10G-EPON Standardization and Its Development Status

Keiji Tanaka

KDDI R&D Laboratories Inc.

Outline

1. Background and motivation 2. IEEE 802.3av standardization 3. Research activities 4. Development status 5. Summary

1. Background and motivation (a) FTTH growth in Japan (b) FTTH systems (c) Why 10G-EPON necessary? (d) When 10G-EPON feasible? 2. IEEE 802.3av standardization 3. Research activities 4. Development status 5. Summary

FTTH growth in Japan

The number of FTTH lines, more than 13 million at the end of Sep. 2008, exceeded the number of DSL lines in 2Q/2008.

Shifted to decrease StatisticsStatistics asas ofof Sep.Sep. 20082008 DSL 15 $ Number of lines: FTTH: 13.8 M DSL: 12.0 M FTTH CATV: 4.0 M 10 (Mobile: 92.0 M)

$ Number of operators: FTTH: 171 5 CATV DSL: 47 CATV: 381

Number of broadband users [Million] 0 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 Year Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications statistics database ᵒ K.Tanaka, OFC/NFOEC 2009, Mar. 23-26, 2009 All Rights Reserved © 2009 KDDI, Tokyo

2 Flavors of FTTH systems

High WDM-PON Apartment Data rate SS (Bandwidth) TDM-PON

VDSL Efficiency High DSLAM Optical access system VDSL CPE

100Mbit/s CO or Residential house SS 1Gbit/s

Media converter Single star Media converter Media converter Power Power splitter splitter Optical fiber PON Passive double star PON-OLT Power splitter

Why 10G-EPON necessary?

Why 10Gbps? Optical feeders with bandwidth of ~10Gbps are necessary for $ Advanced video services $ Multi-service platform to accommodate MDUs and mobile APs

Why PON? PON reduces CAPEX and OPEX $ Accommodates a large number of FTTx users and mobile APs efficiently $ Reduces the footprint and power consumption of CO equipment $ Reduces fiber deployment and repair cost

3 Digital television

Access network must grow beyond 1Gbps to provide advanced video services such as digital cinema. CFI, March 2006, IEEE802.3 ᵕ K.Tanaka, OFC/NFOEC 2009, Mar. 23-26, 2009 All Rights Reserved © 2009 KDDI, Tokyo

Multi-service platform

Next-generation access is expected to work as a multi-service platform in which multiple dwelling units (MDUs) and wireless access points (APs) are accommodated to reduce CAPEX and OPEX of the infrastructure.

A large bandwidth is required for next-generation access network.

3.5G-mobile Wireless backback-haul-haul

10G-EPON LTE, WiFi, WiMAX ONU

10G-EPON Business users OLT 10G-EPON (GbE, 10GbE) ONU Business

4 When 10G-EPON feasible?

10G-EPON would be commercially feasible in 2011~2012, judging from the speed evolution of Ethernet and commercial FTTH services.

1T 100GBase 100G 10GBase-T/LRM NGA-2 10GBase-X/R/W 10G-EPON 10G NGA-1 Ethernet 1G 1000Base-X/T FTTH 100M 100Base-T

Transmission rate [bps] 10M 10Base-T ADSL

Outline

1. Background and motivation 2. IEEE 802.3av standardization (a) Overview of PON (b) EPON layering diagram (c) Overview of IEEE 802.3av project (d) Ad-hoc activities in IEEE 802.3av (e) Next-generation access in ITU-T 3. Research activities 4. Development status 5. Summary

5 Operation of TDM-based PON

Each ONU extracts the frames destined to each 1 Each ONU extracts the frames destined to each 1 ONU selectively. (Other frames are discarded.) ᛷ

Optical splitter ONU To split and combine optical signals 3 ᛷ 2 EachEach ONUONU sendssends framesframes withinwithin All frames are broadcast All frames are broadcast 1 assignedassigned timeslot.timeslot. CO toto eacheach branch.branch.

