Doctorial Project for Completion of the Degree Doctorate, Commissioner’s Science Boy Scouts of America University of Scouting Commissioner’s College
Unit, District, and Council General and Contingency Planning Guide for Boy Scouts of America©
Version 0.99b
4 February 2010
By Larry D. Hahn, Lt Col, USAF Ret Unit Commissioner Chesapeake Bay District Colonial Virginia Council
2010 - BSA General n Contingency Planning Guide - L. Hahn.docx Approval Letter Advisor
Memorandum for Record
To: Larry D. Hahn, Unit Commissioner (Doctorial Candidate)
From: Ronald Davis, District Commissioner (Candidate’s Advisor)
CC: Lloyd Dunnavant, Dean, Commissioners College
Date: January 10, 2019
Re: Approval of BSA Scout University Doctorial Project
After careful review of the submitted project from Larry D. Hahn for completion of his Commissioner’s College doctorial degree, I grant my approved and acceptance for the degree of Doctorate (PhD) in Commissioner’s Science through the Boy Scouts of America, University of Scouting. As of this date, and as his advisor, I submit this signed letter as official documentation of approval.
Ronald Davis Advisor Chesapeake Bay District Commissioner
Approval Letter Council Commissioner
Memorandum for Record
To: Larry D. Hahn, Unit Commissioner (Doctorial Candidate)
From: Mike Fry, Council Commissioner
CC: Ronald Davis, District Commissioner (Candidate’s Advisor)
Date: January 10, 2019
Re: Approval of BSA Scout University Doctorial Project
After careful review of the submitted project from Larry D. Hahn for completion of his Commissioner’s College doctorial degree, I grant my approved and acceptance for the degree of Doctorate (PhD) in Commissioner’s Science through the Boy Scouts of America, University of Scouting. As of this date, and as Council Commissioner, I submit this signed letter as official documentation of approval.
Mike Fry Colonial Virginia Council Commissioner
Approval Letter Dean of the Commissioner’s Collage
Memorandum for Record
To: Larry D. Hahn, Unit Commissioner (Doctorial Candidate)
From: Lloyd Dunnavant, Dean, Commissioner’s College
CC: Ronald Davis, District Commissioner (Candidate’s Advisor)
Date: January 10, 2019
Re: Approval of BSA Scout University Doctorial Project
After careful review of the submitted project from Larry D. Hahn for completion of his Commissioner’s College doctorial degree, I grant my approval and acceptance for the degree of Doctorate (PhD) in Commissioner’s Science through the Boy Scouts of America, University of Scouting. As Dean of the Commissioners College, I declare, as of this date, that Larry D Hahn has completed the project requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Commissioner’s Science (PhD); I submit this signed letter as official documentation of completion.
Lloyd Dunnavant Dean, Commissioners College
© Copy Right 2010
Explicit and Implied BSA Use of this Material Per the requirements for submission of a doctorial thesis or project within the University of Scouting, Commissioner’s College process, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) receives both implied and explicit rights for the use of the material found within this document, titled “Unit, District, and Council General and Contingency Planning Guide for Boy Scouts of America.” This intellectual property is proprietary; it is for the use of the Boy Scouts of America and the author, exclusively. Boy Scouts of America is defined as the national council, headquarters in Irving Texas, and any and all of its subordinate organizations, subsidiaries, and personnel to include any duly registered members who are in good standing that are acting on behalf of the Boy Scouts of America. The author retains original proprietary and all other rights and privileges of this work. Authorization to copy or use this information in any manner or for any purpose otherwise stated must do so with the sole and expressed permission of the author by any individuals, corporations, organizations, or any other entity, other than the Boy Scouts of America.
i CONTENTS
Preface……………………………………...………….………………….………………...... iii
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….…… iv
1.0 Emergency Preparedness in the BSA..….….….….……..…..…....……...... ….….….... 1
2.0 What is an Emergency or Contingency…………………………..…….…………….….... 2
3.0 Emergency & Contingency Types.………………………………….….….……………… 3 3.1 Environmental Effects & Natural Disasters 3.2 Manmade Accidents & Disasters 3.3 Search and Rescue
4.0 How Planning Will Help in Managing an Emergency or Contingency..…………..….…...7
5.0 Guide General Description…….….….….….….……………………………………..…... 8
6.0 General Planning Explained…..………………………………………….……..….….….. 9 6.1 The Planning Process 6.2 Military & Business Examples 6.3 The General Planning Guide
7.0 Contingency Planning Explained…..………………………………………….…………... 12 7.1 The “What If” Factor in Contingency Planning 7.2 The Contingency Planning Guide 7.3 Supporting Information & Detailed Descriptions for the Guide 7.4 The Quick Reference Guide (QRG) 7.5 Crisis Action Planning
8.0 Summary………………………………………………………………….…….….…….... 23
APPENDICES A. General & Contingency Planning Guide for BSA Units B. Reference Data, Tables, & Charts C. Youth Permission Forms D. Acronym & Abbreviation List E. Glossary F. Bibliography
ii PREFACE
Over time, I have observed instances where reasonable questions asking about alternate plans did not receive a reasonable answer in return; answers like “we did not think of that” were usually the responses given. No reasonable person can expect an individual, or committee, to think of everything, especially when their time is so precious. However, if planers were to simply ask some basic “what if” type questions and consider the answers to them, it would far better prepare them for when things do not go as planned. This problem really defined itself for me while attending an outdoor Cub Scout event. I saw first hand how the lack of a contingency plan might negatively affect a Scouting activity. Thunderstorms were moving in with lightning, while the event site remained clear. However, conditions were soon about to deteriorate, as the lightning was within 5 to 10 miles. Yet activities continued along as planned, in particular, one of the adults began to conduct the water bottle rocket launching activity in a nearby field. I asked what their plan was for canceling or adjusting their activities, the answer, there was no plan. When I suggested that shooting water bottle rockets into the air, in an open field, with lightning in the area was not a good idea, I got the statement that “it was fine, it was not raining yet.” I was stunned. Not only did the adults not understand the weather but also lacked any understanding of the importance in developing a contingency plan. If they had considered these possibilities, even at the most rudimentary level, they would have been prepared to avoid what was becoming a serious and dangerous situation. For one of my Wood Badge ticket items, I chose to develop a guide for units to use in helping them plan, but more importantly develop contingency plans for when their well thought out event did not go as intended. The Military has a saying that no plan survives first contact. The same is true for any plan, the moment you begin executing your plan it begins to change. Having an alternate or contingency plan or plans will never cover every variation, but it will go a good ways in helping you transition through those changes. Possibly to the point where you can keep a fun event on track, and completely transparent to the ones it matters most, the Scouts. Because Boy Scouting High Adventure activities have a higher level of risk than units might experience on an average type outing, a basic contingency plan may not cover every possibility specific to a more challenging excursion. Because of this, planning for challenging type activities are beyond the scope of this guide. Rather, the guide attempts to provide an excellent comprehensive foundation for use in preparing for contingencies and emergencies under multiple conditions and circumstances. Therefore, it is dependant on unit leadership to exercise good judgment when planning for a particularly adventurous activity and to ensure thorough planning occurs to try to anticipate the potential dangers particular to that activity/event. While conducting research for this guide I found many BSA documents, manuals, and books on the subject of unit planning to include for emergencies and contingencies. However, most of them would only explain what to look for or what you might do rather than provide a guide for the process. In addition, the information is found in multiple places and documents; there is no one-stop-shop for conducting a full set of comprehensive plans from a to z. This guide attempts to provide that one-stop-shop for unit planning and contingency considerations.
Larry D. Hahn, Lt Col, USAFR Unit Commissioner, Chesapeake Bay District Colonial Virginia Council
iii Acknowledgements The Lord my God For granting me the wisdom and ability to do all I do, it is because of him!
Ronald Davis, Chesapeake Bay District Commissioner My Commissioner mentor, his quite leadership and guidance are inspiring and helpful Sandy Foster My Wood Badge Ticket Counselor, his patience and support helped make this happen The Fox Patrol To the guys for their levity and support in urging each other on toward completing our goals
My Beautiful Wife For her patience and understanding, allowing me the time necessary to complete this project
iv 1.0 Emergency Preparedness in the BSA Sir Baden Powell started the Scouting movement in 1907, and a significant portion of its teachings then as they are now circled around the importance of being prepared, for anything at anytime. As the hero of Mafeking, Baden Powell understood full well the importance of being prepared as he went about developing the plans necessary to defend the town of Mafeking during the Boer Wars in Africa1. He developed and executed all manner of plans during the siege, from feeding the town folk to delivering the mail, along with a range of contingency plans for reacting to enemy actions, and he was mentally prepared to manage and deal with all the situations he did not anticipate. When the Boy Scouts came to America, in 1910, it began immediately to build a respected history of leaders and Scouts trained in emergency preparedness and the spirit of volunteering to assist during civil emergencies within their communities as well as the nation, even serving during the world wars to aid in homeland defense The Boy Scout’s motto is “Be Prepared,” making it one of Scouting’s highly recognized organizational pillars. Those two simple words are an essential and critical key to successfully surviving and managing ones way through an emergency or disaster. For it is the act of being prepared that leads one to perform in ways that support successful outcomes and to develop solutions to problems experienced under the stress of an emergency or unplanned circumstance. However, it is not just an act of preparation, such as ensuring you pocket a knife or carry extra food and water, but rather it is also a state of mind. The motto helps instill the idea of preparedness in our Scouts, and within the movement, creating a culture of preparedness that teaches our young people to be smart about dealing with a contingency situation or an emergency. Many experts will note that it is this attitude and state of mind that is the most crucial aspect to how well a person or group can deal with an emergency that was unforeseen and unplanned. Think about it, you can prepare for a hurricane by evacuating, bringing extra clothes, food, and water and having a place to go. However, can anyone ever really be fully ready for something like a plane crash on the side of a snow-covered mountain. When confronting such a situation, the person with a positive attitude about survival and being mentally prepared to deal with such a serious and arduous set of circumstances will have the best chance to succeed. You must first win the battle in your mind, then in the world, or risk defeating yourself before you can ever even get started. In reality, no one can ever truly be fully ready for everything all of the time, nor can they plan for every circumstance that might occur at any given moment. Even if you had unlimited resources and all the time needed to assemble what you thought you would need, it falls whoa fully short of what is needed to deal with every catastrophic thing that nature alone can create, nor can it keep you from succumbing from a serious infection caused by a simple paper cut. Realistically, the best you can hope for is to develop plans for potential disasters, as you are able to understand and anticipate them, and then assemble the best of what you have to aid you in dealing with those situations. In today’s world, disasters can come from manmade events as well as nature or even a combination of the two; such as a damn breaking due to a poor design and after an above average rain fall, causing a flood down stream. A disaster, caused by a chain of events that can occur with little or no warning, which can be extremely rapid in their development, and result in devastating destruction and loss of life. In this instance, having a plan to deal with a flood in your home or town may not fully prepare you for a damn burst, and the ensuing wall of water and debris, but it may have taught you critical things needed to react to the event. Information like where the closest high ground is to avoid the flood or some other skill or
1 Hillcourt, W. & Baden-Powell, O. (1992). Baden-Powell: The Two Lives of a Hero. New York: Gilwellian Press
1 bit of knowledge that permits you to make a snap decision that results in you successfully escaping this disaster. It is this very focus of Emergency Preparedness within the Boy Scouts of America that truly makes it exceptional and sets it apart from other youth oriented organizations. By using education, skills development, and established requirements throughout the program structure, and the teaching of self-reliance on one’s personal skills and abilities, the BSA cultivates the creation of a Scout who learns the importance of being both mentally and physically prepared to be their best when confronting what the worst of the world may show them. Better still, Scouts are uniquely trained and prepared to be there for someone who is less capable of dealing with a crisis and because they are ready and able they can prevent themselves from being a statistic while rescuing or leading others from becoming one as well. It is the Boy Scouts motto and culture to “be prepared” and to know and understand emergency preparedness.
2.0 What is an Emergency or Contingency There are just about as many meanings and definitions for what an emergency and contingency can be as there are people on earth. What one person sees as an emergency may not even begin to raise concerns with another and therefore they will not arrive at the same conclusions. The same goes for the reasons for these varied definitions and perspectives, as they are as vast and as diverse as the population as well. Let it suffice to say that while there are many opinions as to what a person will see as their own crises, there are still some standard and widely held understandings on what we can call real emergencies and contingencies, regardless of who you are or where you come from. According to the Emergency Preparedness merit badge pamphlet an emergency is “something unforeseen, unexpected–something that requires immediate action2.” Further, the pamphlet goes on to say that, an emergency can be “related to weather, such as a hurricane, a tornado, a snow- storm, or a flood…can be an accident, such as an explosion, a fire, or a car accident3.” The American Red Cross instructs individuals to “learn what disasters or emergencies may occur in your area. These events can range from those affecting only you and your family, like a home fire or medical emergency, to those affecting your entire community, like an earthquake or flood4.” To contrast and compare, a contingency, according to Webster’s dictionary, is “2. a contingent event or condition: as a : an event (as an emergency) that may but is not certain to occur
2 Boy Scouts of America (2008). Merit Badge Series: Emergency Preparedness (2008). Irving, TX: BSA 3 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 4 American Red Cross (2009). Preparedness Fast Facts: Emergency-Specific Preparedness Information. ARC. Jan 23, 2010, redcross.org: http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.86f46a12f382290517a8f210b80f78a0/? vgnextoid=92d51a53f1c37110VgnVCM1000003481a10aRCRD&vgnextfmt=default
2 establishing a framework for understanding contingencies and emergencies in hopes to aid people in recognizing an emergency when confronting one. A popular term used to describe how an individual keeps track of their environment, surroundings, and those actions occurring around them, is called ‘Situational Awareness,’ also known simply as ‘SA.’ While there are no hard and fast rules as to what a person must do to establish an excellent level of SA; it is generally accepted that they must develop certain personal habits and skills to feed their mind with the information to constantly develop their awareness. SA starts by using one’s full senses, sight, sound, smell, and hearing (some would even add instinct, intuition, or gut, as well), then all of these inputs are used to develop the mind’s eye picture of what is occurring within the range of their awareness, giving them a level of SA. To use these skills and knowledge to their fullest advantage, first, it is necessary for a person to understand what constitutes an emergency, which will assist them in recognizing one when it occurs. Second, they must develop the habits of establishing and maintaining good and constant situational awareness. It is only through that constant awareness of one’s surroundings, coupled with the use of their senses and comparing their inputs to what is or is not an emergency or even more importantly a potential emergency, that they might recognize whether they are confronting a crisis and thus recognize the magnitude of the problem. Enter the concept of a contingency, a person using their SA and the understanding of emergencies/dangers they will develop their own personal short and long term contingencies to decide, react, or act to what they perceive as potential dangers or problems. In this case, consider a contingency to be a preset list of actions or decisions on what a person will do in case they recognize an emergency. For example, they see or smell a fire, after confirming what their senses are telling them, they determine the house is on fire. Their contingency for dealing with this crisis is to warn others, leave the house/danger, and call 911. Now not all of these actions occurred out of instinct or some deep imbedded genetic code inside their brain. The basic procedure for what to do in a house fire is what most of us are taught since being in grade school. Adding the knowledge of using a phone, language skills, and motor functions plus SA and you have the complete package for how a person will act or react to an emergency while using a contingency plan/idea to mitigate or avoid the danger. This guide takes the simple aspect of a contingency to another level by providing units with information for recognizing some emergencies, and a process for conducting contingency planning to deal with select crises. A following chapter will cover planning factors and actions in more detail.
3.0 Emergency & Contingency Types The range of potential contingency types is almost endless. While this planning guide attempts to provide the most comprehensive document possible, within reason, it cannot possibly cover every probable contingency known to humanity. Becoming familiar with the characteristics of emergencies and the circumstances that surround them can help a person to prepare, recover, and mitigate such things, and possibly prevent them from happening at all or at least minimize their effect5. This also means that having knowledge of hazards and dangers can be useful in preventing emergencies, too. In order to assist with the review of these areas, while providing more clarity, common factors and forces are broke up into specific topics by similar and/or related causal factors, thus permitting a simpler focus for discussion. Each section will cover a category of emergencies, disasters, accidents, and other contingencies that a Scouting unit might encounter throughout
5 Boy Scouts of America (2008). Merit Badge Series: Emergency Preparedness (2008). Irving, TX: BSA
3 their standard travels. Conversely, we will not cover certain areas that would require its own separate book of materials in order to properly plan for the subject topic; for example, non- commercial caving, while a BSA approved activity for some, not all, units would require an extensive level of detail to cover the possible contingencies that might occur for such an adventurous activity. In an effort to be pragmatic, and still provide some guidance for conducting contingency planning for extreme or nonstandard activities, Appendix A, Part II, Section C provides specific considerations the unit leadership might use in planning for such an extremely adventurous type activity. The unit can then use this guide as the foundation for that planning effort. The following areas are divided into two main sections, environment/nature and manmade/man caused occurrences. They are then further categorized by a common theme or thread based on the manner they might typically occur.
3.1 Environmental Effects & Natural Disasters The most prevalent source of disasters and emergencies on earth, that mankind will experience on an almost daily bases comes from the environment. In our daily lives we are subject to factors and forces coming from the intergalactic (meteors, comets, solar radiation), interplanetary (tidal forces), planetary (earthquakes, volcanoes), animal (disease, pestilence), and the weather (storms, tornados, floods, temperature), and this is just to name a few. The good news is, most of these events are well known and understood, and are able to recognize them, which give us the potential for warning far enough in advance to take protective measures. In addition, since we are aware of these prevalent impending disasters we have developed contingency plans for dealing with them. However, the bad news is, many of these are not predictable enough with respect knowing when and where they might occur, and a few are even beyond our ability to defend against. Regardless, it is the nature of life to survive, and one key to survival is being prepared for such circumstances and to be prepared is to be knowledgeable and aware of such dangers.
3.1.a Weather: Weather is the most frequent factor within our lives which causes or creates the most disasters and dangers, to include its ability to effect other forces, such as storm winds pushing the high tides above their normal limits. As such, it is also the most studied, reported on, and forecasted phenomena we have. The main programming feature of Scouting that of being outdoors, forces units to confront these possible dangers on a regular bases. Everything from lightning to tornados should have a contingency plan made for them in one form or another, as well as having appropriate supplies and the making of advanced preparations, like having flashlights and knowing the location of the nearest storm cellar or closet. Unfortunately, while forecasts can predict most weather phenomena with relative accuracy and a reasonable level of when it might occur there are still many aspects that cannot provide a timely enough warning to ensure everyone will be able to seek shelter far enough n advance to avoid the danger. Even with today’s modern radar technologies and computer modeling, it provides little benefit to a unit who is miles away from such capabilities or where they cannot even receive a reliable radio signal. The responsibility will always rest with the leadership to remain well informed of the environment, using forecasts and staying vigilant in knowing what to look for in their environment and then taking appropriate action to avoid those conditions that might prove hazardous.
4 3.1.b Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Tsunamis: These phenomena all have one thing in common; they are forces that occur because of changes within the earth itself. Additionally, they can occur with little or no warning and can be some of the most deadly and destructive disasters known to humanity. While avoidance may be the best precaution one can take when dealing with such powerful factors, neither is that very practical considering these events can occur in almost any part of the planet. Earthquakes are felt in 39 states in the US alone (and even then the remaining states are not immune to an earthquake), tsunamis can be experienced along any large to moderately sized coastline (to include lakeshores), and volcanoes while much more predictable do to their known locations can still effect massive areas when they erupt6. For units that live or visit in an earthquake zone, they should take action to be prepared for that possibility by reviewing recommended procedures for when an earthquake occurs and have appropriate emergency supplies with them in case. With respect to tsunamis, many times this phenomena will occur in conjunction or because of an earthquake, however, they can also effect coastlines hundreds of miles from where they originated. Units should avoid shorelines and coastlines during and after a quake and use caution when considering encampments or activities in locations near shorelines when planning for their events. Lastly, with volcanoes the best and only action is avoidance, you should approach an active volcano with caution and contact the US Geological agency or park service to receive the latest information on volcanic activity before even entering the regions that the volcano can affect7. 3.1.c Other Natural Phenomena: So, what does this mean, it means that there are just some circumstances that no one can reasonable predict if and when they might ever occur, but yet it is accepted that they could occur. A disaster such as a large meteor striking or a massive solar flare or the development of a new ice age all might happen. However, for the most part we are powerless to prevent them or even able to avoid them. This does not mean that we should never plan for them or be ready for one. In addition, you should note that the use of some currently available contingency plans might prove useful in managing similar type disasters for where there is no plan; for example, the use of a nuclear contingency plan has enough similarities to make it executable in the case of a large meteor strike. This will at least give you a starting point and some critical action items, while you perform crisis action planning to cover the remaining unknowns and gaps in the plan, (another section will review the crisis action planning process).
3.2 Manmade Accidents & Disasters Where natural and weather related disasters may be the most prevalent, manmade or man caused disasters are quite possibly the most preventable. Many times, the genesis of an accident that led to a disaster was due to a series of human errors or the mistake of a human-in-the-loop of a process where an omission of an important procedure led to a series of factors leading to an accident or disaster. On more rare occasions, manmade disasters can occur when humanity’s progress in technology is not able to keep pace with the results of that progress, like building a skyscraper, with an inferior design, in an area susceptible to high wind conditions that is unable to withstand those natural forces, thus exceeding the structures ability to withstand them. Sadly, the worst of all is when mankind purposefully takes a destructive course or action that creates disasters on a mega scale; like a world war, use of nuclear weapons, making a chemical or biological attack, and a more recent concern is the use of terror attacks. While these disasters, on
6 Boy Scouts of America (2008). Merit Badge Series: Emergency Preparedness (2008). Irving, TX: BSA 7 US Geological Survey (2009). Natural Hazards Gateway. USGS. December 20, 2009, USGS: http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/
5 their face, seem reasonably and possibly preventable, they are in fact more complicated to prepare for then many natural disasters, simply for the fact that they can occur in almost any form, at anytime, anywhere, and by anyone. Still, as with anything in life it is equally reasonable to expect that we should attempt to prepare for such actions by taking steps to maintain our situational awareness, be informed, plan ahead, avoid dangerous situations, and have supplies.
3.2.a Accidents: Accidents come in all shapes and sizes, from a severely cut leg to a plane crash. Typically, they include, but are not limited to, vehicle accidents, injuries, Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) spill, or structural failures. Again, while naturally caused emergencies may be more prevalent, accidents are the most likely emergency most people will experience on a vast scale throughout their lives. The key to managing accidents and even preventing them is by placing a healthy amount of emphasis on safety. In addition, education, awareness, and preparation are necessary to mitigate accidents as well. Where safety and human error fail, planning and preparedness step in. However, this is where that aspect of mental preparedness becomes a factor for dealing with an accident emergency, simply because no one can be prepared all the time for every possibility. Nonetheless, if one were to live near a nuclear power or chemical plant then it is extremely important that they have a plan for what to do should there be an accident at one of those facilities. The same should go for preparing for any accident. 3.2.b Unexpected Event or circumstance: What does unexpected mean? It is a situation where no one foresaw, and in this case, it is the result of some kind of human error or mistake. This does no mean you cannot plan for them or even predict them, just that they are not an occurrence that happens in a manner that makes them easy to consider and plan for. This area can include everything from experiencing a lost Scout to the entire unit becoming lost to simply being behind your trek schedule. It is the unexpected and unknown that causes the most fear in people, making the effort to plan for such possibilities very important. As a result, those plans will end up shedding light on those unknown fears and make dealing with such circumstances far more manageable. 3.2.c Terror Attack: In general, this is a category of emergencies and contingencies that include all manner of disasters and dangers created by humans and humans alone. Albeit, people who choose to inflict death and destruction on others may use nature to enhance, cause, or facilitate their evil desires, too. Consider if a group of persons chose to destroy a key electrical power grid in the middle of winter for the northern part of the country or Canada. In a world where homes no longer have fireplaces or woodstoves, the loss of power will deny millions heat, the result is fear and human suffering due to the lack of heat. With respect to such a scenario, what do you plan for, the attack on the power grid or for you to have heat. As with any planning process, it depends. In most cases, you must rely on your electric company and government to protect and repair the grid, leaving you with the job of heating your home and family. However, terror attacks can be far more personal and direct. Before 911, most were educated to ride out an airline hijacking with the expectation that eventually it would end with rescue or the hijackers giving up. Now, that whole mindset has changed, many will consider fighting the terrorists for control of the aircraft because they know that if they do not, their fate is certain death. These situations will present you with some extremely tough decisions, and even more so when you are responsible for a group of youth who are depending on you for their safety. Having a plan or some idea about what to do under such circumstances can mean the difference in saving the lives of your unit and maybe even avoiding the danger completely.
6 3.3 Search and Rescue (SAR)8 While search and rescue is not an emergency in, of itself, and by any standard definition, the act of conducting a search and rescue operation is a contingency action. Almost always, SAR actions are in response to an emergency, and based on a set of in-place contingency plans. The basic idea and meaning of search and rescue in this guide is to describe the formal act by trained personnel to conduct a planned operation to find, aid, and recover persons in need of emergency assistance, usually in an area that is not easily accessible by modern means. While having a unit SAR plan is prudent, units must avoid conducting their own SAR actions for one of their own, as this could lead to other members becoming lost in the process. A trained Search and Rescue team, or a professional team, is far more suited to perform this task, as they have the equipment, experience, and familiarity with the area to ensure everyone can make it home unharmed. A unit should only consider conducting a search and or rescue under the most dire of circumstances, and then only if it is a matter of life or death or in the case of an extreme emergency.
“Good planning means living the experience in advance.” Sir Edmund Hillary, 1953 4.0 How Planning Will Help in Managing an Emergency or Contingency Would the average person attempt to assemble an aircraft engine with no instructions, then install it and fly the aircraft in to the air, not likely. Assuming that they could successfully assemble the engine and correctly install it, then get it started and airborne, there would still be those nagging questions of what things did they miss or did not do correctly that might eventually result in them suddenly falling out of the sky. There is really no difference between this analogy and the importance of planning in general, be it, just to go to the grocery store or to trek the Appalachian Trail. Planning helps to give you a set of instructions on how you can manage, deal, or react to a determined set of circumstances. The Boy Scout Fieldbook states, “The best way to stay safe in the outdoors is to avoid getting into trouble in the first place. That requires planning, training, leadership, good judgment, and accepting responsibility–in short risk management9.” This is what planning is really all about, an effort in managing your risk. Sure, you can always just head off for a camping trip with whatever you throw on you back and end up whichever way you went, but, will you have everything you need for the weather, do you know how to get home, and did you bring enough supplies. Planning is a tool you use to manage or possibly eliminate those concerns, variables, and the lack of requirements; it helps you manage your risk. In virtually everything we do, there is an element of risk involved, from walking across the street to taking a trip to Europe. This also means we can never truly eliminate risk, nor do we necessarily want to, because risk is what makes the great outdoors worth the thrill and exhilaration you can experience while out there. How we plan for those activities and the things that can possibly go wrong will determine how we manage those risks and therefore how successful our activities will be. There are limits to what a plan can ultimately do for a user, using our previous analogy of the aircraft engine, even if you have the instructions for building the engine, you still need to have some knowledge and understanding about engines and the tools needed to put one together. The same goes for executing a plan, those using the plan must still have some knowledge and expertise of the activities they will be involved in. Between that experience and knowledge plus
8 Boy Scouts of America (2004). Fieldbook: SAR (4th Ed.). Irving, TX: BSA 9 Boy Scouts of America (2004). Fieldbook: Managing Risk (4th Ed.). Irving, TX: BSA
7 the guidance from the plan or plans is what makes up the macro formula for a successful effort. Having a well thought out plan is certainly the ultimate for preparation, but what will really separate the good plans from a great set of plans is the addition of alternate and contingency plans. Just as if a plan will provide you instructions to guide you through your activity, a contingency plan is the answer or solution for when you loose the primary plan or suddenly discover that you are missing some key elements of the main plan. Using our previous analogy of the aircraft engine and its associated assembly instructions, we can see how contingency plans compliment the main plan or plans. A contingency plan is tantamount to having a backup set of instructions in case the originals are lost or they can be instructions for what to do if a particular part of the engine does not fit right or better still, what to do if the engine were not to start. Many of today’s instruction manuals have a set of contingency instructions in them near the back, called the trouble-shooting guide. Boiling it down, a contingency and emergency plan is nothing more than a trouble-shooting guide to help you work through a problem or to provide or determine the best plan of action to resolve a crisis or avoid a more serious situation.
5.0 Guide General Description This document, in its entirety, is a unit planner’s one-stop-shop for all things planning, from the explanations and history of Scouting’s preparedness to the details and background of the planning process. However, the centerpiece is Appendix A. Within this one appendix is the total package of planning forms/worksheets, templates, and process order. The information and capability contained within Appendix A will lead and guide a planner to lay out a comprehensive and detailed plan for almost any event or activity, which encompasses the primary plan and a whole host of contingency plans and emergency procedures. Part I, entitled General Planning Worksheets, is divided into seven sections, covering the entire spectrum that defines the Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How of a plan. The Part I details of general planning will be discussed in chapter 6, next. Part II, entitled Contingency Planning Worksheets, has three sections that guide a planner in developing contingency plans directly related to the primary plan in a complimentary fashion. The crown jewel of this guide is Part III, entitled the Quick Reference Guide or QRG, consisting of five sections that contain a series of easily referenced material written in a checklist form that makes them ready for rapid use in a crises or time critical situation. Specifically the QRG can be printed as a hand held checklist and guide in a compact enough size that permits leaders to carry it in the field for use in a moments notice and during a crises. Chapter 7 will cover Parts II and III for contingency and crisis action planning details. In addition to Appendix A, there are additional appendices that compliment ‘A’ with supporting details and information and others that contain definitions and documents. Specifically, Appendix B contains reference data and charts, consisting of conversion formulas and tables that provide specific details for current weather conditions and data source information on other phenomena, useful for decision making, safety, survival, and maintaining good weather SA. Appendix C contains youth permission forms, necessary to document parent/guardian participant permission, and just as importantly to obtain important personal information (i.e. special needs) and medical assistance permission. Appendix D is the acronym & abbreviation list, providing users with the plain language interpretation of what an acronym or abbreviation means, focusing on non-standard or unique items. Appendix E is the glossary, listing definitions and explanations for special or unique words and phrases.
8
“Plans are of little importance, but planning is essential” Winston Churchill 6.0 General Planning Explained From the beginning, it became apparent that it was important to have a set of general planning forms and a defined process to use in conjunction with the contingency and crisis planning parts of this guide; this was necessary to place all the parts in their proper context to each another. After all, you cannot by definition, have a “contingency” plan, unless you have a plan for it to be contingent against. In reality, as no basic plan is complete without some consideration to alternate and contingency plans, so is the same for contingency and emergency plans. They all go hand in hand to help make up one good complete set of plans. In addition, the collection of all aspects of the planning process within this one document helps to meet the objective of being a one-stop-shop for assistance in unit planning. In order to create a logical flow for the process and show the relationships to each of the planning types as well as the completed plans, Appendix A encompasses the entire set of planning forms, definitions, explanations, templates, and checklists. Therefore, we will refer to these areas, as necessary, to step through the process while both explaining it and the documents themselves. Appendix A, Part I, Sections A through G contains the “general planning” portion of this guide.
6.1 The Planning Process Planning is not difficult, as a process it is easy to perform and understand, actually, most of us do it, whether we realize it or not, on a routine bases. Consider when you go to the grocery store, if you bother to write down a list for what you intend to buy, then you are making a plan. If you put on that list, various ingredients that you ‘might’ need in preparing a meal, then you are also producing a contingency plan as well. Yes, even if you did not have to write any of it down, but just committed it to memory, you still performed the essential methods for planning. The process can be as straightforward or as sophisticated as you want it to be. Basically, it involves asking and answering a basic set of questions, the all familiar: Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. That makes the key to good planning all about how well you answer those questions. Ultimately it does not matter what order you tackle them in, some professional organizations and government agencies use standardized formats to ensure all plans are easy to read and can be understood by those using them. This last aspect is just as critical as having a plan; a plan must be executable and understandable, if the user of a plan cannot read it or understand it then it is a worthless plan. Leading to another important aspect of planning development, communicating it to those that it applies too, the only way a plan can be effective is for everyone involved in the plan to know and understand those areas as it applies to them. For example, if the cook does not know what time the meals are to be ready then he cannot accurately determine when to begin cooking to ensure he delivers the meals according to the plan, obviously and more importantly this applies to any contingency and emergency plans, too. By example, having an evacuation plan is of no use if those persons requiring evacuation do not know what the plan is or what they must do to evacuate. Lastly, the best way to ensure a plan is complete and workable and that everyone understands their part in it is to practice and rehearse it. By practicing the plan, it provides planners with the opportunity to demonstrate how well it works, and equally to identify problem areas that require improvements to ensure a smooth operation. In addition, it gives all
9 those responsible for executing the plan an opportunity to learn their parts, gain confidence in the plan, and become familiar with it – ‘familiarity breads success.’
