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European Journal of Homelessness European Observatory on Homelessness European Journal of Homelessness Volume 15, No. 1_ 2021 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HOMELESSNESS Journal Philosophy The European Journal of Homelessness provides a critical analysis of policy and practice on homelessness in Europe for policy makers, practitioners, researchers and academics. The aim is to stimulate debate on homelessness and housing exclusion at the European level and to facilitate the development of a stronger evidential base for policy development and innovation. The journal seeks to give international exposure to significant national, regional and local developments and to provide a forum for comparative analysis of policy and practice in preventing and tackling homelessness in Europe. The journal also assess the lessons for Europe, which can be derived from policy, practice and research from elsewhere. Editorial Team Eoin O’Sullivan, School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland (Lead Editor) Volker Busch-Geertsema, GISS (Association for Innovative Social Research and Social Planning), Bremen, Germany (Coordinator of European Observatory on Homelessness) Mike Allen, Focus Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Isabel Baptista, Independent Researcher, Lisbon, Portugal Lars Benjaminsen, VIVE – the Danish Center for Social Science Research, Copenhagen, Denmark Nicholas Pleace, Centre for Housing Policy, University of York, UK Nóra Teller, Metropolitan Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary Editorial Assistant Courtney Marsh, University of Ghent, Belgium Contributors Tim Aubry School of Psychology & Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services University of Ottawa, Canada [email protected] Deb Batterham Centre for Urban Transitions Swinburne University of Technology, and Launch Housing, Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Teresa Consoli University of Catania, Italy [email protected] Jörg Dittmann Institute of Social Planning, Organizational Change and Urban Development School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Basel, Switzerland [email protected] Matthias Drilling Institute of Social Planning, Organizational Change and Urban Development School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Basel, Switzerland [email protected] Evelyn Dyb Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo, Norway [email protected] Claudia Engelmann German Institute for Human Rights, Berlin, Germany [email protected] Pascale Estacahandy Délégation interministérielle à l’hébergement et l’accès au logement (DIHAL), France [email protected] Gosalya Iyadurai Institute of Social Planning, Organizational Change and Urban Development School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Basel, Switzerland [email protected] Guy Johnson RMIT University Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Christian Laval Lyon2 Université France [email protected] Henning Lohmann University of Hamburg, Germany [email protected] Geoffrey Nelson Wilfrid Laurier University Canada [email protected] Miriam Matthiessen FEANTSA Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Esther Mühlethaler Institute of Social Planning, Organizational Change and Urban Development School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Basel, Switzerland [email protected] Eoin O’Sullivan School of Social Work and Social Policy Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Republic of Ireland [email protected] Ruth Owen FEANTSA Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Deborah Padgett NYU Silver School of Social Work New York, USA [email protected] Angeliki Paidakaki KU Leuven, Belgium [email protected] Ingrid Sahlin School of Social Work Lund University, Sweden [email protected] Marybeth Shinn Vanderbilt University, USA [email protected] Wayne Stanley Simon Communities of Ireland Republic of Ireland [email protected] Nóra Teller Metropolitan Research Institute Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Sam Tsemberis Pathways Housing First Institute USA [email protected] Matti Wirehag Faculty of social Sciences University of Gothenburg, Sweden [email protected] International Advisory Committee of the European Journal of Homelessness Professor Isobel Anderson (University of Stirling), UK Professor Tim Aubry (University of Ottawa), Canada Professor Pedro José Cabrera (Comillas Pontifical University of Madrid), Spain Professor Jochen Clasen (University of Edinburgh), UK Professor Dennis P. Culhane (University of Pennsylvania), USA Professor Pascal De Decker (KU Leuven), Belgium Professor Emeritus Joe Doherty (University of St Andrews), UK Dr. Evelyn Dyb (Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research), Norway Mr. Bill Edgar (European Housing Research Ltd), UK