Appendix a – Statistical Data
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Satellite Constellations - 2021 Industry Survey and Trends
[SSC21-XII-10] Satellite Constellations - 2021 Industry Survey and Trends Erik Kulu NewSpace Index, Nanosats Database, Kepler Communications [email protected] ABSTRACT Large satellite constellations are becoming reality. Starlink has launched over 1600 spacecraft in 2 years since the launch of the first batch, Planet has launched over 450, OneWeb more than 200, and counting. Every month new constellation projects are announced, some for novel applications. First part of the paper focuses on the industry survey of 251 commercial satellite constellations. Statistical overview of applications, form factors, statuses, manufacturers, founding years is presented including early stage and cancelled projects. Large number of commercial entities have launched at least one demonstrator satellite, but operational constellations have been much slower to follow. One reason could be that funding is commonly raised in stages and the sustainability of most business models remains to be proven. Second half of the paper examines constellations by selected applications and discusses trends in appli- cations, satellite masses, orbits and manufacturers over the past 5 years. Earliest applications challenged by NewSpace were AIS, Earth Observation, Internet of Things (IoT) and Broadband Internet. Recent years have seen diversification into majority of applications that have been planned or performed by governmental or military satellites, and beyond. INTRODUCTION but they are regarded to be fleets not constellations. There were much fewer Earth Observation com- NewSpace Index has tracked commercial satellite panies in 1990s and 2000s when compared to com- constellations since 2016. There are over 251 entries munications and unclear whether any large constel- as of May 2021, which likely makes it the largest lations were planned. -
Pocketqube Standard Issue 1 7Th of June, 2018
The PocketQube Standard Issue 1 7th of June, 2018 The PocketQube Standard June 7, 2018 Contributors: Organization Name Authors Reviewers TU Delft S. Radu S. Radu TU Delft M.S. Uludag M.S. Uludag TU Delft S. Speretta S. Speretta TU Delft J. Bouwmeester J. Bouwmeester TU Delft - A. Menicucci TU Delft - A. Cervone Alba Orbital A. Dunn A. Dunn Alba Orbital T. Walkinshaw T. Walkinshaw Gauss Srl P.L. Kaled Da Cas P.L. Kaled Da Cas Gauss Srl C. Cappelletti C. Cappelletti Gauss Srl - F. Graziani Important Note(s): The latest version of the PocketQube Standard shall be the official version. 2 The PocketQube Standard June 7, 2018 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 2. PocketQube Specification ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 General requirements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Mechanical Requirements ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Exterior dimensions .................................................................................................................................. -
Completely Understand Before It Can Work Effectively for Not Only Himself but Also for the Membership
EDITOR: Judy Butcher Send all articles to- (313) 254-1786 45200 Keding Apt. 102 Utica, MI 48087 The W.A.S.P. is the official publication of the Warren Astronomical Society and is available free to all club members. Requests by other clubs to receive the W.A.S.P. and all other correspondence should be addressed to the editor. Articles should be submitted at least one week prior to the general meeting. Warren Astronomical Society President: Frank McCullough 254-1786 P.O. Box 474 1st V.P.: Roger Tanner 981-0134 East Detroit, MI 48021 2nd V.P.: Ken Strom 977-9489 Secretary: Ken Kelly 839-7250 Treasurer: Bob Lennox 689-6139 Librarian: John Wetzel 882-6816 The Warren Astronomical Society is a local, non-profit organization of amateur astronomers. The Society holds meetings on the first and third Thursdays of each month. The meeting locations are as follows: 1st Thursday – Cranbrook Institute of Science 3rd Thursday – Macomb County Community 500 Lone Pine Road College – South Campus Bloomfield Hills, MI K Building (Student Activities), 14500 Twelve Mile Rd., Warren, MI Membership is open to those interested in astronomy and its related fields. Dues are as follows and include a year’s subscription to Sky and Telescope. Student ................... $21.00 College ........................ $25.00 Senior Citizen ................... $25.00 Individual ............... $30.00 Family......................... $35.00 Observatory Chairman: Ken Strom 977-9489 Stargate Observatory is owned and operated by the Warren Astronomical Society in conjunction with Rotary International. Located on the grounds of Camp Rotary, Stargate features a 12½” club-built Cassegrainian telescope under an aluminum dome. -