6.2 Military & Business Examples Briefly, we will review some planning formats and outlines used by some other entities with extensive planning experience. The US military develops plans from the extremely detailed to the most general; covering a full spectrum of considerations from the care and feeding of the troops to the actions for combat operations that they expect to perform. For the military, they issue their plans in the form of an order to orchestrate the action. At the tactical level, they use a standard template for their order/plan; described as mission type orders. Mission type orders lay out what the mission of the plan is, not the how of it; the person receiving the orders will determine how to get the job done per what their superiors have directed. The outline format used to produce the plan consists of the following10: Mission- The mission is the commander’s expression of what the unit must accomplish and for what purpose (the why). Commander’s Intent- The commander’s intent describes the desired end state. It is a concise expression of the purpose (the why) of the operation and must be understood two echelons below the issuing commander. Estimates- The commander’s estimate helps commanders choose the best course of action (choosing how). The basic end result of the estimate is an accurate visualization of the current enemy and friendly (the who) situation, a visualization of the goal or mission, and a clear expression of alternatives (contingencies). Concept of Operations- The operational or tactical concept of operations describes how Army commanders visualize the major operation and battle unfolding. Based on the commander’s selected course of action to accomplish the mission, expressing what, where, and how the force will affect the enemy. Commanders answer these questions in sufficient detail for the staff and subordinate commanders to understand what they are to do and how they are to fight the battle. As you can see in this very basic, and simplified, overview of military planning fundamentals and mission type orders they clearly put importance on having a plan everyone can understand and covers the basic questions noted above. For the two questions not answered, the subordinate commanders are to decide the how and when for them to complete the objectives stipulated in their orders. It is fair to note that most commanders are not able to exercise complete freedom in when their actions will occur, as all too often they must synchronize their efforts with other units. This is no different for Scouting units, as they must schedule many of their events and activities in unison with district, council, and other agencies to utilize campsites, make travel arrangements, provide meals, deconflict with other activities, and many other actions requiring the coordination of timing to ensure a successful event. Another common planning template worth reviewing is that of the business plan. Taking a completely different approach from that of the military, a business plan focuses on those actions to start or maintain a successful business with emphasis on customer service, sales, and finance. In this case, it covers far more detail as compared to the military order just reviewed. For the sake of brevity, we will only evaluate plan parts one through four, which adequately covers the areas required for this document. Consisting of the following11:
10 Headquarters, Department of the Army (1993). FM 100-5 Operations. Washington DC: US Army 11 Pinson, L. (2009). Business Plan Outline. Business-plan. 2 Feb 2010, Business-plan.com: http://www.business- plan.com/outline.html
10 I. Cover Sheet: title page - Names, addresses, phone, etc. (Who) - Dates and year (When) II. Executive Summary (or Statement of Purpose) (Why) - This is the thesis statement and states the business plan objectives. Your Company (Who, What, Where, When). Who your management is and What their strengths are. What your objectives are and Why you will be successful. If you need a financing, why you need it, how much you need and how you intend to repay the loan or benefit the investor. III. Table of Contents IV. The Organizational Plan A. Summary Description of the Business (Why & How) B. Products or Services (What) C. Intellectual Property (What) D. Location (Where) E. Legal Structure (Who) F. Management (Who) G. Personnel (Who) H. Accounting (How & How Much) I. Insurance (What & How Much) J. Security (What, Who, & How) Again, no matter how you organize your plan you still need to answer those six simply stated questions to fulfill the elements required to make a thorough and comprehensive plan. Obviously, as you can see from the two examples above, it is not just an effort to answer those questions but that they need asking and then answered in the framework of what it is you are planning to do. In general, a business plan will not be useful for a Scouting unit conducting an outdoor type activity, while the essential elements are there; its focus and emphasis are not. However, both these examples do reinforce the importance of answering those questions as accurately and as methodically as possible.
6.3 The General Planning Guide The general planning forms listed in Appendix A of this document very much follow the Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How approach, to provide a complete and thorough plan oriented towards Scouting events and activities. Part I General Planning Worksheets: Section A: Activity/Event Description: Describes the Why and What for the occasion Section B: Rosters & Contact Information: This section covers all the Who and then some B1 Unit Leaders/Event Leadership: Who is in charge, on location B2 District Leaders & Council Professional Staff: Who is in support, off site B3 Activity/Event Staff: Who is supporting on location B4 Scouts: Who is attending, and receiving support, also important for accountability B5 Special Needs Roster: Who needs special support &/or has special requirements (i.e. diet) B6 Parent/Guardian Participants: Who is responsible and will be on location Section C: Schedules: describes all the When C1 Planning & Execution Dates: lists milestones and important dates
11 C2 Activities/Event Timing: lists milestones and important times C3 Activities/Event Schedule: defines the pacing for the event Section D: Location Information & Directions: tells you Where D1 Primary Location: Where the main site is to be D2 Alternate Location ‘A’: Where the first contingency site is to be D3 Alternate Location ‘B’: Where the second contingency site is to be D4 Area, Facility, &/or Route Maps & Diagrams: info for Where & How, and contingencies D5 Units’ Site/Area Location Assignments: information on Who & Where Section E: Weather: noted previously, crucial to plan How & for Contingencies E1 Forecasts: needed to decide When, Where, & How E2 Specific Weather Criteria: used to decide on When, Where, & Contingencies E3 Monitoring Conditions: used to decide When, Where, & Contingencies; maintains SA Section F: Logistics: lists the What & How to ensure what is required will be available F1 Health & Safety and Required Equipment: needed for What, How, & Safety F2 General/Miscellaneous Equipment & Gear: needed for What & How F3 Food Stuffs & Provisions: for Who & What F4 Menus: explains How & What and maybe Who Section G: Consolidated Planning Forms: possibly the most important section, tells How & What G1 Activity/Event Plan: describes the concept of operations and How it will happen G2 Trek/Float/Travel Plan: How, Where, & What, necessary for Contingencies
The general planning guide and associated worksheets are primarily an aid for units in their planning work, meaning, the guide does not necessarily cover every need or possibility and therefore planners may want to add additional forms and information or subtract and omit other areas to customize the plan specific to their needs. Unit leaders, or planners, should complete the worksheets in Part I by filling them out in the order they are in, as the order is somewhat dependant on the follow on items and areas i.e. you don’t know how much food to buy until you know how many participants will be attending. Based on what each subsection of the sheets are describing or asking for, planners will need to fill-in the blanks or provide the information for each of those areas, or answer the questions asked. While nearly every blank should be able to be filled in with some sort of information, it may not be essential to completely answer or fill-in every section or area, as it is largely dependant on the size and kind of event or activity being planned. By design, you can expand many of the sheets or duplicate them, as necessary, based on the needs of the planners and the size of the event or activity. If adding or expanding sheets, be sure to track them by using the numbering convention established in the guide at the bottom of the sheets, to ensure they remain organized in their proper order. If you do nothing else but merely answer the Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How for your plan, then at the very least you will develop a plan worth implementing.
“A good plan, violently executed now, is better than a perfect plan next week.” George S. Patton 7.0 Contingency Planning Explained Just like General Patton states in his quote above, so it is true for contingency, emergency, and crisis planning. Rarely, will you have all the information you desire or the details needed to build a contingency plan that can anticipate and cover all the possibilities as you expect them to be. Meaning, that in an emergency or crisis it is better to go with what you have then stand
12 around and wait for more data while the forest burns down around you. Scouting describes contingency planning as planning that “must identify possible emergencies and other circumstances that could force a change of plans.” Then “appropriate alternative plans must be developed for each12.” Appendix A, Part II, Sections A through C contains the “contingency planning” portion of this guide. While Part III, Sections A through E contain the “Quick Reference Guide” The whole idea of a contingency plan is not to provide you with the perfect set of instructions or list on how to manage the predicament you are facing but to provide you with a solid starting point from which you can make modifications and adjustments as you receive new information current to your particular situation. No two emergencies are ever a like, no two houses, even if identical in structure and design, will burn the same way; so true is it for developing contingency plans. You can anticipate loosing a Scout on a hike, but finding him may prove to be a herculean task. For starters, in the case of a lost Scout, why did he get lost, is he hurt, is he just disoriented, or did he run away. If he is just lost and disoriented is he following the rule to stop and sit down by a tree, if not what is he doing. As you can see, every circumstance and situation has an almost infinite amount of variables that make predicting and therefore developing a plan to guard against it nearly impossible to do.
7.1 The “What If” Factor in Contingency Planning Similar to the general planning process, in contingency planning you must ask and answer a series of “what if” type question for each anticipated situation under consideration13. However, as you might imagine, attempting to “anticipate” every possible situation can be a real trick to do, so can it be in answering a “what if” type of question. So, let us examine that a bit further in order to explain. Basically, it is not a terribly complicated system to work through, and it nearly means exactly as it sounds, the idea is for you to ask a situational based question with “what if” placed in front of it. For example, in the case of the lost Scout scenario, you would ask, “what if a Scout becomes separated from the unit during our hike,” from there you can establish the necessity for a contingency plan to cover this possibility if you decide that it is a real likelihood of happening. Thus demonstrating how the process of asking ‘what if’ type questions can spur the production of ideas that lead to preparing for those possibilities noted from each question asked. This also shows that at this point it is not crucial to have detailed answers to the questions. Rather, it is more important that you determine if these situations are real possibilities or not, and then consider what might be done to prepare for or mitigate them. Which means the ‘what if’ drill will only get you so far in the contingency planning process, as it only provides an idea and concept for what contingency plans you may require. It will be necessary to develop the areas for planning, that you determined need such a contingency or emergency plan. After identifying the situations that will need a supporting, alternate, and or contingency plan made for them, you then ask, and answer, those all too familiar six questions, discussed under general planning above, for each situation. In effect, this part of contingency planning is no different then general planning as described earlier. However, with one slight, but key, difference, a contingency/emergency plan is rarely a plan that stands on its own. This is to say that it would not exist otherwise if it were not already a part of an existing plan. Meaning that most contingency plans rely on key elements of the main plan they support to fulfill some of its own requirements. Consider the lost Scout scenario, while the basic contingency plan for
12 Boy Scouts of America (2008). Guide to Safe Scouting, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA 13 Boy Scouts of America (2004). Fieldbook (4th Ed.). Irving, TX: BSA
13 searching, finding, and recovering a lost individual is relatively the same for each circumstance the place, individuals, and environment can be dramatically different. This fact makes contingency planning both straightforward and difficult at the same time, as you have to design a plan that will cover almost any circumstance yet you do not have to plan where it will be, as the main plan will give you that information to include the possibility of charts and schematics, as they are available. Thus, the nom de jur ‘contingent’ plan.
7.2 The Contingency Planning Guide The contingency planning forms listed in Part II of Appendix A follow the same Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How approach as the general planning items in Part I. Providing a complete and thorough set of contingency plans related and connected to the general planning forms in Part I. In addition and as just discussed, the identified contingencies found in Part II are a result of “what if’ing” the most likely contingencies a BSA unit might encounter in almost any place on earth. Part II Contingency Planning Worksheets: Section A: Preliminary Actions: instructions for things to do prior to filling out the forms A1 Preplanning Items: what to do before planning A2 Pre-Event Actions: what to do before the activity or event Section B: Contingency Planning Forms: section primarily covers the 5Ws and 1H questions B1 Contingency Plans: a long set of interdependent forms for answering those six key questions B2 Trek/Float/Travel Contingency Plans: standardized form to file a movement plan; the Where B3 Trek & Travel Evacuation/Extraction Points: predetermined points to go to in an emergency B4 Recovery Plan & Forms: after the disaster you still have to recover, this helps do that Section C: High Adventure Contingency Considerations C1 Backcountry: suggestions for planning a backcountry trek C2 Climbing: suggestions for planning a climbing activity C3 Caving: suggestions for planning a caving activity C4 Canoeing, Kayaking, and Open Boating: suggestions for planning a boating activity C5 Open Water Afloat: suggestions for planning a deep-water activity C6 SCUBA & Snorkeling: suggestions for planning a diving activity C7 Foreign Travel: suggestions for planning foreign travel
The contingency planning part of this guide and its associated worksheets are primarily an aid for units in their planning efforts. The guide merely gives them a good foundation from where to work from, but does not necessarily cover every need or possibility and therefore planners may want to add additional forms and information or subtract and omit other areas to customize the plan specific to their needs. Unit leaders, or planners, should complete the worksheets in Part II by filling them out in the order they are in, as the order is somewhat dependant on the follow on items and areas, also, they are roughly in similar order to their sister forms in Part I. Based on what each subsection of the sheets are describing or asking for, planners will need to fill-in the blanks or provide the information for each of those areas, or answer the questions asked. While nearly every blank should be able to be filled in with some sort of information, it may not be essential to completely answer or fill-in every section or area, as it is largely dependant on the size and kind of event or activity being planned. By design, you are able to expand many of the sheets or replicate them, as needed, based on the needs of the planners and the size of the event or activity. If adding or expanding sheets, be sure to track them by using the numbering
14 convention established in the guide at the bottom of the sheets, to ensure they remain organized in their proper order.
7.3 Supporting Information & Detailed Descriptions for the Guide Specific to this guide, there are many names, descriptions, acronyms, and terms that are unique or different then what you may find in a more typical Boy Scout document, book, or manual. The actual name or term itself is not important, rather what they mean is. In addition, the limited line spacing in many cases made it necessary to utilize acronyms to ensure the communication of the primary point. In each case, where the use of a non-standard, unique, or significantly different name, term, acronym, or definition was used there is an accompanying Glossary, Appendix F, and an acronym decipher list in Appendix E which will assist a planner in learning the meaning of the item or items in question. Additionally, it is essential to explain with added detail descriptions for some terms used throughout the guide, like a “Safe Area” or an “Emergency Rendezvous Point (ERP),” to ensure the planners have the proper perspective, context, and understanding of what their meaning is. Home Base Leader or simply Home Base; a home base leader is just as it sounds, it is a responsible adult who will remain at home, or in some instances at an established base camp, whereby they can monitor, assist, and track the movement and status of the unit as it enjoys their activity. It is important to understand that this leader must not be collocated with the unit; otherwise, it defeats the entire purpose for having a Home Base Leader, because if something were to happen to the unit this particular leader becomes the link from the unit to the rescue authorities and the parents. The use of a back home leader is often an overlooked aspect in unit planning. Many leaders will assume away the fact that someone or many someones, may or will know where they are, what they are doing and when they are doing it. For the most part that might be true, however, the problem comes into play when things stop going as originally planned. Recently, in the southeast part of the country a Boy Scout Troop was on a weekend trek covering several miles over two days and two nights. The unit planned to be at their trail exit by Sunday and home by that evening. However, due to various circumstances they were unable to maintain their hiking schedule. Now, to their credit they had planned that if they were to fall behind on time, that they would simply remain on their planned routing (a very good idea), and encamp Sunday night, completing the hike out on Monday. Again, to their credit it was a solid safe plan, however, the devil is always in the details. It seems that no one back home really knew for sure what that plan was, and the unit leaders, in the field, were unable to inform anyone back home of their intentions. The consequence was a full-scale search and rescue operation, only to discover, after the fact, that the unit was indeed safe and only behind schedule. Hindsight always being 20/20, it was not such a bad thing that the SAR teams were called into look for them, because under the circumstances the unit could just as easily been in trouble too. The lessons learned here is one in collaboration, coordination, and communication. If there had been a single informed leader back home that was fully aware and informed of the plan then that leader could inform the parents and authorities, as necessary, on what the unit’s intentions should be. In the case of the example above, if the in field leaders could inform the “Home Base Leader” that they had fallen behind on their schedule and they had moved to their contingency plan of waiting until Monday, then the Home Base Leader could in-turn inform the parents of the change in plan and avoid a SAR effort. Conversely, if the in field leaders were unable to inform the Home Base Leader, and the SAR teams were called in, then the Home Base Leader becomes a wealth of information for the authorities to draw on. The search teams can immediately search
15 the areas the unit is supposed to be at, and in this case resolve the situation much more quickly. In either situation, having a designated leader back home can be supportive to the unit in the field and critical communication link to parents, council, and the authorities when necessary. Safe Area; a safe area is nothing more than a general term used to define any spot, location, or shelter that will afford some level of protection based on the threat at hand. For instance, if you camping in the wilderness and suddenly a severe storm approaches threatening the possibility of a tornado, it is obvious that there are no storm cellars or shelters within any reasonable distance of the encampment, therefore you will need a safe area for sheltering. For the tornado example, a safe area may simply be a low-lying area, depression, or creek bed where you can lie flat and receive some protection from flying debris. While that is obviously not as safe as a hardened underground shelter, it is likely to be the only option. This means that planners and leaders may have to determine those areas after arriving on site, also, it is important for leaders to include in maintaining their SA to be constantly on the look out for those areas as they move along in case the need should arise unexpectedly. Overall, there are two basic types of safe areas: 1) Hardened: basements/cellars, inner rooms of a building, designated fallout shelters, etc. 2) Soft/Open: ditches, low-lying areas, covered, pavilions, etc. Emergency Rendezvous Point or Emergency Rally Point (ERP); an ERP is a predetermined location, established by landmark, address, and/or geographical coordinates, with the objective that it can be easily seen, found, and identified. In considering point locations, you need to select areas/spots that have some certainty of remaining relatively unchanged after the area has had some significant force acting upon it, additionally; you need to factor in safety concerns, ensuring the location does not have the potential to become unsafe after a major force has affected it. Examples of good landmarks that would likely not change to dramatically would be the east side of the base of hill at coordinates xyz or a major road intersection or in a city the center of a park or square. Safety concerns would be things like being near high-rise buildings that can fall or have glass fall from them or areas where power lines can be fallen about or on or under bridges and highway overpasses. The primary purpose of the point is to establish a common easily recognizable position where everyone can meet at before, during, or after some kind of an emergency or catastrophic event. It will also serve as a point for all the participants to reassemble at in a situation where they are scattered about a large area such as a mall or a Jamboree site. Further, it is a point where an individual can go when separated from the unit, whereby the leaders can find them and reconnect them with the group. Ultimately, it is about planning for and maintaining accountability, as we all know that during a crisis there is panic, confusion, and disorienting situations that create the environment for separating unit members from the group. These points become virtual beacons for everyone to rendezvous or rally at and facilitate the unit leaders’ ability to collect and account for all their participants. Evac/Safe Routes & associated Rendezvous (RZ) Point; an Evac (read ‘evacuation’) safe route is as it says, a routing to follow for the purpose of evacuating an area and it is considered safe in doing so. An example of one is the use of a major highway; it affords the user a vast network of road systems with established service stations and other facilities and can usually handle large volumes of traffic. The safe routing aspect is a factor of the environment and location than the route itself, meaning, selecting a route that goes right by a nitro glycerin plant during or after an earthquake may not make for the safest route to anywhere. Additional safety factors would be avoiding bridges or coastlines as much as possible to reduce the possibility of being cutoff or experiencing a flooded washed out roadway. Lastly, when considering route
16 selection you should note other hazards with respect to your planned location. Places such as chemical or nuclear power plants along with what the prevailing winds are for the area, will guide you in choosing routes that can move you cross wind of these potentially hazardous locations thereby more rapidly moving you out of any possible dangerous plume clouds or fallout. The associated rendezvous points are very similar to the ERPs just mentioned, they are points along the planned Evac/Safe Routes that the group can meet up at to check on each others status or in case they become separated. If using motor vehicles it is best to select points where you can refuel and in the case of hiking select points with fresh water and or shelter. Evacuation/Extraction Points (Evac Pt); the use and concept of evacuation points is more for the unit that has planned a trek in a relatively rural area with a limited road system in or out of the region. These points are for offering the participants an escape point of sorts, in case the situation becomes dangerous, they are unable to proceed as planned, or in a worst-case scenario, they experience participants with injuries that require an immediate extraction. Therefore, these points can be anything from a large relatively flat clearing in the forest where a helicopter can land or a nearby jeep trail or roadway where a pickup is safely possible. Keep in mind these Evac Pts are primarily for emergency situations only, they are not intended to be arbitrary exit or end points. Lastly, they are preplanned points that SAR teams can check and monitor in case the unit becomes lost. Safety Heading; the idea of a safety heading serves two basic purposes, one is to build SA and the other is to establish a last ditch option for finding ones way out of the wilderness. By forcing the planners to review and consider what significant inhabited and traveled areas are in relation to their planned route and encampments, they build their SA about their environment and surroundings. The other being a last resort tool that an individual or group might use should they become lost and unable to remain in place due to some serious situation that will not permit them to do so. A safety heading should be as simple a compass direction as possible to facilitate easy remembering. The process for selecting a safety heading requires planners to thoroughly review their planned routing and camp areas to determine what major habited or traveled areas will be nearby and extensive enough that the selection of one heading will almost ensure the user will easily find those places. For example, in the case of a hiking excursion, if the trail is roughly following parallel to State Route ABC on the east side of the route then if a person were to pick up a compass heading of 270 degrees, or follow the setting sun, then eventually they will intersect State Route ABC. Unfortunately, there are no guarantees that this technique will ensure a rescue, as it is largely dependant on the lost person being able to determine their heading and that they are able to travel, nor does it factor in natural obstacles that may block their travels. It also does not guarantee that once they arrive at the road that it will be open for anyone to be driving it, however, it does give searchers somewhere to search and monitor if they are unable to find anyone along the planned route area. Again, a safety heading is just meant to be a tool for SA and to be used as a last resort, the best course of action when lost is still to stop and wait to be found, moving will only making rescue that much harder. SHELTER-in-PLACE; the concept of sheltering in place is born out of concern for many dangers that the average citizen is unable to realistically cope with on their own and would likely require them to have and know how to use specialized life support and protective equipment. Attempting to shelter-in-place with a large group of youth will truly be challenging all by itself, as the youth will be scared and restless and the leaders will be the only source for reassurance. The main problem with sheltering in place comes down to time. In the case of a chemical spill or attack, it will become essential that you attempt to seal the shelter off as completely as you are
17 able, in effect, you are buying time until rescue or the chemicals dissipate. Unfortunately, time is against you no matter what, until either the chemicals are able to seep in, before dissipating, or if you can seal off the shelter then there is limited time until the carbon dioxide becomes too high a level to support life. No matter what, there is a finite amount of time sheltering in place will provide you, and planners and leaders need to be conscious of this detail.
7.4 The Quick Reference Guide (QRG) As recognized in chapter 5, the QRG is the most significant of the three guides in this document, because it synthesizes all the information and data collected from Parts I and II. In addition, leaders have the ability to take it along with them in the field, because of its designed portability, checklist formatting, and crisis action planning guide, which allows them to carry crucial amounts of information that may prove vitally important to their ability to survive a contingency or crisis situation in the instance that it occurs. Just like the other two guides, the QRG is interdependent with the data from the general and contingency plans, both linking information for use with those plans as well as using information from them. The QRG is in Part III of Appendix A and has five Sections A through E, along with the crisis planning guide (found in Section D). PART III QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE (QRG): Section A: Environmental Factors & Natural Disasters: Refer to Ch 3 for details A1 Weather Cancelation Criteria: unit friendly guide for canceling due to weather A2 Tornados: A2 to A13 are contingency checklists, to prepare and react to the phenomena A3 Extreme Heat (Heat Wave) A4 Wildfires A5 Flooding A6 Mud & Landslides A7 Winter Storms & Blizzards A8 Ice Storms A9 Snow Avalanches A10 Coastal Hazards A11 Hurricanes A12 Earthquakes & Tsunamis A13 Volcanic Activity Section B: Human Factors & Manmade Disasters: Refer to Ch 3 for details B1 Individual(s) Lost, Separated, Stranded, or Missing: specific guidance for a lost person B2 Emergency Search Procedures: for use in life or death critical situation B3 Unit is Lost, Separated, or Stranded: specific guidance for the whole unit being lost B4 Participant Injury or Illness: guidance when someone is hurt B5 Vehicle Accidents: recommended procedures to follow in case of an accident B6 Disease - Epidemic or Pandemic: for use in a national medical/health emergency B7 Hazardous Material Incidents & Emergencies: guidance for reacting to a HAZMAT event B8 Nuclear Emergencies & Incidents: guidance for a nuclear related emergency B9 Terror Attack: guidance for dealing with a terror attack and its aftermath Section C: General Factors & Contingencies: areas having significant effects worth addressing C1 Unable to Maintain Trek/Travel Schedule: what to do if you can no longer be on time C2 Unable to Continue Travel: guidance for what to do if you can no longer move forward C3 Post Disaster Aid & Support Actions: suggested actions after the disaster concludes
18 Section D: Crisis Planning Guide: refer to 7.5 below D1 Purpose & Summary: brief explanation of the concept of the process D2 Crisis Planning Steps: the process steps Section E: Cancelation & Recovery: actions that culminate the event/activity E1 Cancelation & Alternate Plan Checklist: how to end or move to an alternate E2 Personnel Accountability & Recovery Checklist: the last important things to do NOTE: It is important to understand that many sections and checklists in the QRG are very dependent on data found in Appendix B, “Reference Data, Tables, & Charts” that are necessary for building SA and making decisions. ‘B’ contains conversion formulas, reference charts, informational tables, and data graphs useful in determining specific information as it relates to the areas in the QRG. While Appendix B itself is not required for QRG usage, it is the data and information there in that is; using similar source material/information is just as effective.
The Quick Reference Guide categorizes the multiple contingencies, emergencies, and crisis management information into five distinct areas based on their comparable similarities and then placed in a logical order according to the most likely to be used first and recovery actions as last. The major categories are basically the same as those noted in chapter 3, the first being disasters and contingencies due to environmental factors, then human factors, followed by general contingencies, the crisis planning guide, and cancelation & recovery procedures. More specifically, there are pearls of information found in various areas throughout the QRG. One of these is the checklist, labeled “Weather Cancelation Criteria,” as we know weather is the one environmental factor that tends to influence Scouting events the most, and not always in a positive manner. This checklist specifically speaks to units in providing them with definitive procedures for stepping through the decision making process toward determining whether to cancel or not based on weather activity. So often units have not even considered what they should, or must, do about canceling, so having this handy checklist available will significantly improve outdoor safety if the leaders at least choose to refer to the information provided, and even if they do not choose to follow it. In conjunction with the weather cancelation checklist, there is a customizable event/activity cancelation and alternate plan checklist that provides a logical process for use in ending an event and or moving it to an alternate location due to problems at the primary site. Additionally, there are checklists for a lost participant, an emergency search procedure guide, vehicle accident checklist, guide for what to do if you are not able to maintain your travel schedule, the crisis planning guide, and a recovery checklist. All items that a unit can use on an almost regular bases in one form or another and in almost any venue or circumstance from the standard weekly unit meetings to a major Scouting event. A guide, by definition, is nothing more than a suggestion or recommendation; it is a lighthouse on the rocks, guardrails on the road, it is there for the occasion when knowing exactly what to do and when to do it is unknown. In that respect, this guide is no different; if the unit leaders and participants are knowledgeable, trained, and prepared for the situations found in the QRG, then it may never be necessary for them to refer to it. Likewise, everyone has their own style and ways to handle an emergency, if that works better for them then what the QRG provides, then they should continue in that manner. Lastly, many of the emergencies and contingencies covered within the QRG may not always afford you the time to take out a checklist and flip it open for review. Meaning, that the time to review and become familiar with this information is now, while the earth is not moving and your hair is not on fire, maybe what you learn now will help better prepare you for when you do need the information and knowledge.
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7.5 Crisis Action Planning “Sooner or later comes a crisis in our affairs, and how we meet it determines our future happiness and success. Since the beginning of time, every form of life has been called upon to meet such crisis.” Robert Collier While many aspects of contingency planning seem like a natural extension of the general planning process, some crucial factors make it particularly difficult to work through. Many times during the construction of a plan to cover an identified situation it becomes painfully obvious that there are further consequences to the actions being planned that end up complicating the effort. For example, in developing a plan to manage a terrorist chemical attack, it may be necessary to shelter-in-place and therefore seal up that shelter to protect against the chemicals. However, if you are successful in sealing the structure then you now have to contend with a finite amount of air remaining, thus limiting the length of time one can remain sealed in shelter before you would expire due to a lack of oxygen. Which means when performing contingency planning one must consider and plan for the first, second, and third order of effects, and even more if need be, that may in fact be the result of the first part of the plan’s design. Realistically, at some point you have to determine a reasonable conclusion to the effort based on a lack of resources or purely out of the practical aspects of the whole situation. Yes, there are points where continued planning becomes futile and non-productive, remember General Patton’s quote. However, not all is lost, in those instances where you are not able to fully flesh out a detailed plan in advance or be unfortunate enough to be in a dire situation without a plan, there is a system one can use. When faced with an unexpected emergency, and no plan, it can guide you through a simplified planning process to help you problem solve for the situation, known as Crises Action Planning. In Appendix A, Part III, Section D, you will find the crises planning guide. It is important to remember that Part III, titled the Quick Reference Guide, is a stand- alone product, providing the user with portability of some useful information, to include Section D and the guide to crisis planning. Planers and leaders should clearly understand that the QRG and Section D’s crisis planning guide are not panaceas to managing and confronting every emergency or even for what may appear to be a simple emergency. The real deciding factor to ones ability to use the tools available to them during a crisis is time. While the QRG’s design is for use on the run, there just may be no substitute for ones inherent knowledge, skills, and abilities. At best, the QRG and crisis planning guide are memory joggers and reference items; meant to aid the user in focusing on the problem at hand and to aid them in methodically working through the situation in hopes to derive a successful solution. In crisis planning, the objective is to develop and decide on a Plan of Action (POA). When time is critical or during emergencies where a logical coordinated plan is required to resolve a serious problem or situation the guide provides users with a systematic rapid problem solving technique when more thorough planning is not possible or practical, and again it may not prove useful in every situation. The crisis action planning guide breaks the process down into six steps14. Step 1 Problem Definition: Recognize the problem, by observing the environment, personnel, and progress of the activity one builds their situational awareness and thus their ability to see and recognize the problems before them, once recognizing the problem, determine just what is wrong and why. Do not focus on any specific solutions, doing so may cause you to loose focus and prematurely fixate on one solution that may or may not be the best to use. The result of this step is to ensure
14 Department of Defense (2000). The Joint Staff Officer’s Guide 2000. Norfolk, VA: National Defense University
20 the problem is well defined and understood. Step 2 Asses Situation: Using your SA, seek council with other leaders and adults for their observations; focus on facts, assumptions, while necessary, can lead you down the wrong path. If possible, establish communications with the Home Base Leader to report situation and obtain another perspective. At this point in the process, determine if you need a fully laid out Plan of Action or that it is best to proceed in a direct and immediate fashion. Questions to ask: is there an immediate and obvious solution; will it get more dangerous if you continue to do nothing; is just reacting the best option? Step 3 POA Development: Attempt to develop at least three possible POAs, this forces you to consider all possible solutions, while not unnecessarily delaying the process. Draft a basic outline for each, in a prioritized order, with enough information to help decide which one presents the best possibilities for success and most importantly with the resources and capabilities, you have. Step 4 POA Selection: If possible, consult with leaders, authorities, and experts. Choose a POA that achieves the most desirable results in the safest manner possible. Questions to consider: which POA has the lowest risk; does safety outweigh added risk, or vice a versa; is it achievable, do supplies & capabilities exist; what are the priorities? Once you have decided on a Plan of Action, make every attempt to inform the Home Base Leader and authorities, as necessary, and include your expected timeline. Step 5 POA Execution Planning: Describe the Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How for the plan. This will help you focus and assist in communicating the plan to others. Assign tasks and ensure everyone is informed and understands the purpose of the plan, the priorities, and the necessary details of the plan for them to work together in carrying it through to conclusion. Step 6 Execute POA: Determine when to execute the plan, the When question is answered in this step. Base the decision on conditions, timing, environment, morale of the participants, and the need to coordinate with any other organization or entity. Leadership is the key to success here, keep everyone focused on their tasks. Once the plan is in full execution and proceeding in a manageable fashion, leaders must shift their concerns toward developing and coordinating a Recovery Plan, see Part II Section B for forms and templates to use. While crisis action planning can guide you to a fairly reasonable solution and a course of action in a relatively rapid timeframe, and in an easy succinct process, it will only work if you have the time to do it. There are going to be some situations and circumstances that will prevent the use of checklists, guides, and processes; also, there are situations and circumstances that just do not require a plan to determine the best course of action when confronting an emergency. For those time critical situations, you will only have training, commonsense, good judgment, and sound leadership to rely on in determining an immediate solution path for many problems and issues. In fact, many time constrained situations may only require the use of your training, commonsense, good judgment, and sound leadership to come to a successful conclusion. The wise and mature leader will distinguish the differences and instinctively know whether it is time to think, plan, or act. Colonel John Boyd, USAF, developed an interesting model, illustrated in the figure below, which demonstrates just how the process works for a person to step through their dealings with their environment, developing their SA, working their decision cycle, and then executing actions as a result and then begin the process all over again. It is widely known as the OODA loop, standing for Observe, Orient, Decide, Act. As the model reveals, each section in the process is dependant on the previous but at the same highly interactive and influenced with and by a person’s surroundings, and in many instances dependant as well. As earlier described in chapter 2, situational awareness is a key factor in recognizing when and if a person is facing a crisis or
21 emergency. The model shows why SA is important. Starting with Observe, a person must observe their environment, not be a part in it or of it but notice it, see it, and study it. During this section of the model, observations are coming from a person’s revealing circumstances, guidance & control (regulations & rules), external inputs, and direct input from one’s interaction with their environment. At this stage, they have information, but they may not yet understand it. In the orient phase, they take the information received from their observations and orient it based on their culture & traditions, genetics, their past, new information, previous experiences, and their analysis and synthesis of the information. It is at this point that they will have updated their SA, achieving as good and as comprehensive an understanding of their situation and environment as they are capable of producing. They are now ready to decide what their next actions will be. In the decision phase, they must make certain assumptions and develop their own hypothesis of what they think their actions will produce and gain by making them, a sort of mental chess match as their mind works through the information to make a decision. Once they have their decision, the result is an action. Enter the act part of the model, where it shows that as soon as those actions are taken they have an immediate effect on their situation and environment, in effect the process is forced to begin all over again as they update their SA, make new observations, reorient, decide, and choose to act. Along the way, they will work issue of trial and error, experiment with their new abilities, capabilities, and information, which in turn will improve their experience base, knowledge levels, and ability to reason; all areas that influence the orient part of the model, and ancillary demonstrates how a person’s learns and grows. OODA: Observe, Orient, Decide and Act15
Observe Orient Decide Act
Implicit Implicit Guidance Guidance & Control Cultural & Control Unfolding Traditions Circumstances
Feed Genetic Analysis & Heritage Synthesis Feed Feed Observations Decision Action (Hypothesis) Forward (Test) Outside Forward Forward Information
New Previous Unfolding Information Experiences Interaction Unfolding With Interaction Environment With Environment Feedback Feedback John Boyd’s OODA Loop
This process attempts to demonstrate how a person will recognize whether they are facing an emergency situation or not and how they will choose to react and act based on their awareness to the situation before them. The one element within this model that is deceivingly missing is the crucial element of time. Models tend to sweep away that facet as they painstakingly cover every minute detail of how a person might decide on ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, while in reality the human brain is more than capable of making those types of decisions at the rate of millions per second or even faster. When it comes to dealing with an emergency this can be a good thing
15 Boyd, J., Col, USAF, (1995). Organic Design for Command & Control (1st Ed). USAF. September 3, 2009, Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OODA_loop
22 too, as in most cases during at least the initial stages of an urgent situation the environment, external factors & forces, inputs from others, and internal issues such as emotions, fears, and possible injuries are all effecting and changing the situation on a second by second bases. Only a confident well informed individual will be able to deal with such an extremely dynamic and critical situation with any margin for success. In plan language, they call it keeping your wits about you and knowing what to do when it is time to do it. While obviously a bit over simplified, when it comes to dealing and managing a crisis, how well you are prepared both mentally and physical will be the best determining factor on how well you can successfully maneuver your way through it.
