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Opera Lilloana 50: Hongos Liquenícolas De Ecuador   J Opera lilloana 50: Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador J. ETAYO Opera lilloana 50: Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador HONGOS LIQUENÍCOLAS DE ECUADOR J. ETAYO Opera lilloana 50: Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador 5 JAVIER ETAYO HONGOS LIQUENÍCOLAS DE ECUADOR J. ETAYO Opera Lilloana Serie monográfica que incluye trabajos originales de investigación sobre temas de botánica, geología y zoología. ISSN 950–668–010–8 Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador. Javier Etayo, Navarro Villoslada 16, 3º dcha., 31003 Pam- plona, Navarra (España). [email protected] © 2017, Fundación Miguel Lillo. Todos los derechos reservados. Fundación Miguel Lillo Miguel Lillo 251, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina Telefax +54 381 433 0868 www.lillo.org.ar Editora de Opera Lilloana (Botánica): Myriam del Valle Catania ([email protected]) Editor gráfico: Gustavo Sánchez Comité editorial: Graciela Ruiz de Bigliardo (Fundación Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán). Julieta I. Carrizo (Universidad Nacional de Tucumán). Graciela I. Ponessa (Fundación Miguel Lillo). Gerardo L. Robledo (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba). Ezequiel Aráoz (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán). Liliana C. Lupo (Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. INECOA-CONICET). Eva Pérez Pimparé (RECOLNAT, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle). María A. Taboada (Fundación Miguel Lillo). Asesores editoriales: Pastor Arenas (Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina). María Teresa Cosa (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina). Massimiliano Dematteis (Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina). Jorge L. Frangi (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina). Eduardo Greizerstein (Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Argentina). Jesús Muñoz (Real Jardín Botánico CSIC, España). Jefferson Prado (Instituto de Botánica de San Pablo, Brasil). Andrea I. Romero (Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Argentina). María del Mar Trigo Pérez (Universidad de Málaga, España). Gustavo Heiden (Universidad de San Pablo, Brasil). Publicación indexada en las siguientes bases de datos: Latindex, Biological Abstracts, Zoological Record, Periodica (Mexico), Biosis Reviews, Cam- bridge Scientific Abstracts, CAB Abstracts (CABI UK). Canjes: Centro de Información Geo-Biológico del Noroeste Argentino, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. Correo electrónico: [email protected] Ref. bibliográfica: Etayo, Javier. 2017. “Hongos liqueníquenas de Ecuador”. Opera lilloana 50. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Impresión y encuadernación: ... Propiedad intelectual Nº 315450. Prohibida su reproducción total o parcial. Impreso en la Argentina. Opera lilloana 50: Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador Contenido Resumen . 11 Summary . Introducción . 16 Material y método . 21 Resultados y discusión . 23 Bosquejo geográfico de los Andes ecuatorianes . La vegetación de la zona de estudio . Apreciaciones sobre la micobiota andina de hongos liquenícolas . 8 Los líquenes liquenícolas . 8 Relación de las fases sexual-asexual en los hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador . 0 Los hongos sobre Sticta y Lobaria s. lat. 33 Hongos liquenícolas sobre líquenes foliícolas . Hongos liquenícolas en el Parque Metropolitano . 5 Relaciones entre hongos liquenícolas y sus hospedantes . Lista de las relaciones entre hongos liquenícolas y sus hospedantes en Ecuador . 8 Géneros de mayor capacidad fúngica en Ecuador, Colombia y sur de Sudamérica . 5 Localidades . 5 Catálogo comentado de los hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador . 59 Agradecimientos . 50 Bibliografía . 50 8 J. ETAYO Opera lilloana 50: Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador 9 “El pequeño número de científicos expertos en la clasificación de cada uno de los grupos más diversos, desde las bacterias a los hongos y los insectos (en el trópico), se ve inundado con nuevas especies casi hasta el punto límite. Mientras trabajan, casi siempre solos, intentan desespera- damente mantener sus colecciones en orden a la vez que a duras penas encuentran el tiempo necesario para publicar las descripciones de una pequeña fracción de las novedades que se les envían para su identificación ”. —Edward O . Wilson en “El futuro de la vida” “Juan José Tafalla (1755-1811), agregado de la Ex- pedición Botánica del Perú (1785-1798) y de la Expedición a la Real Audiencia de Quito (1799-1808). Un botánico tranquilo, bondadoso y sencillo que permaneció a la sombra de Ruiz y Pavón, contentándose con sus halagos. Dichos botánicos oficiales se aprovecharon de sus recolecciones y trabajo e hicieron poco por dar a conocer su personalidad científica debido a las relaciones dominio-sumisión en el trabajo científico de la época”. Estrella Aguirre (011) 0 J. ETAYO Opera lilloana 50: Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador 11 Resumen Etayo, J . 