Habitat Mosaic of Gravel Pit As a Potential Refuge for Carabids: a Case Study from Central Europe

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Habitat Mosaic of Gravel Pit As a Potential Refuge for Carabids: a Case Study from Central Europe COMMUNITY ECOLOGY 20(3): 215-222, 2019 1585-8553 © The Author(s). This article is published with Open Access at www.akademiai.com DOI: 10.1556/168.2019.20.3.1 Habitat mosaic of gravel pit as a potential refuge for carabids: a case study from Central Europe J. Růžičková1�3 ��� M. H�k��2 1MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Biological Institute, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 2Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00 Slezská Ostrava, Czech Republic 3Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Keywords: G����� b������; P���������� �����; Q��������; R�c��������; S�c������ h�b�����. Abstract: I� ������ ����� � �����c �� h�b����� ���h ������� ������������� conditions c������ ������ ������ h�� � ����� ��������� for persistence of many species. We focused on such a mosaic in a gravel pit surrounded by agricultural landscape. We investi� ����� �h�ch h�b����� ���h�� ������ �������� �� different ��cc�������� ������ (���� b��� ����� �� ��c������ ������) ��� ����c��� ������� ��c������ ���� ��h��c�� diversity, ���c��� ��ch���� ��� �b�����c� �� c���b��� ��� ��������� �cc�����c� �� �h�������� ���c���. S��c� ���� �� �h��� h�b����� ���� �x��������� ������� �h��� ��h��� ���� ������� b� �h� ����� ����� Solidago gigantea� �� ���� ������ �h� effec� �� management ��� �h� c���� �� S. gigantea on carabid assemblages. We found a gradient in carabid �����b����� ���� �������h����� ���� �� b��� ����� ����� ������� ������� �����b����� �� ����� ���h �������������� ���������� c����. H���� c���b�� �����b����� ���� ����������� ������������� b� c����� ���c��� �� ����c������� ��� ������ ����� ���h��� h��h�� h�b���� ������������. Contrarily, ����� ���h b��� ���� c���� ����� �� � ������ ��� ���� �������h����� c���b�� ���c���� �h�ch c����� �cc�� �� ����������� �����c��� ��� �� �����h�� �����b�� h�b�����. Th�������� k������ ���� �� h�b����� �� ����� ����� ��cc�������� ������ �� ��������� ��� ����������� h�b���� �����c ��� ��� ���������c� �� ��ch ���c��� �� ����. M��������� �� ���������� ��� c���� �� S. gigantea had no effect on carabid assemblage. We presume that carabids were likely more affected b� ���������� ����c���� ��� ������� �h�� ���c��� c����������. Nomenclature: Hůrka (1996) for carabids, D���h��k� �� ��. (2012) ��� ������. Abbreviations: AICc – Ak��k� I���������� C��������; GLMM – G�������z�� L����� M�x�� M����; NMDS – N��������c M��������������� Sc�����; R – R�c������ ����; SD – S����� D������. Introduction �h�ch ����� ���� �� � ����c���� �� h�b���� �����c� c������ b� ������ (H���berg �� ��. 2016). Th��� ���c����� ������ I�� ��������� ���� ��� ������ ����� ��������� �� ��� ������ in landscape simplification because reclaimed sites are usu� ������� ��h������� c���������� � �������� ������������ �� � ���� c������ b� ����� ��ch �� organic ������ ��� ���� �� �� �����c���. Th��� ���c����� ������� ��������� �������� h�b�� intensive agricultural area (arable fields or hay meadows) ���� ��� ����� �h�� �� ������� ������. However, �h�� �� ��� �� ��� afforested. Th�������� ���� c����������� b�� ���� c��� ��c�������� ���� �� � ���� �� b����������� (P��ch �� ��. 2011). ��������� ����� �� ���� �����b�� �����b������ c����� ��� D����� ��� ����� ������ �c��������� � �����c �� h�b����� �� ���� ����� �h��� ��� �� �h� ���� �� �������c���� ������b�� h�b����� ������ ��ccessional ������ �� ����� c������. A� ����������� �h�� ��� c��c��� ��� �h��� c�����z����� ��� c��������� ���� �����c���� �� ������ ����� �� C������ E����� ��� ������ ��� sistence (Řehounek et al. 2015). Another restoration option ��c��������� intensively �������� ����������� ��� ��b���z��� �� �� ����� ����������� ����� �� ����������� ��cc������ �� ��ch h�b���� �����c� ��� �c� �� ��c������ ������� ��� ������� succession with artificial interventions. When spontaneous insect groups, such as butterflies, dragonflies, ants, bees, and ��cc������ �� �������� �� ������� ����� �� ��c������ ������ ����� (B���š �� ��. 2003� O�������� �� ��. 2006� T��� �� ��. ����� �����x������� ��� �� �h��� ��c���� (P��ch �� ��. 2014). 2010� H���berg �� ��. 2012� H���b�š ��� D���ý 2015� T��k� However, ����������� ��cc������ ��� ���� b� � �h���� ��� ��� R��� 2015). However, �� �� ��������� �� ��� ����������� ��cc������ ����������� �� ������ ����� b�c���� �h��� ����� ��ch��c�� ������������� ��� ��clamations, b��h ������ ������ are located in floodplains of large rivers (a source of gravel operations and after quarrying ceases, to achieve beneficial ��������)� �h�ch ��� ����� ��c���� �� �������� ����� ������� ������������� c��������� ������� �h� target h�b����� ���/�� ��ch �� ����� ��������� (Solidago gigantea) ��� ����� k���� ���c��� ��������� �h� ������������ �� ����������� �������� ���� (Reynoutria sachalinensis). Th��� �������� ��� ������ ments (Řehounek et al. 2015). in dense mono-specific vegetation stands and degradation of F�� ������c�� �� ���� ������ ���� �� C������ E������ native plant, as well as animal, assemblages (Řehounková ��ch��c�� ��c��������� ����� ������� �� ��� ���� mandatory, and Prach 2008, Řehounek et al. 2015). Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/29/21 05:53 PM UTC 216 Růžičková and Hykel T� c����c��� ������ �h� �c�����c�� ����� �� h�b����� ���h�� Material and methods ������ ��� ��������� ���� b������c����� �h���� b� ����c���. G����� b������ (C���������: C���b����� h�������� c���b���) Study area ��� ����� ���� �� ���� ����c����� �� ch����� �� �������� ��� �� �h��� sensitiveness �� ������� ������������� ��c���� b��h Th� ������� ������ ��� �� ��c���� ���� �h� ���� H��í� b����c ��� �b����c. Th��� �c����� ��� h�b���� ������������ ��� in the eastern part of the Czech Republic (GPS: 49.299N, relatively well-known (Lövei and Sunderland 1996, Altieri 17.455E, 191 m a.s.l.). The study plots were around a gravel 1999, Rainio and Niemelä 2003). In post-mining areas, their ������ ��k� ��c������ ������ �������� �� �h� ������� ���� ��� assemblages have been intensively studied in brownfields ����c��������� ��claimed ���� �� �h� ����h��� ���� �� �h� ������ (E��� �� ��. 2003� S���� �� ��. 2003)� ����� h���� (Sch���k pit premises. Sludge deposits, which are repositories of fine 2004, Hodeček et al. 2015, 2016), limestone quarries (Tropek ���� �����c��� �� ������� �� ������ ���h��� �h�� ��������� et al. 2010, Nováková and Šťastná 2013a,b, 2014), and open� ����� ��� ���� �b������� ��� ����������� ��cc������ ����� cast lignite mines (Brändle et al. 2000). These studies have the termination of infilling processes. They represent a habitat �������� �h�� �h� c���������� �� c���b�� �����b����� �� ��� �����c �� different ��cc�������� ������ ���� b��� ����� ����� �������� b� �h� ���� �� ��c��������� ����������� ��� ��c� �� ��c������ ������. Th� ��c������ ���� ��� ���������� ������ c�������� ����� �� ����������� areas. I� ������ ����� c���b��� �� �� �x��������� ������� ��������� b�� ���� ����� ���� ���� ����� however, ������� ���� �� x����h�����h����� ���������� ���h��� ������� ���������� ��� ��� ������ c������ b� ��� (H���berg �� ��. 2016)� �h�� �h� c����������� ��������� �� ������ ����� ��������� (S. gigantea). ��h�� h�b����� �� �������� ��k����. We focused on four sludge deposits (hereafter as plots I� �h�� study, �� ��c���� �� c���b�� �����b����� �� � SD1–SD4� ��ch ����h�� 2 h�� F��. 1)� ��ch ���h � different� C������ E������� ������ ��� ���������� ������������� b� intensively managed agricultural landscape in the floodplain �� ��������� ���������� c���� ��� �� different ��cc�������� area. We supposed that a heterogeneous habitat mosaic cre� ������. SD1 (b��� ����): �h��� ����� ��� ������ ������� ���h ���� ������ ��������� c���� ������� �����b�� c��������� ����� ��b������ �h�� ����� ������� b����� ���h��� ��� ������� for various carabid assemblages. Within the studied gravel ���� cover, ���� �h� ������ marginal ����� ���� overgrown ���� �� ��c���� �� ������ �������� ��� �� ����c��������� ��� ���h ���� (Phragmites australis). SD2 (���� ������): 18 ����� c������ ����� ����� �h�� c���� b� ����������� �����b�� ���� � ��� ������� c���� �� ���� (P. australis) ���h b��ch�� (Betula ������ c����������� ��� b����������� ������c����. Th��� ����� pendula) �� �h� b����� �� �h�� ������ �������. U���� b��ch��� ���� ����������� b� different ������ �� ��cc������� ������� ���������� ��� ����������� b� ������� ������� ���h��� b��� ���� (b������� ������) ��� c���� �� �������� ����� ���c���� ������. SD3 (����� ������): 20 ����� ��� b��ch (B. pendula) ����c����� S. gigantea� �h�ch� �� �h� ���� �������� ����� ���� ������ ���h ����� ��b������ ���h��� h��h ���������� c���� cies in the study area, can create dense mono-specific stands. �� �h� h��b�� ����� b�� ���h ���� ������. Moreover, � ���� �� We addressed the following questions: (i) which habitat (i.e., �h� ���� ��� ������b�� b� ��������� �� h���� ��ch����� ����) �������� �h� �cc�����c� �� ���c������ch� �b������ ��� �� 2016� �h�� ��� b��� ����� ���ch�� ���h��� ��� ������� ������� c���b�� �����b����� �� ���������� ���c���? (��) ��� c�� ���� c���� �x����� h��� �� ����. SD4 (��� ������): 30 ����� ��� ��b��� affec��� b� ���������� ���c��c�� ��� (���) ���� �h� ��c������ ������ ��������� b� ������� (Salix ��.)� ������� c���� �� S. gigantea h��� �������� ����c� �� c���b��� ������ (Populus ��.)� ��� b��ch�� (B. pendula) ��� b� Urtica dioica b����? ��� Galium aparine �� �h� h��b �����. Figure 1. M�� �� �h� H��í� ������ ��� ���h �h� ������� �����. SD ����� ��� ������ ��������� R ����� c��������� ���h �h� ����c��������� ��c������ ����. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/29/21 05:53 PM UTC G����� ���� �� c���b��
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