotouristic prints. international community. The Department of bio-health and ecotourism

12. Of immense importance in the was opened in the State Department of sustainable development of ecotourism Ecology and Environmental Protection of the in the cultivation of environmental Republic of Uzbekistan. Buxoro specialized consciousness and culture of the local gazelle pitomnigi16522 km2 hectare area, for population. It is necessary to prove to the the development of ecotourism in the population that the development of the nursery, a scientific and economic-based ecotourism industry at the local level can program on the conservation and be carried out directly through reproduction of low-flying noyo6 pairs of ecotourism, by understanding that the ungulate animals (Gazelles, buxoro sheep, increase in the income of the people Buxoro bug, morhur) in was living here can lead to both economic and approved. The program of ecotourism, social protection and the preservation of recreation and agroturism is being developed their living space. in the system of Aydar-Arnasoy lakes located

13. Environmental tourism in the state, 65 km northwest of the city of Jizzakh. In society, local government bodies. 2000 hectares (Hazrati Sultan plateau, Environmental tourism in the state, Suvtushar waterfalls and dinosaur tracks and society, local government bodies.This Amir Temur cave), which were transferred means that ecotourism is at the same from the territory of Hisar State Reserve to its time one of the main means of bringing reserve zone in kashkadarya region, were additional income to the state and the transferred from the Reserve zone to its population, reducing poverty and reserve zone for ecological tourists.The introducing Uzbekistan to the world, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of regulation of Public Relations. Uzbekistan approved the program

14. Ecological-socio-economic viability in "development of ecotourism in some ecotourism. Ecotourism is not only to protected natural areas of the Republic of take advantage or keep the population Uzbekistan (4 national nature parks, 6 state busy with work, but also to remember order reserves, all monuments of nature)" on

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August 5, 2020 with the number 05/1-3553. hunting and fishing land, 206 species of Also, the status of the book geology reserve animals listed in the Red Book Of The Republic the book is planned to become the National of Uzbekistan, 314 species of plants,32 species Nature Park of Geology and include it in the of mammals, 52 species of birds, 21 species of list of UNESCO geo parks in keljak. As such, reptiles, 18 species of Fish and 83 species of the forest sector is selected as potential farms invertebrates are just three of us. 4 national for the development of ecotourism in parks 555 154 km², 11 natural monuments 3 760 specialized Forestry such as Bobotogh, Uzun km², 12 state order Reserve 572 404 km², 2 district, Kitab, , Yakkabag, Bakhmal, Biosphere Reserves 111 670 km², Bukhara Zomin, Jondor, Khorezm, Kokand, Burchmulla specialized Gazelle pitomnigi16 522 km²and and Pop in the state agricultural system. Saygachi lanshaft order 62 830 km², 7 State Reserve (Hisar, Zaamin, Surkhon, Nurota, In general, Uzbekistan is one of the leading Kyzylkum State Reserve) 62 830 km2, 7 State countries in Central Asia in terms of its tourist Reserve (Hisar, Zaamin, Surkhon, Nurota, resources potential, and in the world it Kyzylkum State Reserve) chotkol state occupies a high place in 10-15 countries. On the Biosphere Reserve, saykhun state biosphere territory of the Republic there are more than reserve) area 186 335 km², 2020-2022 for the four and a half thousand monuments of years additional 5 units in the command architecture, history and natural origin in system is organized. All this is 1 508675 km² or different geological and social periods. Think 3.4% of the territory of Uzbekistan (Figure 3). for yourself that now in Uzbekistan there are unique beautiful nature, landscapes, unique According to the state agency for the flora and fauna, archaeological finds with a development of Tourism, Uzbekistan received rare World Heritage, paleontological remains, 2.7 million from abroad in 2017,5.3 million from Geological incisions that are rare in the world, abroad in 2018. In 2019 year which can attract the attention of citizens and foreign tourists. 6.7 million. tourists (85,4% came from Middle Asian countries to travel, trade and see According to the State Department for relatives, 7,3% came from CIS countries and Ecology and Environmental Protection, the 7.2% from other countries. However, our biodiversity of the Republic of Uzbekistan country's capacity is at least 30 million. equal consists of more than 27 000 species. For to tourists. In 2019, the contribution of tourist example, more than 8000 natural services amounted to only 0.6 % of the gross monuments,38 million. more than hectares of national product.

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Number of tourists arrivals in to Uzbekistan from 2017 to 2019yy. 8,000,000

6,748,512 7,000,000

5,764,480 6,000,000 5,346,219

5,000,000 4,614,192

4,000,000

2,690,074 3,000,000 2,371,579

2,000,000

1,000,000 406,200 325,827 495,630 488,402 137,213 181,282 0 2017 y. 2018 y. 2019 y.

