DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF – 268.7 Kb

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PDF – 268.7 Kb ژوﺋﻴﻪ ٢٠١٠ ﻟﻮﻣﻮﻧﺪ دﻳﭙﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ: ﻣﺎهﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻓﺮهﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﺎوﺷﻲ در اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ اﺟﺮ زﺣﻤﺎت «ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن» ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ را ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪ؟ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﺎﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﻧﺰ (Sebastian Jones)، روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﮕﺎر واﮔﻮﻳﻪ اي از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ را ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻠﺖ (The Nation)، ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اول ﻣـﺎرس ٢٠١٠ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ. ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ درﮔﻴﺮد و ﻳﺎ رﻓﺮم ﻫﺎﺋﻲ (اﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ) در ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ، ﺳـﺎده ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ (و ﺑـﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ) ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن ﻫﺎ، ﻓﺮاﺧﻮاﻧﺪن «ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن» اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﺣﻀﺮات ﻣﻮج وار ﺑﻪ ﺻـﺤﻨﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ رﻳﺰﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻳﺶ را ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻐﺰ ﺧﻼﻳـﻖ ﻓـﺮو ﻛﻮﺑﻨﺪ. ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اﻧﺪ و از ﻗﻴـﺪ ﻋﻼﻳـﻖ آزاد، اﻣـﺎ در واﻗـﻊ اﻏﻠـﺐ ﻣﻘـﺮري ﺑﮕﻴﺮان ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در دﻓﺎع از ﭘﺴﻨﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺎﻧﺸﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎن و دل ﻣﻲ ﻛﻮﺷﻨﺪ. آﻗﺎي ﺑﺎراك اوﺑﺎﻣﺎ در روز ۴ دﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ ٢٠٠٩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ از ﺷﻬﺮ آﻟﻦ ﺗﺎون (Allentown) در اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻨﺴﻴﻠﻮاﻧﻴﺎ ﺑـﻪ دﻳـﺪار ﻛـﺎرﮔﺮان رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺤﺚ و ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﺋﻲ را در ﺑﺎره ﺑﺤﺮان اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ راه اﻧﺪاﺧﺖ. ﻫﻤﺎن ﺷﺐ، آﻗﺎي ﺗﺎم رﻳﺞ (Tom Ridge) ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪار ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ آن اﻳﺎﻟﺖ، از ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﭘﺨﺶ اﺧﺒﺎر ﺳﻔﺮ رﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر ﺑﻬﺮه ﺟﺴﺖ ﺗﺎ از ﻃﺮح اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺧﻮﻳﺶ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ «ﺷﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎخ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻮز» [١] در ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺧﺒﺮ رﺳﺎﻧﻲ داﺋﻢ «MSNBC» ﻛﻪ رﻗﻴﺐ «CNN» و «Fox News» اﺳﺖ ﭘﺮده ﺑﺮدارد. آﻗﺎي رﻳﺞ، از ﻣﻴﺎن «ﮔـﺎم ﻫـﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ» ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎخ ﺳﻔﻴ ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ راه اﻧﺪازي ﻣﺠﺪد اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮدارد ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎت و اﻋﻄﺎي وام ﻫﺎي ﺳﺨﺎوﺗﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪ ﺗﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ را ﺳﻔﺎرش ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮد. وي آﻧﮕﺎه ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻧﻮﺑﺮﺗﺮ از آن اﺻﺮار ورزﻳﺪ و ﺧﻮاﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ رﺋـﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬـﻮر اﻗـﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم را «ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ دان اﻧﺪازد» و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ «ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ» ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ وي ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﭼﻨﺎن «ﺑﺪﻳﻊ» ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ذﻋﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ درآﻣﻴﺰد، ﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ «اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﺻﺎدرات» را روﻧﻖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ. ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪار ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ در ﺣﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﺎﻳﺢ ﻣﺸﻔﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ را ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﻪ ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﻲ ﻃﺮف را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺑـﻮد . اﻣـﺎ آﻧﭽـﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ي ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ از ﻫﺸﺪار ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ، ﻧﻤﻲ داﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ آن ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ آﻗﺎي رﻳﺞ ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ ۵٣٠ ﻫـﺰار و ۶۵٩ دﻻر ﺣﻖ اﻟﺰﺣﻤﻪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻳﺖ در ﺷﻮراي اداري اﻛﺴﻠﻮن (Exelon)، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي ﻛﺸـﻮر را ﺑـﻪ ﺟﻴـﺐ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. درﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ از آن، ﺑﺎري ﻣﻚ ﻛﺎف ري (Barry McCaffrey)، ژﻧﺮال ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ اي ﻛﻪ «راﻳـﺰن ﻧ ﻈـﺎﻣﻲ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ NBC» اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ روي ﻫﻤﺎن ﺷﺒﻜﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ و ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﮓ در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم «ﻛﻮﺷﺶ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ده ﺳـﺎﻟ ﻪ» و ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺻـﺮف «وﺟﻮه ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ » اﺳﺖ. آﻧﺠﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن را آﮔﺎه ﻧﺴﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘ ﺨﺼﺺ، در واﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ د اﻳﻦ ﻛ ﻮرپ (DynCorp)، ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬـﻢ -1 - ژوﺋﻴﻪ ٢٠١٠ ﻟﻮﻣﻮﻧﺪ دﻳﭙﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ: ﻣﺎهﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻓﺮهﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﺳﺎل ٢٠٠٩ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ١٨٢ ﻫﺰار و ٣٠٩ دﻻر ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺶ وارﻳﺰ ﻛـﺮده ﺑﻮد. در ﻟﺤﻈﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ژﻧﺮال ﻳﺎدﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﺪاري از ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺟﻨﮓ داد ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻲ داد ، ﭼﻨﺪي ﻧﮕﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮد ﻛـﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣـﺎي وي ﺑﺮﻧـﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪت ﺑﻪ ارﺗﺶ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ در اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮاردادي ﭘﻨﭻ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ﻛـﻪ ارزش ﻛـﻞ آﻧـﺮا ﺗـﺎ ٩/۵ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد دﻻر ﺑﺮآورد ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ، دو «ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻲ» ﺑﻪ ﻳﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﻜﻪ MSNBC دﻋﻮت ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻧﭽـﻪ از آن دﻓـﺎع ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺴﻮﺋﻲ آﺷﻜﺎري داﺷﺖ. آﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﻮد؟ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻲ. در ﺳﺎل ٢٠٠٣ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ The Nation ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻮﻗﺖ ﻫـﻢ از رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﮕﺎﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ژﻧﺮال ﻣﻚ ﻛﺎف ري را ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎران ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﭘﺮده ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ وي ﺑـﺮ روي ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ از راه ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎزار آﻧﻬﺎ را رواج ﻣﻲ داد. در ﺳﺎل ٢٠٠٨ دﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎرﺳـﺘﻮ ي (David Barstow) روزﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻧﮕـﺎر ، ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ در روزﻧﺎ ﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮرك ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ داد ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻨﺘﺎﮔﻮن [وزارت دﻓﺎع آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ] اﻓﺴﺮان ﺧﻮﻳﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﮔﻤﺎرد ﺗﺎ ﺳﺨﻨﺎن ﻓﺮﻳﺒﻨﺪه اي ﺑﭙﺮاﻛﻨﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎرﻫﺎ اﻓﺘﺨﺎر ﺟﺎﻳﺰه ادﺑـﻲ ﭘـﻮﻟﻴﺘﺰر را ﻧﺼـﻴﺐ وي ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ . در ﺳـﺎل ٢٠٠٩ ﻧﻴـﺰ وﺑﻼگ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺎن ﭘﺮده از راز آﻗﺎي رﻳﭽﺎرد وﻟﻒ (Richard Wolffe) روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﻮزوﻳﻚ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳـﻮﻧ ﻲ «ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﺖ اوﻟﺒﺮﻣﺎن "Keith Olbermann"» در ﺷﺒﻜﻪ MSNNBC ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﻤﺎرده ﺑـﻮد و آﺷـﻜﺎر ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ وي ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺧﺒﺮه در «اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺟﻤﻌﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎ» ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻻﺑﻴﮕﺮاﻳﺎن در اﺳﺘﺘﺎر از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ در ﺳﭙﻬﺮ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ رواج ﻓﺮاوان دار د ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻮرش ﻫﺎي رﺧﻨﻪ ﮔﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻲ راه ﻣﻲ ﮔﺸﺎﻳﻨﺪ . از ﺳﺎل ٢٠٠٧، دﺳﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻫﻔﺘ ﺎد و ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﻦ ار ﻻﺑﻴﮕﺮاﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻮده و در دﻓﺎع از ﺳﻴﻤﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺎن ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﭘﺎداش ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ، ﻳﻜﺎﻳﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻮﺑـﺖ ﺑـﺮ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﻫـﺎي MSNBC، ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻧﻴﻮز، CNBC ،CNN و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ [٢] ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﻧﺪ ، ﺑﻲ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺳﺨﻨﻲ درﺑﺎره ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﻮدآو ر آﻧﻬـﺎ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺷﻮد . اﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ آن ﺷﺒﻜﻪ را دور ﻣﻲ زﻧﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮ روﻳ ﻬﻢ ده ﻫﺎ و ﺣﺘﻲ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎر در ﭘﺮﻧﻔﻮذ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎي [دﻳﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﻴﺪاري] اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ زﻋﻢ اﻳﻦ واﺑﺴﺘﮕﺎن ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎ ي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻠﻴﺘﻲ، ﻣﻄﺮح ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻮ ﻳﺶ در ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﺴـﺘﺮده اي از ﻣﺮدم را ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﻄﻒ و ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻن ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، ﭼﻪ دﻣﻮﻛﺮات و ﭼﻪ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺨﻮاه را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي آﻧﺎن ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻧﺪ. از دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺑ ﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﮕﻮﺋﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺻﺪﻧﺪ زﻣﺎن ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧ ﻮد را ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﻧﺨﺒﮕـﺎن را ﻧﺮﻧﺠﺎﻧﻨﺪ و اﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻲ ﮔﺰﻧﺪﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر اﺧﻼق و آداب ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي ﺧﻮﻳﺶ را زﻳﺮ ﭘﺎ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. درﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﻳﺎن ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺎن ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺷﻴﺪاي ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ ، اﻣﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻓـﺎﻛﺲ ﻧﻴـﻮز و MSNBC در ﺳﺎل ١٩٩۶ ﺳﻜﻮ و ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎر اﻳﻨﺎن را روﻧﻖ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ. از وﻗﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻞ «ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ » در ﺗﻤـﺎم ﻃﻮل ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ روز ﺟﺎري اﺳﺖ ، ﻇﻬﻮر ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﮔﻤﺎرده ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺨﺶ از راه ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻫﻨﮓ دﻟﻬﺮه آوري ﻓﺰوﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ. ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻘﺪر ﺑﺲ ﻛﻪ ارﺷﺎدﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺑﺎره ﺑﺤﺮان اﻗﺘﺼﺎ دي و اﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ، دو ﺣﻮزه اي ﻛﻪ در دوﺳـﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﺪآﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ را ﺑﺴﻨﺠﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ را درﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ. در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺳﺎل ٢٠٠٨ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮج رﻛﻮد و ﻛﺴﺎدي ﻛﺸﻮر را در ﻣﻲ ﻧﻮردﻳﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻏﺮﻗﺎب ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻓﺮو ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ و دوﻟـﺖ [آﻣﺮﻳﻜـ ﺎ] در ﺗﺪارك ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد ﻫﺎ دﻻر ﺑﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ را از ورﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻧﺪ، دار و دﺳﺘﻪ اي از ﻛﺎرﮔﺰاران ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و ﻻﺑﻴﮕﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ -2 - ژوﺋﻴﻪ ٢٠١٠ ﻟﻮﻣﻮﻧﺪ دﻳﭙﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ: ﻣﺎهﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻓﺮهﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮده ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن ﻫﺎ ﻳﻮرش آوردﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮد را ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎي ﻣﻔﺴـﺮاﻧ ﻲ ﺑـﻲ ﻃـﺮف آراﺳـﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ . از ﻣﻴـﺎن آﻧ ﻬـﺎ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎرد و ﻳـﺘﻤﻦ (Bernard Whitman)، رﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه «ﺑﻴﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي راﻫﺒﺮدي وﻳﺘﻤﻦ» [٣] را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد. ﺑﻨﮕﺎه وي ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﻮد ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ دارد ﺗﺎ «راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻻﺑﻴﮕﺮي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﻛﺎرآ و ﻫﺎدي ﻛﺎرزارﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺟﻤﻌﻲ و اﻃﻼع رﺳﺎﻧﻲ [آﻧﺎن] ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮي اﻫـﺪاﻓ ﻲ ﮔﺰﻳـﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ». ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه، دﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻻﺑﻴﮕﺮي و رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ «Ogilvy & Mather» ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺳـﻔﺎرش ﻫـﺎي ﺑﺴـﻴﺎري از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻠﻴﺘﻲ، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺳﻤﺖ و ﺳﻮ دادن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ دوﻟﺖ ﻓﺪرال را ﺑﺮ آورده ﻣـﻲ ﺳـﺎزﻧﺪ . ﺑـﺎ اﻳﻨﻬﻤـﻪ ﻫﺮﺑﺎر ﻛﻪ آﻗﺎي وﻳﺘﻤﻦ ، ﻳﻜﻲ ار ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻛﺎران ﻋﺼﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﺘﻮن ، ﻧﻈﺮاﺗﺶ را در ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰ ﻳﻮن ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ دارد، وي را ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه اي ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎك ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از دﻫﺴﺎل از زﻣﺎن آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي ﻛﻪ در ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ «ﺑﻴﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي راﻫﺒﺮدي وﻳﺘﻤﻦ » آﻣﺪه، اﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه ﻳﺎور ﮔـﺮوه ﺑـﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠـﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎﺋﻲ (AIG)، ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻏﻮل آﺳﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ «اﻧﮓ و ﻧﺸﺎن ﺧﻮﻳﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠﺐ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﭙﺮوراﻧﺪ، ﺑﻴﺎزﻣﺎﻳﺪ، ﺑﻪ راه اﻧﺪازد و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﺪ»، و «ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺑﺎزار ﻫﻤﺴﺎز ﻛﻨﺪ». اﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﮕﺎه ﺻﺪﻫﺎ وﻳﺪﺋﻮ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان را ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻳﻮﺗﻴـﻮب (YouTube) ﻧﻬﺎده ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺟﺮاﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ ارﺑﺎب ﺧﻮد را در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ه اﺳﺖ . دﻳﺪار آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ آﻗﺎي وﻳـﺘﻤﻦ ﭼـﻪ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﻮﻳﺶ دارد . روز ١٨ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ٢٠٠٨ ﻛﻪ او را ﺑﻪ «ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻧﻴﻮز » ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺑﻮد ﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﺳـﺨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺳﺎرا ﭘﻴﻠﻴﻦ [Sara