“Faced with crisis, the man of character falls back on himself. He imposes his own stamp of action, takes responsibility for it, makes it his own.” Charles de Gaulle 8.0 Summary: The Boy Scouts of America is one of the nations most recognized organizations for stepping up and volunteering to be their when the community calls. Be it a flood, tornado, hurricane, earthquake, house fire, a world war, or a deadly terrorist attack, somewhere in the dust and debris you will find a Scout uniform with a young man inside of it handing out water, removing the debris, serving meals, comforting the children, hammering nails, and even rendering 1st Aid. The Boy Scouts are noted for helping people and aiding communities and that history goes all the back to its very beginnings. Scouts come by it honestly, as their founder, Sir Baden Powell, made being prepared an organizational pillar for the movement, and history shows he was imminently qualified to know the importance of being so. The Boy Scout motto, succinctly and quite nicely communicates that culture and spirit: BE PREPARED! Although important, it is not just good enough to be prepared; it is also crucial that you know your surroundings and be mentally prepared too, when facing any emergency. Additionally, you will be unable to cope with an emergency if you cannot recognize one when you are facing it. The ways to ensure you do see and recognize a crisis is in maintaining a reasonably high level of situational awareness and be knowledgeable in what constitutes an emergency. Emergencies and contingencies come in all shapes and sizes, but generally, they make up two basic areas, those that occur due to environmental factors & forces and those caused by human actions. The environmental area includes everything from weather effects to a meteor shower and the devastation from earthquakes and volcanoes. Manmade catastrophes can literally be the result of anyone’s actions at anytime, for any reason, and by any means, and are subject to compounding elements due to the combining forces of nature and the influence of environmental actions. While we as mere mortal humans are relatively powerless to prevent or stop many of these tragedies from happening, we can plan and prepare for them. Planning helps by allowing us the opportunity to live the experience in advance without any of the consequences, to develop the necessary contingency plans needed to prepare for those potentialities. Parts I, II, and III of Appendix A, provide the tools for units to use in developing the plans to achieve that level of preparedness. General Planning’s success rests on merely answering the questions of Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How for your event or activity, by doing so, at the very least you will develop a plan worth implementing. However, no good plan is complete without the accompanying alternate plans and a comprehensive set of contingency plans. Deriving those contingency plans is by answering another important question first, “What If,” followed by those same six
23 questions for planning in general. The gem of this document is the Quick Reference Guide, made for field use, and the accompanying guide for conducting Crisis Action Planning. The QRG provides the leader a set of checklists, forms, and useful information for use during your activities, while allowing the leadership to be armed with details in an immediate user friendly format, and if all else fails they can follow the crisis planning guide to develop a new Plan of Action specifically tailored to their circumstance. No matter what, if any Scout or Scouter, just takes the time to do nothing more than read through this document and its associated guides and materials, they will be far more prepared to plan, manage, and react to just about any contingency, emergency, or crisis, than before they picked it up to read. Considering the research material and the guides and worksheets, the supporting materials and forms, with the associated reference listing, this document delivers the planner the one-stop-shop for a Scout unit to conduct planning from a to z, and then some.
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SHORTCUT CODE: to indicate references within this document P = Part I or II or III = Roman numeral indicates the major Part of the document X = Upper case letter identifies a Section within a Part X1 = Number added showing the numerical part of that section X1.x = Lower case letter identifies a Subsection within the section X1.x.1 = Number indicates a further breakdown of the Subsection Code will appear like this: PIII E2.a.1 Decodes to Part III, Section E 2nd part of Sec. E, Subsection a, Subpart 1
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
General & Contingency Planning Guide for BSA
Units©
______Unit & Number ______Council ______District ______Unit or Council Address ______Unit Leader ______Assistant Leader
A1 PART I INDEX PART I GENERAL PLANNING WORKSHEETS Page Section A: Activity/Event Description……………………..…………………………. 4 Section B: Rosters & Contact Information.….….….…...... 5 B1 UNIT LEADERS/EVENT LEADERSHIP.……….…...…..……….…….….. 5 B2 DISTRICT LEADERS & COUNCIL PROFESSIONAL STAFF………….... 5 B3 ACTIVITY/EVENT STAFF...….…….……..……….….….….….….…..….. 6 B4 SCOUTS………...…….……………………………………………………… 7 B5 SPECIAL NEEDS ROSTER………….…………...…..…..……..……..……. 9 B6 PARENT/GUARDIAN PARTICIPANTS………...…….……...... 10 Section C: Schedules….…….…..…………….……….…………….….…………….11 C1 PLANNING & EXECUTION DATES……….……….………….…….....…11 C2 ACTIVITIES/EVENT TIMING....…….……..…..….….…...... ….……...... 11 C3 ACTIVITIES/EVENT SCHEDULE……...…………………………….…… 12 Section D: Location Information & Directions…….………………….…………….. 13 D1 PRIMARY LOCATION…………….…………..………………...... 13 D2 ALTERNATE LOCATION ‘A’…………………………………………….. 14 D3 ALTERNATE LOCATION ‘B’…………...…………..……………………. 15 D4 AREA, FACILITY, &/or ROUTE MAPS & DIAGRAMS….….….…..…... 16 D5 UNITS’ SITE/AREA LOCATION ASSIGNMENTS………...………….…. 17 Section E: Weather……….………………………………………...... 18 E1 FORECASTS…………………………..……………………...... 18 E2 SPECIFIC WEATHER CRITERIA.….….….….….….….….….….……….. 20 E3 MONITORING CONDITIONS………………………...……………….…... 20 Section F: Logistics…….……………………………………………………………. 21 F1 HEALTH & SAFETY and REQUIRED EQUIPMENT…..……….….…...... 21 F2 GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT & GEAR………..…….….. 22 F3 FOOD STUFFS & PROVISIONS……………..……………………….….... 23 F4 MENUS………………………………………………………………….…... 24 Section G: Consolidated Planning Forms…………………...... 25 G1 ACTIVITY/EVENT PLAN……..……………………………...……….…... 25 G2 TREK/FLOAT/TRAVEL PLAN.…………………...………………….…… 32
PART II CONTINGENCY PLANNING WORKSHEETS Section A: Preliminary Actions………………..………...... 34 A1 PREPLANNING ITEMS.………………………………………...……….… 34 A2 PRE-EVENT ACTIONS……………………………...…………………….. 34 Section B: Contingency Planning Forms.….…..…....……….….……….….…....….. 35 B1 CONTINGENCY PLANS....….…….…...…………...... 36 B2 TREK/FLOAT/TRAVEL CONTINGENCY PLANS.……………………… 48 B3 TREK & TRAVEL EVACUATION/EXTRACTION POINTS……..….…... 50 B4 RECOVERY PLAN & FORMS.……..….….…………..……....……...... 51 Section C: High Adventure Contingency Considerations……..…………….…..…... 60 C1 BACKCOUNTRY..……………….……….………..….……….…….…….. 60 C2 CLIMBING…..…………….…………..………………………….….….….. 62
A2 PART I INDEX
C3 CAVING.…....….….….….…..….….….….….….….….….….….….….….. 64 C4 CANOEING, KAYAKING, AND OPEN BOATING.……..….….…..….… 66 C5 OPEN WATER AFLOAT..…...…..….…...………..….…..….….…..…...... 68 C6 SCUBA & SNORKELING..…..….….…..….…...... ….….....….….….…..... 70 C7 FOREIGN TRAVEL..….…………...…….….…..…..…..….……....………. 72
PART III (QRG) QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Section A: Environmental Factors & Natural Disasters…………….……………….. 76 A1 WEATHER CANCELATION CRITERIA…..……………………………... 76 A2 TORNADOS……..……………………………………………………….…. 78 A3 EXTREME HEAT (HEAT WAVE)………………………………..…….…. 79 A4 WILDFIRES……………………………………………………………….... 80 A5 FLOODING………………………………………………………………..... 82 A6 MUD & LANDSLIDES…………………………………………………….. 84 A7 WINTER STORMS & BLIZZARDS….……………………………………. 85 A8 ICE STORMS…………………………………………………………….…. 87 A9 SNOW AVALANCHES…………………………………………………….. 88 A10 COASTAL HAZARDS……….….….…..….….………………...………… 89 A11 HURRICANES……………………………………………………………... 91 A12 EARTHQUAKES & TSUNAMIS……...... 92 A13 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY………………………………………………….... 94 Section B: Human Factors & Manmade Disasters……………………….………….. 95 B1 INDIVIDUAL(S) LOST, SEPARATED, STRANDED, or MISSING……... 95 B2 EMERGENCY SEARCH PROCEDURES.….…..…….…..…….…..….….. 96 B3 UNIT IS LOST, SEPARATED, or STRANDED…………………………… 97 B4 PARTICIPANT INJURY or ILLNESS.….....…..…..…..……………..…..... 99 B5 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS…………………………………….….….….……. 100 B6 DISEASE - EPIDEMIC or PANDEMIC……….….….….….…….….…….. 101 B7 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INCIDENTS & EMERGENCIES…………… 103 B8 NUCLEAR EMERGENCIES & INCIDENTS.…..…....…...…...…...…..….. 106 B9 TERROR ATTACK..……………….…….….….….….….….….….…….… 109 Section C: General Factors & Contingencies………………………………….….…. 111 C1 UNABLE TO MAINTAIN TREK/TRAVEL SCHEDULE..……………...... 111 C2 UNABLE TO CONTINUE TRAVEL………………………………………. 112 C3 POST DISASTER AID & SUPPORT ACTIONS..…..…...….….….….…… 113 Section D: Crisis Planning Guide……….…………………………………………… 114 D1 PURPOSE & SUMMARY………………..……………………………….... 114 D2 CRISIS PLANNING STEPS………………..…………………...... 115 Section E: Cancelation & Recovery…………..……………………………………... 117 E1 CANCELATION & ALTERNATE PLAN CHECKLIST……...…………... 117 E2 PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY & RECOVERY CHECKLIST...... 118
A3 PART I GENERAL PLANNING WORKSHEETS
Section A: Activity/Event Description TITLE: ______Description: ______
A4 PART I Section B: Rosters & Contact Information B1 UNIT LEADERS/EVENT LEADERSHIP (All Leaders must be BSA registered) Name______Position/Duty______Cell Phone___ Home Phone_ Office Phone Present 1. ______Primary Leader ______Unit Leader/Project Lead with Primary Responsibility for this Activity/Event 2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______7. ______8. ______9. ______10. ______11. ______12. ______13. ______14. ______15. ______16. ______17. ______18. ______19. ______20. ______21. ______22. ______23. ______24. ______25. ______Account for Leaders in Actual attendance to the Activity/Event - Total Attendance: ____
* ______Home Base Leader ______*Designated Home Base Leader - Must be accessible throughout the time period, and not physically at the location of the activity, may be stationed at a “Base Camp;” must possess a copy of the unit’s entire plan and personnel rosters. **Identify all adults with special training who will assist in an emergency (i.e. EMT, Dr, etc.)
B2 DISTRICT LEADERS & COUNCIL PROFESSIONAL STAFF Name______Cell Phone______Home Phone_____ Office Phone____
______Unit Commissioner ______District Commissioner ______District Committee Chair ______District Executive (Professional) ______Field Director (Professional) ______Council Executive (Professional)
A5 PART I B3 ACTIVITY/EVENT STAFF Account for Actual attendance # Name______Position/Duty______Cell Phone___ Home Phone_ Office Phone Present __. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______Page ___ of ___ Total Attendance: ____ Disregard, if using single sheet → Grand Total Attendees: _____ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A6 PART I B4 SCOUTS (Replicate sheets as needed, based on # of units & youth): Account for Actual attendance Unit: ______Boy Scout Venture WEBELOS Cub Scout Leader: ______Charter Org: ______Permission & Council: ______District: ______Medical Forms/ Name______Age_ Phone______Special Needs*_ Parent/Guardian______Present 1. ______Yes * No ______/ Senior Patrol Leader, Captain, President, or Committee Chair (fill in as applicable) 2. ______Yes * No ______/ Assistant Senior Patrol Leader, Co/Vice Captain, Vice President, or Committee Vice Chair (fill in as applicable) Den/Patrol/Squad or other subunits: ______1. ______Yes * No ______/ Leader (Youth) 2. ______Yes * No ______/ Assistant (Youth) 3. ______Yes * No ______/ 4. ______Yes * No ______/ 5. ______Yes * No ______/ 6. ______Yes * No ______/ 7. ______Yes * No ______/ 8. ______Yes * No ______/ 9. ______Yes * No ______/ 10. ______Yes * No ______/ 11. ______Yes * No ______/ 12. ______Yes * No ______/ 13. ______Yes * No ______/ 14. ______Yes * No ______/ 15. ______Yes * No ______/ 16. ______Yes * No ______/ 17. ______Yes * No ______/ 18. ______Yes * No ______/ 19. ______Yes * No ______/
Den/Patrol/Squad or other subunits: ______1. ______Yes * No ______/ Leader (Youth) 2. ______Yes * No ______/ Assistant (Youth) 3. ______Yes * No ______/ 4. ______Yes * No ______/ 5. ______Yes * No ______/ 6. ______Yes * No ______/ 7. ______Yes * No ______/ 8. ______Yes * No ______/ 9. ______Yes * No ______/ 10. ______Yes * No ______/ 11. ______Yes * No ______/ 12. ______Yes * No ______/ 13. ______Yes * No ______/ 14. ______Yes * No ______/ 15. ______Yes * No ______/ 16. ______Yes * No ______/ 17. ______Yes * No ______/ 18. ______Yes * No ______/ 19. ______Yes * No ______/ 20. ______Yes * No ______/ *Special Needs information may be confidential; keep secure & accessible to leadership, Part I B5 for specifics
A7 PART I Page ___ of ___ Total Attendance: _____ Scout Roster - Continuation Sheet (For additional Dens, Patrols, & Squads etc. within a Unit) Unit: ______Boy Scout Venture WEBELOS Cub Scout Leader: ______Charter Org: ______Permission & Council: ______District: ______Medical Forms/ Name______Age_ Phone______Special Needs*_ Parent/Guardian______Present
Den/Patrol/Squad or other subunits: ______1. ______Yes * No ______/ Leader (Youth) 2. ______Yes * No ______/ Assistant (Youth) 3. ______Yes * No ______/ 4. ______Yes * No ______/ 5. ______Yes * No ______/ 6. ______Yes * No ______/ 7. ______Yes * No ______/ 8. ______Yes * No ______/ 9. ______Yes * No ______/ 10. ______Yes * No ______/ 11. ______Yes * No ______/ 12. ______Yes * No ______/ 13. ______Yes * No ______/ 14. ______Yes * No ______/ 15. ______Yes * No ______/ 16. ______Yes * No ______/ 17. ______Yes * No ______/ 18. ______Yes * No ______/ 19. ______Yes * No ______/ 20. ______Yes * No ______/
Den/Patrol/Squad or other subunits: ______1. ______Yes * No ______/ Leader (Youth) 2. ______Yes * No ______/ Assistant (Youth) 3. ______Yes * No ______/ 4. ______Yes * No ______/ 5. ______Yes * No ______/ 6. ______Yes * No ______/ 7. ______Yes * No ______/ 8. ______Yes * No ______/ 9. ______Yes * No ______/ 10. ______Yes * No ______/ 11. ______Yes * No ______/ 12. ______Yes * No ______/ 13. ______Yes * No ______/ 14. ______Yes * No ______/ 15. ______Yes * No ______/ 16. ______Yes * No ______/ 17. ______Yes * No ______/ 18. ______Yes * No ______/ 19. ______Yes * No ______/ 20. ______Yes * No ______/ *Special Needs information may be confidential; keep secure & accessible to leadership, Part I B5 for specifics
A8 PART I Page ___ of ___ Total Attendance: _____ (Replicate Sheet as needed) Grand Total Attendees: _____
A9 PART I CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION B5 SPECIAL NEEDS ROSTER Store in a secure accessible location # Name______Age_ Disability/Handicap/Dietary* Check if Meds Required __. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______. ______-Meds ______-Dosage & Sched ______-Rqmts: Pwr/Refridge/etc. ______*For Contingency purposes, note all disabilities & handicaps, even if no special actions/requirements are necessary Page ___ of ___ (Replicate sheet as needed) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A10 PART I B6 PARENT/GUARDIAN PARTICIPANTS LIST or ATTACH ROSTER of all parents planning to attend; Account for who Actually attends Identify, in advance, at least 2 Parents/Guardians in attendance who will assist in a contingency, as parent leaders # Name______Cell Phone_____ Home Phone___ Work Phone___ Present __. ______Primary Lead Parent/Guardian __. ______Alternate Lead Parent/Guardian __. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______Page ___ of ___ Total Attendance: ____ Disregard, if using single sheet → Grand Total Attendees: _____ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A11 PART I Section C: Schedules (Fill in only items that apply) C1 PLANNING & EXECUTION DATES Initial Planning Meeting; Date, Place, & Time: ______, ______, ______(AM/PM) Date(s) of Activity/Event: ______Primary Location: ______Make Reservations by ______Confirmation #: ______
Alternate Location ‘A’: ______Make Reservations by ______Confirmation #: ______Alternate Location ‘B’: ______Make Reservations by ______Confirmation #: ______
Apply for Permit(s) by: ______Receive Permit(s) by: ______Mid-Term Planning Meeting; Date, Place, & Time: ______, ______, ______(AM/PM) Inform Parents by: ______Receive Permission Forms by: ______Complete Leader Training by: ______(i.e. OWL, BALOO, Trek Safely, etc.)16 Complete Scout Training & Prerequisite Items by: ______(i.e. NYLT, Swim test, etc.) Final Planning Meeting; Date, Place, & Time: ______, ______, ______(AM/PM) Submit Tour Permit by: ______(as applicable) NOTE: Local Tour Permits must be Submitted No Later Than (NLT) 2 Weeks prior to the Activity or Event17 National Tour Permits must be submitted NLT 1 Month prior to the Activity or Event, as it applies18 Rehearse Contingency Plans on: ______at: ______Follow-Up Actions Completed by: ______(i.e. equipment cleanup, reports, etc.)
C2 ACTIVITIES/EVENT TIMING → Date(s) of Activity/Event: ______Departure/Assembly Time: ______(AM/PM) Arrival/Start Time: ______(AM/PM) (For large scale events see/use Part I C3) st 1 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) nd 2 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) rd 3 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) th 4 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) th 5 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) th 6 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) th 7 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) th 8 Event/Activity ______: ______(AM/PM) Completion Time: ______(AM/PM) Return/End Time: ______(AM/PM)
Participant(s) not accounted for within 30 minutes of the “Return/Ending Time;” initiate actions per the missing/unaccounted for person(s) Part III B1 or 3 Checklist
16 Boy Scouts of America (2008). Local Tour Permit (Rev 12/07). BSA. August 12, 2009, BSA: http://www.cvcboyscouts.org/forms/GENERAL/34426_Tour%20Permit%20App_08%20Printing.pdf 17 “ “ “ “ “ “ 18 Boy Scouts of America (2007). National Tour Permit (4419C). BSA. August 12, 2009. BSA: http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/Media/forms.aspx
A12 PART I C3 ACTIVITIES/EVENT SCHEDULE (Fill in Dates & Times that apply) (Replicate Sheet as needed)
Date: ______Arrival: ______(AM/PM) Unload: ______(AM/PM) Set up: ______(AM/PM) Start: ______(AM/PM) -Start daily schedule below based on start time and planned activities
-Repeat daily schedule as needed based on # of days planned Date: ______Reveille: ______(AM) Meal Prep: ______(AM) (if necessary, time varies) Flag Raising: _____(AM) (15 min) Breakfast: ______(AM) (30 min - 1hr) Clean up: ______(AM) (30 min) st 1 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) nd 2 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) rd 3 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) Meal Prep: _____(AM/PM) (if necessary, time varies) Lunch: ______(AM/PM) (30 min - 1hr) Clean up: ______(AM/PM) (30 min) th 4 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) th 5 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) th 6 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) Meal Prep: ______(PM) (if necessary, time varies) Flag Retreat: _____(PM) (15 min) Dinner: ______(PM) (30 min - 1hr) Clean up: ______(PM) (30 min) th 7 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) th 8 Activity at: ______: ______(AM/PM) Meal Prep: ______(PM) (if necessary, time varies) Cracker Barrel: ____(PM) (30 min - 1hr) Clean up: ______(PM) (30 min) Taps: ______(PM)
-Exit daily schedule based on end time Date: ______End: ______(AM/PM) Tear Down: _____(AM/PM) Load: ______(AM/PM) Depart: ______(AM/PM)
Page ___ of ___ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A13 PART I Section D: Location Information & Directions (Fill in as required; provide sufficient detail to aid planning) D1 PRIMARY LOCATION D1.a Address: ______(Name; i.e. Park, Church, etc.) ______(Street, Building, Suite, Office) ______(City, State, Zip) ______(County, Country) ______(____)______(____)______(Responsible Agency or POC) D1.b Designated Assembly Area or Normal Meeting Location Address: ______(Name; i.e. Park, Church, etc.) ______(Street, Building, Suite, Office) ______(City, State, Zip) ______(County, Country) D1.c Coordinates: Location ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Start Point ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 1 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 2 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 3 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 4 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 5 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 6 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) End Point ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E)
D1.d Directions from Designated Assembly Area or Normal Meeting Location: ______D1.e Terrain/Area Description: ______D1.f Area Emergency & Medical Services (911) Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
A14 PART I D2 ALTERNATE LOCATION ‘A’ (Delete if not used) D2.a Address: ______(Name; i.e. Park, Church, etc.) ______(Street, Building, Suite, Office) ______(City, State, Zip) ______(County, Country) ______(____)______(____)______(Responsible Agency or POC) D2.b Designated Assembly Area or Normal Meeting Location Address: ______(Name; i.e. Park, Church, etc.) ______(Street, Building, Suite, Office) ______(City, State, Zip) ______(County, Country) D2.c Coordinates: Location ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Start Point ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 1 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 2 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 3 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 4 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 5 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 6 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) End Point ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E)
D2.d Directions from Designated Assembly Area or Normal Meeting Location: ______D2.e Terrain/Area Description: ______D2.f Area Emergency & Medical Services (911) Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
A15 PART I D3 ALTERNATE LOCATION ‘B’ (Delete if not used) D3.a Address: ______(Name; i.e. Park, Church, etc.) ______(Street, Building, Suite, Office) ______(City, State, Zip) ______(County, Country) ______(____)______(____)______(Responsible Agency or POC) D3.b Designated Assembly Area or Normal Meeting Location Address: ______(Name; i.e. Park, Church, etc.) ______(Street, Building, Suite, Office) ______(City, State, Zip) ______(County, Country) D3.c Coordinates: Location ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Start Point ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 1 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 2 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 3 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 4 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 5 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Way Point 6 ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) End Point ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E)
D3.d Directions from Designated Assembly Area or Normal Meeting Location: ______D3.e Terrain/Area Description: ______D3.f Area Emergency & Medical Services (911) Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
A16 PART I D4 AREA, FACILITY, &/or ROUTE MAPS & DIAGRAMS (Draw &/or Attach Copies)
A17 PART I D5 UNITS’ SITE/AREA LOCATION ASSIGNMENTS 1. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 2. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 3. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 4. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 5. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 6. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 7. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 8. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 9. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 10. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 11. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 12. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 13. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 14. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) 15. Unit: ______# of Dens/Patrols/Squads: ___ Total # Persons: ____ Site/Area (Name &/or #): ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Page ___ of ___ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A18 PART I Section E: Weather E1 FORECASTS E1.a Historical - Long-range Forecast (Include Marine forecast, as required) Averages for the Period (i.e. Temps, Prevailing Winds, Precip Amount, Seasonal Hazards, etc.): ______Seasonal Averages & Information DATES: ______Hi Temp: ______Lo Temp: ______Prevail Wnd: ______Precip Amt: ______Wtr Temp: ______Sunrise: ______Sunset: ______Moon Phaz: ______Moonrise: ______Moonset: ______Tidal Data May Need Updating Hi Tide: ______Lo Tide: ______
SEASONAL HAZARDS: Thunder Storms ______Tornados ______Flash Flooding ______Flooding ______High Heat Index ______High Winds ______Fire Danger ______Smog ______Winter Storms ______Avalanche Hazards ______Tropical Storms ______Hurricanes ______
30 Day Forecast: ______
10 Day Forecast: ______
A19 PART I E1.b Short Range Forecasts (Include Marine forecast, if required) 5 Day Forecast: ______24 Hour Forecast (Record Forecast for Entire Period): ______DATES: ______Hi Temp: ______Lo Temp: ______Dew Pt: ______Heat Index: ______Wind Chill: ______Winds: ______Humidity: ______% Precip: ______UV Index: ______Visibility: ______Wtr Temp: ______Sea State: ______Update Tidal Data (as required) Hi Tide: ______Lo Tide: ______Severe Weather Forecasted? YES NO (if YES, reference Part III Section A) Watch Warning Special Remarks Thunder Storms: ______Tornados: ______Flash Flooding: ______Flooding: ______Tidal Flooding: ______High Heat Index: ______High Winds: ______Fire Danger: ______Smoke or Haze: ______Smog: ______Freeze: ______Winter Storm: ______Freezing Precip: ______Avalanche Hazard: ______Tropical Storm: ______Surf Hazard: ______Hurricane: ______Volcanic Activity: ______Comments: ______
A20 PART I E2 SPECIFIC WEATHER CRITERIA: ______(Fill in items, as applicable, leave blank if N/A) Air Temp: Min _____°F/°C Max _____°F/°C Wind Chill Temp: Min _____°F/°C (Appendix B) Heat Index: Max _____°F/°C (Appendix B) Sustained Winds: Min _____mph/kts Max _____mph/kts Wind Gust: Max _____mph/kts Visibility: Min _____nm/sm Water Temp: Min _____°F/°C Sea State: Max _____ft Surf Conditions Max Acceptable: ______Water Depth: Min _____ft Max _____ft Whitewater/River Rapids Class Rating: Max _____ (Class I to VI; ratings can change for various reasons) Snow Depth: Min _____inch/ft Max _____inch/ft
E3 MONITORING CONDITIONS prior to the event, monitor for muddy roads/fields, high water, downed trees, fire danger, sea state, etc; if necessary alter plan accordingly Record Pre-Event Weather Impacts: Impacts? YES NO ______- Roads Usable & Passable: YES NO - Area and Routes Clear of Flooding: YES NO - No Fire Danger: YES NO - Field(s)/Site(s) Conditions are Acceptable for Planned use: YES NO - Water Levels Acceptable: YES NO - Surf and/or Sea State Acceptable: YES NO - Area Safe for a Scouting Event19: YES NO - Electricity Available: YES NO (if not required, then N/A) - Potable Water Available: YES NO (if not required, then N/A) - Sanitation Facilities Available & Operable: YES NO (if not required, then N/A) Impact Concerns Specific for the Activity/Event - ______: YES NO - ______: YES NO - ______: YES NO - ______: YES NO Any items marked “NO” potentially mean replanning is required, a move to an alternate site/area, or cancelation
See Part III A & E1 for more WX Information & Cancelation Actions
19 Boy Scouts of America (2007). Guide to Safe Scouting, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
A21 PART I Section F: Logistics F1 HEALTH & SAFETY and REQUIRED EQUIPMENT # Name/Description # Req. Available or Purchase Cost $ Owner (Unit, Borrow, Rent) ______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______-Total Items/page ______-Total # of Items/pg $______- Cost/page Page ___ of ___ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A22 PART I F2 GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT & GEAR # Name/Description # Req. Available or Purchase Cost $ Owner (Unit, Borrow, Rent) ______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______-Total Items/page ______-Total # of Items/pg $______- Cost/page Page ___ of ___ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A23 PART I F3 FOOD STUFFS & PROVISIONS # Name/Description # Req. Available or Purchase Cost $ Owner (Unit, Borrow, Rent) ______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______Available Purchase $______-Total Items/page ______-Total # of Items/pg $______- Cost/page ____-Grand Total ______-Grand Total $______-Grand Total Page ___ of ___ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A24 PART I F4 MENUS (as applicable) Planned # of Persons per Meal: ______
Day: ______Day: ______Breakfast Breakfast Meal: ______Meal: ______Beverage: ______Beverage: ______Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ___ Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ______
Lunch Lunch Meal: ______Meal: ______Beverage: ______Beverage: ______Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ___ Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ______
Dinner Dinner Meal: ______Meal: ______Beverage: ______Beverage: ______Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ___ Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ______
Cracker Barrel Cracker Barrel ______Beverage: ______Beverage: ______Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ___ Condiments: Salt Pepper Ketchup Mustard ______
Special Dietary Requirements Special Dietary Requirements Breakfast: ______Breakfast: ______Lunch: ______Lunch: ______Dinner: ______Dinner: ______Page ___ of ___ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A25 PART I Section G: Consolidated Planning Forms G1 ACTIVITY/EVENT PLAN: G1.a Purpose: ______G1.b Objective(s): 1)______2)______3)______4)______5)______6)______7)______8)______G1.c Concept of Operation: ______Page 1 of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
A26 PART I G1.c Cont. ______Attach Annex E TREK/FLOAT/TRAVEL PLAN (Part I G2 & Part II B2 & 3); as applicable G1.d Entertainment: ______G1.e Closing/Wrap-Up: ______Page ___ of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
A27 PART I G1.f Clean up: ______G1.g Transportation: ______G1.h Health & Safety Requirements20: ______Medical Requirements & Restrictions ______Onsite Potable Water: Yes No , Source ______- If Natural/Spring fed, is it tested: Yes No , Testing Frequency ______- Recent Test Results & Date ______- Requirement for additional Potable Water ______Onsite Sanitation Facilities: Yes No , # ______, Type ______- Frequency Cleaned/Serviced, Date last done ______- Requirement for additional Sanitation Capabilities ______See Annex A LOGISTICS (Part I F1) Page ___ of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
20 Boy Scouts of America (2005). Health & Safety Guide, 34415D (1983). Irving TX: BSA
A28 PART I G1.i Logistics (Ref Part II B1.j): ______Attach Annex A LOGISTICS (Part I F) G1.j Support from Others (Entertainment, Food Svc, etc.): ______G1.k Emergency Services (Ref Part II B1.i): ______Attach Annex B EMERGENCY SERVICES (Part I D1.f, 2.f, & 3.f and Part II B1.i) Page ___ of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
A29 PART I G1.l Contingencies: ______Attach Annex C CONTINGENCIES (Part II B1; as applicable, B2, 3, & 4 and the QRG) G1.m Responsibilities: ______Page ___ of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
A30 PART I G1.n Leadership & Communications: ______Attach Annex D LEADERSHIP (Part I B1 & 2) Communications Plan ______Press/Media Communications Plan; the Council Executive is the primary spokesperson for the BSA for all matters that involve the news media. This plan is to prepare, manage, and deal with the press during an activity or event. Good media coverage is a good thing. - Ensure the Council Executive is informed, in advance, that media is invited to cover this event - Do not conduct or hold a press conference without the Council Executive’s express permission - Do not provide a youth’s name & age, or personal data on participants without proper permission - Only provide names if you have consent in advance; otherwise refer to them by their positions - Maintain a positive posture and an upbeat attitude, you are representing the BSA - Obtain parental permission, in advance, prior to a youth’s interview, or have their parent present - Defer all potential negative or damaging type questions to the Council Executive - Only state the facts as you know them, accentuate the virtues and positive elements of the BSA - Defer questions to the Council Executive when you do not have an accurate truthful answer - Establish an area for press use, if able, with communications, power, water, & shelter - Prepare fact sheets for the press; stating the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the event Page ___ of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
A31 PART I BSA Unit(s) ______Charter Org ______Council ______City/Town/County/Region From ______Number of Leaders/Adults _____; ages ______(only provide ages if asked) Total number Involved ______; age range ______Brief Description of what, when, & where of the event ______Brief overview of activity’s purpose and why ______
ATTACH ANNEXES to PLAN: Annex A: LOGISTICS (Part I F) Annex B: EMERGENCY SERVICES (Part I D1.f, 2.f, & 3.f and reference Part II B1.i) Annex C: CONTINGENCIES (Part II B1; as applicable B2, 3, & 4 and the QRG) Annex D: LEADERSHIP (Part I B1 & 2) Annex E: TREK/FLOAT/TRAVEL PLAN (Part I G2 & Part II B2 & 3); include as applicable Page ___ of ___ (Expand Sheet as needed)
A32 PART I G2 TREK/FLOAT/TRAVEL PLAN: Leader: ______Contact #:(___)______BSA Unit: ______Travel Mode: Foot/Bike/Boat/Vehicle or ______# In Group: ____ Depart From: ______Date/Time: ______/_____(AM/PM) Start Pt ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt __: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt __: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt __: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt __: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt __: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt __: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Destination: ______Date/Time: ______/_____(AM/PM) End ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Remarks: ______Annex E to Part I G1; Include copies of Trek/Float/Travel Contingency Plans: Part II B2 & 3 (For continuation, replicate sheet)
A33 PART II
CONTINGENCY PLANNING WORKSHEETS
PART II
Part II: Guidelines & worksheets to develop ‘Contingency Plans’ as part of a unit’s general activity/event plan
A33 PART II CONTINGENCY PLANNING WORKSHEETS These worksheets, checklists, and guides do not, and will not, cover every possible emergency or contingency. They attempt to provide a very good basis for units to use in planning for possible unplanned circumstances; in an attempt to help them meet those challenges should conditions change for the worse or become threatening to life and property. If users at least review these documents and consider possible solutions for such events, they will be better prepared if the situation should arise. The use of these documents is an insurance policy for what might happen, and it is a tool to communicate specific plans to the participants and leadership; as well as the authorities should it become necessary.
