Disability, Race, and the Politics of Memory Susanne C. Knittel
Uncanny Homelands: Disability, Race, and the Politics of Memory Susanne C. Knittel Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 ©2011 Susanne C. Knittel All Rights Reserved Abstract Uncanny Homelands: Disability, Race, and the Politics of Memory Susanne C. Knittel This dissertation is an interdisciplinary and comparative study of German and Italian memory culture after 1945. It examines how the interaction between memorials, litera‐ ture, historiography, and popular culture shapes a society’s memory and identity. I focus on two marginalized aspects of the memory of the Holocaust: the Nazi “euthanasia” program directed against the mentally ill and disabled, and the Fascist persecution of Slovenes, Croats, and Jews in and around Trieste. I couple my analysis of memorials to these atrocities with an examination of the literary and artistic representations of the traumatic events in question. My work thus expands the definition of site of memory to encompass not only the specific geographical location of a historical event but also the assemblage of cultural artefacts and discourses that accumulate around it over time. A “site” therefore denotes a physical and a cultural space that is continuously re‐defined and rewritten. The two memorials I analyze, Grafeneck and the Risiera di San Sabba, bookend the Holocaust, revealing a trajectory from the systematic elimination of socially undesirable people, such as the mentally ill and disabled, to the full‐scale racial purifica‐ tion of the “final solution.” The lack of survivor testimony about these sites has been a major factor in their continued marginalization within the discourse on Holocaust mem‐ ory, which is why it is all the more important to consider the way these events figure in other genres and other media, such as novels, short stories, poems, biographies, TV‐ dramas, and theatre plays.
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