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Herman Melville HERMAN MELVILLE A Retrospective of His Works on the th Anniversary of Moby-Dick Shown in the Chapin Library of Rare Books Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts May - September , Herman Melville: A Retrospective on the th Anniversary of Moby-Dick T , , is the th anniversary In January Melville took ship aboard the whaler of the publication of Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick. Acushnet bound for the South Seas. Whaling was a It was his sixth book, and during his lifetime not a hard business, hard enough that Melville, with a critical success. Only after the centennial of his birth companion, Toby, deserted when the ship reached in and the publication of Herman Melville: the bay of Nukuheva in the Marquesas Islands. Mariner and Mystic by Raymond M. Weaver () There the two men became prisoner-guests of the were the author and his masterpiece given wider cannibal natives of the Valley of Typee. Toby attention. Since that time, Moby-Dick has appeared escaped after a brief time, but Melville remained for in dozens of editions, abridgments, and adaptations, four months, until being rescued by an Australian and writings about it are legion. whaling vessel. Apart from its high standing in the ranks of Melville was later to draw upon his personal American literature, Moby-Dick is also of local inter- experiences abroad and at sea in several of his books, est. Melville wrote the greater part of it at Arrowhead, including Moby-Dick. But the immediate results of his a farmhouse in Pittsfield, Massachusetts to which he adventures in the Marquesas were a Narrative, better and his family moved in and which remained known by its American title, Typee, published in , his home until . and a continuation, Omoo, in . Typee especially This exhibition commemorates the sesquicenten- made Melville notorious: here was a young writer who nial of Moby-Dick, but also Melville’s other literary had visited Polynesia, made unflattering observations achievements. The Chapin Library is fortunate to about missionaries, and bathed with unclothed native hold most of his writings in first editions, as well as women! The American edition of Typee was slightly several of the best illustrated editions of Moby-Dick bowdlerized by its publisher, who then asked the and early writings about Melville. We are pleased to author to further suppress its more scandalous mount this exhibition as part of a two-year celebration elements. Melville did so for the “revised edition,” of Melville and Moby-Dick initiated by the Friends to which he added a brief sequel, The Story of Toby. of Herman Melville’s Arrowhead and the Berkshire County Historical Society. Herman Melville, – 4 Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life during a Four Months’ Residence in a Valley of the Marquesas Herman Melville, – New York: Wiley and Putnam, Revised edition, third printing Narrative of a Four Months’ Residence among Gift of Alfred C. Chapin, Class of the Natives of a Valley of the Marquesas Islands, or, A Peep at Polynesian Life Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas: London: John Murray, Being a Sequel to the “Residence in the Marquesas First edition, second state, in cloth Islands” Gift of Eleanor M. Metcalf London: John Murray, First edition, in cloth Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life during a Gift of Eleanor M. Metcalf Four Months’ Residence in a Valley of the Marquesas New York: Wiley and Putnam, Eleanor Melville Metcalf, the donor to the Chapin First American edition, in cloth Library of several of the books in this exhibition, Gift of Alfred C. Chapin, Class of was Herman Melville’s granddaughter, and herself the author of Herman Melville: Cycle and Epicycle he found, was not that of a passenger in a comfort- () and editor of Melville’s Journal of a Visit able liner. Nor was his first visit to a foreign shore the to London and the Continent, – (). romantic experience he had imagined. His memories were still vivid when he came to write about them in the summer of , semi-fiction- Herman Melville, – alized as Redburn. Although others have praised it, Mardi: and a Voyage Thither Melville in his journal of called Redburn “a thing New York: Harper & Brothers, which I, the author, know to be trash, and wrote . First American edition, vols. to buy some tobacco with.” His motives for writing Gift of Alfred C. Chapin, Class of were financial, but not so trivial: his wife was preg- nant, and after the failure of Mardi his royalties had Mardi: and a Voyage Thither dwindled and his account with his publisher was Boston: The St. Botolph Society, overdrawn. Redburn was one of two books Melville From the Estate of Samuel E. Allen, Class of wrote in the space of only four months, together “Not long ago,” Melville wrote in his preface to with