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Media-Sustainability-Index-Europe-Eurasia-2019-Georgia.Pdf GEORGIA MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2019 Tracking Development of Sustainable Independent Media Around the World GEORGIA AT A GLANCE GENERAL MEDIA-SPECIFIC ▶ Population: 3,729,600 (National Statistics ▶ GNI (2017-Atlas): $14.04 billion (World Bank ▶ Number of print outlets, radio stations, television ▶ News agencies: Associated Press, Reuters, Office of Georgia) Development Indicators, 2017) stations nationwide: Print: 218 newspapers: 16 daily, Agence France-Presse (representatives), ▶ Capital city: Tbilisi ▶ GNI per capita (2017-PPP): $ 10,110 (World 52 weekly, 37 monthly (National Statistics Office Bloomberg (local representative), info 9, Black of Georgia, www.geostat.ge, 2017); Broadcast: 91 Sea Press, Iveroni, NovostiGruzia, Sarke, ▶ Ethnic groups (% of population): Bank Development Indicators, 2017) active radio broadcasting licenses, 98 television Interpressnews, Iprinda, Kavkazpress, Media Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian ▶ Literacy rate: 99.8% (male 99.8%, female broadcasters, 30 multiplex operators (Georgian News, Prime Time News, Pirveli, Georgian 4.5%, other 2.3% (2014 Population 99.7%) (2015 est., CIA World Factbook National Communications Registry: www.registry. Business Consulting News, Georgian HotNews, Census) ▶ President or top authority: President Salome gncc.ge, accessed in December 2018) GeoNews, Expressnews, World Sport, ambebi. ▶ Religion (% of population): Orthodox Zurabishvili (since December 16, 2018) ▶ Newspaper circulation statistics (total circulation ge, Business Press News, Droni.ge, epn.ge, Christian 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, and largest paper): Total circulation 60.4 million agenda.ge, Aianews.ge, Kakheti Information Armenian-Apostolic 2.9%, other 1.2%, (National Statistics Office of Georgia, www.geostat. Center, Primetimenews.ge, Kvemo Kartli none 0.5% (2014 Population Census ge, 2016) Rezonanse (4,000–5,000 daily), Kviris Palitra Information Center, Mtkheta-Tianeti Information ▶ Languages (% of population): Georgian (average 55,000 weekly) (individual newspaper claims) Center, For.ge, Frontnews.ge, Civil.ge, Economic. (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian ge, marshalpres.ge, bpi.ge ▶ Broadcast ratings (audience share): Highest-rated 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (2014 television channels: Rustavi2 5.07%, Imedi 4.69%, ▶ Internet subscribers: 817,743 (Georgian Population Census) GDS 1.15%, Channel 1 0.84%, TV Pirveli 0.64% (TVMR National Communications Commission, GE, 2018) December 2018) ▶ Annual advertising revenue in the media sector: The estimated revenue of the television advertising market in 2018 reached GEL 66.22 million (approximately $25,4 million), for radio GEL 8.5 million (approximately $ 3.2 million) (Georgian National Communications Commission, analytical portal, 2019). Unknown for print. MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX: GEORGIA SCORE KEY Unsustainable, Anti-Free Press (0–1): Country does not meet or only minimally meets objectives. Government and laws actively hinder free media development, professionalism SUSTAINABLE is low, and media-industry activity is minimal. Unsustainable Mixed System (1–2): Country minimally 2.92 2.86 2.82 meets objectives, with segments of the legal system and 2.77 2.75 2.70 2.64 NEAR government opposed to a free media system. Evident progress 2.61 2.54 2.54 2.53 2.53 2.51 2.50 2.49 2.48 2.48 2.46 2.45 2.43 in free-press advocacy, increased professionalism, and new SUSTAINABILITY 2.36 2.35 2.34 2.29 2.23 media businesses may be too recent to judge sustainability. 2.00 Near Sustainability (2–3): Country has progressed in meeting 1.83 multiple objectives, with legal norms, professionalism, and the 1.62 1.60 1.57 SUSTAINABILITY business environment supportive of independent media. Advances MIXED SYSTEM UNSUSTAINABLE have survived changes in government and have been codified in law and practice. However, more time may be needed to ensure that change is enduring and that increased professionalism and the media business environment are sustainable. Sustainable (3–4): Country has media that are considered 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 UNSUSTAINABLE 2019 ANTI-FREE PRESS generally professional, free, and sustainable, or to be approaching FREE PROFESSIONAL PLURALITY OF BUSINESS SUPPORTING SPEECH JOURNALISM NEWS SOURCES MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS these objectives. Systems supporting independent media OBJECTIVES have survived multiple governments, economic fluctuations, and changes in public opinion or social conventions. Scores for all years may be found online at https://www.irex.org/msi eorgia began 2018 with the president’s elections and by far-right groups. Members of OVERALL veto of