OLT Downstream 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 ᛹ ᛸ ᛷ ᛸ ᛸ Upstream 1 ONU Bidirectional transmission All frames are aligned ᛹ 2 over single optical fiber so as to avoid collision. 3

Upstream Downstream 3 1260-1360nm 1480-1500nm 3 Wavelength Customer ᛹ (nm) 1300 1400 1500 1600 Premise ONU Wavelength allocation in EE-/B-/G-PON-/B-/G-PON systemssystems ᵏᵏ K.Tanaka, OFC/NFOEC 2009, Mar. 23-26, 2009 All Rights Reserved © 2009 KDDI, Tokyo

Flavors of PONs

B-PON (ITU-T) ATM cell (53 byte) Ethernet frame

OLT ONU ATM cell

A fixed-length GTC frame consists G-PON (ITU-T) GTC frame of ATM cells and GEM frames. 125 s

OLT ONU Ethernet frame Frames except ATM cells are contained in variable- GEM: G-PON encapsulation method GEM frame length GEM frame GTC: G-PON transmission convergence

EPON (IEEE) EPON (IEEE) Ethernet frame Ethernet frame

OLT ONU

6 IEEE802.3 layering diagram

$ IEEE 802.3 only covers physical layer and a portion of data link layer. $ IEEE 802.3av mainly focuses on physical layer (PMD, PMA, PCS, and RS). To be exact, IEEE802.3av slightly covers a portion of data link layer (MPCP).

OSI Reference model IEEE 802.3 Layering diagram

Logical Link Control

MAC Control Application Media Access Control (MAC)

Presentation Reconciliation

Session Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII)

Transport Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) Main scope of Network Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) IEEE 802.3av Scope of Data Link Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) Medium Dependent Interface (DMI) IEEE802.3 Physical

EPON layering diagram

Logical link layer topology is point-to-point with the use of logical link IDs (LLIDs), although physical media topology is point-to-multipoint.

OLT ONU#1 ONU#N LLID #1 LLID #N

Mac Client Mac Client Mac Client Mac Client OAM OAM OAM OAM Point-to-point MPCP MPCP MPCP MAC MAC MAC MAC RS RS RS

PCS PCS PCS PMA PMA PMA PMD PMD PMD

Optical splitter Point-to- Optical fiber Optical fiber multipoint

7 Frame format in EPON

LLID for logical topology emulation is embedded in the preamble portion of Ethernet frame (IEEE802.3 frame).

8 octet 6 62 46῍1500 4

Destination Source Preamble / SFD Type Data FCS Address Address

SFD

0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0x55 0xd5 EthernetEthernet

SLD

0x55 0x55 0xd5 0x55 0x55 LLID LLID CRC8 EPONEPON SFD: Start of Frame Delimiter FCS: Frame Check Sequence SLD: Start of LLID Delimiter Format of frame preamble in EPON LLID: Logical Link Identifier CRC8:8bit Cyclic Redundancy Check

IEEE802.3av project

What 10G-EPON ? 10x higher-speed standard of IEEE802.3 EPON $ IEEE 802.3av mainly focuses on physical layer for 10Gbps transmission. (Formerly named “10Gbps PHY for EPON” ) $ Frame format, MAC, OAM are basically the same as IEEE802.3 EPON.

Timeline Expected standard approval : September 2009

2006 2007 2008 2009

Study Task force P802.3av Group

CFI PAR Draft0.9 Draft1.0 Draft2.0 Draft3.0 Std

Project Baseline 1st draft Last Last tech. start proposal feature change

8 Objectives of IEEE802.3av

$ Support subscriber access networks using point to multipoint topology on optical fiber Fully compatible with existing ODNs $ PHYs to have a BER better than or equal to 10-12 at the PHY service interface $ Provide physical layer specificationᯪ - PHY for PON, 10Gbps downstream / 1Gbps upstream, single SM fiber - PHY for PON, 10Gbps downstream / 10Gbps upstream, single SM fiber Asymmetric 10G-EPON Symmetric 10G-EPON

10Gbps 10Gbps

10Gbps 1Gbps

$ Define up to 3 optical power budgets that support split ratios of 1:16 and 1: 32, and distances of at least 10 and at least 20 km.

