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420-Compressed.Pdf afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWo Th e Suprem Council of Avtonomous Republic of Abkhazia Верховный Совет Автономной Республики Абхазия jemal gamaxaria Jemal Gamakharia Джемал Гамахария afxazeTis/saqarTvelos politikuri istoria (mokle samecniero cnoba) Political History of Abkhazia/Georgia (Brief sciense information) Политическая история Абхазии/Грузия (Краткая научная справка) Tbilisi 2012 1 UDC(uak)32(479.224)+94(479.224) g-19 redaqtori da gamomcemeli nana kvaracxelia Editor and publisher Nana Kvaratskhelia Редактор и издатель Нана Кварацхелия dizaini: garekanis pirvel gverdze - saqarTvelos mefis bagrat III-is (978-1014ww.) freska X saukunis bediis taZarSi. okupantebma, romlebic afxazeTSi kulturuli genocidis politikas awarmoe- ben da qarTuli kulturis Zeglebs anadgureben, igi Camofxikes `sarestavracio~ samuSaoebis dros 2010-2011 wlebSi. garekanis bolo gverdze - okupanti `restavratorebis~ mier SeTeTrebuli qarTuli warwera (kvadreti marjvena mxares) XI saukunis iloris wm. giorgis taZris kedelze. Design: On the Cover – Th e fresco of the King of Georgia Bagrat the 3rd (978- 1014), which was in the temple of Bedia built 10th of century, was scraped off by the occupants by the time of `restoration~ in 2010 and 2011.Th ey therefore are making politic of cultural genocide and destroying of cultural memorials. On the back cover - Georgian Incription (scuare on the right-hand side) was whitewashed by the occupant `restorations~ which was on the wall of the temple of St. georg built in 11th century. Дизайн: на лицевой обложке – фреска царя Грузии Баграта III (978-1014 гг.) в Бедийском храме X в. Оккупанты, проводящие в Абхазии политику культурного геноцида и уничтожающие грузинские памятники культуры, соскаблили ее во время `реставрационных~ работ в 2010-2011 годах. На обратной обложке – побеленная оккупантами-`реставраторами~ грузинская надпись (квадрат на правой стороне) на стене Илорского Святогеоргиевского храма XI в. inglisuri Targmani Seasrula qeTevan CigogiZem Translated by Qetevan Chigogidze Английсский перевод Кетевана Чигогидзе --------------------- ISBN: 978-9941-0-4819-7 2 afxazeTis/saqarTvelo politikuri istoria (mokle samecniero cnoba) afxazeTi aris avtonomiuri respublika saqarTve- los SemadgenlobaSi, mdebareobs qveynis Crdilo- dasavleTiT md. engursa da fsous Soris. farTobi - 8,7kv.km, dedaqalaqi – soxumi. * * * qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba, sul cota, 35 sauku- novan istorias iTvlis. Zv.w. II aTaswleulis Sua xane- bidan arsebuli legendaruli kolxeTis samefo moi- cavda saqarTvelos Tanamedrove teritoriis met nawils, maT Soris engur-fsous monakveTs, romelsac SemdgomSi afxazeTi ewoda. im periodidan qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli afxazeTis amJamindeli teritoria uwy- vetad Sedioda sxvadasxva epoqaSi arsebuli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos, romaelTa da bizantielTa ba- tonobis (Zv. w. I – ax. w. VIII ss.), agreTve iranelTa (VI s.) da arabTa (VII s.) Semosevebis periodebSi - calkeuli qarTuli politikuri erTeulebis (egrisi, lazika da sxv.) SemadgenlobaSi. ZvelqarTuli matiane - `qarTlis cxovreba~ iwyeba cnobiT kavkasiel xalxTa naTesaobisa da maTi eponimebis Sesaxeb. am matianis mixedviT, teritoria lixis (suramis) mTebidan Sav zRvamde da md. mcire