Section A: Preliminary Actions A1 PREPLANNING ITEMS: Necessary for developing comprehensive contingency plans 1) Identify & determine exactly who and what you are responsible for (Part I B & F) 2) Anticipate who and what you may be additionally responsible for in an emergency Estimate # of additional persons ______Annotate any ‘any additional equipment needed in Part II B1.j Logistics 3) Inspect areas and/or structures to ensure they are safe for use21 (Part I D) 4) Obtain or create maps and/or diagrams of planned areas and structures (Part I D4) 5) Ensure Health & Safety requirements are being met or resolved (Part I F1 & G1) 6) Determine type and amount of required safety & emergency equipment (Part I F1) 7) Procure required safety & emergency equipment not available or on hand (Part I F1) 8) Identify & obtain addresses & phone numbers of nearby emergency facilities (Part I D) 9) Obtain phone numbers of agency responsible for event area (Part I D & Part III E1) 10) Revise general plans based on limitations, shortfalls, and/or safety concerns (Part I)
A2 PRE-EVENT ACTIONS: Accomplish prior to each overall Event, as applicable 1) Identify two Emergency Rendezvous Points (ERP) for all to meet at 2) For remote areas, establish a heading that leads to a prominent road or populated area 3) Develop Contingency and Recovery Plans (Part II B4) 4) Provide copies of all plans to primary leadership 5) Communicate key elements of all plans to participants, by appropriate means 6) Train leaders on use and how to instruct the use of safety & emergency gear 7) Instruct participants on use of safety & emergency gear, as necessary 8) File appropriate BSA Tour Permit prior to applicable deadline (i.e. local or national) 9) File Trek/Float/Travel plans with responsible agency (Part I D & G2 & Part II B2) 10) Ensure ‘Home Base Leader’ has copies of all plans (Parts I, II, & III) 11) Inspect and pack Unit Disaster Supply Kit (Part II B1) 12) Direct and use the Buddy System,22 for all participants (ref Part I B) 13) Rehearse and/or review contingency plans Date/Time: ______/_____(AM/PM) Location: ______14) Monitor environment & conditions as it applies to the planned activity (Part I E2 & 3) 15) Remain informed of current events, news, and local area information 16) Fill-in known data in checklists & forms; especially Part III (i.e. criteria, ph #s, Safe Areas, etc.)
21 Boy Scouts of America (2005). Health & Safety Guide, 34415D (1983). Irving TX: BSA 22 Boy Scouts of America (2007). Guide to Safe Scouting: Sweet 16 of BSA Safety, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
A34 PART II Section B: Contingency Planning Forms B1 CONTINGENCY PLANS: Annex C to Activity/Event Plan (Part I G1) B1.a Risks & Dangers for Activity/Event (Ref Part I D & E): ______Structures - ______Terrain -______WX - ______HAZMAT: Storage, Chemical & Nuclear Power Plants, and other Potentially Dangerous Facilities & Locations; at a minimum, research an area within a 50 mile radius of your planned location - (Plot & note all locations on a map, See Part I D4) - ______B1.b Coordinating Actions (Ref Part II B2 & 3): ______Page 1 of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A35 PART II Warning Notification System &/or Process ______
Emergency Rendezvous Points (ERP) - Place apart to avoid collateral damage, when possible collocate with Safe Areas/shelters - Identify using easy landmarks &/or address instructions (i.e. prominent building or intersection) ERP 1: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) ERP 2: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E)
General Safe Areas &/or Established Emergency Shelters (i.e. Red Cross, Fallout, Gov’t, etc.) - Situational & environmentally dependant: see Sub-Plans for specifically suited areas Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______Area 4: ______
Safety Heading - For remote activities and areas, leads to a well traveled road, trail, or population area Heading: East/West/North/South ______at ______degrees Leading to: ______
B1.c Contingency Plan(s) (Ref Part II B2): ______
A36 PART II Continued ______Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A37 PART II B1.d Cancelation Criteria & Plan (Ref Part I E & Part III A1 & E1): ______B1.e Alternate Plans (Ref Part I D2 & 3, Part II B2, Part III E1): ______Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A38 PART II B1.f Evacuation Plan (Attach Diagrams, Charts, & Maps, as needed) (Part I D4 – Part II B2): ______From buildings & structures (Note emergency exits & escape routes) - ______From site area/region - ______Evac/Safe Routes & associated Rendezvous (RZ) Point - Select routing in various directions that permit quick travel from the planned area(s) Route 1: ______RZ Pt: ______Route 2: ______RZ Pt: ______Route 3: ______RZ Pt: ______Route 4: ______RZ Pt: ______Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A39 PART II B1.g Alternate Transportation (Ref Part I G & Part II B2): ______- If using multiple POVs plan for seating, with safety belts, to handle the loss of a vehicle B1.h Health & Safety Contingency Factors (Ref Part I G): ______Medical Requirements & Restrictions ______Sanitation ______Potable Water ______Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A40 PART II B1.i Emergency Services: ______
Park & Forrest Service Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______Distance from site/activity: ______miles ______miles Fire & Police Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______Distance from site/activity: ______miles ______miles Emergency Medical Services & Facilities #1 Name ______#2 ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______Distance from site/activity: ______miles ______miles
#3 Name ______#4 ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______Distance from site/activity: ______miles ______miles
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A41 PART II B1.j Logistics (Ref Part I F): ______Minimum Basic Group Vehicle Equipment (Adjust for Regional & Seasonal Requirements) NUMBER NUMBER Fire Extinguisher (1/vehicle) _____ Hammer _____ Signal Flares (3/vehicle) _____ Screw Drivers _____ Auto-glass Window Breaker (1/vehicle) _____ Pliers _____ Jumper Cables (at least 1 set) _____ Wrench _____ Tow Strap or Cable (at least 1) _____ 50’-100’ Rope _____ Traction Material (sand, mat, gravel, etc.) _____ Shovel _____ Tire Chains/Cables (1 set/vehicle) _____ Plastic Bags _____ Cell Phone/Radio Communication Device _____ Matches/Lighter _____ Flashlights w/extra batteries _____ First Aid Kit _____ WX Radio w/extra batteries _____ Duct Tape _____ Blankets or Spare Sleeping Bags _____ Electrical Tape _____
Minimum Individual Equipment (Adjust for Regional & Seasonal Requirements) Flashlight w/extra batteries _____ Pocket Knife _____ 20-32 oz Container of Water _____ Whistle _____ First Aid Kit _____ Food (Recommended Items) *Minimum 3-day supply of non-perishable food, requiring no refrigeration, preparation and little to no water Dry Cereal Canned or dry Fruits Ready-to-Eat Canned Meats Ready-to-Eat Soups (not concentrated) Peanut Butter Canned Vegetables Canned Juice Quick Energy Snacks, Graham Crackers Clothing and Bedding (Recommended; Seasonally Appropriate) Sunglasses Hat Thermal Underwear Blanket or Sleeping Bag Work Gloves Rain gear Gloves Sturdy Shoes or Boots Complete change of Clothing & Footwear Medical & Personal Necessities (30-90 day supply), Tailor to Individual Requirements Prescription Drugs Contact Lenses and Supplies Insulin &/or Diabetes kit Extra Eye Glasses Heart and High Blood Pressure Medication
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A42 PART II Unit Disaster Supply Kit - Essentials (Items additive to “minimum necessary equipment” listed for each sub-plan) Battery-operated radio (1) with extra batteries Flashlights (3) with extra batteries NOTE: Candles are not recommended, they result in more fires after a disaster than anything else Water *1 gallon/person/day23, minimum, in a food-grade plastic container or Water Purification kit -Purification tablets &/or filter pump &/or non-scented liquid chlorine bleach 1 drop/liter of water Capable of producing *1 gallon per person per day or 1 Large pot, for boiling water at least 10 minutes at a rolling boil *Additional water is required for sanitation
First Aid Kit (Minimum recommended items) Scissors Sunscreen Tweezers Thermometer Latex gloves (2 pair) 2” sterile gauze pads (4-6) 2” sterile roller bandages (3 rolls) Triangular bandages (3) 4” sterile gauze pads (4-6) 3” sterile roller bandages (3 rolls) Tongue blades (2) Moistened towelettes Petroleum jelly or other lubricant Cleansing agent/soap Sterile adhesive bandages, assorted sizes Assorted sizes of safety pins First Aid &/or Emergency Medicine Book Non-Prescription Drugs - EMERGENCY USE ONLY TO BE GIVEN BY A PARENT or BY DIRECTION FROM MEDICAL AUTHORITY Aspirin or non-aspirin pain reliever Laxative Antacid (for stomach upset) Anti-diarrhea medication Activated charcoal (use only if advised by Poison Control Center) Syrup of ipecac (use only if advised by Poison Control Center, to induce vomiting) Tools & Supplies Whistle Duct tape Signal flares (3) Medicine dropper Paper, pencil Hammer Utility knife Crowbar Can opener (manual) Cups Pliers Compass Screwdriver Tire patch kit Plastic sheeting Assorted wood screws Assorted nails Tire flat sealant Aluminum foil Plastic storage containers Needles, thread Work Gloves Heavy cotton or hemp rope (100’) Matches in waterproof container Shut off wrench for gas & water Plumber’s tape or strap iron Sanitation Disinfectant Towelettes Plastic garbage bags & ties (personal sanitation uses) Plastic bucket w/lid Paper towels Household non-scented chlorine bleach (1 gal) Soap, liquid detergent Toilet paper Important Documents Telephone numbers - Part I B Complete copy of Unit Plan - Parts I, II, & III BSA Field Book Copies of Medical Permission Forms (See Appendix D)
Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
23 Federal Emergency Management Agency (2009). Water: How Much Water do I Need?. FEMA. August 23, 2009, FEMA: http://www.fema.gov/plan/prepare/water.shtm#0
A43 PART II B1.k Emergency Support from Others (Fire, Rescue, etc.): ______Red Cross - ______- ______- ______- ______B1.l Recovery Operations (Ref Part III E2): ______Include/Attach Part II B4 Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A44 PART II B1.m Responsibilities (Units, committees, individuals; for leadership see B1.n): ______B1.n Leadership & Communications (Ref Part I B & G): ______Yes No ; Plan has sufficient numbers of leaders/parents to properly transport a participant(s) home or for emergency aid, while ensuring the required number remain with the main group Activity/Event Leadership Responsibilities - ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- Notify Council Executive of any significant event where personnel are or were in harms way or of an injury, serious illness, death, &/or property loss (Part I B2) - Maintain regular and consistent communications and coordination with the Home Base Leader Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A45 PART II Home Base Leader Responsibilities - Be accessible throughout the time period of the activity or event - Will not be physically present at the location of the activity, may be stationed at a Base Camp - Have copies of the unit’s plan and personnel rosters for the activity/event - Assist leadership with all emergencies or contingencies in any way possible - Monitor all WX and news sources for planned area; relay applicable information to leadership - Relay communications to authorities, parents, and others, as required - Initiate and coordinate accountability and/or search & rescue actions if group fails to report in, becomes unaccounted for, or contact is lost after some determined period of time - Ensure Council Executive receives notification of any significant event when personnel are or were in harms way or of an injury, serious illness, death, &/or property loss (Part I B2) - ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______- ______Alternate/Backup Communications Plan ______- Include Name & Phone of an out-of-state contact for communications relay; local phone service may be lost after a disaster, long distance service may remain functioning in & out of the region. Name: ______Ph #: (___)____-______, (___)____-______Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A46 PART II Press/Media Communications Plan; the Council Executive is the primary spokesperson for the BSA for all matters that involve the news media. This plan is only to prepare the activity/event leadership to manage and deal with the press during a contingency situation, should the need arise. - Every effort must be made to inform Parents, Home Base Leader, and Council first - Anticipate the possibility of negative press coverage, depending on the circumstances etc. - Do not hold a press conference or participate in one, defer this to the Council Executive - Never provide a youth’s name & age, or personal data on any participant, give general info only - Do not confuse your opinion with the facts, do not 2nd guess yourself or other leaders - Recommend caution with youth being questioned by the press; advise a parent be present first - If and when a youth is questioned by authorities, an adult leader or their parent must be present - Avoid details of how a death occurred; do not speculate how a death may have occurred - Defer all questions that deal in conjecture, assumptions, and suppositions to the Council Exec - Only state the facts as you know them, do not make assumptions, and do not speculate - Defer questions to the Council Executive when you do not have an accurate truthful answer - Only provide your name; unless other adults consent too, refer to them by their positions - BSA Unit ______, Council ______- City/Town/County/Region From ______- Number of Leaders/Adults _____; age range ______(only provide ages if asked) - Total number Involved ____, Injured ____, Missing ____, Deceased ____; age range ______- Briefly explain the purpose of the activity ______- Brief Description of what occurred, when, & where ______- Avoid discussions of how & why the incident occured; defer those to the Council Exec - Status of those involved, if known: ______- Status of those not injured or affected: ______- Status of notifications (i.e. parents) ______Attach to Part I G1 as Annex C Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A47 PART II B2 TREK/FLOAT/TRAVEL CONTINGENCY PLANS: B2.a Alternate Route ‘A’ BSA Unit: ______Travel Mode: Foot/Bike/Boat/Vehicle or ______# In Group: ____ If main route is not usable; Inform Home Base ASAP upon deciding on alternate It is not realistic to assume when & where an alternate route might begin; plan first waypoint based on the closest logical point in relationship to the primary route, estimate dates & times. Way Pt A-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt A-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt A-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt A-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt A-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt A-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Destination: ______Date/Time: ______/_____(AM/PM) End ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Remarks: ______File with Part I G2 (For continuation, replicate sheet)
A48 PART II B2.b Alternate Route ‘B’ BSA Unit: ______Travel Mode: Foot/Bike/Boat/Vehicle or ______# In Group: ____ If main route is not usable; Inform Home Base ASAP upon deciding on alternate It is not realistic to assume when & where an alternate route might begin; plan first waypoint based on the closest logical point in relationship to the primary route, estimate dates & times. Way Pt B-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt B-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt B-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt B-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt B-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Way Pt B-__: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Estimated Arrival Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Estimated Departure Date/Time: ______/______(AM/PM) Following ______Trail/Road/River Heading: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Destination: ______Date/Time: ______/_____(AM/PM) End ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Remarks: ______File with Part I G2 (For continuation, replicate sheet)
A49 PART II B3 TREK & TRAVEL EVACUATION/EXTRACTION POINTS (Evac Pt) Points intended for use in evacuating injured personnel and/or extracting unit due to an emergency Select points close to planned route that facilitate pickup i.e. road, helicopter*, towns, etc.
Evac Pt ___ Location: ______Description: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Closest Primary Route Way Pt # ______; Distance from point: ______miles/km Heading from point: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Pickup Capability: Vehicle, Helicopter*, Boat, Other ______
Evac Pt ___ Location: ______Description: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Closest Primary Route Way Pt # ______; Distance from point: ______miles/km Heading from point: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Pickup Capability: Vehicle, Helicopter*, Boat, Other ______
Evac Pt ___ Location: ______Description: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Closest Primary Route Way Pt # ______; Distance from point: ______miles/km Heading from point: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Pickup Capability: Vehicle, Helicopter*, Boat, Other ______
Evac Pt ___ Location: ______Description: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Closest Primary Route Way Pt # ______; Distance from point: ______miles/km Heading from point: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Pickup Capability: Vehicle, Helicopter*, Boat, Other ______
Evac Pt ___ Location: ______Description: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Closest Primary Route Way Pt # ______; Distance from point: ______miles/km Heading from point: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Pickup Capability: Vehicle, Helicopter*, Boat, Other ______
Evac Pt ___ Location: ______Description: ______. ______(N/S) ______. ______(W/E) Closest Primary Route Way Pt # ______; Distance from point: ______miles/km
A50 PART II Heading from point: East/West/North/South: ______Degrees Pickup Capability: Vehicle, Helicopter*, Boat, Other ______
*Helicopter landing zones must be a minimum of 100x100 (ft) free of obstacles & be relatively flat File with Part I G2 (To add additional points, replicate sheet) B4 RECOVERY PLAN(S) & FORMS (Fill out forms, as applicable) Initiation of Recovery Operations assumes the initial phase of a contingency/disaster has ended, with the focus shifting toward stabilization. Recovery operations attempt to transition toward an end state that stabilizes the situation and then migrate to a normal environment. - Utilize the Home Base Leader, coordinate all actions with them; they are a critical resource Plan must be executed in conjunction with below Worksheets & Checklist in Part III E2 B4.a Unit/Group Reunification Process: - Initiate accountability actions; SEE Accountability of Personnel section & Forms below ______- Notification of a death should be done in person; SEE Deceased Notifications end of section Maintain Part III E2.f.3 Worksheet: Tracking Families departing area/region do to disaster
B4.b Transportation (May be necessary to assume authorities will provide transport to a shelter or other point where the unit/group can be recovered) ______B4.c Alternate Pickup Point ______
A51 PART II ______
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A52 PART II B4.d Accountability of Gear, Equipment, & Vehicles ______B4.e Process & Administrative Actions Necessary (i.e. Insurance Requirements)______Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A53 PART II B4.f FORMS (Fill in after canceling or at the conclusion of a contingency/disaster) Update the Following Forms from the Checklist & Worksheets in Part III E2 B4.f.1 Situation & Conditions at Cancelation or Conclusion Date: ______Time (Local Time): ______(AM/PM) Location: ______WX & Conditions: ______Situation: ______B4.f.2 Accountability of Personnel: Total # of Participants ______(ref Part I B) # Accounted for ______; # Who are not ______; Reference following sheets for individual status ______Maintain Part III E2.f.3 Worksheet: Tracking Families departing area/region do to disaster Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A54 PART II CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION FORM B4.f.3 MISSING PERSONS: total number ______(ref Part I B) Parents/Family Name______Age_ Special Needs*_ Parent/Guardian______Notified 1. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______2. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______3. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______4. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______5. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______6. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______7. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______8. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______9. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______10. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______11. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______12. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______13. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______14. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______15. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______16. ______Yes * No ______Recovered: Date/Time ______Location ______Injuries/Condition ______*‘Special Needs’ Reference Part I B5 for specifics; keep secure & accessible only to leadership and authorities Page ___ of ___ (Replicate sheet as needed) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A55 PART II CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION FORM B4.f.4 INJURED PERSONS: total number ______(ref Part I B) Parents/Family Name______Age_ Special Needs*_ Parent/Guardian______Notified 1. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______2. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______3. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______4. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______5. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______6. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______7. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______8. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______9. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______10. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______11. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______12. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______13. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______14. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______15. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______16. ______Yes * No ______Injured: Date/Time ______Current Location ______Injuries: Critical/Guarded/Stable ______*‘Special Needs’ Reference Part I B5 for specifics; keep secure & accessible only to leadership and authorities Page ___ of ___ (Replicate sheet as needed) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
A56 PART II CONFIDENTIAL SENSITIVE INFORMATION FORM B4.f.5 DECEASED: total number ______(ref Part I B) Parents/Family Name______Age_ Parent/Guardian/Next of Kin Notified 1. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______2. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______3. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______4. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______5. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______6. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______7. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______8. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______9. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______10. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______11. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______12. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______13. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______14. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______15. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______16. ______Died: Date/Time ______Remains Location ______Remarks ______
Page ___ of ___ (Replicate sheet as needed) CONFIDENTIAL SENSITIVE INFORMATION
A57 PART II FORM (Document after canceling/concluding) B4.f.6 SAR Actions on going to Find & Recover Missing: ______Lead SAR Agency: ______Based at: ______Primary POC: ______, Ph: (____)______Alternate POC: ______, Ph: (____)______
Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A58 PART II FORM (Document after canceling/concluding) B4.f.7 Status of Injured: ______Hospitals/Medical Facilities; injured transported to Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A59 PART II FORM (Document after canceling/concluding) B4.f.8 Plan for Disposition of Remains24: ______Maintain Part III E2.f.3 Worksheet: Tracking Families departing area/region do to disaster Final Notification to Parents/Relatives (In person by the leaders if possible) ______- Deceased Notifications (This duty must be done in person) Under any circumstance, this notification is extremely difficult, more so if it is a young child - Confirm the individual’s death, absolutely, before making the notification - Notify the Council Executive ASAP - Coordinate with authorities; ensure they have not already made the notification -- If authorities have, then turn over follow-on actions to the Council Executive & paid staff --- Out of consideration, Event Leadership should express their condolences to the family If authorities have not made the notification (i.e. Sheriff, State Police, etc.): - Coordinate notification with Home Base Leader & Council Executive - Council Executive or their designated representative will be the lead for this duty -- Attempt to make notification along with a minister, relative, &/or close family friend -- There is no good way to give such bad news, be forthright, not blunt, with the information - After making the notification, remain until you are certain the family is coping with the news in a reasonable manner, assist wherever and however you can - Do not leave the family alone, wait until friends &/or relatives have arrived - Leave only the Council Executives contact information for any follow up questions etc.
Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
24 Boy Scouts of America (2007). Guide to Safe Scouting: Reporting Death or Serious Injury, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
A60 PART II Section C: High Adventure Contingency Considerations Because Boy Scouting High Adventure activities can pose a higher level of risk than most units may experience on a more typical outing, a contingency plan may not adequately cover the entire realm of possibilities specific to a more challenging excursion. The following considerations identify factors specific to the activity noted for use in planning that type of an event, which may require more thorough and detailed planning to ensure proper preparation for that adventure. The High Adventure activities listed cover the most likely events a Scout can expect to participate in; however, they are not all encompassing. Which means unit leadership must always ensure careful planning occurs in order to try and anticipate the potential contingencies particular to their challenging trip. “Contingency planning is critical to the success of every trip.”25
C1 BACKCOUNTRY (Remote or Wilderness Area) - BSA Specific Guidelines, Training, & Key Resources -- Trek Safely and Powder Horn Training -- Fieldbook, Principles of Leave No Trace, merit badge pamphlets, & Guide to Safe Scouting -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit - Research -- Terrain, Environment, & Weather -- Determine specific requirements for the area, need for permits and/or permission -- Leave no trace and Bear Container/Bag requirements -- Reports of animal activity and bio-environmental (i.e. bears, contaminated water, disease) - Location -- Consider how isolated the area is and how or how not accessible it is by means other than foot -- Factors effecting rescue response time - Training & Experience -- Do you require an experienced knowledgeable guide -- Training and experience are crucial for success in Backcountry treks, as well as physical fitness -- Develop a training/workup plan to ensure all participants are prepared -- Advisable to have Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid & CPR training; may mean lives saved -- Trained and mentally prepared to survive is a must for this type of activity - Equipment -- Determine minimum equipment necessary for success; any specialized gear requirements -- Water treatment necessity/requirement -- Need for Emergency Personal Locator Beacons; 1 for the group or 1 each? -- Need for Avalanche Beacons/Finders; 1 per person -- Current & accurate map coverage, include alternate areas incase of course deviations - Hazards & Dangers -- Terrain, Environmental, and Seasonal (i.e. WX, altitude, flooding, active volcanoes, etc.) -- Weather forecast before and during the planned time period -- Can route lead to being cut off or isolated; such as high water at stream or river bed crossings -- Will route require traversing Ice Fields or Glaciers -- Conditions that present participants with increased difficulty beyond their abilities -- Animals, Pestilence, & Diseases -- Getting lost or stranded, leg and feet injuries, dehydration
25 Boy Scouts of America (2004). Trek Safely, 20-125. Irving TX: BSA
A61 PART II - Survival -- Advise carrying extra and Emergency Provisions -- Special gear for survival in the planned environment (i.e. cold, hot, desert, etc.) -- Plan for options in case group is forced into a survival situation - Search & Rescue -- Are there trained rescue teams on stand by for this area --- Do rescue teams have rapid means of recovery (i.e. helicopters, ATVs, etc.) --- How do you contact them -- Thoroughly plan possible Evac Pts along the planned route -- Does area management agency require a Trek Plan - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Do participants require certain additional immunizations -- Do Participants require prophylactic medications (i.e. anti-malarial) -- Are there participants with allergies that require specific type meds (i.e. atropine, inhalers) -- Availability of medical services and facilities --- Determine need for the amount and types of medical supplies -- Potential for altitude sickness; need to carry oxygen -- Certain medical conditions may prohibit some individuals from trekking activities
Notes: ______
A62 PART II C2 CLIMBING - BSA Specific Guidelines & Key Resources -- Climb on Safely, Powder Horn, and Climbing Instructor Training -- Fieldbook, merit badge pamphlets, Topping Out manual, & Guide to Safe Scouting -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical -- Specific BSA restrictions on type & kind of climbing a Scout can do; ref Guide to Safe Scouting -- Helmets, rope, and climbing hardware must be approved per one of the following standards:26 --- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) --- UIAA (Union Internationale des Associations d' Alpinisme) --- CE (European Community Norm) --- Equipment must be acquired new or furnished by the instructor --- An approved climbing helmet must be worn during all BSA climbing/rappelling activities - Research -- Terrain, Environment, & Weather -- Stability of rocks, cliffs, anchor points, and/or climbing surface -- Need for special skills and training -- Need for type and amount of gear; and specialty and rescue gear -- Need for permits and/or permission, additional forms for insurance and liability -- Special/Specific rules, policies, and/or regulations for area climbing use - Location -- Suitable, safe, and appropriate for skill level of participants i.e. difficulty & technical factors -- Area access for emergencies, roads, helicopter landing areas, will trail permit use of ATV --- Factors effecting rescue response time, do you require on scene medical support -- Water, sanitation, and shelter available - Training & Experience -- Qualified experienced knowledgeable guide/instructor is a must -- Training and physical fitness are a must -- Develop a training/workup plan to ensure all participants are prepared -- Recommend Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid training for remote area; may make the difference -- Current CPR & basic 1st Aid certification is required for at least one leader -- Determine skill levels of participants to ensure proper type of activity for their ability - Equipment (see BSA specific rules above) -- Do you have the proper equipment available for the size and ability level of participants -- Necessary equipment to conduct an emergency rescue of a trapped or injured participant -- Ensure you have all the correct gear required for the planned activity; if not, cancel the activity -- Current & accurate map coverage, include alternate areas incase of course deviations - Hazards & Dangers -- Participants displaying undisciplined behavior and/or performing in an undisciplined manner -- Climbing area is wet, iced, loose, or otherwise present participants with increased difficulty -- WX, environmental & seasonal -- Faulty equipment and/or improper use of equipment -- Possibility individuals become unable to function do to extreme anxiety or fear and falling - Survival -- Based on nature of climb, need for team to have self supporting rescue & survival gear -- If area is remote, then team/unit should have gear necessary for emergencies
26 Boy Scouts of America (2003). Climb on Safely, 20-099B. Irving TX: BSA
A63 PART II - Search & Rescue -- Are there trained rescue teams on stand by able to perform mountain & climbing type rescues --- Do rescue teams have rapid means of recovery (i.e. helicopters, ATVs, etc.) --- How do you contact them -- Plan for possible Evac Pts - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Do participants require certain additional immunizations -- Do Participants require prophylactic medications (i.e. anti-malarial) -- Are there participants with allergies that require specific type meds (i.e. atropine, inhalers) -- Availability of medical services and facilities -- Potential for altitude sickness; need to carry oxygen -- Certain medical conditions may prohibit some individuals from climbing activities
Notes: ______
A64 PART II C3 CAVING - BSA Specific Guidelines & Key Resources -- Powder Horn Training -- Fieldbook, merit badge pamphlets, & Guide to Safe Scouting; possibly Topping Out manual -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical -- Specific BSA restrictions on type & kind of caving a Scout can do; ref Guide to Safe Scouting-- -- Depending on type of caving, Climb on Safely & Climbing Instructor Training -- Helmets, rope, and climbing hardware must be approved per one of the following standards: --- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) --- UIAA (Union Internationale des Associations d' Alpinisme) --- CE (European Community Norm) --- Equipment must be acquired new or furnished by the instructor --- An approved climbing helmet must be worn during all BSA climbing/rappelling activities ---- Same is necessary for caving, other than commercial caves, unless owner requires them - Research -- Cave environment & conditions, effects of seasonal and forecast WX on the cave & area -- Stability of cave structure, proximity to faults and geothermal & seismic activity (volcanoes) -- Proximity to mines, heavy construction, and or blasting activity -- Need for special skills, gear, and training -- Need for permits and/or permission, additional forms for insurance and liability -- Special/Specific rules, policies, and/or regulations for area cave use - Location -- Suitable, safe, and appropriate for skill level of participants i.e. difficulty & technical factors -- Area access for emergencies, roads, helicopter landing areas, will trail permit use of ATV --- Factors effecting rescue response time, do you require on scene medical support -- Water, sanitation, and shelter available; may need ability to clean off and change clothing - Training & Experience -- Qualified experienced knowledgeable guide/instructor is a must -- Training and physical fitness are a must, and being mentally prepared to survive -- Develop a training/workup plan to ensure all participants are prepared -- Recommend Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid training for remote area; may make the difference -- Current CPR & basic 1st Aid certification is required for at least one leader - Equipment (see BSA specific rules above) -- Do you have the proper equipment available for the size and skill level of participants? -- Lights and spare/backup power sources -- Depending on cave layout & location, SCUBA gear maybe necessary for rescue operations -- Is there a need for emergency respirators &/or oxygen in case of noxious fumes -- Necessary equipment to conduct an emergency extraction of an injured participant -- Ensure you have all the correct gear required for the planned activity; if not, cancel the activity -- Current & accurate maps, include alternate areas incase of course deviations - Hazards & Dangers -- Participants displaying undisciplined behavior and/or performing in an undisciplined manner -- Conditions that present participants with increased difficulty beyond their abilities -- WX, environmental & seasonal; animals (i.e. bats, snakes, bears, etc.) -- Faulty equipment and/or improper use of equipment -- Flooding, lethal gases or bad air, cave-ins, being lost, lost individual, stuck person, falling -- Possibility individuals become unable to proceed do to extreme anxiety or fear
A65 PART II - Survival -- If participants become trapped, rescue may take days; advise extra gear & provisions -- If area is remote, then team/unit should have gear necessary for emergencies - Search & Rescue -- Are there trained rescue teams on stand by able to perform cave type rescues --- Do rescue teams have rapid means of recovery (i.e. helicopters, ATVs, etc.) --- How do you contact them -- Plan for possible Evac Pts - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Do participants require certain additional immunizations -- Do Participants require prophylactic medications (i.e. anti-malarial) -- Are there participants with allergies that require specific type meds (i.e. atropine, inhalers) -- Availability of medical services and facilities (bats can carry rabies) -- Potential for fumes and stale air; need to have oxygen -- Certain medical conditions may prohibit some individuals from caving activities
Notes: ______
A66 PART II C4 CANOEING, KAYAKING, AND OPEN BOATING - BSA Specific Guidelines & Key Resources -- Safety Afloat, Safe Swim Defense, and Powder Horn Training -- Fieldbook, merit badge pamphlets, & Guide to Safe Scouting -- Aquatics Supervision Guide Book, BSA publication -- Scouts must be a “Swimmer” per the BSA swim test --- Swim test must be conducted and passed, as a Swimmer, within 12 months of activity --- Scouts who are not Swimmers have additional restrictions, ref Guide to Safe Scouting -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical -- All participants will wear properly fitted USCG certified Personal Floatation Devices (PFD) -- Specific BSA restrictions on type & kind of boating a Scout can do; ref Guide to Safe Scouting - Research -- State & US Coast Guard (USCG) waterway rules, boat, and boating requirements -- Environment, seasonal conditions, water cleanliness, effects of WX, & marine forecast -- Need for special skills, gear, and training -- Need for permits and/or permission, additional forms for insurance and liability -- Special/Specific rules, policies, &/or regulations for boating and waterway use, file a float plan -- Whitewater/River rapids class ratings; how they change based on water levels &/or flooding - Location -- Suitable, safe, and appropriate for skill level of participants i.e. difficulty & technical factors -- Access for emergencies; roads, helicopter landing areas --- Factors effecting rescue response time -- Water, sanitation, and shelter facilities along route or on shore -- Can participants handle and manage portage areas -- Are there safe usable exit areas in various locations - Training & Experience -- Do you need a Qualified experienced knowledgeable guide/instructor -- Training and physical fitness are a must, and being mentally prepared to survive -- Develop a training/workup plan to ensure all participants are prepared -- Recommend Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid training for remote area; may make the difference -- Current CPR & basic 1st Aid certification is required for at least one leader -- Are there any licenses or certifications required and age restrictions on boat operators - Equipment -- Ensure boats requiring USCG inspection are current, and all required safety gear is onboard -- Inspect and check motorized craft’s engines ensure proper oil & fluid levels, check battery(s) --- Have extra fuel and oil in case of any delays and/or emergencies; carry a spare battery -- Inspect and check hulls for watertight integrity; ensure floatation bags are good, if installed --- Carry duct tape, tools, & supplies for repairs and to patch hulls --- Carry spare paddles/oars, extra life preservers, and spare rope -- Type II and III PFDs are recommended -- Place phones, WX radio, and electronic communications items in waterproof bags or boxes -- Use dry bags to hold towels, blankets, and dry spare clothing -- Participants must be properly attired for conditions (i.e. wet suits for cool WX &/or water) -- Waterproof first aid kit for blisters and cuts -- Participants should wear water shoes, as necessary have a dry pair of shoes in a dry bag -- Participants must wear a proper fitting helmet for kayaking and/or whitewater activities -- Current & accurate chart/map coverage, include alternate areas incase of course deviations
A67 PART II - Hazards & Dangers -- Participants displaying undisciplined behavior and/or performing in an undisciplined manner -- Conditions that present participants with increased difficulty beyond their abilities -- WX, environmental & seasonal --- A stiff breeze can blow Scouts off course or tax their abilities if having to paddle upwind --- Winds can lead to wave action which can lead to swamped craft or worse --- Flooding or increased runoff can change rapids class rating; also the waterway dynamic -- Faulty equipment and/or improper use of equipment -- Flash flooding, getting lost, swamped/capsized, and/or getting stuck or stranded -- Possibility individuals become unable to proceed do to extreme anxiety or fear -- Drowning, water born bacteria & disease, insects, poisonous & dangerous aquatic life - Survival -- If participants become trapped in an inaccessible area rescue may be days; need extra provisions -- If area is remote, then team/unit should have gear necessary for emergencies - Search & Rescue -- Are there trained rescue teams on stand by able to perform swift boat/water type rescues --- Do rescue teams have rapid means of recovery (i.e. helicopters, boats, etc.) --- How do you contact them -- Plan for possible Evac Pts - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Do participants require certain additional immunizations -- Do Participants require prophylactic medications (i.e. anti-malarial) -- Are there participants with allergies that require specific type meds (i.e. atropine, inhalers) -- Availability of medical services and facilities
Notes: ______
A68 PART II C5 OPEN WATER AFLOAT (Watercraft with seaworthy certification) - BSA Specific Guidelines & Key Resources -- Safety Afloat, Safe Swim Defense, Powder Horn, Sea Scout, and Seabadge Training -- Sea Scout Manual, Fieldbook, merit badge pamphlets, & Guide to Safe Scouting -- Aquatics Supervision Guide Book and Venturing Manual, BSA publications -- Scouts must be a “Swimmer” per the BSA swim test --- Swim test must be conducted and passed, as a Swimmer, within 12 months of activity --- Scouts who are not Swimmers have additional restrictions, ref Guide to Safe Scouting -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical -- All participants will wear properly fitted USCG certified Personal Floatation Devices (PFD) --- Federal regulations: persons onboard craft 16 feet or larger may have PFDs readily available ---- Must be enough PFDs so each person has immediate access to at least one at all times --- State regulations may be more restrictive -- Specific BSA restrictions on type & kind of boating a Scout can do; ref Guide to Safe Scouting - Research -- State & US Coast Guard (USCG) rules of the sea, boat, and boating requirements -- Environment, seasonal conditions, tidal factors, winds, effects of WX, & marine forecast -- Need for special skills, gear, and training -- Need for permits and/or permission, additional forms for insurance and liability -- Special/Specific rules, policies, &/or regulations for boating and waterway use, file a float plan - Location -- Area safe, and appropriate for skill level of participants i.e. difficulty & technical factors -- Factors that may effect rescue response time -- Water, sanitation, fueling, and shelter facilities on shore -- Adequate safe harbors/anchorages at various points, to avoid or wait out storms or high sea state - Training & Experience -- Do you need a Qualified experienced knowledgeable guide/instructor -- Develop a training/workup plan to ensure all participants are prepared -- Mental preparation and specialized training is necessary for open water survival -- Recommend Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid training for remote area -- Current CPR & basic 1st Aid certification is required for at least one leader -- Are there any licenses or certifications required and age restrictions on boat operators -- Are leaders and participants properly trained to Navigate in open water without GPS --- Use of sextant and compass; all basic means of open water navigation -- Cold water environment may require training to meet USCG timing to don a survival suit - Equipment -- Ensure boats requiring USCG inspection are current, and all required safety gear is onboard -- Inspect and check motorized craft’s engines ensure proper oil & fluid levels, check battery(s) --- Have extra fuel and oil in case of any delays and/or emergencies; carry a spare battery -- Inspect and check hulls for watertight integrity; ensure overall seaworthiness --- Carry tools, & supplies for repairs and capability to patch hulls &/or stop leaks --- Carry spare paddles/oars, extra life preservers, and spare rope -- Type II and III PFDs are recommended --- Depending on size of vessel, additional Type and number of PFDs may be required -- Ensure radios and electronics are waterproof and can handle the harsh environment -- Use dry bags to hold emergency and personal gear -- Participants must be properly outfitted for conditions (i.e. rain gear, sunglasses, etc.)