1:16 1:32 10km PR10 , PRX10 PR20 , PRX20 20km PR20 , PRX20 PR30 , PRX30

Co-existence

Co-existence issues are seriously considered in IEEE802.3av specifications: $ Co-exist with deployed systems of 1G-EPON and RF video on the same ODN $ Reuse of deployed optical distribution network (ODN) (1) To co-exist with 1G-EPON and RF video, the followings are adopted: - Downstream : WDM (L-band) - Upstream : 10G/1G dual-rate TDMA (2) For the reuse of deployed ODN, a new power budget class is specified: - PR/PRX30 (Loss budget : 29dB)

Downstream

RF-Video RF-Video (1.55mm) V-ONU

10G (L-band) 10G/10G PON-OLT 1G (1.49mm) ONU

9 Main differences between 1G- and 10G-EPON

1G-EPON 10G-EPON

channel coding 8B10B 64B66B (coding overhead) (25%) (3%)

10G/10G-symmetric data rate (DS/US) 1G/1Gbps-symmetric + 10G/1G-asymmetric

split ratio 1:16 1:16 / 1:32 (*1)

2 3 # of power budget class (PX10 / PX20) (PR10 / PR20 / PR30)

option mandatory FEC RS(255, 239) RS(255, 223)

US 1260 ~ 1360 nm 1260 ~ 1280 nm (*2) wavelength DS 1480 ~ 1500 nm 1575 ~ 1580 nm

Ad-hoc activities in IEEE802.3av

2006 2007 2008 2009

CFI PAR Draft0.9 Draft1.0 Draft2.0 Draft3.0 Std P802.3av

Study Task Force Group Power Budget High-split Power Budget Jitter Budget FEC FEC Framing Rate Increase Analysis

Wavelength Wavelength Allocation

Others Dual-rate PMD Power Saving

10 Power budget (1)

2006 2007 2008 2009

CFI PAR Draft0.9 Draft1.0 Draft2.0 Draft3.0 Std P802.3av

Study Task Force Group

Power Budget Long discussion on Parameter PR30 technologies modifications

Main point of the argument : technologies for PR/PRX30 class Two solutions were considered: (1) PIN-PD@ONU (w/o optical amp.@OLT) (2) APD@ONU (high-power EML@OLT)

$ Lower output power solution at OLT is preferable in terms of safety and crosstalk to RF-video systems $ Small footprint at OLT Total optics cost APD@ONU solution was adopted for PR/PRX30. 3av_0709_hamano_1.pdf, IEEE 10G-EPON Task Force ᵐᵏ K.Tanaka, OFC/NFOEC 2009, Mar. 23-26, 2009 All Rights Reserved © 2009 KDDI, Tokyo

Power budget (2)

Downstream l = 1575 ~ 1580 nm +2 -28.5 PR30 HP-EML 30.5 dB APD w/ FEC (1.5dB-Penely included)

+5 -20.5 PR20 EML+Amp 25.5 dB PIN w/ FEC (1.5dB)

+2 -20.5 PR10 HP-EML 22.5 dB PIN w/ FEC (2.5dB) HP : High Power

Upstream +4 -28 PR30 HP-DML 32 dB APD w/ FEC (3dB-Penely included)

-1 -28 PR20 DML 27 dB APD w/ FEC (3dB)