xazareTamde (yubani) wilad xvda egross - dasavleli qarTvelebis (egrebis) eponims. gvianantikuri xanidan imJamindeli mwerlebi- sTvis kargad cnobili afxazebi `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ warmodgenili arian ara ucxo xalxad, aramed dasavlel qarTvelTa organul nawilad. zustad igive Sexeduleba hqonda uklebliv yvela romael Tu bizantiel avtors, 3 vinc msoflios xalxTa geneologiaze werda. isini ic- nobdnen I-II saukuneebidan wyaroebSi moxseniebul af- silebs da abazgebs (romlebsac zogierTi avtori Sec- domiT Tanamedrove afxazTa winaprebad miiCnevs), magram msoflios xalxTa CamonaTvalSi maT nacvlad kolxebs// lazebs//egrebs anu dasavlel qarTvelebs uTiTebdnen. dasavleT saqarTveloSi, afxazeTis Tanamedrove teri- toriis CaTvliT, arqeologebi erTian qarTul (kolxur) kulturas afiqsireben. afxazeTSi avtoqtonuri qar- Tuli mosaxleobis mkvidrobis Sesaxeb metyveleben an- tropologiis, lingvistikisa da eTnologiis monacemebi. swored dasavlelma qarTvelebma Seqmnes afxazeTis samefo dedaqalaqiT quTaisSi (VIII s. dasasruli – X s.). am samefos mTeli politikuri da, rac gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia, Cvenamde moRweuli mdidari kulturu- li memkvidreoba aris mxolod qarTuli. araqarTuli eTnosis moRvaweobis aranairi kvali ar Cans afxazeTis samefos im nawilSic ki, romelsac afxazeTis saerisTa- vo ewodeboda da anakofiis (Tanamedrove axali aTo- ni) Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdebareobda. am saerisTavos farglebSi, kerZod, biWvinTaSi imyofeboda VIII-X da XV-XVIII saukuneebSi avtokefaluri (sxva dros ki mcx- eTas daqvemdebarebuli) dasavleT saqarTvelos (afx- azeTis) sakaTolikoso kaTedra. istoriaSi kargad aris cnobili afxazeTis kaTolikosebis vinaoba – yvela qarTveli iyo. ufro metic, cnobilia afxazeTis Tan- amedrove teritoriis farglebSi mcxovrebi afxazeTis sakaTolikoso glexebis (XVI-XVII ss.) asobiT gvari da saxeli, romelic aseve mTlianad qarTulia. afxazeTis samefo warmoadgenda im ZiriTad birTvs, romelmac kvlav gaaerTiana saqarTvelo. erTiani sax- elmwifos saTaveSi idgnen afxazuri (dasavlur qarTu- li) samefo dinastiis warmomadgenlebi. XI s. dasawyisSi 4 qarTul enaze Sedgenili unikaluri istoriuli wya- ros “afxaz mefeTa divanis” monacemebi adastureben am mefeTa erovnul kuTvnilebas, maT qarTvelobas. igives amtkicebs afxazeTis mefeTa an maTi saxeliT Sesrule- buli mravalricxovani qarTuli epigrafikuli masa- la (ar arsebobs afsuur-afxazur enaze Sesrulebuli raime warwera). gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos Crdilo- dasavleTi sazRvari XIV s. Suaxanebamde mainc nikof- siamde aRwevda, romelsac (V saukunemde Zveli lazika erqva) da q. tuafses Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdebareob- da. am saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Semaval afxazeTis Tanamedrove teritoriaze ganviTarebis maRal dones miaRwia qarTulma kulturam. amave dros, aRniSnul re- gionSi araqarTuli mosaxleobis, maT Soris afsuebis (dRevandel afxazTa TviTsaxelwodeba) politikuri da kulturuli moRvaweobis kvali ar SemorCenila. Sei- Zleba mxolod vivaraudoT, rom XIIs. meore naxevridan monRolTa mowolis Sedegad afsuebi (I saukuneSi plin- ius ufrosi am xalxs astraxanis CrdiloeTiT afiq- sirebs abzoas saxeliT), daiZrnen ra samxreT-dasavle- Tis mimarTulebiT, Semovidnen saqarTvelos ukidures Crdilo-dasavleT regionebSi, magram jer ver miaRwies afxazeTis Tanamedrove teritoriamde. monRolTa aswlovani