A69 PART II -- Ensure all navigation, radar, and communications gear is correctly and accurately calibrated -- Current & accurate chart coverage, include alternate areas incase of course deviations -- Ensure adequate amounts of fresh drinking water is on board -- Inspect life raft(s) and survival gear; ensure required items are properly waterproofed --- Include emergency saltwater desalination equipment with survival gear, as required -- Inspect survival suits as required - Hazards & Dangers -- Participants displaying undisciplined behavior and/or performing in an undisciplined manner -- Conditions that present participants with increased difficulty beyond their abilities -- WX, environmental & seasonal --- High winds can blow watercraft off course or prevent operation --- High sea state can lead to swamped or capsized craft or sinking --- Storms – thunderstorms to Hurricanes -- Faulty equipment and/or improper use of equipment; especially navigation equipment -- Getting lost and/or getting stuck or stranded due to tide running out, run aground -- Drowning and hypothermia -- Poisonous and dangerous aquatic life - Survival -- Survival on the high seas requires a strong faith in God & a focused attitude about surviving -- Freshwater is critical for surviving in a saltwater environment -- Sun protection -- An at sea emergency may come with no warning, critical to have all gear at the ready -- Cold water survival is contingent on donning survival suit and getting inside a life raft --- Difference in surviving or dying is measured in minutes under these circumstances - Search & Rescue -- Traversing any large body of water in and around the US, the USCG will coordinate rescues --- Rescue can be made by any means; a merchant vessel, helicopter, or small craft -- Contact USCG on frequency 156.8 MHz (Channel 16) or by any other means available --- Calling: Mayday, Mayday Mayday, “Craft Name,” Position, and number of persons on board --- Only use perishable signals if certain that someone might see them (i.e. flares, smoke, etc.) - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Are there participants with allergies that require specific type meds (i.e. atropine, inhalers) -- Traversing coastal or major navigable waterways contact USCG for medical assistance, or 911 -- Identify ports, harbors, &/or docks that provide direct access to emergency medical services -- Crew/participants should be prepared to manage serious medical matters for an extended period
Notes: ______
A70 PART II C6 SCUBA & SNORKELING - BSA Specific Guidelines & Key Resources -- Safe Swim Defense and Powder Horn Training -- Possibly; Safety Afloat, Sea Scout, and Seabadge Training -- Fieldbook, Sea Scout Manual, merit badge pamphlets, & Guide to Safe Scouting -- Aquatics Supervision Guide Book and Venturing Manual, BSA publications -- SCUBA BSA Brochure and the Snorkeling BSA Application -- Scouts must be a “Swimmer” per the BSA swim test --- Swim test must be conducted and passed, as a Swimmer, within 12 months of activity --- Scouts who are not Swimmers have additional restrictions, ref Guide to Safe Scouting -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical -- As required, they will wear properly fitted USCG certified Personal Floatation Devices (PFD) -- Specific BSA restrictions on which Scouts can do these activities; ref Guide to Safe Scouting - Research -- State & US Coast Guard (USCG) rules for SCUBA & Snorkeling along with boat use -- Environment; effects of WX, seasonal conditions, Tidal forces, winds, & marine forecast -- Currents, tidal surge, water visibility, water temperature, water quality, surf action, depth -- Endangered species animal & plant life; Protected areas & rules for interaction with aquatic life -- Types and kinds of sea life, potentially hazardous & poisonous animals and marine plants -- What skills, gear, and training is required; SCUBA must be in formal training or be certified -- Need for permits and/or permission, additional forms for insurance and liability -- Special/Specific rules, policies, &/or regulations, file a float plan -- USCG rules on performing Diving/Snorkeling within active waterways (i.e. Dive flags etc.) - Location -- Area safe, and appropriate for skill level of participants i.e. difficulty & technical factors -- Factors that may effect rescue response -- Water, sanitation, and shelter facilities on shore -- Aquatic farm areas i.e. fish nets, crabbing & lobster pods, clam & oyster beds -- Underwater structures, sunken items etc., coral reefs & outcroppings, caves, springs -- Restricted areas both on and off shore - Training & Experience -- Counselor for Scuba BSA must hold an instructor rating and be in current teaching status --- With PADI, NAUI, SSI, or other member of the RSTC IAW BSA scuba policies -- To engage in SCUBA activities individuals must be certified or enrolled in a training course --- Certification with PADI, NAUI, SSI, or other member of the RSTC IAW BSA scuba policies -- Participants must be mature & mentally prepared with specialized training to do SCUBA --- Their survival and safety is dependant on their discipline in this environment -- Recommend Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid training for remote area -- Current CPR & basic 1st Aid certification is required for at least one leader - Equipment -- SCUBA requires specific life support gear for persons to survive in a hostile environment --- The SCUBA instructor/counselor must be consulted for what equipment is required -- All life-support gear must be certified, inspected, and meet the highest standards of operation --- Ensure all required inspections have been within the proper time period, consult counselor -- Plan to have spare gear and tanks (or ability to refill tanks) on hand for rescue operations -- Cold water environments may require training and additional specialized gear -- Current & accurate chart coverage, include alternate areas incase of course deviations
A71 PART II - Hazards & Dangers -- Participants displaying undisciplined behavior and/or performing in an undisciplined manner -- Conditions that present participants with increased difficulty beyond their abilities -- WX, environmental & seasonal --- High currents, tidal forces, and surge can push divers off course or disorient them --- High sea state can lead to confusion or loss of gear on entry or exit --- Storms - thunderstorms to Hurricanes -- Faulty equipment and/or improper use of equipment; especially life support gear -- Getting lost and/or getting stuck or stranded due to tide running out -- Drowning and hypothermia -- Poisonous and dangerous aquatic life -- SCUBA - decompression (Bends), embolisms, diving beyond a safe depth -- Drowning and hypothermia -- Snorkeling - Hyperventilation, breathing in water from snorkel -- Cave & wreck penetration diving is not advisable for BSA participants due to extreme dangers - Survival -- SCUBA is an activity where surviving is dependant on divers remaining focused at all times -- Use of buddy system is critical to survival, along with a high level of equipment familiarity -- Sun protection; especially when snorkeling -- Wearing full body suit is advisable if divers are susceptible to poisonous plant & animal life -- An at sea emergency may come with no warning, critical to have all gear at the ready --- Cold water survival is contingent on donning survival suit and getting inside a life raft --- Difference in surviving or dying is measured in minutes under these circumstances - Search & Rescue -- SCUBA rescue requires a specialized skill set and gear to perform successful rescues -- Have a trained adult on lookout and standby as a lifeguard for all swimming/water activities -- Traversing any large body of water in and around the US, the USCG will coordinate rescues --- Rescue can be made by any means; a merchant vessel, helicopter, or small craft -- File a float & dive plan with appropriate persons -- Contact USCG on frequency 156.8 MHz (Channel 16) or by any other means available --- Calling: Mayday, Mayday Mayday, “Craft Name,” Position, and number of persons on board --- Only use perishable signals if certain that someone might see them (i.e. flares, smoke, etc.) - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Traversing coastal or major navigable waterways contact USCG for medical assistance, or 911 -- Identify ports, harbors, &/or docks that provide direct access to emergency medical services -- Crew/participants should be prepared to manage serious medical matters for an extended period -- Advisable that medical facilities or advanced qualified personnel be on hand or close by --- Know the location of a hyperbaric chamber for SCUBA related accidents
Notes: ______
A72 PART II C7 FOREIGN TRAVEL - BSA Specific Guidelines & Key Resources -- Trek Safely and Powder Horn Training -- Fieldbook, Principles of Leave No Trace, merit badge pamphlets, & Guide to Safe Scouting -- Need parental permission and approved tour permit -- Medical/physical restrictions and a completed current physical - Research -- Terrain, Environment, & Weather -- Financial system, currency requirements, exchange rates -- Law enforcement and medical/emergency services -- Location of American Embassy and/or US Consulates; also US military installations and ports --- In addition, locations of embassies and consulates of US friendly countries -- Determine specific requirements for the area, need for permits and/or permission -- Language and cultural issues effecting foreign citizen travel; religious holidays & customs -- Reports of diseases, animal activity, terrorism, and bio-environmental (i.e. contaminated water) -- Crime, civil unrest, and laws affecting foreign citizens -- Passport and visa requirements; also requirements and regulations for returning to the US --- You must apply for a passport several months in advance ---- See local Post Office or US Embassy/Consulates for forms and process - Location -- Consider level of isolation &/or proximity to modernized areas near the planned region to visit -- Is area safe; for health, crime, and personal security -- Are there special fees or visa requirements at location? --- Be aware of corrupt officials or vendors asking for bribes or unauthorized fees, know facts -- Factors effecting rescue response times -- Do you have accurate and recent chart/map coverage for this location and surrounding areas? - Transportation -- What types of transportation are available in and out of the area; what are the costs -- What local transportation is available at the location to move about the area --- Is it secure, safe, and reasonably priced; beware of these concerns --- Must consider language barrier when using local transportation --- Have map & written directions in native language as back up; know where you are going -- What are the transportation schedules -- Availability in an emergency; will they operate to allow evacuation --- Are there alternate means of evacuating other than the means used in arriving on location - Training & Experience -- Do you require an experienced knowledgeable guide, recommended -- Training and experience are most helpful in ensuring successful foreign excursions -- Develop a training/workup plan to ensure all participants are prepared -- Advisable to have Advanced or Wilderness 1st Aid & CPR training -- A thoroughly planned trip communicated to all will mean the difference for success - Equipment -- Determine minimum equipment necessary for success; any specialized gear requirements -- Water treatment necessity/requirement -- Need for Emergency Personal and/or Locator Beacons; 1 for the group or 1 each? -- Need for Avalanche Beacons/Finders; 1 per person -- Need for GPS with maps of area; also have backup maps/charts with compass -- Language translator or translator book
A73 PART II - Hazards & Dangers -- Terrain, Environmental, and Seasonal (i.e. WX, altitude, flooding, active volcanoes, etc.) -- Weather forecast before and during the planned time period -- Can route in & out be cut off or isolated; such as high water at stream or river bed crossings -- Will route require traversing Ice Fields or Glaciers -- Conditions that present participants with increased difficulty beyond their abilities -- Animals, Pestilence, & Diseases -- Getting lost or stranded, leg and feet injuries, dehydration -- Terrorism, kidnappings, crime, civil unrest, theft, scam artists, corruption - Survival -- Advise carrying extra and Emergency Provisions -- Special gear for survival in the planned environment (i.e. cold, hot, desert, jungle, etc.) -- Plan options for possible survival situations -- Survival may mean dealing with anything from natural disasters to civil unrest --- Added issues; not a citizen of the country and knowing where and how to get help - Search & Rescue -- Are there trained rescue teams on stand by for this area, familiar with the type of rescue needed --- Do rescue teams have rapid means of recovery (i.e. helicopters, ATVs, etc.) --- How do you contact them -- Thoroughly plan possible Evac Pts along the planned route -- Does area management agency require a Trek Plan; file one with the US Embassy/Consulate --- If able, file Trek/Travel Plan with local or international office of the Boy Scouting program - Medical/Emergency Services, Factors, & Concerns -- Do participants require additional immunizations --- Host country may require proof of immunizations (shot records) -- Do Participants require prophylactic medications (i.e. anti-malarial) -- Are there participants with allergies that require specific type meds (i.e. atropine, inhalers) --- Know Laws on possessing certain medications and drugs; may need copy of prescription -- Availability of medical services and facilities -- If potential for altitude sickness, need to carry oxygen -- Certain medical conditions may prohibit some individuals from foreign travels -- Determine need for the amount and types of medical supplies --- Know Laws on possessing over the counter medicines; may need copy of prescriptions
Notes: ______
A74 PART III
QRG
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE PRIOR to ACTIVITY/EVENT FILL-IN CHECKLISTS & FORMS WITH KNOWN DATA Includes: Set Criteria, POCs, ph #s, Addresses, Safe Areas, Routes & more
Part III: Quick Reference Checklists & Crisis Planning Guide for use in a contingency &/or emergency situation
A74 PART III
A75 PART III PART III (QRG) QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Section A: Environmental Factors & Natural Disasters…………….……………….. 76 A1 WEATHER CANCELATION CRITERIA…..……………………………... 76 A2 TORNADOS……..……………………………………………………….…. 78 A3 EXTREME HEAT (HEAT WAVE)………………………………..…….…. 79 A4 WILDFIRES……………………………………………………………….... 80 A5 FLOODING………………………………………………………………..... 82 A6 MUD & LANDSLIDES…………………………………………………….. 84 A7 WINTER STORMS & BLIZZARDS….……………………………………. 85 A8 ICE STORMS…………………………………………………………….…. 87 A9 SNOW AVALANCHES…………………………………………………….. 88 A10 COASTAL HAZARDS……….….….…..….….………………...………… 89 A11 HURRICANES……………………………………………………………... 91 A12 EARTHQUAKES & TSUNAMIS……...... 92 A13 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY………………………………………………….... 94 Section B: Human Factors & Manmade Disasters……………………….………….. 95 B1 INDIVIDUAL(S) LOST, SEPARATED, STRANDED, or MISSING……... 95 B2 EMERGENCY SEARCH PROCEDURES.….…..…….…..…….…..….….. 96 B3 UNIT IS LOST, SEPARATED, or STRANDED…………………………… 97 B4 PARTICIPANT INJURY or ILLNESS.….....…..…..…..……………..…..... 99 B5 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS…………………………………….….….….……. 100 B6 DISEASE - EPIDEMIC or PANDEMIC……….…..….….……….….…….. 101 B7 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INCIDENTS & EMERGENCIES…………… 103 B8 NUCLEAR EMERGENCIES & INCIDENTS.…..…....…...…...…...…..….. 106 B9 TERROR ATTACK..……………….…….….….….….….….….….…….… 109 Section C: General Factors & Contingencies………………………………….….…. 111 C1 UNABLE TO MAINTAIN TREK/TRAVEL SCHEDULE..……………...... 111 C2 UNABLE TO CONTINUE TRAVEL………………………………………. 112 C3 POST DISASTER AID & SUPPORT ACTIONS..…..…...….….….….…… 113 Section D: Crisis Planning Guide……….…………………………………………… 114 D1 PURPOSE & SUMMARY………………..……………………………….... 114 D2 CRISIS PLANNING STEPS………………..…………………...... 115 Section E: Cancelation & Recovery…………..……………………………………... 117 E1 CANCELATION & ALTERNATE PLAN CHECKLIST……...…………... 117 E2 PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY & RECOVERY CHECKLIST...... 118
SHORTCUT CODE: to indicate references within this document P = Part I or II or III = Roman numeral indicates the major Part of the document X = Upper case letter identifies a Section within a Part X1 = Number added showing the numerical part of that section X1.x = Lower case letter identifies a Subsection within the section X1.x.1 = Number indicates a further breakdown of the Subsection Code will appear like this: PIII E2.a.1 Decodes to Part III, Section E 2nd part of Sec. E, Subsection a, Subpart 1
A76 PART III Section A: Environmental Factors & Natural Disasters A1 WEATHER CANCELATION CRITERIA Avoidance is the Key to Preventing a WX Related Emergency - Leaders must: Use GOOD JUDGMENT, Consider all available information, Make timely decisions - This does not cover all possibilities; determine cancelation guidelines in advance to reduce confusion & delays
A1.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone, phone, or other reliable means of communication - Map or Diagram of area/building showing designated safe areas/shelters/rooms (Part I D4)
A1.b Activity or Event Environment Select ONE best environment type for planned event; selection will determine criteria in paragraph A1.b.1 and reference A1.b.2 for Assumptions used
INDOOR: Structure is fully enclosed; anchored foundation, permanent wood/brick construction A1.b.1-Criteria 1-4, 9, 10 & **12, 13; A1.b.2-Assumptions 1, 5 & 6; See Note 1
INDOOR/OUTDOOR: Same as Indoor, plus activities in a nearby open area without cover A1.b.1-Criteria 1-4, *5-8, 9, 10 & **12-14; A1.b.2-Assumptions 1-7; See Note 1 *For INDOOR/OUTDOOR only: Criteria 5-8 Cancel Only Outdoor activities, & move to shelter or indoors
OUTDOOR-LOCAL AREA: Limited to no shelter, less than 30 min to modern facilities A1.b.1-Criteria 1-10 & **12-14; A1.b.2-Assumptions 1 & 4-7; See Note 2
OUTDOOR-REMOTE: Limited to no shelter, 30 min or more from modern facilities A1.b.1-Criteria 1-11 & **12-14; A1.b.2-Assumptions 6-10; See Note 3
A1.b.1 Criteria (Select identified items to establish event’s criteria) CANCEL IF ANY ONE APPLIES: Refer to CANCELATION CHECKLIST Part III E1 1) Current conditions are unsafe for travel to/from the activity 2) Forecast (<24 hrs) will prevent safe travel to/from the activity 3) Forecast (>24 hrs) predicts a dangerous situation i.e. Hurricane 4) Severe weather WATCH changes to a WARNING for the area 5) Conditions prevent safely moving planned outdoor activities to indoors or undercover 6) Conditions deteriorate below safety standards &/or preset criteria in PI E 7) Thunderstorms are reported or observed within 20 miles, moving in your direction 8) Lightening reported or observed in the vicinity, or within 20 miles 9) Severe weather observed or reported in the area (i.e. Tornado, high winds, etc) 10) Conditions prevent safely moving activities to an alternate location 11) Conditions are unsafe for continued travel and/or remaining on site; See Notes 3 **CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR CONDITIONS IF any one of these applies: 12) Forecast predicts possibility of severe conditions for the area 13) Weather Service issues a severe weather WATCH for the area 14) Forecast predicts event impact based on pre-established criteria (PI E2) [ Cancelation Criteria specific for the planned activity/event ] 15) ______16) ______17) ______18) ______19) ______(Continued)
A77 PART III A1.b.2 Assumptions (Identified from selected environment in A1.b and the bases for criteria) 1) Access routes are typical paved road network (i.e. not a remote location requiring an SUV) 2) Facility/Building is near to outdoor area permitting all participants to quickly move inside 3) Possibility activity/event can safely be continued indoors or undercover, if necessary 4) Pavilion or a type of open area shelter may be available, affording limited protection from WX 5) Activities/Events are held at unit meeting location or less than 30 min from modern facilities 6) Modern facilities: town, resort, or city areas with some type of medical or emergency services 7) Tents, open area shelters, & mobile/non-permanent structures are unsafe in severe weather 8) Access routes may require SUV, ATV, or 4 wheel drive or travel by foot 9) Communications are limited or nonexistent 10) Emergency services are outside a 30 minute response time ------
NOTE 1: Anytime after activities or event begins and conditions or forecast changes, Cancel ONLY if time will permit everyone to safely return home; otherwise, if necessary, immediately move everyone to a safe location within the structure and wait for the all clear or for conditions to improve.
NOTE 2: At anytime after the event begins and conditions or forecast changes, Cancel ONLY if time will permit everyone to safely return home; otherwise, if necessary, immediately move everyone to a safe location and hunker down until all is clear or conditions improve.
NOTE 3: Caution: Once in route to a remote area, or at such an area, and conditions or forecast changes, cancel ONLY if time will permit everyone to safely return home; otherwise, at a minimum, immediately move away from areas of danger and risk, reference BSA Field Book Risk Management principles27 to mitigate the dangers specific for the conditions. WARNING: UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES ANY DECISION WILL REQUIRE DECISIVE AND STRONG LEADERSHIP; USING SOUND JUDGMENT AND AN IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF WILDERNESS SURVIVAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT. Refer to Part III B3 for stranded units
SEE CANCELATION CHECKLIST PART III E1 Notes: ______
27 Boy Scouts of America (2004). Fieldbook: Risk Management (4th Ed.). Irving, TX: BSA
A78 PART III A2 TORNADOS - Unpredictability makes them dangerous - Can occur without a watch or warning28 - WX news & information and being prepared are key to surviving - Danger: DO NOT USE AN OPEN FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks
A2.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Mass notification/alarm system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc - Map or Diagram of area/building showing designated Safe Areas/shelters (Part I D4)
A2.b Tornado Watches & Warnings29 Watch: Conditions are conducive to the development of tornadoes in and close to the watch area. Warning: Tornado sighted by spotters or on radar and occurring or imminent in the warning area.
A2.c Tornado Contingency Severe nature of this emergency requires some items be performed simultaneously 1) Indentify Safe Areas; basements/cellars, inner rooms of a building, or low lying areas Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______2) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 3) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 4) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 5) Monitor continuously, WX reports once a Severe WX WATCH is issued for the area 6) Cancel, only if certain everyone can return home safely (PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 24 if Canceling; or continue with Item 7] 7) Post spotters with ability to sound alarm or rapidly inform those who can 8) Sound alarm once Severe WX WARNING is issued for area or a Tornado is spotted 9) Direct all to Safe Areas or take cover in place; under table, bathtub, or flat in a ditch 10) Account for all participants, retrieve those missing, if conditions permit 11) Turn off gas, water, & electric, time permitting & as applicable 12) Wait for all clear; Tornado to move away from the area or to dissipate 13) Assemble at ERP 1, or 2 as necessary 14) Account for all participants & administer First Aid 15) Remain clear of hazards, damaged structures, gas & power lines - turn off if able 16) Organize search effort, if necessary and safety permits (PIII B2) 17) Notify Emergency Services & Home Base Leader of situation and status 18) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 19) Remote Site: If injuries, plan at least 24-48 hour rescue timeframe (PII B & PIII D) 20) Remote Site: If unable travel, secure shelter & water, ration food until rescue 21) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 22) Execute Recovery Plan, account for everyone departing the event (PII B4) 23) Follow Recovery Checklist Part III E2 24) Secure property for which unit is responsible; if and when safe 25) Review Cancelation Checklists Part III E1, as required
28 The Weather Channel (2009). Tornado Safety: Be Prepared (2009). weather.com. July 13, 2009, TWC: http://www.weather.com/outlook/wxready/articles/id-56 29 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
A79 PART III A3 EXTREME HEAT (HEAT WAVES) - Gradual nature of extreme heat’s effect on the body make it insidiously dangerous - Elderly are at greater risk; youth are not immune
A3.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment/Supplies - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Ample water supply and shade - Outdoor Thermometer with Heat Index chart (Appendix B) - Wet Bulb Thermometer with Psychrometric chart (Appendix B) or - Device to measure relative humidity or means to receive/determine area’s relative humidity
A3.b Heat Advisories & Warnings30 Advisory: Issued when the heat, or combination of heat and humidity, is expected to become an inconvenience for much of the population, and a problem for some. Excessive Heat Warning: Issued when the heat, or combination of heat and humidity, is expected to be dangerous for a large portion of the population.
A3.c Extreme Heat Contingency 1) Indentify Safe Areas; shady areas &/or air-conditioned building(s) or vehicles Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______2) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 3) Monitor news, temp & humidity once Heat ADVISORY is issued (see charts Appendix B) 4) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 11 if Canceling; or continue with Item 5] 5) Ensure everyone has ready access to water, shade, and/or air-conditioning 6) Cease activity, upon Excessive Heat WARNING or Heat Index in Danger zone (Appendix B) 7) Direct participants to Safe Areas 8) Account for all participants, retrieve those not accounted for 9) Cancel, Skip to Item 11 (ref. PIII A1 & E1)…OR…continue with Item 10 10) Wait for conditions to improve 11) Notify Emergency Services if any participant experiences difficulties (PI D) 12) Administer First Aid, as necessary 13) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 14) Remote Site: plan travel during early day and late afternoon hours (PII B2 – PIII D) 15) Remote Site: If necessary, move to areas with ample water; inform Home Base of move 16) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 17) Execute Recovery Plan, account for everyone departing the event (PII B4) 18) Follow Recovery Checklist Part III E2 19) Secure property for which unit is responsible; when safe 20) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps 21) Refer to Part III A4 Wildfires, condition may be conducive for fires
30 The Weather Channel (2009). Heat Wave Watches & Warnings (2009). weather.com. July 14, 2009, TWC: http://www.weather.com/encyclopedia/heat/index.html?from=search_siteresults<1>
A80 PART III A4 WILDFIRES - Staying informed & strictly following fire prevention rules can mitigate danger - Ability to rapidly depart the danger area is key to surviving
A4.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Mass notification/alarm system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc - Fire extinguishers, shovels, buckets, and other basic tools to fight an outdoor fire - Map of area identifying safe routing in and out of area (PI D4 & PII B)
A4.b Fire Weather Watches & Red Flag Warnings31 Fire Weather Watch: Current & developing conditions (wind, humidity & fuel moisture) may turn into dangerous fire weather. See Note 1 Red Flag Warning: Current conditions (wind, humidity & fuel moisture) are creating extreme fire behavior conditions that might result in a rapid increase in wildfire activity. See Note 2
A4.c Wildfire Contingency Severe nature of this emergency requires some items be performed simultaneously 1) Indentify multiple safe routings away from areas subject to wildfires (PII B1) 2) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 3) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at ERPs or in means of travel (PII B1) 4) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 5) Monitor continuously WX reports once a FIRE WX WATCH is issued 6) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 17 if canceling; or continue with Item 7] 7) Stop outdoor fires and flame/fire use, restrict use to electric or gas items 8) Cease all use of any open flame/fire source once a Red Flag WARNING is issued 9) Cancel, if practical, Skip to Item 17…OR…continue with Item 10 10) Post a fire watch with ability to sound alarm or rapidly inform those who can 11) Ensure fire fighting equipment is ready, fill water/sand buckets 12) Sound alarm if smoke or fire is spotted 13) Fight fire if safe to do so, IF NOT immediately evacuate 14) Ensure escape route(s) remain open and usable, if fighting the fire 15) Attempt to rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit becomes separated 16) Account for all participants, retrieve missing persons if conditions permit 17) Monitor wind direction to note direction of fire (Warning - large fires create their own winds) 18) Select safe route away from danger area and proceed immediately 19) Notify Emergency Services/Forrest Service of situation (PI D) 20) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 21) Remote Site: Prepare to fight fire in the process of evacuating (PIII D) 22) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 23) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 24) Secure property for which unit is responsible; if safe 25) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
31USDA Forrest Service (2008). Fire Management (2008). Forrest Service. March 17, 2009, US Forrest Service: http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/boone/fire/wildfire/warning.shtml
A81 PART III NOTE 1: Fire Weather Watch Whenever geographical areas are in a dry spell for a week or two, or for a shorter period, if before spring green-up or after fall color, and the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) is high to extreme and the following forecast weather parameters within the next 48 hours are: a sustained wind average 15 mph or greater, relative humidity less than or equal to 25%, and 10 hour fuel moisture less than 8% During a Fire Weather WATCH, forest users may be required to keep campfires within established Forest Service fire rings at developed campsites, since there would be increased potential for a campfire to escape and start a wildfire. You should consider alternatives to campfires. Consider burning debris on another day, when the humidity is higher and wind is slower.
NOTE 2: Red Flag Warning A term used by fire-weather forecasters to call attention to limited weather conditions of particular importance that may result in extreme burning conditions. Issued when it is an on-going event or the fire weather forecaster has a high degree of confidence that Red Flag criteria will occur within 24 hours of issuance. Red Flag criteria occurs whenever a geographical area has been in a dry spell for a week or two, or for a shorter period, if before spring green-up or after fall color, and the NFDRS is high to extreme and the following forecast weather parameters are forecasted to meet: A sustained wind average 15 mph or greater. Relative humidity less than or equal to 25%, and 10 hour fuel moisture less than 8% During a Red Flag WARNING, forest users should strongly consider alternatives to a campfire. Because of the warning's short duration, there will not be time to issue a campfire or burning ban. Never burn debris when a Red Flag WARNING is in effect. It can so easily get out of control, and you can be liable for suppression costs. Notes: ______
A82 PART III A5 FLOODING (Note 1) - Heavy rains over a short time &/or rapid snow melt create hazardous flash flooding - Checklist assumes typical flooding will allow a longer warning time until cresting - Danger: DO NOT USE A FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks, as applicable
A5.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Mass notification/alarm system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc. - Map/Diagram displaying planning details i.e. high ground & drainage areas (PI D4) - Water rescue gear i.e. rope, rescue buoy, boat, life preservers, etc.
A5.b Flash Flood Watches and Warnings (Additional Alerts: Note 1) Watch: Flooding possible in or near Watch area, generally issued when flooding is expected within 6 hours after heavy rains end Warning: Flooding actually occurring or imminent in the Warning area, can be issued as a result of torrential rains, a dam failure, or ice jam
A5.c Flooding Contingency Potential severity of this emergency may require some items be achieved simultaneously 1) Determine drainage and run off areas i.e. dry creek beds (PI D4) 2) Indentify Safe Areas; sturdy high ground not easily cut off from escape routes Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple Safe Routings away from areas subject to flooding (PII B1) 4) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 6) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 7) Monitor conditions & WX reports once a Flash Flood WATCH is issued for the area 8) Remove participants and equipment from run off areas, creek beds, & low lying areas 9) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 & 3 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 17 if Canceling; or continue with Item 10] 10) Post spotters with ability to sound alarm or rapidly inform those who can 11) Sound alarm once Flash Flood WARNING is issued or rising water is detected 12) Direct personnel to Safe Areas; turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 13) Attempt to rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit becomes separated 14) Account for all participants & notify Emergency Services of situation (PI D) 15) Organize search & rescue effort, if necessary and safety permits (PIII B2) 16) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 17) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 18) Remain well clear of running water, embankments, dikes, bridges, & slide prone areas 19) Remote Site: If injuries, plan at least a 24-48 hour rescue timeframe (PII B - PIII D) 20) Remote Site: If unable travel, secure shelter & water, ration food until rescue 21) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 22) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 23) Secure property for which unit is responsible; when safe 24) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps 25) Refer to Part III A6 Mud & Landslides, condition may now be conducive for slides
A83 PART III NOTE 1: Flood Alerts - Flood Watch: Indicates flooding (inundation of normally dry areas caused by increased water levels in a river, stream or drainage ditch or from ponding of water at or near the point where rain fell) may become possible in or close to the watch area. - Flood Warning: When flooding (inundation of normally dry areas caused by increased water levels in a river, stream, or drainage ditch or from ponding of water at or near the point where rain fell) is actually occurring or is imminent in the warning area. A flood warning will often contain river stage (level) forecasts. - River Flood Advisory: Issued for designated points (those that have formal gauging sites and established flood stages) along rivers where minor flooding is possible. - River Flood Watch: Issued for designated points (those that have formal gauging sites and established flood stages) along rivers where significant flooding may become possible. - River Flood Warning: Issued for designated points (those that have formal gauging sites and established flood stages) along rivers where significant flooding is imminent or is in progress. This warning often specifies crest information, which usually occurs six hours or later after the triggering event. This type of flooding event usually is associated with widespread heavy rain and/or snowmelt or ice jams. - Lakeshore Flood Statement: Provides general information pertinent to Lakeshore Flood events. - Lakeshore Flood Advisory: Alerts residents along one of the Great Lakes that minor flooding is possible, exceeding normal lake levels. - Lakeshore Flood Watch: Alerts residents along one of the Great Lakes that significant flooding may become possible, exceeding normal lake levels. - Lakeshore Flood Warning: Alerts residents along one of the Great Lakes that flooding is either imminent or occurring, exceeding normal lake levels. This flooding may impact the immediate lakefront, bays, and the other connecting waterways, such as rivers. - Hydrologic Statement: Issued after either a Flood Watch or a Flood Warning has been issued and provides the latest information on the flooding situation or event. Notes: ______
A84 PART III A6 MUD & LANDSLIDES - Activated or initiated by: storms, earthquakes, volcanoes, fires, alternate freeze & thaw, and steepening of slopes caused by erosion or human modification (Ref PIII A5) -- Slopes with no vegetation, loose soil, and/or areas of previous slides are high risk - Proceed to alternate area and execute Alternate Plan (PI D & PIII E1) -- There is no reason for a Scouting activity/event to continue with these conditions - Danger: DO NOT USE A FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks, as applicable
A6.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map displaying planning details i.e. ID high risk areas for mud or landslides (PI D4) - Personal Locator Beacons (w/GPS preferred), shovels
A6.b Mud & Landslide Watches and Warnings (Closely associated with flooding alerts) Watch: Conditions may become favorable for development of slides in susceptible regions. Warning: Conditions favorable for development of slides in susceptible regions.