Palin) [۴) ﺑﺪﻫﺪ، ﺗﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮاﻓﺮوﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮ و ﭘﺎي آﻗﺎي ﺟﺎن ﻣﻚ ﻛﻴﻦ ﻧـﺎ ﻣﺰد ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺨﻮاﻫـﺎن ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪ ، ﻛـﻪ ﺟﺮﻣﺶ آن ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ «ﺑﮕﺬارد ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺋﻲ» ﺑﻴﻤﻪ از ﭘﺎ درآﻳﺪ و از اﻳﻨﺮو «ﭼﻴﺰي از اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه اﻣﺮوزي ﺳـﺮ در ﻧﻤﻲ آورد.» روز ٢۵ ﻣﺎرس ٢٠٠٩ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ آﻗﺎي وﻳﺘﻤﻦ ، اﻳﻨﺒﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺖ رﺳﻮاﺋﻲ ﭘﺎداش ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ AIG [ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮان ﺧـﻮﻳﺶ ] داده ﺑـﻮد ﺑـﻪ روي ﺷﺒﻜﻪ «ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻧﻴﻮز » ﺑﺎزآﻣﺪ . ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ AIG در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻄﻒ ﭘﻮل ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺎت دﻫﻨـﺪﮔﺎن آﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎﺋﻲ ﺗـﺎزه از ﮔـﺮداب ورﺷﻜﺴـﺘﮕﻲ رﻫﻴﺪه، دﺳﺘﺨﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدل ۴۵٠ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن دﻻر ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮان ﺧﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪه ﺑﻮد . ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳـﺖ – ﻇﺮﻳـﻒ – ﻣﻔﺴـﺮ اﻳﻨـﻚ آن ﺑـﻮد ﻛـﻪ اذﻫـﺎن ﺑﺮآﺷﻮﺑﻴﺪه را اﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻋﻘﻞ آورد. او ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ «ﻣﺮدم آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺧﺸﻤﮕﻴﻦ اﻧﺪ، اﻣﺮي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان آﻧﺮا ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪ». «اﻣﺎ ﺣﺎل ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ را ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ، ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از واﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻤ ﺎﮔﻴﻦ، دﻟﺴﺮدﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺟﻨﻮن اﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﮔـﺬر ﻛﻨـﻴﻢ و ﺑﻜﻮﺷـﻴﻢ ﺗـﺎ ﻗﻮاﻋـﺪ و ﻗـﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد را درﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ». [در ﺟﻮار اﻳﻦ اﻧﺪرز ﻫﺎ ] ﻫﻴﭽﮕﺎه ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ آﻗـﺎي وﻳـﺘﻤﻦ ﺧـﻮد ﺑـﺮاي ﻫﻤـﺎن «ﮔـﺮوه ﺑـﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠـﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺋﻲ» ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺧﺪﻣﺘﮕﺰاران اﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ، ران ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻲ (Ron Christie) ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Are the Implications of Minimum Wage Regulations on Franchising?
    What Are the Implications of Minimum Wage Regulations on Franchising? Alicia Cofiño Robert Emerson J.D. March 20, 2015 1 Abstract Franchising is often overlooked when people speak about “big business.” However, franchise companies are often those that consumers use almost every day. Franchises include chain restaurants such as McDonald’s and Subway. Additionally, when the legal world and business world intertwine, franchises worldwide are affected. When specific laws about workers are discussed, the effects of these regulations on franchising need to be examined. Specifically, proposed regulations to increase the minimum wage vastly impacts franchisors and franchisees, not just employees and their families. This article examines the positive and negative effects of increasing the minimum wage requirement on United States franchising. 2 Table of Contents OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 4 HISTORY ................................................................................................................................................... 10 FRANCHISE LAW ...................................................................................................................................... 10 MINIMUM WAGE REGULATION ............................................................................................................... 13 Figure 1: Historical Minimum Wage Prices Adjusted for Inflation ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Having a Ball at Purim Celebration
    Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service Requested Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID JewishPO Box Federation 14925, Reading, of Reading PA 19612-4925 Non-Profit OrganizationPermit No. 2 Jewishwww.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Cultural Center U.S. PostageReading, PAID PA POChange Box 14925, Service Reading, Requested PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM The Journal of the Reading Jewish Community Published as a community service by the Jewish Federation of Reading, Pa. JewishVolume Federation 40 of No.Reading 3 MARCH 2010 Adar-NisanNon-Profit Organization 5770 Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.orgINSIDE Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM1100 Berkshire Boulevard The Journal ofSHALOM the Reading JewishIt’s been Community an Publishedincredible as a community year. service Hope by you’ve the Jewish beenFederation here! of Reading, Pa. TThehe JJournalournal ofof the ReadingIt is hardJewish to believe Community.Community that a year Published Published has gone as as by a a since community community we relocated service service to the by by Jewish the the Jewish Jewish Cultural Federation Federation Center at of1100 of Reading, Reading, Berkshire Pa. Pa. Volume 40 No.Boulevard 5 in Wyomissing. If you haven’tMAY been here,2010 we hope to see you in the very near future.Iyar-Sivan For those of you 5770 who VolumeVolume 47, 40 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Ross to Speak to Students, Leadership and Community
    Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service Requested Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID JewishPO Box Federation 14925, Reading, of Reading PA 19612-4925 Non-Profit OrganizationPermit No. 2 Jewishwww.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Cultural Center U.S. PostageReading, PAID PA POChange Box 14925, Service Reading, Requested PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM The Journal of the Reading Jewish Community Published as a community service by the Jewish Federation of Reading, Pa. JewishVolume Federation 40 of No.Reading 3 MARCH 2010 Adar-NisanNon-Profit Organization 5770 Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.orgINSIDE Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM1100 Berkshire Boulevard The Journal ofSHALOM the Reading JewishIt’s been Community an Publishedincredible as a community year. service Hope by you’ve the Jewish beenFederation here! of Reading, Pa. TThehe JJournalournal ofof the ReadingIt is hardJewish to believe Community.Community that a year Published Published has gone as as by a a since community community we relocated service service to the by by Jewish the the Jewish Jewish Cultural Federation Federation Center at of1100 of Reading, Reading, Berkshire Pa. Pa. Volume 40 No.Boulevard 5 in Wyomissing. If you haven’tMAY been here,2010 we hope to see you in the very near future.Iyar-Sivan For those of you 5770 who VolumeVolume 46, 40 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2014–2015 Contents
    ANNUAL REPORT 2014–2015 CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE CEO & PRESIDENT 2 HIGHLIGHTS 2014–2015 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2014 2014 HIGHLIGHTS INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 6 42 2015 HIGHLIGHTS FINANCIAL STATEMENT 8 43 OUR WORK INVESTORS NEWS MEDIA MILLION DOLLAR LIFETIME CLUB 10 46 ENTERTAINMENT FOUNDATIONS 14 46 TH 25 ANNUAL GLAAD MEDIA AWARDS CORPORATE PARTNERS 17 47 26TH ANNUAL GLAAD MEDIA AWARDS LEGACY CIRCLE 21 48 TRANSGENDER MEDIA SHAREHOLDERS CIRCLE 25 49 GLOBAL VOICES 29 DIRECTORY SOUTHERN STORIES 32 GLAAD STAFF SPANISH-LANGUAGE & LATINO MEDIA 54 35 GLAAD NATIONAL YOUTH BOARD OF DIRECTORS 38 55 LEADERSHIP COUNCILS 55 My first year as GLAAD’s CEO & President was an unforgettable one as it was marked by significant accomplishments for the LGBT movement. Marriage equality is now the law of the land, the Boy Scouts ended its discriminatory ban based on sexual orientation, and an LGBT group marched in New York City’s St. Patrick’s Day Parade for the very first time. And as TIME noted, our nation has reached a “transgender tipping point.” Over 20 million people watched Caitlyn Jenner come out, and ABC looked to GLAAD as a valued resource for that game-changing interview. MESSAGE FROM THE CEO & PRESIDENT But even with these significant advancements, at GLAAD, we still see a dangerous gap between historic policy advancements and the hearts and minds of Americans—in other words, a gap between equality and acceptance. To better understand this disparity, GLAAD commissioned a Harris Poll to measure how Americans really feel about LGBT people. The results, released in our recent Accelerating Acceptance report, prove that beneath legislative progress lies a dangerous layer of discomfort and discrimination.