Signature Redacted a U Th O R
A Systems Analysis of CubeSat Constellations with Distributed Sensors by Ayesha Georgina Hein B.S. Astronautical Engineering United States Air Force Academy, 2015 Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2017 @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2017. All rights reserved. Signature redacted A u th o r ................................ .--- - -- - - - - - - - - Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics May 25, 2017 Certified by ...................... Signature redacted Y Kerri Cahoy Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by .................. Signature redacted Yodisein . Marzouk ARCHNES Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate Program Committee MASSACHUS ITUTE Chair, OF TECHNOLOGY JUL 11 2017 LIBRARIES 7 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not .reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the United States Department of Defense, or the United States Government. 2 A Systems Analysis of CubeSat Constellations with Distributed Sensors by Ayesha Georgina Hein Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on May 25, 2017, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics Abstract This thesis explores the use of CubeSat constellations as "gap fillers" and supple- ments to traditionally complex, multi-sensored satellites, increasing resiliency of the system at very low cost. In standard satellite acquisitions, satellites can take years and billions of dollars to reach operational status. Should there be delays in schedule or on-orbit failures, gaps in data integral to US operations can be lost. -
Desert Skies – October
Desert Skies Tucson Amateur Astronomy Association Volume LIV, Number 10 October, 2008 Mount Lemmon SkyCenter Learn about: ♦ Progress on TIMPA Observatory ♦ The new electronic newsletter! ♦ TAAA Astronomy Complex Update ♦ Volunteer for School star parties ♦ Articles from our members ♦ Websites: Trips On The Internet ♦ Constellation of the month Super-Skyway Desert Skies: October, 2008 2 Volume LIV, Number 10 Cover Photos: Upper left: The 24-inch telescope is enclosed atop Mount Lemmon within the dome at the left. Lower left: A 24-inch telescope was installed in the newly remodeled dome at the Mount Lemmon Sky Center in April. Right: The 24-inch Mount Lemmon Sky- Center telescope is the one the public uses in programs offered through the UA's College of Science and Steward Observatory. All pho- tos by Adam Block. TAAA Web Page: http://www.tucsonastronomy.org TAAA Phone Number: (520) 792-6414 Office/Position Name Phone E-mail Address President Ken Shaver 762-5094 [email protected] Vice President Keith Schlottman 290-5883 [email protected] Secretary Luke Scott 749-4867 [email protected] Treasurer Terri Lappin 977-1290 [email protected] Member-at-Large George Barber 822-2392 [email protected] Member-at-Large John Kalas 620-6502 [email protected] Member-at-Large Teresa Plymate 883-9113 [email protected] Chief Observer Dr. Mary Turner 586-2244 [email protected] AL Correspondent (ALCor) Nick de Mesa 797-6614 [email protected] Astro-Imaging SIG Steve -
Cosmos: a Spacetime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based On
Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based on Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan & Steven Soter Directed by Brannon Braga, Bill Pope & Ann Druyan Presented by Neil deGrasse Tyson Composer(s) Alan Silvestri Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of episodes 13 (List of episodes) 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way 2 - Some of the Things That Molecules Do 3 - When Knowledge Conquered Fear 4 - A Sky Full of Ghosts 5 - Hiding In The Light 6 - Deeper, Deeper, Deeper Still 7 - The Clean Room 8 - Sisters of the Sun 9 - The Lost Worlds of Planet Earth 10 - The Electric Boy 11 - The Immortals 12 - The World Set Free 13 - Unafraid Of The Dark 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way The cosmos is all there is, or ever was, or ever will be. Come with me. A generation ago, the astronomer Carl Sagan stood here and launched hundreds of millions of us on a great adventure: the exploration of the universe revealed by science. It's time to get going again. We're about to begin a journey that will take us from the infinitesimal to the infinite, from the dawn of time to the distant future. We'll explore galaxies and suns and worlds, surf the gravity waves of space-time, encounter beings that live in fire and ice, explore the planets of stars that never die, discover atoms as massive as suns and universes smaller than atoms. Cosmos is also a story about us. It's the saga of how wandering bands of hunters and gatherers found their way to the stars, one adventure with many heroes. -
Thermal Analysis of the SMOG-1 Pocketqube Satellite