A6.c Mudslide and Landslide Contingency Severity of this emergency requires some items be well briefed and memorized 1) Monitor forecast, constantly evaluate conditions and areas conducive to slides 2) Indentify Safe Areas; areas completely protected & away from slides and flooding Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple Safe Routings away from slide areas (PII B1) 4) Identify & inform all of ERPs, best collocated at Safe Areas (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 6) Review & practice using safety gear, ensure Personal Locator Beacons are working 7) Direct participants to travel in groups of two or more, Buddy System 8) Continuously monitor conditions once a WATCH is issued for the area 9) Remove participants and equipment from danger areas, immediately 10) Cancel, Skip to Item 24…OR…continue with Item 11 11) Proceed with Alternate Plan, if safe and viable (PI & PII B & PIII E1) 12) Warn all once an avalanche WARNING is issued or slides are detected 13) EVERYONE TO SAFE AREAS, IMMEDIATELY, if possible 14) IF CAUGHT IN A SLIDE, TRY TO GET OFF SLAB or GRAB A STANDING TREE 15) IF SWEPT AWAY, CURL UP IN A BALL TO PROTECT HEAD & NECK 16) Rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit is separated & account for participants 17) Notify Emergency Services of status (Prt I D); turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 18) Evaluate hazards before attempting any search, such an Area Is Extremely Dangerous 19) Organize search & rescue effort; only if it is safe to do so (PIII B2) 20) Remote Site: If injuries, plan at least a 24-48 hour rescue timeframe (PII B & PIII D) 21) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 22) Inform Home Base Leader of situation and status 23) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 24) Secure property for which unit is responsible; if able and safety permits 25) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
A85 PART III A7 WINTER STORMS & BLIZZARDS - Low visibility, winds, and drifting & heavy snow accumulations are some of the dangers - Common danger of all winter hazards is extreme cold, frostbite, and hypothermia - Danger: Carbon Monoxide from heat source using flame in enclosed area, must ventilate -- Structures with running water may experience pipes bursting due to freezing
A7.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map/Diagram showing shelter locations etc. (PI D4) - Warm clothing & footgear, wind breaks/shelters, heaters, etc.
A7.b Winter Advisories and Warnings Various bulletins describe storm information; stay informed prior to and during event (Note 1)
A7.c Winter Storm Contingency 1) Determine WX forecast (PI E) 2) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 & 3 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 20 if Canceling; or continue with Item 3] 3) Indentify Safe Areas; wind breaks/shelters Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______4) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 6) Monitor conditions & WX reports once an Advisory/WATCH is issued 7) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 & 3 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 20 if Canceling; continue with Item 8] 8) Secure structures, gear, & equipment for high winds & drifting snow 9) Establish rope-lines between shelters, as necessary 10) Ensure supplies for several days beyond planned; food, fuel, batteries, etc. (PI F) 11) Ensure snow & ice removal equipment are easily accessible (PI F & PII B1) 12) Limit personnel movements to immediate site area only 13) Minimize skin exposure, monitor Wind Chill (Appendix B & PI E1) 14) Restrict all activities once a WX WARNING is issued or conditions worsen 15) Move personnel to Safe Areas/shelters 16) Account for all participants; as it applies, turn water main off or leave a constant flow 17) Remain in shelter until storm is over 18) Cancel, Skip to Item 20…OR…continue with Item 19 19) Proceed with Alternate/revised Plan (PI & PIII E1) 20) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 21) Notify Emergency Services of situation, as necessary (PI D) 22) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 23) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 24) Remote Site: If canceling, move to Evac Point inform Home Base (PII B & PIII D) 25) Remote Site: If unable evac, find shelter & wait for storm to end, notify Home Base 26) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 27) Secure property for which unit is responsible; when safe 28) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
A86 PART III NOTE 1: Winter Storm Alerts - Winter Weather Advisory: When a low pressure system produces a combination of winter weather (snow, freezing rain, sleet, etc.) that presents hazardous conditions, but does not meet warning criteria. - Winter Storm Watch: There is a potential for heavy snow or significant ice accumulations, usually at least 24-36 hours in advance. The criteria for this watch can vary from place to place. - Winter Storm Warning: Winter storm is producing or forecast to produce heavy snow or significant ice accumulation. Criteria for this warning can vary from place to place. - Blizzard Watch: When sustained winds or frequent gusts to 35 mph or greater and considerable falling and/or blowing snow, (reducing visibility frequently to less than 1/4-mile) may become possible for a period of three hours or longer. - Blizzard Warning: When sustained winds or frequent gusts to 35 mph or greater and considerable falling and/or blowing snow (reducing visibility frequently to less than 1/4-mile) is occurring or is expected to occur for a period of three hours or longer. - Lake-Effect Snow Advisory: When pure lake-effect snow (not because of a low pressure system) may pose a hazard. The criterion for this advisory varies from area to area. - Lake-Effect Snow and Blowing Snow Advisory: When pure lake-effect snow (not because of a low pressure system) may pose a hazard in combination with wind driven snow. The criterion for this advisory varies from area to area. - Lake-Effect Snow Watch: When a hazardous amount of pure lake-effect snow (not because of a low pressure system) may become possible. - Lake-Effect Snow Warning: When a hazardous amount of pure lake-effect snow (not because of a low pressure system) is falling or expected to fall. Notes: ______
A87 PART III A8 ICE STORMS - Dangerous travel conditions, falling tree, loss of power, and more define hazards - Common danger of all winter hazards is extreme cold, frostbite, and hypothermia - Danger: Carbon Monoxide from heat source using flame in enclosed area, must ventilate -- Structures with running water may experience pipes bursting due to freezing
A8.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map/Diagram showing shelter locations etc. (Part I D4) - Warm clothing & footgear, wind breaks/shelters, heaters, tire chains/cables, etc.
A8.b Advisories and Warnings (Additional Alerts: see A7 Note 1) Freezing Rain Advisory: Freezing rain or drizzle is forecasted, no significant accumulation is expected. Even small amounts of freezing rain or drizzle may cause significant travel problems. Ice Storm Warning: Freezing rain produces a significant and potentially damaging accumulation of ice. Criteria for this warning varies from state to state, typically it will be issued any time more than 1/4-inch of ice is expected to accumulate in an area.
A8.c Ice Storm Contingency 1) Determine WX forecast (PI E) 2) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 & 3 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 16 if Canceling; or continue with Item 3] 3) Indentify Safe Areas; shelters Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______4) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 5) Store and secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 6) Monitor conditions, WX news, & Wind Chill once issued Advisory (PI E - Appendix B) 7) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 & 3 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 16 if Canceling; or continue with Item 8] 8) Brace structures/shelters for ice accumulation, avoid tree & limb fall areas 9) Ensure supplies for several days beyond planned; food, fuel, batteries, etc. (PI F) 10) Ensure ice & snow removal equipment are easily accessible (PI F & PII B1) 11) Move to Safe Areas/shelters, once WX WARNING is issued or conditions worsen 12) Account for all participants; as it applies, turn water main off or leave a constant flow 13) Remain in shelter until storm is over 14) Cancel, Skip to Item 16…OR…continue with Item 15 15) Proceed with Alternate/revised Plan (PI & PIII E1) 16) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 17) Attempt to rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit becomes separated 18) Notify Emergency Services of situation, as necessary (PI D) 19) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 20) Remote Site: If canceling, move to Evac Point inform Home Base (PII B & PIII D) 21) Remote Site: If unable evac, find shelter area & wait for storm end, notify Home Base 22) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 23) Secure property for which unit is responsible; when safe to do so 24) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
A88 PART III A9 SNOW AVALANCHES - Areas with fresh accumulations of wind-driven snow are particularly vulnerable - Extremely steep slopes particularly in shaded areas near a ridge are high risk - Proceed to alternate area and execute Alternate Plan (Part I D & Part III E1) -- There is no purpose for a Scouting activity/event to continue under these conditions - Danger: DO NOT USE A FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks, as applicable
A9.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map displaying planning details i.e. high risk areas for avalanche (Part I D4) - Personal Locator Beacons (w/GPS preferred), small shovels, and long poll probes
A9.b Avalanche Watches and Warnings Watch: Conditions may become favorable for development of avalanches in mountain regions. Warning: Conditions favorable for development of avalanches in mountain regions.
A9.c Avalanche Contingency Severity of this emergency requires some items be well briefed and memorized 1) Determine avalanche forecast, constantly evaluate avalanche conditions 2) Indentify Safe Areas; areas completely protected from avalanches Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple Safe Routings away from avalanche areas (PII B1) 4) Identify & inform all of ERPs, best collocated at Safe Areas (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 6) Review & practice using safety gear, ensure Personal Locator Beacons are working 7) Direct participants to travel in groups of two or more, Buddy System 8) Continuously monitor conditions once a WATCH is issued for the area 9) Remove participants and equipment from danger areas, immediately 10) Cancel, Skip to Item 24…OR…continue with Item 11 11) Proceed with Alternate Plan, if safe and viable (PI & PII B & PIII E1) 12) Warn all once an avalanche WARNING is issued or slides are detected; NO loud noise 13) EVERYONE TO SAFE AREAS, IMMEDIATELY, if possible 14) IF CAUGHT IN A SLIDE, TRY TO GET OFF SLAB or GRAB A TREE 15) IF SWEPT AWAY, SWIM TO THE SURFACE 16) Rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit is separated; account for all participants 17) Notify Emergency Services of status (Prt I D); turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 18) Evaluate avalanche hazard before attempting any search 19) Organize search & rescue effort; if safety permits (PIII B2) 20) Remote Site: If injuries, plan at least a 24-48 hour rescue timeframe (PII B & PIII D) 21) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 22) Inform Home Base Leader of situation and status 23) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 24) Secure property for which unit is responsible; when safe 25) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
A89 PART III A10 COASTAL HAZARDS (other than Hurricanes & Tropical Storms, see Part III A11) - Tidal flooding, high surf, rip currents, water spouts can make coastlines hazardous - Storms create many hazards while remaining miles offshore, therefore less obvious - Danger: DO NOT USE A FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks, as applicable
A10.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Mass notification/alarm system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc. - Map/Diagram displaying planning details i.e. high ground, drainage, currents etc. (Part I D4) - Water rescue gear i.e. rope, rescue buoy, boat, life preservers, etc.
A10.b Coastal Advisories and Warnings Multiple WX bulletins relay coastal hazards; stay informed prior to and during event (Note 1)
A10.c Coastal Contingency 1) Determine high tide, tidal flooding, and high surf zones (PI D4) 2) Indentify Safe Areas; sturdy high ground not easily cut off from escape routes Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify Safe Routing from coast; avoid bridges & ferries, if possible (PII B1) 4) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas (PII B1) 6) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 7) Monitor conditions & WX reports once an Advisory is issued for the area 8) Remove participants and equipment from surf & tide zones and low lying areas 9) Cancel, if conditions exceed limits set in Part I E2 & 3 (ref. PIII A1 & E1) [Skip to Item 20 if Canceling; or continue with Item 10] 10) Post Unit Life Guards or Leaders near planned shore use & water access areas 11) Ensure rescue gear is at the ready (PI F1 & PII B1) 12) Monitor shoreline for rip currents, check with area Life Guards & local officials 13) Restrict entering surf/water areas if unsure of currents &/or conditions worsen 14) Raise alarm once a WX WARNING is issued or a hazard is detected 15) Account for all participants; turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 16) Direct all personnel to Safe Areas, as necessary 17) Cancel, Skip to Item 20…OR…Proceed to Item 18 18) Cease all water/shore activity and exit immediate shore & surf areas 19) Proceed with Alternate Plan (PI & PIII E1) 20) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 21) Attempt to rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit becomes separated 22) Notify Emergency Services of situation, as necessary (PI D) 23) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 24) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 25) Remote Site: If reliant on watercraft, then early evac is necessary (PII B & PIII D) 26) Remote Site: If unable evac, move to high ground, secure gear until rescue 27) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 28) Secure property for which unit is responsible; when safe 29) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
A90 PART III NOTE 1: Marine Coastal Alerts - Coastal Flood Statement: Provides general information pertinent to Coastal Flood events. - Coastal Flood Advisory: Alerts residents along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf Coasts that minor flooding is possible, exceeding normal high tide levels. - Coastal Flood Watch: Alerts residents along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf Coasts that significant coastal flooding may become possible, exceeding normal high tide levels. - Coastal Flood Warning: Alerts residents along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf Coasts that coastal flooding is either imminent or occurring, exceeding normal high tide levels. This flooding may impact the immediate oceanfront, gulfs, bays, back bays, sounds, and tidal portions of river mouths and inland tidal waterways. - Marine Weather Statement: Provides follow-up information on Special Marine Warnings, describe short duration, non-severe, but potentially hazardous conditions that may make small craft handling difficult, provide information for a variety of conditions not covered by warnings or routine forecasts (e.g. low water conditions, dense fog, etc.), and/or discuss increasing or decreasing winds and to convey details on possible later warnings. - Special Marine Warning: For hazardous weather conditions (thunderstorms over water, thunderstorms that will move over water, cold air funnels over water, squall lines or waterspouts) usually of short duration (two hours or less) and producing sustained winds or frequent gusts of 34 knots or more. - Lake Wind Advisory: Expected winds of 20-25 mph or gusts of 30-39 mph, causing a rough chop on area lakes. Small boats may be especially prone to capsizing. - Gale Watch: Surface winds or frequent gusts of 34 -47 kts (39-54 mph), may become possible. - Gale Warning: Sustained surface winds or frequent gusts of 34-47 kts (39-54 mph), are occurring or likely to occur, and not directly associated with a tropical cyclone. Conditions will be hazardous to commercial vessels and extremely hazardous to small craft. - Hazardous Seas Watch: Waves with extreme steepness may become possible. - Hazardous Seas Warning: Waves with extreme steepness are imminent or occurring. Shallow waters are likely to be very dangerous to navigate. - High Surf Advisory: Breaking wave action poses a threat to life and property within the surf zone. High surf criteria vary by region. - High Surf Warning: Breaking wave action results in an especially heightened threat to life and property within the surf zone. High surf criteria vary by region. Notes: ______
A91 PART III A11 HURRICANES (and Tropical Storms, Note 1) - CANCEL activity/event for any category Hurricane forecasted for the area (Appendix B) - Hurricanes can spawn Tornados, Flooding, &/or other WX hazards - Public is generally provided ample warning of these storms - There is no purpose for a Scouting activity/event to occur with these conditions - Danger: DO NOT USE A FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks
A11.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map/Diagram displaying planning details i.e. evacuation routes (Part I D4 & Part II B)
A11.b Hurricane Watches and Warnings32 (Additional Alerts: Note 2) Watch: Hurricane conditions (sustained winds greater than 73 mph) are possible in the watch area within 36 hours Warning: Hurricane conditions to be in the warning area in 24 hours or less
A11.c Hurricane Contingency 1) Determine Hurricane evacuation routes (PI D4 & PII B) 2) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 3) Maintain Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at ERPs or close hand (PII B1) 4) Monitor conditions & WX reports for the planned area 5) Cancel, once a WATCH is issued for the area (refer to PIII A1 & E1) 6) Proceed with Alternate Plan, if safe and viable (PI & PII B & E1) 7) Cancel all activities, upon WARNING issued for the area (ref PII B & PIII A1 & E1) 8) Execute Recovery Plan, as required account for all departing area (PII B4 & PIII E2) 9) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps 10) Account for all unit members if they & their families are evacuating the region 11) Secure unit property, turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 12) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 13) Remote Site: proceed to end pt by fastest pace, inform Home Base (PII B2 & PIII D) 14) Remote Site: If necessary, travel to closest Evac Point, inform Home Base
NOTE 1:33 Tropical Storm Watch - Tropical storm conditions with sustained winds from 39 to 73 mph are possible in the watch area within the next 36 hours Tropical Storm Warning - Tropical storm conditions to be in the warning area within the next 24 hours
NOTE 2: Additional Tropical & Hurricane Storm Alerts - Tropical Weather Statement: Provides general updates related to a tropical storm or hurricane. - Tropical Storm Wind Watch: For inland counties when sustained winds of 39-73 mph associated with a tropical storm are possible within 36 hours. - Tropical Storm Wind Warning: For inland counties when sustained winds of 39-73 mph associated with a tropical storm are occurring or expected within 24 hours. - Hurricane Wind Watch: For inland counties when sustained winds of 74 mph or greater associated with a hurricane are possible within 36 hours. - Hurricane Wind Warning: For inland counties when sustained winds of 74 mph or greater associated with a hurricane are occurring or expected within 24 hours. - Typhoon Watch/Warning: Similar to Hurricane Watch/Warning, except issued in the Western Pacific Ocean.
32 National Weather Service (2009). National Weather Service Glossary. NHC. May 5, 2009, National Hurricane Center: http://www.weather.gov/glossary/ 33 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “
A92 PART III A12 EARTHQUAKES & TSUNAMIS (Tidal Waves) - Little or NO WARNING for Earthquakes, they vary in magnitude (Appendix B) (Note 1) - Tsunamis are mostly connected to seismic activity, occurring hundreds of miles from epicenter - Evacuate coastlines as soon as possible after a quake or a quake bulletin that effects the area - Danger: DO NOT USE A FLAME FOR LIGHTING, in case of gas leaks
A12.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map/Diagram displaying planning details i.e. evacuation routes (Part I D4)
A12.b Tsunami Bulletin: A tsunami (an ocean wave that may reach enormous dimensions, produced by a sub-marine earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption) is possible or imminent.
A12.c Earthquake & Tsunamis Contingency Severity of this emergency requires some items be well briefed and memorized 1) Determine and identify evacuation routes (PI D4 & PII B) 2) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 3) Maintain Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at ERPs or close hand (PII B1) 4) Monitor news reports for the planned area 5) Cancel, if an earthquake occurs (PIII E1)…IF SHAKING BEGINS34 6) DROP DOWN, TAKE COVER UNDER DESK OR TABLE, HOLD ON 7) REMAIN IN BED IF THERE, PROTECT HEAD WITH PILLOW, HOLD ON 8) REMAIN CLEAR OF WINDOWS & BOOKCASES/FURNITURE THAT CAN FALL 9) REMAIN INDOORS UNTIL SHAKING STOPS AND SURE IT IS SAFE TO EXIT 10) EXPECT ALARMS & SPRINKLERS TO GO OFF IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS 11) FIND CLEARING FROM BUILDINGS, TREES, & POWER LINES; DROP DOWN 12) SLOW CAR, DRIVE TO CLEARING, REMAIN IN CAR UNTIL SHAKING STOPS 13) LEAVE COASTLINE, LOW AREAS, DOWNSTREAM OF DAMS, LAKE SHORES 14) Turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 15) Attempt to rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit becomes separated 16) Notify Emergency Services of situation, as necessary (PI D) 17) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 18) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 19) Review Cancelation/Alternate Plan Checklist Part III E1, as applicable 20) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 21) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 22) Account for all unit members if they & their families are evacuating the region 23) Secure unit property, as safety permits 24) Remote Site: If necessary, travel to closest Evac Point, inform Home Base 25) Remote Site: If injuries, plan at least a 24-48 hour rescue timeframe (PII B & PIII D) 26) Review Part III A5 & A10 for Flooding & Coastal Hazards actions/mitigations
34 National Geographic (2009). Earthquake Safety Tips: Keeping Safe. January 25, 2009, National Geographic Society: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/earthquake-safety-tips/
A93 PART III NOTE 1: Greatest Dangers of an Earthquake35 The four greatest dangers that exist from an earthquake are the effects of the ground shaking, the effects of ground displacement, flooding, and fire 1) Actual "quaking" of the earth seldom causes death or injury. Most casualties result from the effects of the ground shaking, such as collapsing walls, falling glass, or falling objects during a quake. 2) Ground displacement includes landslides and mudslides, avalanches, and destructive oceanic waves, such as a tsunami. 3) Flooding may occur in the form of flash floods, the result of the breaking of a dam or river levee. Also, tsunamis inundate coastal areas, doing catastrophic damage to the coastline. On a lake shaken by an earthquake, seiches, similar to an oceanic tsunami but on a smaller scale, can flood the shoreline. 4) Fires started by broken gas and/or power lines. If water mains are also broken, then putting out these fires becomes more difficult. In countries where wood or coal is used as a heating source, tipped over stoves can start fires. Notes: ______
35 The Weather Channel (2009). Earthquakes: Are You at Risk? (2009). weather.com. July 14, 2009, TWC: http://www.weather.com/outlook/wxready/articles/id-48
A94 PART III A13 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY - Eruptions present Limited Warning - Avoid Active Volcanoes - Volcanic acitivity is linked to seismic activity, see Part III A12 - Dangers: blast, lava, falling debris, earthquake, mud & Pyroclastic flows, ash, toxic gas
A13.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local WX warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Map/Diagram displaying planning details i.e. evacuation routes (Part I D4 & Part II B) - Goggles or eye protection, nose & mouth masks, flashlights
A13.b Volcano Bulletin: Indicate a volcanic eruption is possible or imminent; also hazards associated with an active volcano, i.e. lava, ash clouds, tremors, &/or flooding from snow melt
A13.c Volcano Contingency Severity of this emergency requires some items be well briefed and memorized 1) Determine evacuation routes (PI D4 & PII B) 2) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 3) Maintain Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at ERPs or close hand (PII B1) 4) Monitor news bulletins for the planned area 5) Cancel, if unusual/above normal activity occurs…OR…continue with Item 6 [Skip to Item 17 if Canceling] 6) Proceed with Alternate Plan, if safe & viable…IF ERUPTION OCCURS36 7) EVACUATE, follow routing recommended by authorities 8) WEAR LONG SLEEVES & LONG PANTS 9) DON GOGGLES OR EYEGLASSES, REMOVE CONTACTS 10) DON EMERGENCY MASK OR USE A DAMP CLOTH OVER FACE 11) REMAIN CLEAR OF LAVA, ASH, FLOWS, AND OTHER HAZARDS 12) AVOID RIVER AREAS AND LOW-LYING REGIONS 13) NOT EVACUATING; REMAIN IN SHELTER, PLUG OPENINGS, BLOCK ASH 14) KEEP ROOF SWEPT CLEAR, WEAR PROTECTION (ash is dense and heavy) 15) STAY UNDER 35 MPH, IF REQUIRED TO DRIVE IN ASH (reduces engine damage) 16) Attempt to rally at ERP 1 or 2, as necessary, if unit becomes separated 17) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able 18) Notify Emergency Services of situation, as necessary (PI D) 19) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 20) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 21) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 22) Review Cancelation/Alternate Plan Checklist Part III E1, as applicable 23) Account for all unit members if they & their families are evacuating the region 24) Secure unit property, as safety permits, turn off gas, water, & electric 25) Remote Site: Move cross & then up wind from area, info Home Base (PI E & PIII D) 26) Remote Site: If able, travel to closest Evac Point, inform Home Base
36 National Geographic (2009). Volcano Safety Tips: Keeping Safe. January 25, 2009, National Geographic Society: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/volcano-safety-tips/
A95 PART III Section B: Human Factors & Manmade Disasters
B1 INDIVIDUAL(S) LOST, SEPARATED, STRANDED, or MISSING - Checklist aids leadership in managing a situation for individual(s) who are unaccounted for - Only conduct a search &/or rescue under the most dire of circumstances, See Part III B2 - Call 911 or contact authorities ASAP, regardless of the situation
B1.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication - Sound system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc - Flashlights, signaling devices, GPS or compass, and Map or Chart of area (Part I D4)
B1.b Lost, Separated, Stranded, or Missing Person(s) Preventative steps: - Enforce the BSA Buddy System - Conduct frequent headcounts 1) Upon determining missing person(s); STOP, collect group/unit in one area; note the time 2) Verify who and number of those not accounted for; conduct headcount and roll call 3) Have adult leaders conduct a hasty search of immediate area, within eyesight of group 4) Sound warning whistle/horn to assist person(s) in finding unit position, if possible 5) Listen for person(s) emergency whistle, if heard, send only 3 adults/leaders, as able - IF found, but unable to move, 1 remains & 2 report back to group; SKIP to ITEM 11 or → →If injuries, Notify Authorities & Administer First Aid →EXIT THIS CHECKLIST, USE CHECKLIST Part III B4 & ref Part II B 6) Notify Authorities, if persons are not immediately recovered, cease further searches 7) Direct leaders &/or authorities to check ERPs, start/entry & end/exit points 8) For a mall or enclosed type environment attempt to cover exits with adults/leaders 9) Do not proceed further until authorities and search teams have arrived - Camp/remain in place, if practical - If time &/or safety concerns then proceed; if able, have 3 adults remain until authorities arrive 10) Notify Home Base Leader of situation; Home Base will notify parents, as applicable 11) Delay or Cancel planned activity (PIII C1 &/or E1) [Skip to Item 19 if Canceling; or if delaying continue with Item 12] 12) Account for and hold all participants in one area; review Part III C1 & D 13) If Critical to Life & Safety will permit; Organize search effort, follow Part III B2 - Do Not Risk more losses and possible injury, primary concern is remaining participants 14) Proceed when individual(s) are recovered or when time or safety factors become critical 15) If injuries, remain until rescue arrives or if critical & able, then move to nearest Evac Pt 16) Notify Authorities of situation; notify Home Base Leader and advise of status 17) Remote Site: Rescue teams may not arrive for several hours, be prepared for long stay 18) Remote Site: If injuries, plan at least a 24-48 hour rescue timeframe (PII B & PIII D) 19) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 20) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 21) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1
A96 PART III B2 EMERGENCY SEARCH PROCEDURES - Procedures are only a guide for use in an emergency - Lacking formal training in search & rescue, units must consider the inherent additional risks - Before conducting a search and/or rescue; attempt to contact 911 or authorities ASAP
B2.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication and a GPS &/or compass - Sound system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc - First Aid supplies & seasonable clothing (include rain gear &/or cold WX gear as applicable) - Rope & tools (saw, ax, etc. - highly dependant on situation as to what may be required) - Flashlights, signaling devices, marking tape or flags, and Map or Chart of area (Part I D4)
B2.b Emergency Search Procedures 1) Identify who & how many are missing & their last known position; Note the Time 2) Contact authorities, security, and/or rangers, call 911 if able to do so 3) Inform searchers of person(s) dress & appearance, & noted habits & health concerns 4) Adult leaders, conduct hasty search in immediate area, if not previously accomplished 5) Sound warning whistle/horn to assist person(s) in finding unit position, if possible 6) Listen for person(s) emergency whistle, IF heard, send 3 adults/leaders, as able - IF found but cannot be moved, 1 remains & 2 returns to report back; SKIP to ITEM 21 or → →If injuries, EXIT CHECKLIST, USE CHECKLIST Part III B4 & ref Part II B If individual(s) remain lost, resume checklist with item 7 7) Direct leaders &/or authorities to check ERPs, start/entry & end/exit points 8) For park or mall type environment attempt to cover all exits with adults/leaders 9) Identify and mark last known position of the individual(s), if able - Post a leader/adult here, if practical, incase they should return - If time &/or safety concerns require moving, clearly mark position, leave note if able 10) Establish teams as necessary, led by a leader or adult 11) Equip teams with map, compass, signal device, lights, & if able, a communication device 12) Determine distance individual(s) could have traveled to define extent of search area - Use last known point as center of circle extending to travel distance plus 10% of that distance 13) Identify hazards within area and potential areas where they might be found 14) Develop search plan and divide area into manageable sections, based on # of searchers 15) Notify Authorities of situation and plan; notify Home Base Leader of status; if able 16) Brief search teams on plan, set a stop time and a recovery location 17) Search as a group, do not separate unless absolutely safe to do so 18) Start in sections where individual(s) will most likely be found & proceed out from there 19) Mark off sections once that area has been searched, using marking tape, flags, etc. 20) Halt search when time or safety factors become critical or recovery of individual(s) - IF found but cannot be moved, if safe move unit to that location; SKIP to ITEM 21 or → →If injuries, EXIT CHECKLIST, USE CHECKLIST Part III B4 & ref Part II B 21) Delay or Cancel planned activity (PIII C1 &/or E1) 22) Notify Home Base Leader of situation; Home Base notifies parents, as applicable 23) If injuries, remain until rescue arrives or if critical, & able, move to nearest Evac Pt 24) Remote Site: SAR teams may not arrive for several hours, be prepared for long stay 25) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 26) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 27) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1
A97 PART III B3 UNIT IS LOST, SEPARATED, or STRANDED (if lost individuals see Part III B1 & B2) - Procedures are a guide only, it is just as crucial to use good judgment & common sense - Make every attempt to call 911 or contact authorities before using these procedures
B3.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication and a GPS &/or compass - Sound system/device i.e. bullhorn, air horn, loud speakers, whistle, bell, etc - First Aid supplies & seasonable clothing (include rain gear &/or cold WX gear as applicable) - Rope & tools (saw, ax, etc. - highly dependant on situation as to what may be required) - Flashlights, signaling devices, marking tape or flags, and Map or Chart of area (Part I D4)
B3.b Lost Unit Procedures 1) STOP, immediately, once recognizing unit is not on planned route or with main group 2) Account for all participants, maintain unit integrity, reinforce Buddy System 3) DO NOT proceed further in any direction 4) Attempt to positively determine current location/position
If Able to Positively Determine Location/Position 5) Plan a route to regain planned trail, using the most likely path 6) Determine if adequate daylight remains, if not proceed at first light 7) Notify main/lead group and arrange rendezvous, if applicable and able 8) Notify Home Base of status and new plan, if able 9) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D) 10) Proceed; mark trail to aid backtracking &/or SAR Teams 11) Refer to Part III C1 “Unable to Maintain Trek/Travel Schedule”
If Unable to Positively Determine Location/Position 12) Proceed to nearest & highest point within immediate eyesight, if possible 13) Orient map with north and surrounding area use significant observable landmarks 14) Triangulate position with noted landmarks, do not proceed unless position is verified 15) Plan route to nearest verifiable landmark in the direction of the original route 16) Calculate time and distance to the identified landmark 17) Determine if adequate daylight remains, if not proceed at first light 18) Notify main/lead group and arrange rendezvous, if applicable and able 19) Notify Home Base of status and plan, if able 20) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary and able (PI D) 21) Proceed to identified landmark, mark trail to aid backtracking &/or SAR Teams 22) Arrive at identified landmark within calculated time & distance, verify position 23) Plan a route to original trail, use most likely path; proceed only if certain of position 24) Determine if adequate daylight remains, if not proceed at first light 25) Continue marking trail 26) Notify main/lead group and arrange rendezvous, if applicable and able 27) Notify Home Base of status and plan, if able 28) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D) 29) Refer to Part III C1 “Unable to Maintain Trek/Travel Schedule”
If Unable to Positively Verify Identified Landmarks &/or Location/Position 30) STOP - Abort activity; Declare an EMERGENCY (PII B & PIII D) 31) Initiate Crisis Planning per Part III D, decide on Plan of Action 32) Notify main/lead group, if applicable and able
A98 PART III 33) Notify Home Base of status and plan, if able 34) Notify appropriate park/land agency, if able (PI D) 35) Establish campsite in nearest open area/field, with water source 36) DO NOT proceed unless certain of current position and planned routing 37) Prepare signal fires, if conditions permit, and ready them for immediate use 38) Layout ground signals for airborne SAR 39) Ration supplies until rescue, MAINTAIN A POSITIVE MENTAL ATTITUDE 40) Remote Area: Shelter, supplies, & good morale are crucial for survival 41) A Scout is Reverent, have faith; this will aid moral 42) Use Safety Heading (PII B1) only as last resort, NO GUARANTEE of RESCUE 43) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 44) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 45) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
Additional Considerations: - NEVER assume your location when lost, always verify it with a disciplined certainty - Continuing travel when unsure of position significantly reduces chances for a rapid rescue - Changing environments & conditions complicate being lost; occurrences like reduced visibilities, hidden or obscured landmarks, blocked trails, etc. will impede progress, under these circumstances, it may be best to shelter in-place until the situation improves or until rescue or devise a new plan. - Continuously revaluate supplies, ensure enough remains to complete your plan Notes: ______
A99 PART III B4 PARTICIPANT INJURY or ILLNESS - Checklist aids leadership in managing a serious injury/illness, it does not replace judgment - A serious injury/illness is an EMERGENCY; Call 911 or authorities as soon as possible
B4.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication, a GPS &/or map and compass - First Aid Kit & supplies (dependant on situation as to what may be required) - Flashlights and signaling devices
B4.b Participant Injury or Illness Checklist Severity of this emergency requires some items be achieved simultaneously 1) Is situation life threatening?→NO→SKIP to ITEM 3 2) YES - Declare an EMERGENCY, Perform Immediate First Aid, as able Contact Emergency Services (911)…if unable; send for help Send 3 capable & knowledgeable persons; 1 to lead rescuers back and 2 return & confirm Make every attempt to stabilize the person(s); Initiate Crisis Planning, Part III D ONLY attempt to transport injured/ill to medical services as a last resort If forced to transport, move to nearest location or closest Evac Pt by safest means & route Other Factors and Considerations 3) Can person(s) be treated with available means?→ 4) YES; Treat individual(s), then proceed to nearest medical facility; SKIP to ITEM 8 or 5) NO→Can you safely transport injured to nearest medical facility? (PI D)→ 6) YES; Proceed with caution to nearest facility (PI D & PII B); SKIP to ITEM 8 or 7) NO→SEE ITEM 2 above, it is SERIOUS; person cannot be treated or transported ALWAYS DO THE FOLLOWING: 8) Tag person(s) with their name, DOB, injury/illness, insurance & contact info (PIII E2.d) 9) Provide rescue team with SOAP37 notes for injured/ill person(s), as able; See PIII E2.e 10) Notify Home Base of status and adjusted plans & routes, ASAP 11) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D) 12) AVOID using unplanned/altered route prior to informing Home Base or agency 13) Refer to Part III C1 “Unable to Maintain Trek/Travel Schedule” 14) Remote Site: Rescue may take several hours to days, be prepared for long stay 15) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 16) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 17) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
Additional Considerations: - Some illnesses initially appear manageable, use judgment to determine their seriousness; for example, vomiting and diarrhea over hours without fluid retention will cause dehydration, a more serious condition than the initial symptoms and is life threatening if not treated. - Moving &/or transporting injured persons can cause more harm, without knowing the full extent of their injuries; do so only in extreme emergencies or further life threatening circumstances. - Only administer medications or remedies (over the counter, prescribed, or improvised) in a life or death situation under extreme emergencies and/or remote or isolated situations. Make every attempt to do so under the direction of a medical professional and parental/guardian permission.
