Mississippi River Commission∗
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MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION∗ The Mississippi River Commission (MRC) was improvements to include levees, headwater reservoirs, created by an act of Congress on June 28, 1879. The and pumping stations that maximize the benefits Flood Control Act of May 15, 1928, authorized the realized on the main stem by expanding flood Flood Control, Mississippi River and Tributaries protection coverage and improving drainage into (MR&T) Project. The Commission consists of three adjacent areas within the alluvial valley. officers of the Corps of Engineers, one from the former Coast and Geodetic Survey (presently the National Since its initiation, the MR&T project has brought Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and three an unprecedented degree of flood protection to the civilians, two of whom must be civil engineers. All approximate 4 million people living in the members are appointed by the President with the advice 35,000-square-mile project area within the lower and consent of the Senate. Mississippi Valley. The Nation has contributed roughly $14,000,000,000 toward the planning, construction, The MRC has a proud heritage that dates back to operation, and maintenance of the project. To date, the June 28, 1879. Congress established the seven-member Nation has received a 34 to 1 return on that investment, presidential Commission with the mission to transform including $478,000,000,000 in flood damages the Mississippi River into a reliable commercial artery, prevented. while protecting adjacent towns and fertile agricultural lands from destructive floods. The 1879 legislation that The MRC continued its 130-year process of created MRC granted the body extensive planning listening to the concerns of partners and stakeholders in authority and jurisdiction on the Mississippi River the Mississippi Valley, inspecting the challenges posed stretching from its headwaters at Lake Itasca to the by the river, and partnering to find sustainable Head of Passes, near its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico. engineering solutions to those challenges through the The MRC quickly assumed the role of an active Federal 2011 High-Water Inspection (385th Session of MRC) agent capable of transcending the regional issues that and the 2011 Low-Water Inspection (386th Session). had previously hampered the development of a more During the fiscal year, MRC listened to, inspected effective river improvement system. The Commission alongside, partnered, and evaluated engineering began improving the navigation channel to promote solutions with more than 2000 stakeholders, state commerce, setting standards for levee construction, and representatives, non-government organization holding public hearings to give local interests a greater representatives, and local interests. The official record voice in shaping Federal policy. of the Proceedings of MRC, complete with recorded hearings of public meetings, copies of signed formal In its current capacity, the MRC prosecutes the statements provided by the public, executive summaries MR&T project authorized by the 1928 Flood Control of the Proceedings, and other documents of Act. The MRC is focused on watershed priorities and significance, are kept on file in the Office of the is carrying out a 200-year working vision. President in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The MR&T project employs a variety of The mission of MRC includes balancing the engineering techniques, including an extensive levee requirements of flood control, navigation and the system to prevent disastrous overflows on developed environment by providing water resource engineering alluvial lands; floodways to safely divert excess flows direction and policy advice to the Administration, past critical reaches so that the levee system will not be Congress, and the Army in a drainage basin that unduly stressed; channel improvements and comprises 41 percent of the United States and parts of stabilization features to protect the integrity of flood two Canadian provinces, and leads sustainable control measures and ensure proper alignment and management and development of water and related depth of the navigation channel; and tributary basin resources for the Nation’s benefit and the people's well-being. ∗ Authorizing legislation (Tables 41-D and 41-E) is listed at the end of this chapter. All other tables are referenced in text and also appear at the end of the chapter. 41-1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ON CIVIL WORKS ACTIVITIES FOR FY 2011 The MRC is charged, under direction of the Secretary of the Army and supervision of the Chief of Engineers, with prosecution of improvements for flood control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries and outlets in its alluvial valley, so far as they are affected by Mississippi River backwater, between Head of Passes, LA (mile 0), and Cape Girardeau, MO (1,006 miles AHP-Lower Mississippi mileage termi- nates at mile 954 AHP), and with prosecution of improvements in the interest of navigation between Cairo, IL (954 miles AHP), and Baton Rouge, LA (234 miles AHP); and for stabilization of the lower 7 miles of the right bank of the Ohio River, to former The basin drains 41 percent of the US: - 31 States, mouth of Cache River. It also is charged with prosecu- 2 Canadian Providences tion of certain flood control works on the Mississippi River and tributaries, as far as they are affected by backwater, between Cape Girardeau and Rock Island, - Since August 1997, MRC has resumed its IL (1,437 miles AHP), and with prosecution of inspection of upper Mississippi River. The improvements on designated tributaries and outlets Commission conducted a listening and below Cape Girardeau for flood control, navigation, inspection tour of the Ohio River Basin in major drainage, and related water uses. Authorized 2005 and 2011, the Missouri River Basin in operations of MRC below Cape Girardeau are 2007, the Illinois River Watershed in 2009, conducted by District Engineers of New Orleans, and the Arkansas River Basin in 2010, all in an Vicksburg, Memphis, and St. Louis Districts within the effort to share and learn from experiences from areas described below, in accordance with approved the watershed management of those tributary directives and programs and congressional basins. appropriations therefore. - Stakeholders and the public have requested 385th Session of MRC MRC involvement in major studies and projects. The Mississippi River conducted its 385th session from April 10-15, 2010, onboard the MV MISSISSIPPI - For projects and studies that require a broad en route from Hickman, KY, to New Orleans, LA, as watershed approach with multiple levels of part of the annual high-water inspection trip. The MRC interest, MRC’s authorities, resources, and held public hearings at Cairo, Memphis, TN; relationships continue to prove effective. Greenville, MS; and New Orleans. More than 220 members of the public attended the public The MRC provides a valuable forum, voice, and meetings. partner for diverse interests throughout the basin; implementation oversight for a range of water resource The members of the Mississippi River Commission activities and comprehensive management of the present during the 385th session included MR&T project; an established record of expertise and MG Michael J. Walsh, nominated as President of the accomplishment; a clear charter that includes the entire Mississippi River Commission on March 14, 2011; watershed; an avenue to task U.S. Army Corps and Honorable Sam E. Angel, reappointed as a member on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration December 30, 2010; Honorable R. D. James, Civil (NOAA) for equipment and personnel; and working Engineer, reappointed as a member on April 16, 2003; relationships with the Chief of Engineers, the Assistant Honorable William Clifford Smith, Civil Engineer, Secretary of the Army for Civil Works (ASA(CW)), and appointed October 22, 1998; RADM Jonathan Bailey, Congress to address challenges and make National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, improvements in the watershed. 41-2 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION nominated as a member on March 14, 2011; MG John a detailed status update on the Missouri River W. Peabody, Commander, Great Lakes and Ohio River Authorized Purposes Study (MRAPS) being carried out Division (LRD), designated as member on August 4, by the Northwestern Division under the command of 2008; and BG John McMahon, Commander, Commission member BG McMahon. During its Northwestern Division, designated as a member on inspection of the Missouri River Basin in 2007, the November 20, 2009: and COL George T. Shepard Mississippi River Commission heard from numerous served as Secretary of the Commission which is a state governors and congressional officials on the nonvoting position. necessity to reexamine the management and uses of the Missouri River system. For years, stakeholders in the On Sunday, April 11, the 384th Session convened Mississippi Valley have also voiced their concerns on onboard the MV MISSISSIPPI in Cairo. the impacts of the Missouri River on the Mississippi COL Vernon Reichling, Commander of the Memphis River. In a formal statement in support of the study District, provided a detailed briefing on the status, dated August 20, 2009, the Commission requested that schedules, and issues of MR&T projects within his area MRAPS assess the impacts of potential Missouri River of operations. COL Reichling reported that the process flow regime changes on the Mississippi River and that for delivering a final Environmental Impact Statement the Northwestern Division brief the Commission