-1 -24 PR10 DML 23 dB APD w/ FEC (3dB) HP : High Power l = 1260 ~ 1280 nm

11 Power budget (3)

Downstream Upstream

PR10 PR20 PR30 PR10 PR20 PR30

Transmitter type EML EML+SOA EML DML DML DML

Tx max [dBm] +5 +9 +5 +4 +4 +9

Tx min [dBm] +2 +5 +2 -1 -1 +4

ER [dB] 6 6 6 6 6 6

Receiver type PIN PIN APD APD APD APD

Sens. [dBm] -20.5 -20.5 -28.5 -24 -28 -28

Power budget [dB] 30.5 25.5 22.5 32 27 23

CIL [dB](*1) 20 24 29 20 24 29

(*1) channel insertion loss (CIL) = power budget – path penalties

FEC

FEC was considered mandatory for 10G-EPON systems to relax optical transceiver specifications. In terms of practicality and simplicity, RS(255, 223) was chosen because additional 1 dB optical gain to conventional RS(255, 239) is necessary for PR/PRX30 power budget classes.

RS(255, 223) was adopted to obtain enough power margin for PR/PRX30.

RS(255,239) vs. RS(255, 223) Decoded BER characteristics

Code RS(255,239) RS(255,223)

Bit rate 1 Gpbs 10 Gbps 10 Gbps Electrical 5.9 dB 5.9 dB 7.2 dG coding gain Required BER 1.8x10-4 1.8x10-4 1.1x10-3 for BER=10-12 Circuit size(*1) encoder 1 8 16

decoder 1.5 13 25

12 Wavelength allocation (1)

2006 2007 2008 2009 CFI PAR Draft0.9 Draft1.0 Draft2.0 Draft3.0 Std

Study P802.3av Task force group

Wavelength Allocation Upstream 1260~80 PR10/20 1580~1600 Downstream L-band 1574~80 1574~80 1575~80 PR30

Possible Wavelength for 10G-EPON systems

Restricted by wavelength separation filter property Possible DS wavelength : L-band

GE-PON (US) GE-PON (DS) Video OTDR Cut-off wavelength

1.21 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.51 1.56 1.61 1.66 l

Restricted by the blocking filter property (G.984.5)

Wavelength allocation (2) : upstream

$ FP-LD is not applicable to 10G-ONU even at 1.3m-band.

A 20-nm bandwidth is enough for for 10G-10G- upstreamupstream wavelengthwavelength bandband onon thethe conditioncondition thatthat DFB-LDsDFB-LDs areare adopted.adopted.

$ It is preferable that 10G-EPON PHYs are identical to ITU-T specifications. Wavelength band in G.984.enh (G.985) 3av_0705_effenberger_3.pdf, IEEE 10G-EPON Task Force $ Dispersion penalty should be minimized.

Upstream wavelength band

100nm 20nm PRX10/20/30 PR10/20/30

13 Wavelength allocation (3) : downstream

The specification of BPF in ONU to separate RF video signal:

Isolation : 35dB Guard band of BPF

Video Downstream wavelength band

1550 1560 1575 1580 $ The shortest wavelength is bound by the characteristics of the optical BPF. The guard band of the filter should be longer than 15nm.

$ The longest wavelength is bound by conventional ITU-T recommendations such as G.982 and 983, in which the signal wavelength range shall be less than 1580nm. In addition, OTDR filter problem, which is operator-specific one, is not expected in this wavelength range

Downstream wavelength band 1575 ~ 1580nm for all PMD classes

Dual-rate PMD (1)

PCS and RS for dual-rate mode at OLT

1G/1G 10G/1G 10G/10G Three kinds of MACs of 1G/1G, MAC MAC MAC 10G/1G and 10G/10G are supported.

RS RS maps downstream data from MAC instances to appropriate GMII Tx Rx XGMII Tx Rx downstream path according to LLID. The operation for upstream data is similar to downstream direction. 1Gb/s 1Gb/s 10Gb/s 10Gb/s PCS Tx Rx Tx Rx Path Path Path Path

PMA

PMD 802.3ah sublayers

802.3av sublayers 1G1G 10G/1G10G/1G 10G10G @1490nm @1270nm/1310nm @1577nm

As dual-rate PMD, two solutions are considered.