Applied Thermal Engineering 139 (2018) 506–513 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Thermal Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apthermeng Thermal analysis of the SMOG-1 PocketQube satellite T ⁎ Róbert Kovácsa,b, Viktor Józsaa, a Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Hungary b Department of Theoretical Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33., Hungary HIGHLIGHTS • Thermal analysis of the SMOG-1 picosatellite is presented. • Results of a simple thermal network and finite element methods were compared. • The sensitive battery just fulfills all the requirements for continuous operation. • The thermal network model underpredicts the temperature due to its simplicity. • A simple thermal network is able to predict the temperature variations appropriately. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: CubeSats have revolutionized the space industry in the past two decades. Its successor, the PocketQube class Picosatellite seems to be a lower size limit for a satellite which can operate continuously and can be received by radio Satellite amateur equipment. The present paper discusses the simulation of the thermal environment of the SMOG-1 Finite element method PocketQube satellite at low Earth orbit by both thermal network and finite element models. The major findings Thermal network of the analyses are the following. Even a single node per printed circuit board model can provide adequate Thermal analysis information about the thermal behavior without tuning the physical parameters. By applying a finite element Low Earth orbit model with few magnitudes more nodes, the predicted inner temperature increased as the losses were reduced in the radiation-dominant environment compared to the thermal network model. -
The Fixed Stars Report Frederic Chopin
The Fixed Stars Report by Tara Cochrane for Frederic Chopin March 1, 1810 6:00 PM Warsaw, Poland Calculated for: Local Mean Time, Time Zone 0 hours West Latitude: 52 N 15 Longitude: 21 E 00 Your Company Name 1234 N. Your Address City, State 123456 Phone: 1-555-555-5555 [email protected] Introduction Report and Text Copyright 2009 Cosmic Patterns Software, Inc. The contents of this report are protected by Copyright law. By purchasing this report you agree to comply with this Copyright. This report interprets conjunctions of nearly every fixed star that has been given an astrological name to the planets, Asc, MC, 7th house cusp, and 4th cusp. Each interpretation given in this report is based on extensive research on the historical astrological meanings and myths associated with the fixed stars. A list of notable people who have the same conjunction aspect as you do is also given. This comprehensive analysis of the influence of the fixed stars combined with a list of notable people who also have this aspect provides you with extensive information, and hopefully astrologers who use this report can use this information to develop an even more refined and clearer understanding of the meaning of every fixed stars. Interpretations of the Fixed Stars Moon conjunct Dheneb, Orb: 0 deg 55 min Bold, willful, courageous, combative, astute, focused and unyielding characteristics may be indicated. Ascension to a position of leadership and renown is possible. There may be a great deal of personal charisma and emotional intensity, as well as an inclination towards obsession. -
History of Telescopes
1 OUR PLACE IN SPACE Earth: Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth- largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System’s four terrestrial planets. The Solar System : The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by gravity, all of which were formed from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Of the many objects that orbit the Sun, most of the mass is contained within eight relatively solitary planets whose orbits are almost circular and lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic plane. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets, the gas giants, are substantially more massive than the terrestrials. They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The Sun: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It has a diameter of about 1,392,000 kilometers about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass (about 2 × 1030 kilograms, 330,000 times that of Earth) accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. The Milky way Galaxy: The Milky Way Galaxy is the galaxy in which the Solar System is located. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that is part of the Local Group of galaxies. It is one of billions of galaxies in the observable universe. The Local Group: The Local Group is the group of galaxies that includes our galaxy, the Milky Way. -
2005 FEBBRAIO Sab Lun Mar Gio 1 Maria Madre Di Dio 17 S