    [Show full text]
  • Purim Fun Abounds Throughout Community Remembering Albert Boscov
    Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service Requested Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID JewishPO Box Federation 14925, Reading, of Reading PA 19612-4925 Non-Profit OrganizationPermit No. 2 Jewishwww.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Cultural Center U.S. PostageReading, PAID PA POChange Box 14925, Service Reading, Requested PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM The Journal of the Reading Jewish Community Published as a community service by the Jewish Federation of Reading, Pa. JewishVolume Federation 40 of No.Reading 3 MARCH 2010 Adar-NisanNon-Profit Organization 5770 Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.orgINSIDE Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM1100 Berkshire Boulevard The Journal ofSHALOM the Reading JewishIt’s been Community an Publishedincredible as a community year. service Hope by you’ve the Jewish beenFederation here! of Reading, Pa. TThehe JJournalournal ofof the ReadingIt is hardJewish to believe Community.Community that a year Published Published has gone as as by a a since community community we relocated service service to the by by Jewish the the Jewish Jewish Cultural Federation Federation Center at of1100 of Reading, Reading, Berkshire Pa. Pa. Volume 40 No.Boulevard 5 in Wyomissing. If you haven’tMAY been here,2010 we hope to see you in the very near future.Iyar-Sivan For those of you 5770 who VolumeVolume 47, 40 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Instituto De História
    Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de História Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Comparada (PPGHC) IGOR LAPSKY DA COSTA FRANCISCO Blockbusters conservadores: política e cinema norte-americano em perspectiva cruzada no tempo presente (1992 - 2012) RIO DE JANEIRO DEZEMBRO/2014 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de História – IH Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Comparada (PPGHC) IGOR LAPSKY DA COSTA FRANCISCO Blockbusters conservadores: política e cinema norte-americano em perspectiva cruzada no tempo presente (1992 - 2012) Tese orientada pelo professor Dr. José Costa D'Assunção Barros para obtenção do título de doutor no programa de pós-graduação em História Comparada da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro RIO DE JANEIRO DEZEMBRO/2014 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de História – IH Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Comparada (PPGHC) IGOR LAPSKY DA COSTA FRANCISCO Blockbusters conservadores: política e cinema norte-americano em perspectiva cruzada no tempo presente (1992 - 2012) __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Costa D'Assunção Barros (orientador) __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Francisco Carlos Teixeira da Silva __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Karl Schurster Veríssimo de Sousa Leão __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Dilton Cândido Santos Maynard __________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Cristina Buarque de Hollanda RIO DE JANEIRO DEZEMBRO/2014 3 LAPSKY, Igor. - Rio de Janeiro, 2014. Tese – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de História – Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Comparada, 2014. Orientador: José Costa D' Assunção Barros. 1. História. 2. História Comparada. 3. Política. 4. Estados Unidos. 5. Cinema. I – Barros, José D'Assunção. II – Teses. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de História – Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Comparada.
    [Show full text]
  • TCT-Segments-Watched-By-Robert-Colaco First Published On: May 31, 2020 At: 23:47 PT
    TCT-Segments-Watched-By-Robert-Colaco First published on: May 31, 2020 At: 23:47 PT Last Edited On: May 31, 2020 At: 23:47 PT --------------------- Subject: I, Robert Colaco, have watched the following Tucker Carlson Tonight[01] shows: --------------------- A description of what the different pieces of information ARE as follows using the first date and time of documented watching: ----------------------------------------------- 00:21 2017-11-18 (date and time began to watch) http://video.foxnews.com/v/5650712940001/?#sp=show-clips (the link provided to watch this segment) Ann Coulter: If Dems were smart, they'd get rid of Franken (text copied and pasted from http://video.foxnews.com, obviously copyrighted by Fox News Channel) Nov. 17, 2017 - 4:58 - Author and commentator Ann Coulter breaks down the Sen. Al Franken sex harass scandal and the Left being at war with itself. #Tucker (text copied and pasted from http://video.foxnews.com, obviously copyrighted by Fox News Channel) ----------------------------------------------- 00:21 2017-11-18 http://video.foxnews.com/v/5650712940001/?#sp=show-clips Ann Coulter: If Dems were smart, they'd get rid of Franken Nov. 17, 2017 - 4:58 - Author and commentator Ann Coulter breaks down the Sen. Al Franken sex harass scandal and the Left being at war with itself. #Tucker ----------------------------------------------- 00:30 2017-11-18 http://video.foxnews.com/v/5650753085001/?#sp=show-clips NYPD cops handcuffed by new stop-and-frisk policies Nov. 17, 2017 - 5:40 - NYPD cops are afraid of 'stopping anyone' under new stop-and-frisk policies, fearing they won't have bureaucratic support. #Tucker Page 1 of 649 TCT-Segments-Watched-By-Robert-Colaco ----------------------------------------------- 22:15 2017-11-20 http://video.foxnews.com/v/5653237118001/?#sp=news-clips Steyn: Dems all knew what Bill Clinton was doing Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Lobbyists and Public Relations Firms Behind Cable News Outlets