14 Dual-rate PMD (2)

The incoming dual-rate signals from ONUs to PMD at OLT can be split in (a) optical domain, or (b) electrical domain.

Optical domain Electrical domain

10G detector 10G TIA and LA 10G LA

1x2 splitter Dual-rate TIA

Dual-rate PD optical amplifier (optional) 1G detector 1G TIA and LA 1G LA

$ 3dB-loss in 1x2 splitter $ Simple configuration - Acceptable in PR10/20 $ PD and TIA cope with both data - Challenging in PR30 rates in quick succession, switching $ Two dedicated Rx circuits 1G and 10G bursts.

Next-generation access in ITU-T

The development of next-generation access (NGA) standards will be held in the next ITU-T study period from 2009 to 2012.

Now ~2010 ~2015 NGA1 NGA2

Extended reach Higher rate TDM ITU-T B/G-PON TDM XG-PON DWDM FSAN (US: 2.5, 5, 10G / DS: 10G) OFDM WDM overlay G-PON …etc (US: 2.5, 5, 10G / DS: 10G)

Co-existence Use of common equipment

Existing ODN (no replacement and additional component) ODN New ODN

15 Outline

1. Background and motivation 2. IEEE 802.3av standardization 3. Research activities (a) Optical transceiver technologies (b) Asymmetric system (c) Symmetric system 4. Development status 5. Summary

Optical transceiver technologies

The latest reported results on optical transceiver technologies are as follows:

ONU Transmitter Main performance Reported at / from Applied technologies $ 0.5ns response AC-coupled differential interface OFC’08 NTT $ +4.4dBm-output power using BLW-CMR technique $ 6ns turn-on/off time Impedance-controlled DC-coupled OFC’08 Mitsubishi $ +3.3dBm output power burst-mode LD driver circuit

OLT Receiver Main performance Reported at / from Applied technologies $ 160bit CID tolerant CDR ECOC’07 NTT Single-VCO architecture $ 10ns instantaneous response Burst-mode PIN-TIA $ -19.5dBm sensitivity ECOC’07 NTT Automatic offset compensation $ 20.5dB dynamic range (2-stage) $ 50ps synchronization time ECOC’08 Yokogawa Cascade-type burst CR circuit $ 72 bit CID tolerant CDR ECOC’08 Mitsubishi Quad-rate sampling $ 1.25/10.3-Gbps dual-rate Two gate circuits burst-mode receiver ECOC’08 NTT AC-coupled interface No reset signals

16 Asymmetric system

Main performance Reported at / from Applied technologies $ 10G/1G-EPON demonstration IEEE802.3 ETRI $ 128-split, 10km-system CFI-’06.3 $ G-/10G-PON mixture system DS synch-protection mapping ECOC’07 Fujitsu $ Seamless upgrade Electrical multiplexing $ 10G/2.5Gbps demonstration ECOC’07 NSN 2.5Gbps burst receiver $ 10G/2.5Gbps GPON Alcatel- Downstream bit-stacking by using ECOC’08 coexistence for downstream Lucent electrical multiplexing

Feasibility test of 10G/1G-EPON

$ DS: 10Gbps, US: 1Gbps $ Split : 128 $ Distance : 10km

CFI, March 2006, IEEE 802.3

Symmetric system

Main performance Reported at / from Applied technologies $ 4Gbps US throughput XENPAK-based burst-mode Tx/Rx ECOC’05 KDDI $ 23dB power budget w/o FEC FPGA-based PON MAC $ 9.7Gbps US throughput IEEE802.3 MPCP OECC’07 Mitsubishi $ 32-LLIDs $ >9Gbps US throughput PR30 compliant burst-mode Tx/Rx ECOC’08 KDDI $ >30dB power budget (PR30) FPGA-based PON MAC