37 Schimelpfenig, Tod (2006). NOLS Wilderness Medicine. Mechanicsburg, PA: National Outdoor Leadership School and Stackpole Books
A100 PART III B5 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS - Accidents involving a vehicle(s) should always be considered an Emergency -- Call 911 or authorities as soon as possible and when safe to do so
B5.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication, a GPS &/or map and compass - First Aid Kit & supplies, fire extinguishers, window breaker - Tools; tire repair & change, tow strap/chain, electrical & duct tape, fuses, jumper cables - Flashlights and signaling devices
B5.b Vehicle Accident Checklist (with & without injuries) Potential severity of this emergency may require certain items be achieved simultaneously 1) Are their injuries; NO – SKIP to ITEM 3 2) YES; See & follow previous Section B4 “Participant Injury or Illness” Ready & use emergency equipment; fire extinguishers, window breaker, flares, etc. Ensure vehicle(s) are not leaking flammable fluids; if so evacuate area immediately Move uninjured to a safe location, along with any vehicles not involved As injured are treated and/or stabilized, continue checklist with Item 3 3) Can involved vehicle(s) be safely moved from the flow of traffic; NO – SKIP to ITEM 5 - DO NOT move vehicle(s) if there are injuries or legal/law factors to consider 4) YES; Proceed with caution, use emergency flashers; SKIP to ITEM 6 5) Turn on emergency flashers and remain cautious of passing traffic ALWAYS DO THE FOLLOWING: 6) Set flares or flashers to warn oncoming traffic, if safe to do so 7) Ensure there are no additional injuries and prevent further injury 8) Notify emergency services; it is best to obtain an official police report 9) Remove passengers to a nearby safe location, along with vehicles not involved 10) Ensure vehicle registration, insurance, and tour permit information are readily available 11) Record name, license #, address, ph, & insurance info of all involved vehicles & persons 12) Notify Home Base of status and adjusted plans & routes, ASAP 13) Notify parents ASAP, best that news comes from the leadership directly and first AS APPLICABLE: 14) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 15) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps 16) As required, refer to Part II B and Part III C1 & D
Additional Considerations: - Always be prepared and trained to use all of your emergency equipment, fire extinguishers etc. - If capable and safe, take photos of the damage and the involved property and surroundings - Consider alternative transport in case involved vehicles are no longer capable or safe to operate
Notes: ______
A101 PART III B6 DISEASE - EPIDEMIC or PANDEMIC - Most circumstances the public will be forewarned of a potential contagious disease outbreak -- Receiving a warning, CANCEL events and group gatherings to prevent spreading of germs - If a pandemic/epidemic, hospitals & healthcare facilities may be completely overwhelmed -- Depending on the situation, be prepared for civil unrest and a panicked populace - Biological (Bio) attacks will likely occur without prior warning; a worst case scenario
B6.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local news warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication, a GPS &/or map and compass - First Aid kit, water, bleach, bio shield masks (hospital mask), gloves, soap &/or sanitizer - 4 mil or thicker plastic sheets, 10 mil thick duct tape, and scissors, tools - Flashlights, food rations, sanitation items with plastic bags & ties; plan 3 to 10 days, as able
B6.b Disease Contingencies 1) Monitor continuously News & WX reports; note & log wind direction & speed (PI E1) 2) Indentify Safe Areas; for shelter-in-place &/or in case of a Bio type attack Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple safe routes and Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 4) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas, ERPs, or vehicle(s) (PII B1) 5) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 6) Cancel event; once authorities declare a health emergency (ref. PIII E1) 7) Indentify & note symptoms, procedures for treatment, and actions if unaffected 8) Sound alarm, gather participants and account for everyone 9) Use face masks, covering nose & mouth, if available, or use makeshift masks 10) Inform participants of situation, check for possible illness and symptoms 11) Isolate any sick or ill individuals; seek immediate medical assistance, as able 12) Institute strict cleanliness & hygiene practices at all times, use gloves as necessary 13) Remote Site: Do not delay, proceed to exit/end point & Cancel, inform Home Base 14) Remote Site: If illness & can travel; move to nearest Evac Point, coordinate for pickup 15) Remote Site: Unable travel; isolate sick downwind away from camp; send for SAR 16) Remote Site: Prepare for managing fatalities and the disposition of bodies 17) Keep separate, food & water between the well & ill; ensure use of separate waste areas 18) Refer to Part III B4, Participant Injury or Illness; limit human to human contact 19) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base [Skip to Item 25 to Cancel…OR…Continue with Item 20 for BIO ATTACK procedures] 20) Note location of the effected area(s), consider winds & reports (ref PI D4 & E1) 21) Evacuate; move cross & up wind from area; avoid large gatherings (PI E & PIII D) 22) Unable to evacuate; see Part III B7 for sheltering in place procedures Objective is not to seal off the air source, but prevent pathogens from entering HEPA type filters should provide protection from such contaminate Successful sealing would limit the amount of air based on number of persons & room size 23) Inform Emergency Services & Home Base of location, situation, & status (PI D) 24) Execute Crisis Planning, as required, See Part III D, inform Home Base of POA AFTER Authorities Clear People to Move or Give the ALL CLEAR 25) Follow emergency management and law enforcement directions & guidance 26) Avoid large gatherings of people to prevent any further spreading of germs
A102 PART III 27) Seek decontamination &/or medical assistance at facilities identified by authorities 28) Advise participants to receive vaccine(s); if available and they are able & willing to do so 29) If directed by authorities, advise individuals to take preventative meds; if able & willing Only obtain/receive medications from legitimate and competent medical authorities Ensure ‘minors,’ youth participants, have parental/guardian approval, before receiving meds Note: some may refuse medications and/or vaccinations, for personal/religious reasons 30) Update Home Base Leader on location, situation, and status 31) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 32) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 33) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
Additional Considerations: - If authorities decide decontamination is not required, prudence dictates washing to be safe - Bleach, soap, water, and direct sunlight are effective in fighting and eliminating germs -- If using bleach, for safety, use a diluted solution; use a minimum of 1 drop/liter of water --- Keep away from eyes and mouth, and use in a well ventilated area -- For water purification, use non-scented liquid chlorine bleach at 1 drop/liter of water -- Use caution; rinse thoroughly when bleach comes in direct contact with bare skin - Personal body washing -- Use care and thoroughly rinse hair, hair can collect and trap contaminates -- Do not scrub, scrubbing may cause abrasions, permitting contaminates to enter body - After you wash, do not wear the same clothes, put fresh clean items on -- Dispose of the dirty/soiled ones, or clean them thoroughly depending on the circumstance - Some items are best destroyed or disposed of, they will retain/hold contaminates for a long time -- Effective means of destroying items holding Bio Hazards is to burn them --- If burning is not possible, then double bag and seal them and follow disposal instructions -- If unsure, consult with authorities on the proper disposal of contaminated articles Notes: ______
A103 PART III B7 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (HAZMAT) EMERGENCIES & INCIDENTS - Greatest danger for HAZMAT emergencies are gas & fumes, followed by fire & explosion -- Some gases are odorless &/or heavier than air, making them extremely insidious -- Detection & information are keys for survival, observing symptoms may be only indication - Establish the point of origin & wind direction to determine a plan of action - Filter air being breathed, it is better than no attempt, but will not assure survival -- Many commercial type masks &/or filters will not provide a proper level of protection -- Some gases, fumes, & chemicals are not filterable; avoidance is the only option - Solids, liquids, gases; each cause different problems, requiring different solutions/mitigations - Nuclear Emergencies, while similar, require very different actions, See Part III B8
B7.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local news warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication, a GPS &/or map and compass - First Aid kit, water, clean rags or towels - 4 mil or thicker plastic sheets, 10 mil thick duct tape, and scissors, tools, shovels - Flashlights, food rations, sanitation items with plastic bags & ties
B7.b HAZMAT Contingencies Time sensitive emergencies, requiring some actions be accomplished simultaneously 1) Identify locations within a 20 mile radius that store or use HAZMAT (PII B1.a) 2) Indentify Safe Areas; prefer high ground with indoor shelter & upwind of locations Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple safe routs leading cross & up wind from identified locations (PII B1) 4) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at ERPs, Safe Areas, or vehicle(s) (PII B1) 6) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 7) Monitor continuously News & WX reports; note & log wind direction & speed (PI E1) 8) Cancel, upon any HAZMAT emergency/incident within at least 10 miles (ref. PIII E1) 9) Note incident location, determine gas/fume danger area based on winds (ref PI D4 & E1) [Two (2) options; Evacuate continue with Item 10…OR…Shelter-in-Place Skip to Item 20] EVACUATE Provides greatest chance for survival 10) Sound alarm, gather participants; Act Quickly, Time is Critical 11) Use breathing protection; wet cloth over nose & mouth; if available, use mask with filter Eyes & mouth may become irritated; some chemicals will react with moist membranes 12) Account for participants; retrieve missing persons if conditions permit 13) CALL 911 or transport affected individuals to medical aid outside danger area ASAP It is CRITICAL to evacuate the effected area immediately; any delay can prove lethal 14) Proceed to an established rendezvous point using an identified safe route (PII B1.f) If downwind, proceed crosswind first, turn upwind after at least 10 miles from start point Follow and use high ground to the maximum extent practical 15) Follow emergency management and law enforcement directions & guidance 16) Account for everyone upon arriving at rendezvous point 17) Check everyone for exposure symptoms; if noted call 911 or seek immediate medical aid 18) Proceed to nearest aid station or medical facility for possible decontamination process 19) Skip to Item 50…OR…if necessary, continue with Item 20
A104 PART III SHELTER-in-PLACE: Standard Type Structure A Last Resort, if unable to evacuate - Requires a shelter, which can be sealed If unable to rapidly secure shelter, and able, move group to vehicles, Skip to Item 37 20) Sound alarm, gather participants; Act Quickly, Time is Critical 21) Use breathing protection; wet cloth over nose & mouth; if available, use mask with filter Eyes & mouth may become irritated; some chemicals will react with moist membranes 22) Account for participants; retrieve missing persons if conditions permit 23) Proceed to Safe Area & shelter, if able, move everyone to interior room(s) 24) Ensure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) and water are available inside shelter 25) Close & lock all doors & windows; Seal structure with plastic sheeting and duct tape Locking may help create a tighter seal and prevents accidental opening 26) Turn off heating, ventilation &/or air conditioning, and fans to include bathroom fans 27) Close fireplace flu and/or woodstove damper; turn off stove fans and vents 28) Close all heating and air conditioning and bathroom vents 29) Seal doors, windows, vents, electrical outlets/switches, & ducts; anyplace air can filter in Ensure taping to the wall around frames & openings, not just gaps; ensures complete seal 30) Close all interior doors, windows, and vents 31) Seal interior doors, windows, vents, outlets, openings, etc. to prevent internal air flow Successfully sealing a shelter provides limited time based on number of persons & room size Expect at most 3 to 5 hours before CO2 levels rise or contaminated air seeps in 32) Close window shades, blinds, and curtains in case of possible explosions 33) Notify Emergency Services of status & situation, provide location of shelter (PI D) 34) Notify Home Base Leader of location, situation, and status 35) Monitor radio/information source, follow directions of authorities 36) Skip to Item 50…OR…if necessary or required, continue with Item 37
SHELTER-in-PLACE: Use of a Vehicle If unable to rapidly secure shelter or vehicle, you must EVACUATE; SEE Item 9 above 37) Sound alarm, if not already in vehicles, gather participants; Act Quickly 38) Use breathing protection; wet cloth over nose & mouth; if available, use mask with filter Eyes & mouth may become irritated; some chemicals will react with moist membranes 39) Account for participants; retrieve missing persons if conditions permit 40) Stop vehicle, if moving/traveling 41) Distribute persons evenly throughout available vehicles 42) Ensure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) and water are placed inside vehicles 43) Avoid overheating interior, ONLY move vehicles to find shaded areas; avoid low areas 44) Turn engine off, do not operate/run vehicle, conserve battery power 45) Turn off heating or air conditioning and close all vents 46) Close doors & windows; Seal vents using tape & plastic or anything available Sealing a vehicle will only ensure a limited time depending on number of persons inside Once CO2 levels rise or contaminates seep in you will have to move or seek shelter Periodically operating a modern car radio will not deplete power below that needed for starting 47) Notify Emergency Services of status & situation, provide your location (PI D) 48) Notify Home Base Leader of situation and status 49) Monitor radio/information source, follow directions of authorities
A105 PART III Always Perform the Following: 50) Monitor wind direction and speed, keep a log 51) Plot cloud and/or spill areas, keep it updated 52) Update safe route plan, due to change in winds or situation 53) Inform Emergency Services of changes in status, location, or situation (PI D) 54) Maintain contact with Home Base Leader, as able 55) Remote Site: Move cross & then up wind from area, avoid low areas (PI E & PIII D) 56) Remote Site: If able, travel to closest Evac Point outside danger area, info Home Base 57) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 58) Execute Crisis Planning, as required, See Part III D, inform Home Base of POA
Perform the following; AFTER the ALL CLEAR is made by authorities: 59) Proceed to closest medical facility for possible decontamination & treatment 60) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 61) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 62) Direct all to wash their entire body with soap & water ASAP, even if decon not required 63) Recover property; if necessary, & area is declared safe; adults only - NO YOUTH Contamination, Use Caution: opening items such as vehicles, backpacks, tents, bags, etc. 64) Unseal shelters &/or vehicles, use Caution; potential for trapped contaminated air 65) Air out shelters, tents, vehicles, and all enclosed items i.e. sleeping bags 66) Turn on air handling systems (heating or A/C) & fans. thoroughly circulate air Remain outside, in fresh air until, everything has been thoroughly aired, avoid low areas 67) Wash vehicles, gear, clothing, etc. with soap & fresh water, even if decon not required Caution; do not enter or use anything prior to airing & washing 68) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps 69) Refer to Part III B8 Nuclear Incidents & Emergencies, if HAZMAT is nuclear related
Additional Considerations: - Only option when away from shelters & vehicles is to move crosswind and avoid low areas - Even if authorities declare decon is not required, prudence dictates airing & washing to be safe - Personal body washing -- Use care and thoroughly rinse hair, hair can collect and trap contaminated air and particles -- Do not scrub, scrubbing may cause abrasions, permitting contaminates to enter body - After you wash, do not wear the same clothes, put fresh clean items on -- Dispose of the dirty/soiled ones, or clean them thoroughly depending on the circumstance - Fresh air, water, and direct sunlight may be all you need to eliminate some contaminates -- Further decontamination may require time and specialized procedures and materials - Some items are best destroyed or thrown out, they will retain/hold contaminates for a long time -- If unsure, consult with authorities on the proper disposal of contaminated articles --- Double bag and seal them and follow disposal instructions -- Caution: burning some contaminated items may cause harmful &/or lethal smoke & fumes - If near the site of an explosion(s), do not use a flame source due to possible broken gas lines Notes: ______
A106 PART III B8 NUCLEAR EMERGENCIES & INCIDENTS - Danger from nuclear material is radiation; results in burns & internal injuries at the cellular level - Exposure comes from fine particulates, explosion, contact, &/or proximity - Time, Distance, & Shielding are key factors in mitigating the effects of radiation (Appendix B) -- Time: limit the time of your exposure; note - material decays over time, reducing its effect -- Distance: the farther away you are, the less your dose will be; unless downwind from fallout -- Shielding: the more mass the atomic particles must penetrate the less your exposure will be - Establish the point of origin & wind direction to determine a plan of action - Filter air being breathed, ingestion of nuclear particles may be more lethal than external effects -- Any filtering is better than none; do not eat or drink suspected contaminated food & water - See Appendix B “Nuclear Radiation Factors;” See Part III B7 for HAZMAT if not Nuclear
B8.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local news warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication, a GPS &/or map and compass -- Note: a nuclear detonation (i.e. bomb) will cause electronic devices & communications to fail - First Aid kit, water, clean rags or towels or breathing masks and digging tools - Flashlights, food rations, sanitation items with plastic bags & ties (plan for 2 weeks, if able)
B8.b Nuclear Contingencies Time sensitive emergencies, requiring actions be accomplished simultaneously & in advance 1) Identify locations within a 50 mile radius that may present a nuclear hazard (PII B1.a) 2) Indentify Safe Areas; preference to upwind of areas & a solid shelter offering shielding Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple safe routs leading cross &/or up wind from identified areas (PII B1) 4) Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 5) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at ERPs, Safe Areas, or vehicle(s) (PII B1) 6) Establish & inform all of alarm warning notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 7) Monitor continuously News & WX reports; log/note wind direction & speed (PI E1) 8) Cancel, upon any Nuclear type emergency/incident within at least 30 miles (ref. PIII E1) 9) Note incident location, determine dust particle area based on winds (ref PI D4 & E1) [Two (2) options; Evacuate continue with Item 10…OR…Shelter-in-Place Skip to Item 20] EVACUATE Provides greatest chance for survival IF TIME permits 10) Sound alarm, gather participants; Act Quickly, Time is Critical 11) Use breathing protection; wet cloth over nose & mouth; if available, use mask with filter 12) Account for participants; retrieve missing persons if time & conditions permit 13) CALL 911 or transport affected individuals to medical aid outside danger area ASAP It is CRITICAL to evacuate the effected area immediately; any delay can prove lethal 14) Proceed to an established rendezvous point using an identified safe route (PII B1.f) If downwind, proceed crosswind first, turn upwind after at least 20 miles from start point Keep any shielding between you and the source; i.e. structures & natural obstructions 15) Follow emergency management and law enforcement directions & guidance 16) Account for everyone upon arriving at rendezvous point 17) Check everyone for exposure or symptoms; if noted call 911 or seek medical aid 18) Proceed to nearest aid station or medical facility for possible decontamination process 19) Skip to Item 48…OR…if necessary, continue with Item 20
A107 PART III SHELTER-in-PLACE A Last Resort action, if unable to evacuate, Requires shelter with shielding - To protect from radiation, shelters with appropriate shielding should be prepared in advance - See Appendix B “Nuclear Radiation Factors;” research shelter construction/preparation - Sources of radiation can be from blast fallout on roof, windows, doors, ground, and airborne dust - In the case of a nuclear detonation, not a “dirty bomb;” plan for blast & heat effects for survival - Besides fear, a “dirty bomb” spreads radiation in the form of dust to large amounts of material - It is best to rapidly evacuate the immediate blast area of a “dirty bomb,” then seek aid or shelter - Beyond the blast effects of a “dirty bomb” avoid breathing in dust & shield against radiation Whatever the shelter, plan to remain in-place for at least 2 weeks or as long as possible Any shielding is better than none; a vehicle interior does not provide enough shielding 20) Sound alarm, gather participants; Act Quickly, Time is Critical 21) Use breathing protection; if available, a mask & filter or wet cloth over nose & mouth 22) Account for participants; retrieve missing persons if time & conditions permit 23) Proceed to Safe Area shelter; if able, assemble in the lowest interior room(s) The best area will provide the greatest mass of material between you & the radiation source(s) 24) Ensure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) and water are available inside shelter 25) Close & lock all doors & windows; Seal structure with plastic and duct tape Locking may help create a tighter seal and prevents accidental opening 26) Turn off heating, ventilation &/or air conditioning, and fans to include bathroom fans 27) Close fireplace flu and/or woodstove damper; turn off stove fans and vents 28) Close all heating and air conditioning and bathroom vents 29) Seal doors, windows, vents, electrical outlets/switches, & ducts; anyplace dust can enter Be sure to tape around frames & openings, not just cracks/gaps, to ensure a complete total seal 30) Close all interior doors, windows, and vents 31) Seal interior doors, windows, vents, outlets, openings, etc. to reduce internal air flow Objective is not to seal off your air source, but prevent contaminated dust from entering HEPA type filters should provide protection from such contaminated particulates Successful sealing would limit the amount of air based on number of persons & room size 32) Close window shades, blinds, and curtains in case of possible explosions 33) Notify Emergency Services of status & situation, provide location of shelter (PI D) 34) Notify Home Base Leader of location, situation, and status 35) Monitor radio/information source, follow directions of authorities Communications & electronics may be lost in the case of a nuclear weapon(s) detonation 36) Ration food and water; maintain hygiene and cleanliness of shelter, plan for 2 weeks 37) Skip to Item 48…OR…if necessary or required, continue with Item 38 SHELTER-in-PLACE: Hasty Shelter If unable to reach planned shelter or evacuate, then only option is to use/build a hasty shelter - The best hasty shelters are ones requiring little or no preparation, such as: -- Underground Culvert Pipe -- Sewer or Storm Drain, if using a manhole, then a tool may be necessary to remove the cover -- Cave, Tunnel, or Mine Shaft -- Basement or underground garage - See Appendix B: as little as 3 ft of packed soil can provide adequate shielding - A dugout trench with a parked vehicle overtop will make for a survivable shelter Whatever the shelter, plan to remain in-place for at least 2 weeks or as long as possible Any shielding will be better than none; a vehicle interior does not provide adequate shielding 38) Sound alarm, if not already done, gather participants; Act Quickly
A108 PART III 39) Use breathing protection; if available, a mask & filter or wet cloth over nose & mouth 40) Account for participants; retrieve missing persons if time & conditions permit 41) Stop movement and/or traveling 42) Find prepare or build shelter, TIME IS CRITICAL, maximize all available shielding If using a preexisting site/shelter, make efforts to cover/block openings as much as possible 43) Ensure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) and water are placed inside shelter 44) Notify Emergency Services of status & situation, provide your location (PI D) 45) Notify Home Base Leader of location, situation, and status 46) Monitor radio/information source, follow directions of authorities Communications & electronics may be lost in the case of a nuclear weapon(s) detonation 47) Ration food and water; maintain hygiene and cleanliness of shelter, plan for 2 weeks Always Perform the Following: 48) Monitor wind direction and speed, keep a log 49) Plot dust & fallout areas, keep it updated 50) Update safe route plan, due to change in winds or situation 51) Inform Emergency Services of changes in status, location, or situation (PI D) 52) Maintain contact with Home Base Leader, as able 53) Remote Site: Use natural areas for shielded sheltering i.e. boulders, caves, overhangs, etc. 54) Remote Site: Travel only if absolutely necessary, move crosswind first, plan for 2 wk stay 55) Remote Site: If able, travel to closest Evac Point outside danger area, info Home Base 56) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 57) Execute Crisis Planning, as required, See Part III D, inform Home Base of POA Perform the following; ONCE AUTHORITIES ADVISE it is CLEAR to LEAVE SHELTER: 58) Proceed to closest medical facility for necessary aid & decontamination 59) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 60) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 61) Direct all to wash their entire body with soap & water ASAP, even if decon not required 62) Recover property, only if required & safe; adults only - NO YOUTH Use Caution: many items may/will have radiation contamination 63) Wash vehicles, gear, clothing, etc. with fresh water, even if decon not required Caution; do not use anything prior to washing; wastewater may contain radiation material 64) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
Additional Considerations & Factors: - Radiation exposure may not reveal immediate symptoms caused by that exposure -- Symptoms may not show for a long period; much depends on the time & level of exposure -- Symptoms may be a burn to cancer &/or organ failure; any exposure requires medical attention - Even if authorities declare decon is not required, prudence dictates washing to be safe - Personal body washing -- Use care and thoroughly rinse hair, hair can collect and trap contaminates -- Do not scrub, scrubbing may cause abrasions, permitting contaminates to enter body - After you wash, do not wear the same clothes, put fresh clean items on -- Dispose of the dirty/soiled ones, or clean them thoroughly depending on the circumstance - Decontamination of equipment & clothing may require specialized procedures and materials - Some items are best destroyed or disposed of; they will retain their radioactivity for a long time -- Consult with authorities on the proper disposal of contaminated articles - If near the site of an explosion(s), do not use a flame source due to possible broken gas lines
A109 PART III B9 TERROR ATTACK - Terror attacks may occur at any time or place; their goal is to create fear & panic -- An attack can be simple or sophisticated, and use any manner of weapon or device - Because of the nature of these attacks, there is no way to predict all the possibilities -- Checklist covers basic actions and references other checklists for more specific actions - In case of a Biological type attack; see Part III B6 - In case of a Chemical/HAZMAT type attack & for Shelter-in-Place procedures; see Part III B7 - In case of a Nuclear type attack (detonation by weapon or radiation dispersal); see Part III B8 - Refer to Part II B1 for escape & evacuation plans for areas and structures
B9.a Recommended Minimum Necessary Equipment (tailor list to your circumstance) - Weather Radio or Radio/TV or an electronic device that receives local news warnings & info - Cell Phone or other reliable means of communication, a GPS &/or map and compass - First Aid kit, water, bleach, bio shield masks (hospital mask), gloves, soap &/or sanitizer - 4 mil or thicker plastic sheets, 10 mil thick duct tape, and scissors, tools - Flashlights, food rations, sanitation items with plastic bags & ties; plan 3 to 10 days, as able
B9.b Terrorism Contingency - If involved in a hostage situation, referencing of any checklist is simply not practical -- See B9.c Hostage Section at the end for recommended guidance to use in that situation 1) Monitor continuously News & WX reports; note & log wind direction & speed (PI E1) 2) Indentify Safe Areas; in case you need to shelter-in-place Area 1: ______Area 2: ______Area 3: ______3) Indentify multiple safe routes and Identify & inform all of ERPs (PII B1) 4) Store & secure Unit Disaster Supply Kit(s) at Safe Areas, ERPs, or vehicle(s) (PII B1) 5) Establish & inform all of alarm warning/notification system; i.e. siren, air horn, etc 6) Sound alarm or quietly gather participants, when informed/aware of an attack 7) Account for everyone; recover those not accounted for, if able & conditions permit 8) Remind everyone of Home Base & Alternate contact info and ERP locations 9) Note location of the effected area(s), consider winds & reports (ref PI D4 & E1) 10) Evacuate immediate area, if able; if separated proceed to ERP 1 or 2 if 1 is unreachable If unable to evac, shelter-in-place until safety permits travel; see applicable checklists above Inform authorities & Home Base of status and location of shelter, if able & necessary 11) Move cross & up wind from area(s); Do Not Become the Problem (PI E & PIII D) 12) Render 1st Aid as necessary; while continuing to move away from affected area(s) PRIORITY is for the Safety and Welfare of the Youth 13) Execute Crisis Planning, as necessary, See Part III D 14) Contact Home Base Leader and inform them of status, location, and POA, if able 15) Inform Out of State Contact, if able, on status, location, and POA (PII B1.n) 16) Out of State Contact will relay information to Home Base Leader ASAP 17) Home Base Leader will notify Council Executive & Parents of situation 18) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 19) Remote Site: First determine situation & facts, try to contact Home Base or authorities 20) Remote Site: Initially, it may be best to remain in place for the immediate timeframe 21) Remote Site: Decide to move to planned end point or nearest Evac Point, info Home Base 22) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base
A110 PART III AFTER Authorities give the ALL CLEAR 23) Seek decontamination &/or medical assistance at facilities identified by authorities 24) Update Home Base Leader on location, situation, and status 25) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 26) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
B9.c Hostage Situation Guidance - Remain calm, set the example for the youth; do not show fear or aggression -- Avoid direct eye contact with the terrorists, as much as possible -- Panic is what the terrorist want; you will need to keep your wits to survive -- Control the urge to fight or be uncooperative, any demeanor such as that can make you a target - The priority is to the youth and their safety -- Maintain continuous communications with the others in your group, as much as possible ---If unable to talk, use hand signals & notes, even making eye contact with your group can help - Do not be afraid to confront the attackers about the need for medical aid, food, water, & hygiene -- Use these areas to build a personal relationship; make them see you as a person not a target --- Use caution; initially they will resist such efforts, especially if they don’t believe you are genuine -- Tell them your name, exchange info about your family, hobbies, children, places you live --- Be extremely careful; avoid topics that might irritate them; giving them more reasons to hate you - Above all else, resist becoming sympathetic to their cause or to them personally -- Known as the “Stockholm Syndrome,” it only serves the terrorists interests, not yours - Realize, no matter what you do, it may never change the terrorist’s intent to kill you & the others -- The decision to fight, run, or stay must be based entirely on your own personal judgment --- The best opportunity for escape will be in the initial phase of the hostage taking --- It is likely the numbers are in your favor, the terrorist count on your fear to control you - If moved, make every attempt to keep track of your location, down to which room in a building -- Discretely mark each location with names, dates & times of when you were there - Keep your faith; focus on opportunities to improve your conditions and to escape - Be extremely vigilant and prepared at any moment to exploit an opportunity
Additional Considerations: - Even if authorities declare decon is not required, prudence dictates washing to be safe - Personal body washing -- Use care and thoroughly rinse hair, hair can collect and trap contaminates -- Do not scrub, scrubbing may cause abrasions, permitting contaminates to enter body - After you wash, do not wear the same clothes, put fresh clean items on -- Dispose of the dirty/soiled ones, or clean them thoroughly depending on the circumstance --- Consult with authorities on the proper disposal of contaminated articles - If near the site of an explosion(s), do not use a flame source due to possible broken gas lines Notes: ______
A111 PART III Section C: General Factors & Contingencies C1 UNABLE TO MAINTAIN TREK/TRAVEL SCHEDULE (i.e. you are late)
1) Determine the cause for being off schedule, if unsure or unknown 2) Make corrections while maintaining planned actions, return to original schedule, if able
If Unable to Correct Back to Original Schedule 3) Adjust planned activities and/or pace and/or routing 4) Notify Home Base of adjusted plan, do so at the earliest point you are able 5) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D) 6) DO NOT use an unplanned/altered route before Home Base or agency has new routing
If Remaining Off Schedule & Unable to Make Next Planned Stopover Point 7) Determine suitable alternate overnight point, remain on planned route 8) Notify Home Base, do so at the earliest possible opportunity 9) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D)
If No Longer Able to Maintain Schedule, and Make the Destination as Planned 10) Cancel remaining activities (PII B & PIII E1) 11) Proceed immediately to destination, using planned/replanned routing, if able
If Still Unable to Make Destination on Time, Using Planned or Replanned Routing 12) Determine if preplanned Alternate Routes can make destination on time If Yes 13) Proceed along appropriate Alternate Route, after notifying Home Base or agency 14) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D)
If No 15) Initiate Crisis Planning per Part III D, and decide on a Plan of Action 16) Determine a new route, schedule, &/or to proceed to nearest Evac Pt (PII B3) 17) Ensure adequate resources exist to support new plan 18) Notify Home Base, if possible 19) Notify appropriate park/land agency, if possible and as necessary (PI D) 20) Remote Site: Adequate supplies are crucial for any significant change of plan 21) Review Part II B, Contingency Plans, execute as able; inform Home Base 22) Execute Recovery Plan & Checklist, account for who departs the event (PII B4 & PIII E2) 23) Review Cancelation Checklist Part III E1, as applicable follow additional steps
Additional Considerations: - AVOID using unplanned routes or ones not filed, unless you notify Home Base first - Always trek/travel with emergency rations/supplies; “Be Prepared” - Rushing things is not the better option, generally it leads to mistakes &/or accidents - It is best to handle this situation methodically and purposefully; then simply take short cuts - If delays are due to injuries or the environment, it is not just being late; it is an EMERGENCY - If proceeding to an Evac Pt, expect a delayed pickup unless Home Base was informed - Leave a note on vehicles with contact information for authorities; include Home Base phone # - Units failing to arrive on-time at their destination or waypoints, expect authorities will be notified and a Search & Rescue effort to be conducted; leadership must remain aware of this as they proceed - Wilderness/Remote Sites require added caution due to being isolated with no easy routings - When traveling by vehicle, ensure adequate fuel between refilling points; carry spare fuel
A112 PART III C2 UNABLE TO CONTINUE TRAVEL The following is a guide to working through the issue of not being able continue planned travel - Answer each question in order; stop when reaching the first “Yes” - For a “No” response, answer the question associated with that “No” and then continue - Whenever you alter or change the itinerary/plan, be sure to update Home Base on the new status
Will conditions or the situation improve or be resolved within a short timeframe? 1) Yes: Proceed after situation improves or is resolved, See Part III C1 2) No - Is the situation repairable, avoidable, or can you bypass it? 3) Yes; Proceed with caution and as you are able, see Part III C1 4) No - Can the situation be resolved with additional or specialized assistance? 5) Yes; Obtain necessary assistance; ref Part II B & Part III D & E, as applicable 6) No - Is it practical, possible, and safe to remain in place until situation improves? 7) Yes; Do so until situation improves, ref Part II B & Part III C1 8) No - Is it possible and safe to turnaround & cancel/abort this activity or event? 9) Yes; Do so, proceed with caution, see Part II B & Part III E1 & E2 10) No - Is it possible and safe to proceed to nearest Evac Pt or an alternate destination? 11) Yes; Do so, proceed with caution, see Part II B & Part III E1 & E2 12) No - this is an EMERGENCY, Initiate Crisis Planning per Part III D ALWAYS DO or CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: 13) Notify Home Base of status and adjusted plans & routes, ASAP 14) Notify appropriate park/land agency, as necessary (PI D) 15) Contact nearest Red Cross Agency for assistance & to relay messages, as needed 16) AVOID using unplanned/altered routes prior to informing Home Base or agency
Below items are likely factors in causing travel to stop: -Due to WX or a natural disaster: See Part III A -Due to a lost participant: See Part III B1 -Due to a participant injury or illness: See Part III B4 -Due to an Accident: See Part III B5 -Due to a manmade type disaster: See Part III B Notes: ______
A113 PART III C3 POST DISASTER AID & SUPPORT ACTIONS - As a service oriented program, providing aid to the community is a real consideration -- However, in post disaster circumstances there are many potential dangers to consider - The safety of the boys is crucially important, as well as their well being and security
After the storm or disaster is over and no longer a threat to the region 1) Account for all unit members 2) Ensure each of them and their families are safe and secure First, it may be best to organize the unit to aid fellow unit members and their families 3) Decide if the unit is ready and able to volunteer their efforts to the community 4) When ready & able; Contact Disaster Services to offer unit assistance i.e. Red Cross 5) Execute Crisis Planning per Part III D, to decide on a Plan of Action 6) Establish a Home Base Leader for this activity 7) Identify & inform all of Safe Areas and ERPs 1 & 2 8) Do not depart unless unit is properly dressed and supplied 9) Ensure proper adult leader supervision, safety, and that tasks are age appropriate38 10) Monitor current news & information; withdraw unit if the situation becomes unsafe 11) Ensure unit leadership is continuously accounting for all members & their status 12) Be prepared to meet the unit’s need for logistics, food, water, sanitation, etc.