TOTAL number of tourists Central Asian countries CIS (other countries) other countries

But is this organizational and legal framework their regulations in the presence of the adequate for the effective functioning of relevant state bodies. National Ecotourism? Of course not!In our country, a single normative-legal document Support for projects of non-governmental aimed at the development of ecotourism and organizations engaged in ecotourism is attracting tourists has not been developed. required. In Uzbekistan, it is aimed to expand Taking into account the rich ecotouristic the various forms of property provision of opportunities of our country, it is desirable to ecotouristic services and to support issue a decree or a decree "on the state entrepreneurial activity in it, as well as program of measures for the development of preferential lending, taxation of persons ecotourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan in engaged in ecotourism, the release of products that are not possible to produce by 2020-2025"and to adopt the relevant decision ourselves in customs payments. For him, a of the Cabinet of Ministers. In the program, it is necessary to identify measures for the comprehensive and in–depth analysis of the gradual development of ecotourism in our regulatory system of ecotourism, their country, its implementation, material and improvement, the introduction of appropriate financial resources, duration of additions and changes, and the creation of the implementation and responsibilities.As ecotourist-legal framework is a modern follows from the program, it is necessary to requirement. Individuals and legal entities establish special departments and develop engaged in ecotourism will need to develop model projects and business plans, create a

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database of material-technical, information- CONCLUSION analytical, operational services. The socio-economic issues of ecotourism are World experience shows that in order to directly related to the employment of the develop ecotourism in our country, first of all, population in the objects of ecotourism and it will be necessary to establish ecotouristic the solution of the problems of their social science, education, upbringing and protection, the creation of conditions for the promotion. For this purpose, acceleration of development of small and medium-sized scientific research on ecotourism, allocation of businesses. According to experts , as long as state grants on fundamental, practical and ecotourists are often composed of travelers innovative projects and conducting who have a medium or high investment, competitions; coordination of scientific works; provide a comprehensive. Because this type of in order to prepare highly qualified personnel, tourism is very limited and expensive, even it is necessary to consider the issue of entering the revenue generated is more effective than special passwords (for example: "ecotourism Boka tourism. management and business", "economy of ecotourism") in the composition of specialized Well, the development of National Ecotourism councils of the Oak under the Cabinet of is one of the most urgent issues, and it is one of the factors that ensure the sustainable Ministers. development of any state. Professional College of such specialties as" ecotourist service"," ecotourist marketing and management"," ecotourism gidi"," local REFERENCES economy","ecological education", technical school, as well as in higher educational institutions, Bachelor's, master's, doctoral 1. Экология. Экология: русча-ўзбекча studies, that is, it is required to ensure the луғат. – Тошкент: «ЎМЭ» ДИН, 2012. 422- continuity of training of personnel in the 424-б. relevant direction. It is necessary to develop 2. Туризм. Краткий словарь иностранных state educational standards, model слов. – Москва: «Изд.иностр.и educational programs and plans on нац.словарей»,1958.– С.404. ecotourism, to create educational, educational 3. Отчет Межправительственной and methodical literature, to improve the skills комиссии по туризму.-Гаага,1989.-123 с. of personnel and to establish training of their 4. Ўзбекистон Республикасининг “Туризм retraining. In order to cultivate the тўғрисида”ги қонуни, 2019й. ЎРҚ 549- ecotouristic consciousness and culture of the сон.3-модда. population, it is possible to organize in the 5. Ўзбекистон Республикасининг “Туризм media a special branch and series dedicated to тўғрисида”ги қонуни, 2019й. ЎРҚ 549- ecotourism, conduct competitions, quizzes сон.3-модда. and, even more so, lottery games. It is 6. https://www.responsibletravel.org/docs. desirable to publish scientific, popular 7. Нигматов А.Н. «Экотуризм ва унинг publications (cards, booklets, atlases, географик хусусиятлари» (Наманган calendars, etc.) dedicated to ecotourism, to вилояти мисолида). Монография. – Т.: increase their sites on the internet, social «Наврўз» нашриёти, 2019. – 148 б. networks. Formation of ecotourism business. 8. https://news.un.org/ru/story/2011/09/1190 Breaking through ecotourism to national ideas 491 and proud tourists is a very important issue.

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9. https://www.statista.com/statistics/10999 33/travel-and-tourism-share-of-gdp . 10. https://www.statista.com/statistics/10934 86/travel-tourism-gdp-worldwide- outlook.

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