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An Analysis of Factors Bringing to Socio Economic Growth in Local Communities Haudi Khairi Aseh Kamal Kenny, Phd P.Ravindran Pathmathan

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An Analysis of Factors Bringing to Socio Economic Growth in Local Communities Haudi Khairi Aseh Kamal Kenny, Phd P.Ravindran Pathmathan International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol. 11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 1493-1506 An Analysis of Factors Bringing to Socio Economic Growth in Local Communities Haudi Khairi Aseh Kamal Kenny, PhD P.Ravindran Pathmathan Abstract Common perception of rural areas indicated that the areas are a social and economic environment where agriculture plays a significant role in its economic function. However, this is not the case. Several researches have demonstrated that socio-economic development of local communities is significantly influenced by many factors, for example the accessibility of their areas. Over the years, partnership between public and private entities in the context of socio-economic development in Malaysia has shown empirical success as reinforced by the need to address demands and challenges of the local community. These initiatives would provide essential inputs that would suffice relevant literatures for the stakeholders in order to develop a better socio-economic growth in Malaysia. Looking at the potential, this study attempts to determine the socio-economic demands and challenges of the local population in Cameron Highlands, Pahang to suggest relevant assistance and interventions required. The overall results of this study reveal the gaps faced at the community level in the District of Cameron Highland in the context of social and economy. This study was carried out via a structured survey throughout the district involving 300 respondents and also complemented with a face-to-face interview carried out with key stakeholders. The study findings were also supported with secondary data compilation of journals, articles and speeches. Keywords: Socio-economy, Rural Development, Urbanisation, Empowering, Interventions, Knowledge Management, Viability Introduction Malaysia has seen dramatic changes in its political setting in the past few years where it has impacted the leadership and governance in the country. Many reforms have taken place in the last decade. Some reforms were supported with studies with impact evaluation, whereby others were ad hoc. Siddique (2007) in his article explained that reform and innovation drives has influence the changes in political and economic contexts. These changes has rendered major impact on the roles played by both the public and private sectors with the former as the “fundamental engine for growth and development,” while the latter is regarded to play “indirect and supportive roles” (Siddiquee 2007, p.83). With these changes, it can be predicted that the seeds of development can be benefitted by the local communities if the right infrastructures are in place. Inter-related processes have occurred throughout the transition from being as under-development to development status. Agriculture itself has become a form of industry, as technology, marketing and consumer preferences have progressed along the lines that closely follow the profile of comparable industrial sectors (Kenny & El, 2016). The increase in the proportion of agricultural labour force is characteristically accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of labour force engaged in various non-agricultural activities such as manufacturing, trade and services.Having said this, it has opens up a wide range of employment opportunities however, at times the local community is not equipped to meet the expectations of the labour market. Thus, the challenge now lies in preparing the local community to meet this need. Fatimah (2000) elaborated that the development of the retail sector in Malaysia has resulted in the major changes in the structure of the marketing chain for products including declining of retails stores and increased market shares of 1493 ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol. 11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 1493-1506 supermarkets as a ratio of the population and the market share of small business firms. There are also growing numbers of international companies like TESCO, JUSCO and Cold Storage which has set a new benchmark in marketing system for agricultural products (Kenny & El,2016). Given the increasing globalization of the upstream and downstream sectors’ economy, it is difficult to evaluate and localize the generation and maintenance of growth and employments. The Rural Transformation Programme (RTP), an initiative under the National Transformational Programme (NTP) was introduced in the 2012 Budget to transform the country into a high-income and developed nation. Based on the Economic Report 2012/2013, the RTP sought to attract investment, create economics and employment activities as well as provide opportunities for the younger generation who has migrated, to return and work in rural areas. Ecotourism on the other hand offers benefits for local residents, conservation, development and educational experiences. Sustainable ecotourism depends on successful participation of local people. Through their participation, pollution free tourism activities can be maintained and income for sustainable development may be generated. Skills-based programmes are an important component to ensure that the community is equipped with the knowledge and ability to perform jobs that require skills. Empower ECER (East Coast Economic Region) is a twin-pronged human capital development initiative of ECERDC which focuses on Skills and Entrepreneurship Training for adults and Academic Training for examination-year-students in the East Coast Economic Region. The programme was first introduced in Bentong, Pahang in 2010 and it has since been expanded to Cameron Highlands in 2012 (ECER Media Room, 2013). The challenge remains to ensure that courses introduced and taught in this programme are relevant to the work market and that the participants are able to sustain their businesses in the long run. All these measures to a certain extent need to be addressed and finding the solutions, hence, as revealed through the recommendations – would be best served. Study Objectives The key objectives of the study are primarily: 1) To collect information via participatory appraisal methods and quantitative surveys on secondary data, on the characteristics of the affected community. 2) To identify and investigate the socio-economic demands and gaps of the local population which include availability to local resources and business and industry opportunities. 3) To explore the key nature of interventions and assistance required by candidates. 4) To observe the potential category of candidates to attend the Capacity Building Programmes. 5) To identify potential key training needs for the community. With a strong affirmation that knowledge sharing opens up another important dimension for the socio- economic development of the communities in the context of leadership and governance, as well as looking at community culture as the potential factor in influencing the formation of the knowledge sharing behavior, therefore, it is essential to examine if the relationship between stakeholders’ roles and knowledge sharing behavior is interceded by community culture. According to Suppiah& Sandhu (2011), community culture can have a positive or negative implication in knowledge sharing within an organization, depending on the kind of culture which is apparent within the community. Significance of Study In this study, the researcher is aiming to provide an analysis on how socio-economic status has impacting the local communities. This study sees that lack of modern technology, availability of infrastructure and knowledge transfer in place might be the reasons for local businesses for not being successful. Therefore, this study is significant mainly because it will explore on how the transfer of technology and knowledge sharing can be present within the intervention framework for the community. This is in line with the perception proposed by the Information Resources Management Association (2012) that in order to allow 1494 ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC Copyright ⓒ2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol. 11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 1493-1506 the community to achieve competitive advantage and engage in a favorable performance, knowledge sharing is of strategically an important element. Upon publishing the study, it is expected that the researcher will be able to fill this current gap within the available knowledge on the research topic. Henceforth, it is the hopes of the researcher that future researcher will be able to use the findings as an additional reference for a similar nature of investigation. The study will also be significant for leaders in the various agencies basically because the discussions which will be provided will allow them to have a more comprehensive knowledge on the current socio- economic condition of the community being studied, the challenges and gaps that may occur and windows of opportunities to work together for the development of the particular community. In addition, the study will also be significant for the people in the academic field who are interested in the researcher’s field of study. Ultimately, this study intentto significantly contribute to empower ECER and all other government agencies as such they will gain practical knowledge and insights, specifically in the planning and implementing of future projects. Overview of Cameron Highlands, Pahang Cameron Highlands in Pahang is one of Malaysia's most popular tourist destinations, a collection of peaceful townships perched 1500 meters high on a nest of serene
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