Professor Suzanne Fitzpatrick (Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh), UK Professor Paul Flatau (Murdoch University), Australia Professor Stephen Gaetz (York University), Canada Professor Susanne Gerull (Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin), Germany Professor József Hegedüs (Metropolitan Research Institute Budapest), Hungary Professor Guy Johnson (RMIT University, Melbourne), Australia Professor Marcus Knutagård (Lund University), Sweden Professor Claire Lévy-Vroelant (Université Paris 8 -Vincennes – Saint-Denis), France Dr. Pete Mackie (Cardiff University), Wales Professor Thomas Maloutas (Harokopio University, Athens), Greece Dr. Magdalena Mostowska (University of Warsaw), Poland Professor Ingrid Sahlin (Lund University), Sweden Professor Marybeth Shinn (Vanderbilt University), USA Dr. Svetlana Stephenson (London Metropolitan University), UK Professor Jack Tsai (Yale University) USA Professor Antonio Tosi (Politecnico University of Milan), Italy Professor Judith Wolf (UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen), The Netherlands Consultative Committee of the European Journal of Homelessness Alexander Machatschke, Austria Alessandro Pezzoni, Italy Danny Lescrauwaet, Belgium Aida Karčiauskienė, Lithuania Robert Krejí, Czech Republic Andreas Vogt, Luxembourg Bo Heide-Jochimsen, Denmark Jakub Wilczek, Poland Sanna Tiivola, Finland Ana Martins, Portugal Jean Michel David, France Nicoleta Dinu, Romania Werena Rosenke, Germany Bojan Kuljanac, Slovenia Lazaros Petromelidis, Greece Arturo Coego, Spain Istvan Dandéc, Hungary Kjell Larsson, Sweden Wayne Stanley, Ireland Jules Van Dam, The Netherlands Matthew Downie, UK Content 9 Content Editorial 11 Articles Angeliki Paidakaki Social Innovation in the Times of a European Twofold Refugee-Housing Crisis. Evidence from the Homelessness Sector 15 Henning Lohmann Hidden Homelessness in Germany: Gathering Evidence on Couch Surfing in Telephone Surveys 37 Deb Batterham Who is At -risk of Homelessness? Enumerating and Profiling the Population to Inform Prevention 59 Matti Wirehag Gatekeeping, Managing Homelessness and Administrating Housing for the Poor: The Three Functions of Local Housing Services for People Experiencing Homelessness in Sweden 85 Claudia Engelmann De Jure Temporary, De Facto Permanent: Shelters for People Experiencing Homelessness in Germany 109 Geoffrey Nelson, Tim Aubry, Pascale Estecahandy, Christian Laval, Eoin O’Sullivan, Marybeth Shinn and Sam Tsemberis How Social Science Can Influence Homelessness Policy: Experiences from Europe, Canada, and the United States. Part I – Problem and Solutions 131 10 European Journal of Homelessness _ Volume 15, No. 1_ 2021 Research Note Ruth Owen and Miriam Matthiessen COVID-19 Response and Homelessness in the EU 161 Country Review Matthias Drilling, Esther Mühlethaler, Gosalya Iyadurai, Jörg Dittmann Homelessness Research and Policy in Switzerland – A First Country Report Embedded in the UN and European Framework 187 Book Reviews MaryBeth Shinn and Jill Khadduri (2020) In the Midst of Plenty: Homelessness and What to Do About It 217 Mike Allen, Lars Benjaminsen, Eoin O’Sullivan and Nicholas Pleace (2020) Ending Homelessness? The contrasting experiences of Denmark, Finland and Ireland 233 Kovács, Vera (2019) Utak az erdőben [Routes in the Forest] 255 Eoin O’Sullivan (2020) Reimaging Homelessness for Policy and Practice. 259 Editorial 11 Editorial As this edition of the European Journal of Homelessness goes to press, restrictions on travel, hospitality and broader economic activity due to Covid-19 are gradually being eased across Europe as vaccination programmes are rolled out. However, uncertainly is evident in relation to the various variants of Covid-19 that are circu- lating, and if these variants, allied to greater social contacts, will result in further restrictions in the Autumn. Protecting people from Covid-19 has cast a cold light on the limitations of current policy and service responses to homelessness, and Ruth Owen and Miriam Matthiessen in their review of responses to homelessness in Europe arising from Covid-19 demonstrate just how inadequate and dangerous emergency accommodation, particularly communal shelters, are as a response to those who experience homelessness. The ability to protect oneself by staying at home simply adds to the large body of evidence that access to housing, with support as needed, is most effective response, not only to the residential instability that characterises that majority who experience a spell in temporary or emergency accommodation, but also how crucial a secure dwelling is across a range of other domains in providing protection, security and the capacity to develop ones capabilities. They also demonstrate that given sufficient political will and resources, what are sometimes termed
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