batonobis periodSi (XIIIs. Suax- anebidan XIV s. Suaxanebamde) iwyeba erTiani qarTuli sax- elmwifos dezintegraciis procesi. jer warmoiSva im- ereTis samefo (afxazeTis samefos samarTalmemkvidre), romlis SigniT daiwyes gamocalkeveba samegrelosa da guriis samTavroebma. samegrelos samTavros Semadgen- lobaSi Sedioda afxazeTis saerisTavo, romelic moi- cavda teritorias anakofiidan md. bzifamde (daax- loebiT, Tanamedrove gudauTis raionis teritorias). saxelganTqmulma mefem giorgi V brwyinvalem (1313- 5 1346 ww.) qveyana monRolTa uRlisagan gaanTavisufla da kvlav gaaerTiana sruliad saqarTvelo nikofsiamde. afxazeTis saerisTavo, rogorc samegrelos samTavros nawili, amjeradac erTiani saqarTvelos Semadgenloba- Si Sedioda. giorgi V brwyinvales memkvidreebma, gan- sakuTrebiT aleqsandre I-ma (1412-1443 ww.), SeinarCunes da ganamtkices qveynis erTianoba. mis farglebSi iyo moqceuli afxazeTis saerisTavo-dRevandeli gudauTis raioni. anakofia, q. cxumi da maTi samxreT-aRmosavleT- iT md. enguramde mdebare miwebi samegrelos samTav- ros organul nawils warmoadgendnen, rasac mowmo- ben mravalricxovani qarTuli da ucxouri, maT Soris rusuli werilobiTi Tu kartografiuli wyaroebi. am wyaroebidan SeiZleba gamovyoT masalebi cxumSi//sox- umSi genuelTa savaWro faqtoriis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb (1354-1475 ww.). isini erTmniSvnelovnad amtkiceben, rom genuelebs cxumSi urTierToba hqondaT mxolod same- grelos (`qvemo iveriis~) mTavrebTan da adgilobriv qarTul mosaxleobasTan. XV s. bolosTvis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo de- faqto ramdenime samefod da samTavrod daiSala. afx- azeTis saerisTavo, rCeboda ra samegrelos samTavros SemadgenlobaSi, sxva saerisTavoebis msgavsad, meti TavisuflebisTvis ibrZoda. XVI s. SuaxanebisTvis afx- azeTis mflobelebma TurqeTisa da misi gavlenis qveS myofi warmarTi (nawilobriv mahmadiani) mTielebis daxmarebiT TavianTi mdgomareoba ganimtkices. im pe- riodSi mTielTa masobrivma Camosaxlebam mTlianad Secvala afxazeTis saerisTavos – anakofiidan md. bzifamde mdebare teritoriis – mosaxleobis eTni- kuri suraTi. Seqmnil viTarebaSi afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) kaTolikosi iZulebuli gaxda afxaze- Tis saerisTavo daetovebina da sakaTolikoso rezi- 6 dencia biWvinTidan gelaTSi gadaetana. funqcionireba Sewyvites saerisTavos teritoriaze moqmedma sakmaod mravalricxovanma eklesiebma da monastrebma. afxaze- Tis saerisTavoze sruli kontrolis aRdgena samegre- los mTavarma levan II dadianma (1611-1657 ww.) moaxerxa. manve saerisTavos axali mosaxleoba (40 aTas kacamde) qristianulad monaTla da maT episkoposic dauniSna. XVI-XVII saukuneebSi qarTuli samefo-samTavroe- bi, romlebic 1555 wlidan iranma (ergo aRmosavleT saqarTvelo) da TurqeTma (ergo dasavleT saqarTvelo) gadainawiles, amaod cdilobdnen erTmorwmune ruseT- Tan megobruli, samfarvelo urTierTobebis damyarebas. 1638 w. 12 dekembers ruseTis mefem mixeil Tevdores Zem moskovSi samegrelos elCi miiRo, 1639 w. noembridan 1640 w. maisamde ki samegreloSi rusi elCebi stumrobd- nen. am ukanasknelTa mier Sedgenili angariSebi (gamoica 1888 da 2005 wlebSi) afxazeTis Tanamedrove terito- riaze arsebuli eTnopolitikuri situaciis mkafio su- raTs gvixataven. isini damajereblad amtkiceben, rom XVII s. SuaxanebisTvis samegrelos samTavros eTnikuri sazRvari, sul cota, kelasuramde mainc aRwevda
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