    Corporate Lobbyists and Public Relations Firms behind Cable News Outlets By Sherwood Ross Region: USA Global Research, March 01, 2010 Theme: Media Disinformation 1 March 2010 Since 2007, at least 75 registered lobbyists, public relations representatives and corporate officials have appeared on cable news broadcasts “with no disclosure of the corporate interests that paid them,”The Nation magazine (March 1) reveals. Many of these people are “paid by companies and trade groups to manage their public image and promote their financial and political interests,” writes the magazine’s Sebastian Jones, a freelance reporter after a four-month-long probe. “Many have been regulars on more than one of the cable networks, turning in dozens—and in some cases hundreds—of appearances,” Jones reports. For example, Tom Ridge, identified as the former governor of Pennsylvania, appeared on MSNBC’s Hardball With Chris Matthews urging the White House to “create nuclear power plants.” What viewers were not told, though, is that Ridge since 2005 has pocketed $530,659 in executive compensation for serving on the board of Exelon, the nation’s biggest nuclear power company, Jones writes. On the same day, last Dec. 4th, retired general Barry McCaffrey, told MSNBC viewers the war in Afghanistan would require a three-to-ten-year effort and “a lot of money.” Unmentioned, Jones says, was the fact DynCorp paid McCaffrey $182,309 in 2009 alone and that DynCorp has a five-year, $5.9 billion deal to aid U.S. forces in Afghanistan. Jones describes MSNBC as “the cable network with the most egregious instances of airing guests with conflicts of interest.” He notes, “Only on MSNBC was a prime-time program, Countdown, hosted by public relations operative Richard Wolffe and later by a pharmaceutical company consultant, former Governor Howard Dean, with no mention of the outside work either man was engaged in.
    [Show full text]
  • Purim Masquerade Party: FUN for All!
    Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service Requested Jewish Federation of Reading Non-Profit Organization Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID JewishPO Box Federation 14925, Reading, of Reading PA 19612-4925 Non-Profit OrganizationPermit No. 2 Jewishwww.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Cultural Center U.S. PostageReading, PAID PA POChange Box 14925, Service Reading, Requested PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.org Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM The Journal of the Reading Jewish Community Published as a community service by the Jewish Federation of Reading, Pa. JewishVolume Federation 40 of No.Reading 3 MARCH 2010 Adar-NisanNon-Profit Organization 5770 Jewish Cultural Center U.S. Postage PAID PO Box 14925, Reading, PA 19612-4925 Permit No. 2 www.ReadingJewishCommunity.orgINSIDE Reading, PA Change Service RequestedSHALOM1100 Berkshire Boulevard The Journal ofSHALOM the Reading JewishIt’s been Community an Publishedincredible as a community year. service Hope by you’ve the Jewish beenFederation here! of Reading, Pa. TThehe JJournalournal ofof the ReadingIt is hardJewish to believe Community.Community that a year Published Published has gone as as by a a since community community we relocated service service to the by by Jewish the the Jewish Jewish Cultural Federation Federation Center at of1100 of Reading, Reading, Berkshire Pa. Pa. Volume 40 No.Boulevard 5 in Wyomissing. If you haven’tMAY been here,2010 we hope to see you in the very near future.Iyar-Sivan For those of you 5770 who VolumeVolume 47, 40 No.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 – 2011 Performance Report
    words & images matter visibility acceptance equality 2010 – 2011 www.glaad.org performance report Page 1 2010 – 2011 glaad performance report 2010 – 2011 glaad performance report Page 1 table of contents letter from the acting president / board co-chairs.............3 celebrating 25 years: a look back......................................4 glaad at a glance................................................................6 glaad on the ground...........................................................7 sharing stories: janice langbehn........................................8 sharing stories: sgt. anthony bustos...................................9 a network of support.........................................................10 millions ‘go purple’ for spirit day ......................................11 glaad media awards.........................................................12 2011 update: ny says ‘i do’...............................................14 2011 update: ejecting homophobia from the game.........15 2011 update: increasing visibility of lgbt people of color...................................................................16 2011 update: confronting defamation in spanish-language media..................................................17 independent auditors’ report............................................18 support...............................................................................20 Page 2 2010 – 2011 glaad performance report 2010 – 2011 glaad performance report Page 2 letter from the letter from acting president
    [Show full text]