a bill that would have directed the far-right Kartuli Marshi movement attacked SCORE more advertising to the public Rustavi2 journalist and anchor Giorgi Gabunia broadcaster and exempted it from some after he mentioned Jesus Christ in a joke that public procurement requirements. made fun of former Prime Minister Bidzina 2.25 Civil society groups and private media Ivanishvili. protested some lawmakers’ attempt to give the G The Georgian National Communications low-rated Georgian Public Broadcasting, or GPB, Commission (GNCC) unveiled a disputed analysis, Most of the issues that Georgia’s a boost, but parliament overrode the president’s based on the declared revenues of broadcasters, media sector faced in past January veto a month later. The year ended that claimed the country’s advertising market has years persisted this year: with the ascension of the country’s first woman grown steadily since 2012. Still, Georgia’s media Journalists struggle to access president after a campaign that took a dreadful rest on a weak foundation, illustrated by the public information, they exercise toll on media standards. Georgia’s capital city of closure last year of Iberia TV when its owners’ self-censorship, and they must Tbilisi along with second city Telavi were roiled other businesses could no longer support the make do with poor technical by protests over a perceived miscarriage of channel. The observed trend of the year is the facilities. These factors are justice and alleged electoral fraud. compounded by a contracted growth of online advertising revenue, most of advertising market and increased During the October presidential election, Imedi which, our panelists said, flow to such global competition for the advertising TV, one of the country’s two leading channels, actors as Google and Facebook. beefed up its political programming to oppose revenue that is available. As The highly respected Georgian Charter of Grigol Vashadze, the candidate from the United a result, the country’s score Journalistic Ethics (GCJE) serves an ombudsman National Movement (UNM). The UNM ruled fell from 2.31 in 2018 to 2.25 in role and last year handled dozens of complaints Georgia from 2004 to 2012. The other leading 2019, reflecting lower scores for from media professionals, public officials, and the channel, UNM-aligned Rustavi2, attacked Objectives 1 through 4 (freedom general public. of speech, professionalism, Vashadze’s opponent, Salome Zurabishvili, the plurality of news, and business candidate from the ruling Georgian Dream Party Most of the previous years’ problems persisted management), with Objective 4 who went on to win the race. in 2018: Journalists struggle to access public information, exercise self-censorship, and must the lowest scored at 1.57. There The past year saw attempts to regulate free make do with poor technical facilities. Civil was slight improvement in the speech and expression as legislators proposed society and donor organizations continue to score for Objective 5 (supporting bills to regulate creative works on the one hand provide funds and other aid to spur development institutions), which signifies the and to impose criminal charges for insulting of a sustainable media industry. Against the active engagement of Georgian religious feelings on the other. Neither bill passed. civil society groups’ and backdrop of these events the country’s score fell professional associations’ efforts While finding reliable statistics is challenging, MSI from 2.31 to 2.25. The drop is a result of lower to promote the interests of the panelists perceived that there were more attacks scores for Objectives 1 through 4: freedom of media, along with support of the on journalists in 2018 than in the past couple speech, professionalism, plurality of news, and media by international donors. of years, including physical assaults during the business management. 3 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2019 GEORGIA asd OBJECTIVE 1: television if a broadcaster’s own self-regulatory body advertising does not obligate them to do so. FREEDOM OF 2.48 fails to quash it, something that currently happens Jangirashvili said the GNCC still accused five SPEECH only in extraordinary circumstances. Panelists broadcasters of violating the law by airing political considered this a worrying proposal, and media advertisements that it said contained hate speech. The score for this objective slid by 0.06 from last figures have warned it could allow the regulator to year. Contributing to this slight decline were: put improper pressures on broadcasters. Legal and social norms protect and promote first, amendments to the law on broadcasting In February, Georgia’s parliament adopted free speech and access to public information. giving GPB greater access to advertising hotly contested amendments to the law on FREE-SPEECH INDICATORS revenue
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