0 . “Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador” . Opera Lilloana 50 —. Se presenta un catálogo comentado de los hongos liquenícolas, en su mayor parte recolectados por el autor a lo largo de dos viajes a Ecuador en los años 999 y 00 . Se han estudiado cientos de muestras de estos hongos de alrededor de 00 taxones diferentes, de los que se señalan 368 (16 de ellos líquenizados), en este primer catálogo del país . Con este material se describen siete géneros: Chondronectria Etayo, Flakus y Kukwa, Cylindronectria Etayo, Leptobarya Etayo, Lichenopenicillus Etayo, Lichenotubeufia Etayo, Paragyali- deopsis Etayo y Pygmaeosphaera Etayo y Diederich . Se proponen también los siguientes 80 nuevos taxones, incluidas dos subespecies y dos variedades: Abrothallus heterodermiicola Etayo y F . Berger en Heterodermia, A. niger Eta- yo en Everniastrum, y quizás en Parmotrema y Usnea, Arthonia catillarioides Etayo en Sticta, A. heterodermiae Etayo en Heterodermia, Arthonia lobariellae Etayo en Lobariella, Arthrorhaphis phyllobaeis Etayo y Palice en Phyllobaeis, Capronia amylacea Etayo en Peltigera, C. muellerelloides Etayo en Heterodermia, C. solitaria Etayo en Heterodermia y quizás también en Lobaria, Lobariella y Sticta, Cercidospora hypotrachynicola Etayo en Hypotrachyna, Chondronectria eriodermaticola Etayo, Flakus y Kukwa en Erioderma, Clypeococcum amylaceum Etayo en Parmotrema, C. cajasense Etayo en Hypotrachyna, C. rugosisporum Etayo y Zhurb . en Parmotrema, Cornutispora ophiurospora Etayo en Lobarie- lla, Cylindronectria cyanobactericola Etayo en algas epiliquénicas, Dacampia pentaseptata Etayo en Parmotrema, Dactylospora heterodermiae Etayo en Hete- rodermia, Didymellopsis viridireagens Etayo en Leptogium, Didymocyrtis micro- punctum Etayo en Parmotrema, Endococcus sipmanii Etayo en Heterodermia, Enterographa epigraphis Etayo y Sipman en Graphis, Fellhanera stictae Etayo en Sticta, Gyalideopsis usneicola Etayo en Usnea, Hainesia atrolazulina Etayo en Hypotrachyna, Hyalopeziza heterodermiae Etayo en Heterodermia, Leptobarya auranticarpa Etayo en Leptogium, L. nigra Etayo en Leptogium, Lettauia usneae Etayo en Usnea, Lichenochora bacidiispora Etayo en Parmotrema, L. chimaeri- 12 J. ETAYO ca Etayo en Pertusaria, Lichenopeltella heterodermiicola ssp. endothallina Etayo en Heterodermia, L. thalamica Etayo, Flakus y Kukwa en Pseudocyphellaria, Lichenopenicillus versicolor Etayo en Sticta y Leptogium, Lichenotubeufia boomia- na Etayo en Sticta, Lichenotubeufia tafallae Etayo en Leptogium, Llimoniella bergeriana Etayo en Punctelia, Ll. parmotrematis Etayo en Parmotrema, Mica- rea stereocaulorum Etayo y van den Boom en Stereocaulon, Nanostictis confusa Etayo en Everniastrum e Hypotrachyna, N. heterodermiae Etayo en Heterodermia, Nectriopsis albida Etayo en Sticta, N. curtiseta Etayo en Sticta, N. melongenoidea Etayo en Gomphillus, N. vinosa Etayo en Usnea, Nectriopsis vivida Etayo y Sipman en liquen crustáceo indeterminado, Niesslia evae Etayo en Erioder- ma, N. sitctarum ssp. nuda Etayo en Lobariella, Opegrapha chapsae Etayo en Chapsa, O. lopezariae Etayo y Sipman en Lopezaria, O. stellanigra Etayo en Sticta, Paragyalideopsis breussii Etayo en Hypotrachyna, P. minuta Etayo en Trypethelium, Placidiopsis minor var . longispora Etayo y Breuss en Diploschis- tes, Plectocarpon aequatoriale Etayo en Sticta, Pronectria biglobosa Etayo en Hypotrachyna, P. pycnidioidea Etayo en Heterodermia, Protounguicularia usneae Etayo en Usnea, Pygmaeosphaera epigraphis Etayo en Graphis, P. sipmaniana Etayo en Parmeliella, Rhizocarpon tungurahuae Etayo y Palice en Gyalidea, Roselliniomyces erinaceus Etayo en Sticta, Sclerococcum phyllobaeis Etayo en Phyllobaeis, Skyttea recognita Etayo y Diederich en talos crustáceos epífitos, Skyttella stictae Etayo en Sticta, Sphaerellothecium episoralium Etayo en soralios de Heterodermia, S. usneicola Etayo en Usnea, Spirographa longispora Etayo en Sticta, Sporidesmium usneae Etayo en Usnea, Stigmidium ahtii Etayo y Palice en apotecios de Cladonia lopezii, S. epinesolechia Etayo en agallas de Nesolechia sobre Punctelia, S. hypotrachynicola Etayo en Hypotrachyna, Telogalla cajasense Etayo en Leptogium, Trichonectria apiculata Etayo en Usnea, Trichonectria inter- media Etayo en Parmotrema, Unguiculariopsis peltigericola Etayo en Peltigera, Xenonectriella coppinsiana Etayo en Yoshimuriella subdissecta, X. subimperspicua var . degenerans Etayo en Parmotrema, X. rugulatispora Etayo en Lobariella y X. vertebrata Etayo en Heterodermia. Se proponen también las siguientes nueve nuevas combinaciones: Li- chenotubeufia eriodermae (Etayo) Etayo, L. heterodermiae (Etayo) Etayo, L. pannariae (Etayo) Etayo, Paragyalideopsis floridae (Etayo y Diederich) Eta- yo, P. stereocaulicola (Etayo) Etayo, Protounguicularia hispidula (Etayo) Etayo, Pygmaeosphaera coccocarpiae
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