White-Jacket. Mardi, “having published two narratives of voyages in the Pacific [Typee and Omoo], which, in many Herman Melville, – quarters, were received with incredulity, the thought occurred to me, of indeed writing a romance of White-Jacket, or, The World in a Man-of-War Polynesian adventure, and publishing it as such; London: Richard Bentley, to see whether, the fiction might not, possibly be First edition, vols. received for a verity: in some degree the reverse of Gift of Eleanor M. Metcalf my previous experience.” Mardi, however, far from Melville wrote White-Jacket, like Redburn, in the “verity,” is burlesque, nonsense, satire, allegory, summer of , with income badly needed, and it as the hero of the work, Taji, and his Norse compan- too was drawn on his own experiences, in this case ion Jarl sojourn in Mardi, a realm of transcendental of service aboard the American frigate United States beauty, and then search around the world for the from August to October . Its narrator, maiden Yillah. “From beginning to end,” wrote a young seaman, is nicknamed “White-Jacket” after Meade Minnigerode, “Mardi is gloriously insane. he buys a white peacoat in Peru. The book is a vivid One persists in the belief that Melville enjoyed every account of life aboard a ship of war, of dark moments line of it, even in his most abstruse passages.” Ray- of terrible weather and punishments for minor mis- mond M. Weaver called it “undigested exuberance.” deeds, as well as good humor and high spirits. It was a failure with most critics, and sold poorly. Obed Macy, – Herman Melville, – The History of Nantucket . Together with the Redburn: His First Voyage: Being the Rise and Progress of the Whale Fishery . Sailor-Boy Confessions and Reminiscences of Boston: Hilliard, Gray, the Son-of-a-Gentleman, in the Merchant Service First edition London: Richard Bentley, Gift of Shane Riorden in memory of his mother, First edition, vols. Mildred Blake Gift of Eleanor M. Metcalf Melville quotes from Macy’s book repeatedly in Moby- Melville’s autobiographical novel Redburn is based on Dick. This is both the primary history of Nantucket a voyage he took in from New York to Liverpool and an important source for the history of whaling. and back in the merchantman Highlander. He was Its author had first-hand experience and drew upon strong and brave, but young and naive, and did not local records, many of which were later destroyed know what to expect: life for a sailor in the forecastle, by fire and therefore are preserved only here. Herman Melville, – Rockwell Kent, – Moby-Dick, or, The Whale Typed letter signed, to Lucy Eugenia Osborne, New York: Harper & Brothers, Custodian of the Chapin Library, Williams College First American edition, first binding Ausable Forks, New York, July Gift of Alfred C. Chapin, Class of Gift of J. Brooks Hoffman, M.D., Class of Moby-Dick was first published in three volumes in In this brief letter Kent explains that the design on London by Richard Bentley, with the primary title the upper cover of the Lakeside Press Moby-Dick The Whale but lacking the brief epilogue which represents “an emptied goblet – the cup of life, tells how Ishmael is saved. About a month later, this if you like” above the ocean, but its relationship American edition appeared, in one volume. Praised with Melville’s work is to be felt, not explained. in England but panned in the United States, it receded into the background of American literature until a revival of interest in Melville occurred some two Herman Melville, – decades into the th century. Moby-Dick, or, The Whale Since that time there has been a prodigious amount of writing about Moby-Dick, most of it Paintings by LeRoy Neiman looking beyond its surface story of Captain Ahab’s Preface by Jacques-Yves Cousteau obsession with hunting a great white whale, and Mt. Vernon, N.Y.: The Artist’s Limited Edition, the experiences of Ishmael, Queequeg, Starbuck, One of copies, printed at the Press of A. Colish Stubbs, and the other men of the whaler Pequod out Gift of J. Jeffrey Shedd, Class of of Nantucket, to the ultimate “meaning” of the work. LeRoy Neiman, best known for his paintings of However, there remains no single, definitive answer sporting events, here applies his flamboyant style to this question, no one overarching interpretation to the hunt for the great white whale. – nor can there be, given a work with such a broad canvas, so cosmic a scope, so bottomless a well of thoughts, symbolism, and power. Herman Melville, – Moby-Dick, or, The Whale Herman Melville, – Wood-engravings by Barry Moser Berkeley: University of California Press, Moby-Dick, or, The Whale Library purchase Illustrated by Rockwell Kent Chicago: The Lakeside Press, This edition of Moby-Dick was originally published One of copies in in a larger, deluxe format by the Arion Press Purchased on the Luther S.
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