S L P s.p.a. Assicurazioni Spese Legali Peritali e Rischi Accessori Sede e Dir. Gen: 10121 Torino - C.so Matteotti 3 bis - Tel. 011.548.003 - 011.548.748 - Fax 011.548.760 - e-mail: [email protected] SLP Assicurazioni SpA Compagnia Specializzata nel ramo Tutela Giudiziaria Capricorno (Capricornus, Cap) Acquario (Aquarius, Aqr) ALGEDI SADALMELIK M 2 DENEB ALGEDI SADACHBIA DABIH SADALSUUD NASHIRA O ANCHA ALBALI NGC 7009 M 72 SKAT M30 NGC 7293 IL MITO GRECO: IL MITO GRECO: Pan, dio della mitologia greca di carattere infernale ed orgiastico, stava banchettando sull’Olimpo insieme ad altri dei. Improvvisamente Rappresenta Ganimede, il giovane adolescente della cui bellezza si innamorò Zeus, il quale per soddisfare la propria passione amorosa, apparve Tifone, essere mostruoso, mezzo uomo e mezzo belva. Gli Dei, atterriti, fuggirono, trasformandosi in animali: Apollo diventò un assunta la forma di un’aquila, lo rapì e lo trasportò sull’Olimpo. Qui Ganimede, nominato coppiere degli Dei, si occupava personalmente di nibbio, Ermes un ibis, Ares un pesce. Pan (da cui il termine “panico”), terrorizzato, si gettò in un fiume prima di trasformarsi completamnte versare il nettare nella coppa di Zeus. Altre leggende identificano l’Acquario nello stesso Zeus intento a versare l’acqua vitale per la Terra. La in capra e fu così che le sue estremità inferiori assunsero la forma della coda di un pesce. Zeus, stupito e compiaciuto per la metamorfosi, Costellazione era conosciuta anche dagli antichi Babilonesi ed Egizi che nell’Acquario, il Portatore d’Acqua, raffiguravano un uomo che versava decise di collocare in cielo la “capra d’acqua”. -
1 Exploring the Cosmos: the Rhetoric of Successful
EXPLORING THE COSMOS: THE RHETORIC OF SUCCESSFUL SCIENCE TELEVISION By ALEXANDREA MATTHEWS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN MASS COMMUNICATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 1 © 2015 Alexandrea Matthews 2 To my mom, Dina Matthews, for the never-ending love, encouragement, and support 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my chair, Dr. Debbie Treise, who not only guided me through my thesis but my entire graduate school experience. She has been patient and always accommodating, answering my many questions by e-mail almost immediately, even on weekends, and always found time for me despite her busy schedule. Through the research, coding, and analysis, she has always offered me invaluable insight and editing. I could not be more grateful to have had such a caring, supportive, and experienced thesis chair, advisor, and professor. Thank you for always going above and beyond in these roles. I also thank my other two committee members, Dr. Johanna Cleary and Dr. Elizabeth Lada. They have been supportive and enthusiastic about my research from the beginning and have offered me guidance that really shaped my methodology and research. Dr. Cleary gave me insight from her expertise in telecommunications and offered many great suggestions. Dr. Lada helped me from her expertise in astronomy, as both a committee member and a professor, who gave me the knowledge to approach my thesis from a more informed perspective. I am so thankful to have had such an experienced, diverse committee which could offer me guidance from multiple areas. -
Seeing the Light: the Art and Science of Astronomy
Chapter 1 Seeing the Light: The Art and Science of Astronomy In This Chapter ▶ Understanding the observational nature of astronomy ▶ Focusing on astronomy’s language of light ▶ Weighing in on gravity ▶ Recognizing the movements of objects in space tep outside on a clear night and look at the sky. If you’re a city dweller Sor live in a cramped suburb, you see dozens, maybe hundreds, of twin- kling stars. Depending on the time of the month, you may also see a full Moon and up to five of the eight planets that revolve around the Sun. A shooting star or “meteor” may appear overhead. What you actually see is the flash of light from a tiny piece of comet dust streaking through the upper atmosphere. Another pinpoint of light moves slowly and steadily across the sky. Is it a space satellite, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, or just a high-altitude airliner? If you have a pair of binoculars, you may be able to see the difference. Most air- liners have running lights, and their shapes may be perceptible. If you liveCOPYRIGHTED in the country — on the seashore MATERIAL away from resorts and develop- ments, on the plains, or in the mountains far from any floodlit ski slope — you can see thousands of stars. The Milky Way appears as a beautiful pearly swath across the heavens. What you’re seeing is the cumulative glow from millions of faint stars, individually indistinguishable with the naked eye. At a great observation place, such as Cerro Tololo in the Chilean Andes, you can see even more stars.