10G-EPON prototype 10GbE 10G-EPON Tx XFP MAC MAC Optical (EML) Transceiver WDM (FPGA) (FPGA) Rx OLT OLT

Tx Tx 10G-EPON 10GbE (DML) Optical ONU WDM (DML)Transceiver MAC MAC XFP Rx (FPGA) (FPGA)

ONU-1 Burst control signal ONU ONU-2

17 Outline

1. Background and motivation 2. IEEE 802.3av standardization 3. Research activities 4. Development status (a) Chipset (b) Key devices for 10Gbit/s burst-mode transmission (c) Equipments for asymmetric 10G-EPON system 5. Summary

Chipset

EPON chip vendors start the delivery of 10G-EPON evaluation board.

PMC-Sierra

The PAS8001 and PAS9001 deliver 10Gbit/s performance, pre-standard (draft 1.1) IEEE 802.3av compliance, 1G/10G co-existence with auto-detect, standard encryption, high-performance backward-compatible Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) and commercially viable transceivers developed by a leading transceiver vendor partner.

Press Release (Mar. 31, 2008) http://investor.pmc-sierra.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=74533&p=irol-newsCorporateArticle&ID=1123318&highlight=

Teknovus

Teknovus’ 10G EPON evaluation board system (EVB) is compliant with the latest draft of the IEEE 802.3av 10G EPON standard. In addition to the IEEE 802.3av feature set, the 10G EPON EVB system supports triple-lambda wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) downstream operation at 1.25G, 2.5G and 10G simultaneously.

Press Release (Nov. 18, 2008) http://www.teknovus.com/page.cfm?PageID=200&CategoryID=14

18 Key devices for 10Gbit/s burst-mode transmission

ONU Transmitter

$ XFP module size (78x18.3x8.2mm) $ Output power : +7.0dBm $ Extinction ratio : 7.1dB $ Mask margin : 29% $ Turn_on/off : 6/0 ns

OLT Receiver 10.3 Gbps quad-rate sampling burst-mode CDR

Quad-rate sampling IC $ 0.13m SiGe BiCMOS $ 6.6x6.3mm size $ 1.9W power consumption

Burst response $ CID : 72-bit $ 1st-bit burst-mode recovery

Asymmetric 10G-EPON system

OLT ONU

$ ATCA300 universal architecture $ SFP-sized optical transceiver $ High-speed backplane $ Mesa-type APD $ FPGA-based PON-MAC $ FPGA-based PON MAC

System features

$ Asymmetric 10G-EPON system (Downstream: 10Gbps, Upstream : 1Gbps) $ Compliant with IEEE802.3av draft2.0 $ Co-existence with 1G-EPON (IEEE802.3ah) $ Loss budget (channel insertion loss) : > 30 dB $ Maximum distance : 20km $ 32 subscribers per PON interface $ Superior QoS to subscribers and services Courtesy NEC ᵑᵖ K.Tanaka, OFC/NFOEC 2009, Mar. 23-26, 2009 All Rights Reserved © 2009 KDDI, Tokyo

19 Outline

1. Background and motivation 2. IEEE 802.3av standardization 3. Research activities 4. Development status 5. Summary

Summary

Why 10G-EPON?

$ Optical feeders with bandwidth of 10Gbps are necessary for next-generation access system, and PON topology is expected to reduce CAPEX and OPEX.

Standardization

$ Draft2.2 was issued after November 2008 meeting, and the standard is expected to be approved in September 2009. $ IEEE802.3av mainly focuses on physical layer specifications.

Research and development activities

$ Feasibility studies on key components and systems have been reported. $ EPON chip vendors and system vendors have been developing evaluation boards and proto-type systems.

Challenges toward commercial products

$ Reduction of cost, size, and power consumption of optical transceivers $ Interoperability on optical transceiver and MAC chip