Notes: ______
38 Boy Scouts of America (2007). Guide to Safe Scouting: Sweet 16 of BSA Safety, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
A114 PART III Section D: Crisis Planning Guide D1 PURPOSE & SUMMARY: Developing a Plan of Action (POA) when time is critical or during emergencies where a logical coordinated plan is required to resolve a serious problem or situation. Guide provides users with a systematic rapid problem solving technique when more thorough planning is not possible, but not meant for use in every situation. Using training, commonsense, good judgment, and sound leadership can best immediately resolve many issues and problems.
Figure D-1: Summary of Crisis Planning Steps39 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Problem Assess POA POA POA Execution Execute Definition Situation Development Selection Planning POA Event . Unplanned . Receive . Direct Ldrs. to . Present refined . Assign tasks . Decide to circumstance reports from brain storm & prioritized execute & on site Ldrs., solutions/ POAs direct adults, & actions execution Scouts Action . Recognize . Maintain . Develop POAs . Advise & . Develop . Direct unit to problem reporting . Assign tasks consult with logical plan execute plan . Monitor . Evaluate & . Review & all available (use Part I G . Maintain Situation assess evaluate Ldrs., as template) reporting . Obtain info situation solutions/ authorities, & . Refine . Monitor from others . Have Ldrs. actions experts supplies & Situation . Make initial advise on . Determine . Begin material needs . Begin assessment actions supplies & planning, as . Note required recovery material able, for Emergency planning requirements possible POA Services . Estimate travel selection . Review Health times/distances & Safety & capabilities requirements for travel . Inform & . Evaluate prepare unit POAs for action Outcome . Determine if . Decide to . Recommend & . Select POA . Produce plan . Crisis resolved further develop POAs propose POAs . Alert & report . Recover unit planning is to all persons personnel & required of decided equipment . Report POA; include situation to ‘Home Base ‘Home Base Ldr.,’ proper Ldr.,’ proper authorities, & authorities, & BSA Ldrs. as BSA Ldrs. as applicable & applicable & able able
Depending on the situation, do not begin this process until all emergency actions are complete, and the situation stabilizes enough to permit a concerted planning effort to occur.
39 Department of Defense (2000). The Joint Staff Officer’s Guide 2000. Norfolk, VA: National Defense University
A115 PART III D2 CRISIS PLANNING STEPS Step 1 PROBLEM DEFINITION: Recognize the problem by observing the environment, personnel, and progress of the activity. Once recognized, determine just what is wrong and why. Do not focus on any specific solutions; ensure the problem is well defined and understood. ______Step 2 ASSES SITUATION: Seek out leaders and adults for their observations; focus on facts. If possible, establish communications with the Home Base Leader to report situation and obtain another perspective. Decide here on the need for a POA. Questions to ask: is there an immediate and obvious solution, will it get more dangerous if you do nothing, is just reacting the best option? ______Step 3 POA DEVELOPMENT: Attempt to create at least 3 possible POAs, which aids in considering all potential solutions, while not delaying the process. Draft a basic outline of each, in prioritized order, with enough information to help decide which will be the best. POA 1:
POA 2:
POA 3:
A116 PART III Step 4 POA SELECTION: If possible, consult with leaders, authorities, and experts. Choose POA that achieves most desirable results in a safe a manner as possible. Questions to ask: which has low risk, does safety outweigh added risk, is it achievable, do supplies & capabilities exist, priorities? Inform Home Base Leader and authorities as necessary, on the POA and timeline. POA 1 POA 2 POA 3 Step 5 POA EXECUTION PLANNING: Describe 5Ws & 1H. Assign tasks and ensure everyone is informed. Use this modified version of ‘Part I G’ outline as template (Reduced for space, attach additional sheets as required) Situation & Objective: ______Concept of Operation: ______Responsibilities: ______Support from Others: ______Logistics: ______Transportation: ______Health & Safety Reqmts: ______Emergency Svcs: ______Contingencies (Attach details): Move to other POA 1 POA 2 POA 3 Leadership & Communications: ______Step 6 EXECUTE POA: Determine when to execute, based on conditions, timing, etc. Leadership is key to success, keep everyone focused on task. Consideration must shift to developing a Recovery Plan (PII B4). ______
A117 PART III Section E: Cancelation & Recovery E1 CANCELATION & ALTERNATE PLAN CHECKLIST (See Part II B1) (Check items only as applicable) Fill in blank items, in advance, to tailor checklist for unit purposes and event circumstances Immediate: 1) Confirm alternate facility(s)/area(s) remain available POC: ______Ph: 1(___) ______2(___) ______POC: ______Ph: 1(___) ______2(___) ______2) Notify anyone who arrived early to primary location of Alternate Plan/cancelation 3) Notify remaining participants of Alternate Plan/cancelation (See PI B) 4) Inform local radio/TV, request public service announcement, if necessary Radio Stn ltrs/frq: 1_____/____ (___) ______2_____/____ (___) ______TV Stn ltrs/ch: 1_____/____ (___) ______2_____/____ (___) ______5) Notify primary reserved facility/area of cancelation POC: ______Ph: 1(___) ______2(___) ______6) ______7) ______8) ______
If Time Permits: 9) Physically verify all participants have departed the area and facilities 10) Secure building(s) and facility(s) (Close-lock windows & doors; adjust Heat/Air, etc.) 11) Turn off gas, water, & electric, as applicable 12) Secure equipment and outdoor items & areas 13) Monitor situation and conditions 14) ______15) ______16) ______
Alternate Location: 17) Ensure area and/or structures remain safe for use 18) Ensure required facilities are available and operable i.e. electric, water, sanitation etc.) 19) Assign individuals to set up area/facility per planned activities 20) Set up signage or post persons to direct participants to correct building(s) or area(s) 21) Adjust primary plan as necessary 22) Inform participants of adjustments and revisions for the activities/event 23) ______24) ______25) ______
Post Actions: 26) If canceling from a remote location, follow-up, confirm all returned safely 27) Notify council ASAP of any injuries &/or fatalities &/or property damage (PI B2) 28) As necessary, check status of building(s), facility(s), equipment, and outdoor areas 29) Photograph and document any damage 30) File appropriate reports for insurance purposes and necessary documentation 31) ______32) ______33) ______
A118 PART III E2 PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY & RECOVERY CHECKLIST Initiation of Recovery Actions assumes the initial phase of a contingency/disaster has ended Necessary to use checklist with Plan and Forms in Part II B4 & this Checklist - Utilize the Home Base Leader, coordinate all actions with them; they are a critical resource 1) Document situation & conditions at cancelation, when able; Use Part II B4.f.1
E2.a Personnel Accountability 1) Account for every participant; Use Part I B 2) Determine each participant’s status & condition, as required; Use E2.f.1 & Part I B 3) Annotate personnel numbers & accounting information in Part II B4.f.2 4) Inform Home Base Leader and provide updates until all actions are closed E2.a.1 Accountability-Missing (Document on Forms Part II B4.f.3 & f.6) 1) Document details for each missing person & search status; Use E2.f.1 & PII B4.f.3 2) Note search efforts by authorities; Use E2.f.2 & Part II B4.f.6 3) Inform Home Base; provide timely updates; Home Base will relay as required 4) Maintain record(s) until everyone is recovered or accounted for E2.a.2 Accountability-Injured (Document in Part II B4.f.4 & f.7) 1) Note every participants condition & status, if not already done; See E2.f.1 2) Document details for all injuries; Use E2.f.1 & Part II B4.f.4, keep up to date 3) ‘Tag’ injured with key personal information; See E2.d for details 4) Provide SOAP notes on the injured to 1st responders, if available; See E2.e for details 5) Note hospital(s) & address(es) each is transported to; Use E2.f.1 & 2 and PII B4.f.4 6) Note by who & what means were each taken to the hospital by; See E2.f.1 & 2 7) Inform Home Base; provide timely updates; Home Base will relay as required E2.a.3 Accountability-Deceased (Document in Part II B4.f.5 & f.8) 1) Document specifics on each fatality; use Part II B4.f Form, ensure accuracy 2) Inform Council Executive, personally, of all details, first 3) Follow guidance in Part II B4.f.8 for conducting notifications of death 4) Inform Home Base, and provide updates as needed 5) Maintain record(s) until the last remains are claimed by family/relatives
E2.b Reunification Process (Will be complete when all participants are reunited) 1) Gather participants into one area, as required and as able 2) Account for every participant; Reference Part I B; if not already complete 3) Identify the location of unaccounted for participants, and verify, if able 4) Review Part II B, Recovery Plan & Reunification Process, as applicable 5) Execute Reunification Process, if available and as applicable 6) Coordinate plan with Home Base to ensure families are informed of details If no preplanned reunification process, develop one: 7) Determine how, where, and when the participants will return to family/home 8) Identify transportation needs and a location for families to rendezvous at 9) Inform Home Base Leader of plan; Home Base will inform families as necessary 10) Execute plan & process 11) Note each participant’s departure from the event/activity & note time, if able 12) Ensure youth depart with proper family members or approved alternate 13) Inform Home Base when everyone is reunited with family or relatives 14) As required; Track families departing area/region, do to the disaster, Use E2.f.3
A119 PART III E2.c Recovery Actions & Closeout Process 1) Account for all equipment, belongings, and vehicles, as required 2) Plan to recover unit & individual gear & belongings, as necessary 3) Retrieve equipment, gear, & belongings, after area(s) safe 4) Recover vehicles if required, and able to do so, once area(s) safe 5) Document unaccounted for gear & vehicles and verify, if able 6) Review administrative actions necessary for insurance & other requirements 7) Perform proper documentation and complete necessary paperwork; ref PII B4.e 8) Closeout the event/activity 9) Conduct a review of actions with the leadership, as able 10) Produce an after action report and lessons learned; share it with others
E2.d Injured Information Tag/Template (not to be confused with a Triage Tag) - Fill in tag or provide as much as info as possible ***************************************Cut/Tear Here****************************************** Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age:_____ Parent/Relative: ______Phone 1: ______Phone 2: ______Injury: ______Allergies: ______Meds: ______Insurance Data: ______*******************************************Cut/Tear Here************************************** Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age:_____ Parent/Relative: ______Phone 1: ______Phone 2: ______Injury: ______Allergies: ______Meds: ______Insurance Data: ______***************************************Cut/Tear Here****************************************** Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age:_____ Parent/Relative: ______Phone 1: ______Phone 2: ______Injury: ______Allergies: ______Meds: ______Insurance Data: ______***************************************Cut/Tear Here****************************************** Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age:_____ Parent/Relative: ______Phone 1: ______Phone 2: ______Injury: ______Allergies: ______Meds: ______Insurance Data: ______***************************************Cut/Tear Here****************************************** Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age:_____ Parent/Relative: ______Phone 1: ______Phone 2: ______Injury: ______Allergies: ______Meds: ______Insurance Data: ______
A120 PART III
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION (When Filled In) E2.e SOAP Notes - Template Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age:_____ Method & Type of Injury: ______SUBJECTIVE Signs & Symptoms: ______Allergies: ______Medications: ______Past History: ______Last Meal (Solid & Fluid): ______Events: ______OBJECTIVE Physical Examination: ______VITAL SIGNS Time Pulse Respiration SCTM CSM AVPU ______| Pulse = Rate ______| Respiration = Rate ______| SCTM = Skin Color, Temperature, Moisture ______| CSM = Circulation, Sensation, Motion ______| (Intact? or Imparted?) ______| AVPU = Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive ______| (A&O x 1,2,3,4 = who, where, when, what) ASSESSMENT & PLAN A = Assessment (Problem List) ______P = Treatment Plan ______CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION (When Filled In)
A121 PART III
CONFIDENTIAL SENSITIVE INFORMATION (When Filled In) E2.f Worksheets (Transfer data to Forms in Part II B4.f.2, 3, 4, & 5; as necessary) E2.f.1 Personnel/Participant Status Sheet: total number _____ (ref PI B) 1. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______2. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______3. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______4. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______5. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______6. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______
*‘Special Needs’ Reference Part I B5 for specifics; keep secure & accessible only to leadership and authorities Page 1 of ___ (Replicate sheet as needed) CONFIDENTIAL SENSITIVE INFORMATION (When Filled In)
A122 PART III
CONFIDENTIAL SENSITIVE INFORMATION (When Filled In) (Transfer data to Forms in Part II B4.f.2, 3, 4, & 5; as necessary)
7. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______8. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______9. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______10. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______11. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______12. Name: ______(M/F) Date of Birth: ______Age: ____ Special Needs: Yes * No ; Injured: Yes No ; Missing: Yes No - Recovered ; Deceased: Yes No As of Date/Time: ______At Location ______Injuries/Condition - Critical/Guarded/Stable: ______Transport by Name/Means: ______To Hospital/Address: ______Parent/Family Notified; Parent/Guardian: ______Ph: ______
*‘Special Needs’ Reference Part I B5 for specifics; keep secure & accessible only to leadership and authorities Page ___ of ___ (Replicate sheet as needed) CONFIDENTIAL SENSITIVE INFORMATION (When Filled In)
A123 PART III E2.f.2 SAR &Medical Services Status Sheet Lead SAR Agency: ______Based at: ______Primary POC: ______, Ph: (____)______Alternate POC: ______, Ph: (____)______SAR Actions on going to Find & Recover Missing: ______Status of Care for Injured & Transport: ______Injured transported by Name ______Ambulance/vehicle ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Ambulance/vehicle ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Ambulance/vehicle ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Ambulance/vehicle ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______Hospitals/Medical Facilities; injured transported to Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
Name ______Address ______Phone (____)______(____)______(____)______(____)______
(Transfer data to Forms in Part II B4.f.6 & 7; as necessary) Page ___ of ___ (Expand sheet as needed)
A124 PART III E2.f.3 Family Tracking Sheet (Fill in as Scouts & Families depart due to Evacuation &/or Disaster) # Name______Phone______Evac Address/Location______Mandatory Evac __. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______. ______Page ___ of ___ Total: ____ Disregard, if using single sheet→→ Grand Total: _____ (Replicate Sheet as needed)
A125
APPENDIX B Reference Data, Tables, & Charts
WEATHER CONVERSION FORMULAS Temperature Conversions Where TF=Temp Fahrenheit and TC=Temp Celsius degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius 5/9 or .5556 * (TF – 32°) = TC degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit 9/5 or 1.8 * TC + 32° = TF
Wind Speed Conversions Statute Mile = 5280.00 ft Nautical Mile = 6,076.1155 ft (usually rounded to 6000 ft) 1 Mile Per Hour (mph) = 0.868976241900648 Knots (kts) Knots to Miles Per Hour kts * 1.150779 = mph (round to 1.15) Miles Per Hour to Knots mph/ 1.150779 = kts (round to 1.15)
BEAUFORT WIND SCALE Developed in 1805 by Sir Francis Beaufort of England Wind Speed Description - Visible Condition MPH 0 Calm smoke rises vertically 1 - 4 Light air direction of wind shown by smoke but not by wind vanes 4 - 7 Light breeze, wind felt on face; leaves rustle; ordinary wind vane moved by wind 8 - 12 Gentle breeze, leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends light flag 13 - 18 Moderate breeze, raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved 19 - 24 Fresh breeze, small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland water Strong breeze, large branches in motion; telephone wires whistle; umbrellas used with 25 - 31 difficulty 32 - 38 Moderate gale, whole trees in motion; inconvenience in walking against wind 39 - 46 Fresh gale, breaks twigs off trees; generally impedes progress 47 - 54 Strong gale, slight structural damage occurs; chimney pots and slates removed 55 - 63 Whole gale, trees uprooted; considerable structural damage occurs 64 - 72 Storm very rarely experienced; accompanied by widespread damage 73+ Hurricane damage and devastation occurs
B1
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) version of the40 BEAUFORT WIND SCALE Wind WMO Appearance of Wind Effects Force (Knots) Classification On the Water On Land 0 Less than 1 Calm Sea surface smooth and mirror-like Calm, smoke rises vertically Smoke drift indicates wind 1 1-3 Light Air Scaly ripples, no foam crests direction, still wind vanes Wind felt on face, leaves 2 4-6 Light Breeze Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking rustle, vanes begin to move Leaves and small twigs Large wavelets, crests begin to break, 3 7-10 Gentle Breeze constantly moving, light scattered whitecaps flags extended Dust, leaves, and loose Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, 4 11-16 Moderate Breeze paper lifted, small tree numerous whitecaps branches move Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking longer Small trees in leaf begin to 5 17-21 Fresh Breeze form, many whitecaps, some spray sway Larger waves 8-13 ft, whitecaps common, Larger tree branches 6 22-27 Strong Breeze more spray moving, whistling in wires Whole trees moving, Sea heaps up, waves 13-20 ft, white foam 7 28-33 Near Gale resistance felt walking streaks off breakers against wind Moderately high (13-20 ft) waves of Whole trees in motion, greater length, edges of crests begin to 8 34-40 Gale resistance felt walking break into spindrift, foam blown in against wind streaks High waves (20 ft), sea begins to roll, Slight structural damage 9 41-47 Strong Gale dense streaks of foam, spray may reduce occurs, slate blows off roofs visibility Very high waves (20-30 ft) with Seldom experienced on overhanging crests, sea white with land, trees broken or 10 48-55 Storm densely blown foam, heavy rolling, uprooted, "considerable lowered visibility structural damage" Exceptionally high (30-45 ft) waves, foam 11 56-63 Violent Storm patches cover sea, visibility more reduced Air filled with foam, waves over 45 ft, sea 12 64+ Hurricane completely white with driving spray, visibility greatly reduced WMO Classification - World Meteorological Office
40 Sir Francis Beaufort (1805). Beaufort Wind Scale (NOAA). NOAA Storm Prediction Center. January 3, 2010, NOAA SPC: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/beaufort.html
B2
HEAT INDEX CHART41 (In the Shade) The Heat Index is the temperature the body feels when combining heat and humidity. The chart below shows the Heat Index that corresponds to the actual air temperature and relative humidity. Chart is based upon shady, light wind conditions. Exposure to direct sunlight can increase the Heat Index by up to 15°F. Relative Humidity (%)
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 136 ------108 130 137 ------106 124 130 137 ------104 119 124 131 137 ------102 114 119 124 130 137 ------100 109 114 118 124 129 136 ------98 105 109 113 117 123 128 134 ------96 101 104 108 112 116 121 126 132 - - - - - 94 97 100 102 106 110 114 119 124 129 135 - - - 92 94 96 99 101 105 108 112 116 121 126 131 - - 90 91 93 95 97 100 103 106 109 113 117 122 127 132 88 88 89 91 93 95 98 100 103 106 110 113 117 121 86 85 87 88 89 91 93 95 97 100 102 105 108 112 84 83 84 85 86 88 89 90 92 94 96 98 100 103 82 81 82 83 84 84 85 86 88 89 90 91 93 95 80 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 84 84 85 86 86 87
With Prolonged Exposure and/or Physical Activity: Caution: Extreme Caution: Danger: Extreme Danger: Fatigue Sunstroke, muscle Sunstroke, muscle Heat Stroke or possible cramps, and/or heat cramps, and/or heat Sunstroke likely exhaustion possible exhaustion likely
Example: Enter chart from the left row, use 96°F, outside-air-temp, and move to the right until intersecting the 70% Relative Humidity column from the top, obtaining a Heat Index of 126, which is in the orange “Danger” zone. Note text block below chart that explains different zones and their related color coding. It will be necessary to interpolate for temperatures and humidity that fall between marked rows and columns i.e. 97°F and 72% gets an Index of about 128, which is about the lowest threshold for entering the red “Extreme Danger” zone.
41 The Weather Channel (2009). Heat Index. weather.com. July 14, 2009, National Weather Service: http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/fitness/tools/heat?from=search_siteresults<1>
B3
PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS For determining Relative Humidity (Degrees C & F)
The Psychrometric chart gives the relative humidity for a given wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperature. To use, find the vertical line for the dry bulb temperature at the bottom of the chart, and the slanted line for the wet-bulb temperature at the curved top-left edge. Find the intersection point of these two lines, and read the percent relative humidity from the curved lines nearest that point. Altitude will affect the accuracy of the chart, below chart is only accurate from sea level to 3000’ MSL.
Psychrometric Chart (Degrees Celsius, Sea Level)42
Example: Use a Dry Bulb Temp of 30°C follow the Green line up to its intersection with the Blue line off of the Wet Bulb Temp of 20°C; noting the Red curved Relative Humidity lines you can determine the two lines intersect at the Red 40% Relative Humidity point
42 Ogawa, A. (2007). Psychrometric Chart. Ogawa. August 24, 2009, Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrometrics
B4
Psychrometric Chart (Degrees Fahrenheit, Sea Level)43
~66%
Example: Use a Dry Bulb Temp of 90°F follow the Green line up to its intersection with the Blue line off of the Wet Bulb Temp of 80°F; noting the curved Relative Humidity lines, then interpolate the intersection point of the two lines at about the 66% Relative Humidity point
43 Kinch, R. J., PhD (2009). Psychrometric Chart. Truetex.com. August 24, 2009, Wikipedia: http://www.truetex.com/psychrometric_chart.htm
B5
WIND CHILL CHART44
Wind Chill is the temperature your body feels when combining the air temperature with the wind speed. The chill factor is based on the rate of heat loss from exposed skin caused by the effects of wind and cold. As the speed of the wind increases, it can carry heat away from your body much more quickly, causing skin temperature to drop. The Wind Chill chart below shows the difference between actual air temperature and perceived temperature, and amount of time until frostbite occurs. Temperature (°F)
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 60 -98 -91 -84 -76 -69 -62 -55 -48 -40 -33 -26 -19 -11 -4 3 10 17 25 55 -97 -89 -82 -75 -68 -61 -54 -46 -39 -32 -25 -18 -11 -3 4 11 18 25 50 -95 -88 -81 -74 -67 -60 -52 -45 -38 -31 -24 -17 -10 -3 4 12 19 26
45 -93 -86 -79 -72 -65 -58 -51 -44 -37 -30 -23 -16 -9 -2 5 12 19 26 40 -91 -84 -78 -71 -64 -57 -50 -43 -36 -29 -22 -15 -8 -1 6 13 20 27 35 -89 -82 -76 -69 -62 -55 -48 -41 -34 -27 -21 -14 -7 0 7 14 21 28 30 -87 -80 -73 -67 -60 -53 -46 -39 -33 -26 -19 -12 -5 1 8 15 22 28 25 -84 -78 -71 -64 -58 -51 -44 -37 -31 -24 -17 -11 -4 3 9 16 23 29 Wind (mph) 20 -81 -74 -69 -61 -55 -48 -42 -35 -29 -22 -15 -9 -2 4 11 17 24 30 15 -77 -71 -64 -58 -51 -45 -39 -32 -26 -19 -13 -7 0 6 13 19 25 32 10 -72 -66 -59 -53 -47 -41 -35 -28 -22 -16 -10 -4 3 9 15 21 27 34 5 -63 -57 -52 -46 -40 -34 -28 -22 -16 -11 -5 1 7 13 19 25 31 36 Frostbite Times: 5 Minutes 10 Minutes 30 Minutes
Example: Enter chart from the left row, use 25mph, wind speed, and move to the right until intersecting the minus 20°F, outside air temperature column from the top, obtaining a Wind Chill of -51°F, which is in the moderate blue “10 minutes” for ‘Frostbite Time’ zone. Note legend immediately below chart that explains the different blue color zones and their related Frostbite Times. It will be necessary to interpolate for wind speeds and temperatures that fall between marked rows and columns i.e. 33mph and -26°F gets a Wind Chill of about -64 to -66°F which is in the dark blue “5 minutes” ‘Frostbite Time’ zone.
Frostbite Frostbite is an injury to the body caused by freezing body tissue. The most susceptible parts of the body are the extremities such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, or the tip of the nose. Symptoms include a loss of feeling in the extremity and a white or pale appearance. Such symptoms of frostbite require immediate medical attention. The frostbite area should slowly be re-warmed.
Hypothermia Hypothermia is abnormally low body temperature (below 95°F). Warning signs include uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech, drowsiness, and apparent exhaustion, requiring immediate medical attention. If it is not available, begin warming the body slowly.
44 The Weather Channel (2009). Wind Chill Chart. weather.com. July 14, 2009, National Weather Service: http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/ski/tools/windchill/?from=search_siteresults<1>
B6
SAFFIR-SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE45
Category Winds Surge Central Pressure 1 - Minimal 74 - 95 mph or 64 - 82 kts 4 - 5 feet greater than 980 mb or 28.94 in 2 - Moderate 96 - 110 mph or 83 - 95 kts 6 - 8 feet 965 - 979 mb or 28.50 - 28.91 in 3 - Extensive 111 - 130 mph or 96 - 113 kts 9 - 12 feet 945 - 964 mb or 27.91 - 28.47 in 4 - Extreme 131 - 155 mph or 114 - 135 kts 13 - 18 feet 920 - 944 mb or 27.17 - 27.88 in 5 - Catastrophic greater than 155 mph or 135 kts greater than 18 feet less than 920 mb or 27.17 in Category 1 - Minimal - Damage primarily restricted to shrubbery, trees, and unanchored mobile homes; no substantial damage to other structures; some damage to poorly built signs. - Some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage. Category 2 - Moderate - Considerable damage to shrubbery and tree foliage, some trees blown down; major damage to exposed mobile homes; extensive damage to poorly built signs and some damage to windows, doors and roofing of buildings; no major destruction to buildings. - Coastal roads & low-lying escape routes inland cutoff by flooding about 2 to 4 hours before landfall; considerable damage to piers, marinas flooded; small craft in protected anchorage torn from moorings. Category 3 - Extensive - Foliage torn from trees; large trees and poorly built signs blown down; some damage to roofing, windows, & doors; some structural damage to small buildings; mobile homes destroyed. - Serious flooding along the coast; small structures near the coast destroyed; larger coastal structures damaged by battering waves and floating debris. - Low-lying escape routes inland cutoff by rising water about 3 to 5 hours before landfall; flat terrain 5 feet or less above sea level flooded up to 8 or more miles inland. - May require evacuation of low-lying residences within several blocks of shoreline. Category 4 - Extreme - Shrubs, trees, and signs blown down; extensive damage to roofs, windows, & doors, with complete failure of roofs on smaller residences; mobile homes demolished. - Flat terrain 10 ft or less above sea level flooded inland as far as 6 miles; flooding & battering waves & floating debris cause major damage to structures’ lower floors near the shore; low-lying escape routes inland cutoff by flooding about 3 to 5 hours before landfall; major beach erosion - Massive evacuation of inland residences as far inland as 6 miles may be required. Category 5 - Catastrophic - Trees, shrubs, and signs blown down; considerable damage to roofs of buildings, with very severe & extensive damage to windows & doors; complete failure of many roofs of residences and industrial buildings; extensive shattering of glass in windows & doors; complete buildings destroyed; small buildings overturned or blown away; mobile homes demolished. - Major damage to structures’ lower floors less than 15 ft above sea level within 1500 ft of shore. - Low-lying escape routes inland cutoff by flooding about 3 to 5 hours before landfall; major beach erosion. - May require massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground as far inland as 10 miles.
45 National Weather Service (2004). Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. NHC. December 5, 2008, National Hurricane Center: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/tropicalwx/s-s_scale.php
B7
EARTHQUAKE RICHTER SCALE46
The Richter Scale uses a logarithmic scale or base 10, which means for each one-point increase on the magnitude scale, there is 10 times the amount of energy released. The amount of energy released goes up each magnitude faster than the ground velocity by a factor of 32. For example, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake, as measured on the Richter Scale, has 32 times more energy than an earthquake with a 5.0 magnitude, and almost 1,000 times more energy than an earthquake with a 4.0 magnitude. United States Geological Survey Earthquake Magnitude Classes Magnitud Est. No. Each Year Class Effects e (globally) Great earthquake; can totally destroy Great >8.0 one every 5-10 years communities near the epicenter Major 7.0-7.9 20 Major earthquake; serious damage May cause a lot of damage in very populated Strong 6.0-6.9 100 areas Slight damage to buildings and other Moderate 5.5-5.9 500 structures Minor to 2.5-5.4 30,000 Often felt, but only causes minor damage Moderate Very Usually not felt, but can be recorded by a < 2.5 900,000 Minor seismograph
46 US Geological Survey (2009). USGS Earthquake Magnitude Classes. USGS. November 26, 2008, USGS: http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/earthquakes/
B8
Nuclear Radiation Factors
Types of Radiation47 Different types of ionizing radiation behave differently, requiring different shielding techniques. Particle radiation consists of a stream of charged or neutral particles, both charged ions and subatomic elementary particles. This includes solar wind, cosmic radiation, and neutron flux in nuclear reactors. o Alpha particles (helium nuclei): least penetrating. A single sheet of paper stops even very energetic alpha particles. o Beta particles (electrons): more penetrating, but can be absorbed by a few millimeters of aluminum. However, in cases where high-energy beta particles are emitting, shielding must use low-density materials, i.e. plastic, wood, water, or acrylic glass. In the case of beta+ radiation (positrons), gamma radiation from the electron-positron annihilation reaction poses additional concern. o Neutron radiation: not as readily absorbed as charged particle radiation. Nuclei of atoms will absorb neutrons in a nuclear reaction. o Cosmic radiation: not a common concern, the Earth's atmosphere absorbs it and the magnetosphere acts as a shield. Cosmic radiation is extremely high energy, and very penetrating. Electromagnetic radiation consists of emissions of electromagnetic waves, the properties of which depend on the wavelength. o X-ray and gamma radiation: highly penetrating, best absorbed by atoms with heavy nuclei, the heavier the nucleus, the better the absorption. In some special applications, depleted uranium is used, but lead is much more common; several centimeters are often required. Barium sulfate is used in some applications too. However, when cost is important, almost any material will work, but it must be far thicker. o Ultraviolet (UV) radiation: is ionizing but it is not penetrating, use shielding like thin opaque layers such as sunscreen, clothing, and protective eyewear. Protection against UV radiation is simpler than other forms of radiation, and typically addressed separately.
Dangers from Radiation & Mitigation Factors Radiation is dangerous even in the smallest of amounts, but depends on the length of time and amount of exposure, the longer the exposure and the higher the dose the more lethal the danger. The effects are instantaneous; you must take immediate action to achieve shielding the closer you are to the source. This is why Time, Distance, and Shielding or critical to surviving a nuclear event which disperses or emits radioactive particles and materials. Time – limiting the time of exposure reduces the dosage and allows the body to recover. This is why X-Rays are not damaging when taken over long periods and only as necessary, but why X- Ray technicians must be shielded do to their constant exposure. Distance – the greater distance you are from the source the less the intensity; like moving away from a fire will reduce the effect of heat, but, the hotter the fire the further away you must be, the same applies to radiation. Consider that time may not permit unshielded movement before you reach a lethal dosage level. Shielding – See below text and table for detailed information on shielding
47 Wikipedia (2010). Radiation Protection: Types of Radiation. Wikipedia.com. January 10, 2010, wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_shielding#cite_note-0
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Radiation Particles Effects on the Body Alpha & Beta are most dangerous when you breathe in or ingest ionized particles such as dust or contaminated food. Soft delicate internal cell membranes inside the body are highly susceptible to severe damage from these types of radiation. Using any kind of mask and/or filter to eliminate or avoid breathing in such particulates will protect you from these dangers, as well as not ingesting any contaminated water or food. X & Gamma Rays are the most difficult to protect from as they are highly penetrating types of radiation, requiring significant amounts of shielding to reduce the dosage one will receive. Gamma and X are like atomic bullets which move in straight lines that will destroy or damage every cell they encounter, and will easily penetrate any part of the body. Over time, a small dose can eventually prove lethal, as the damage will be too great for the body to recover. UV is the most common and easiest to protect from, the most common danger is sunburn and skin cancer caused by prolonged exposure. The other types of radiation are neither common nor typically experienced when manmade uses of nuclear material are involved, such as a bomb, nuclear accident, or terror type weapon.
Shielding48 Shielding is measured by what fraction of gamma rays it blocks. If a certain thickness will block half of the incoming radiation, then adding the same thickness again will block half of what has left (leaving 1/4 of the original gamma ray intensity). Materials are commonly categorized by their "halving thickness,” the thickness required to block half of incoming gamma rays. Sometimes "tenthing thickness" is quoted instead, which is the thickness required to block 90% of gamma radiation. A shield is characterized by its total "protection factor." For example, a shield that lets 1/40 of the gamma rays through has a protection factor of 40. A protection factor of 1000 is necessary to provide adequate protection from gamma radiation. 1000 should permit you to survive 25 times longer in a shelter with this level of protection; also, it is better, because of the following: 1. many radioactive materials decay quickly into non-radioactive materials 2. the most intense radiation sources generally "burn out" the fastest 3. your radiation dose is spread out much more, giving your body time to recover This means time counts in getting into a shelter. A radiological device that goes off near you starts affecting you immediately; while dust from a nuke explosion that goes off miles away will not settle on your area for some time; you might have 20 minutes before things get very hot radiation wise.
Shielding Materials To achieve a protection factor of 1000, use 10 halving-thicknesses or 3 tenthing-thicknesses of any materials, or a combination of materials. It is mainly the mass of material that makes blocking effective. One effective fallout shield is 10 halving-thicknesses of packed dirt, about 3 feet. Another would be a 9-inch concrete wall (a bit under 4 halvings) backed by 2 feet of dirt (a bit over 6 halvings).
48 DeRose, S. J. (2003). The Compass DeRose Guide to Emergency Preparedness: Hardened Shelters. derose.net. December 12, 2009, derose.net: http://www.derose.net/steve/guides/emergency/hardened.html
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Halving Thickness for Various Materials49 Shielding reduces the intensity of radiation exponentially depending on the thickness. This means when added thicknesses are used, the shielding multiplies. For example, a practical shield in a fallout shelter is ten halving-thicknesses of packed dirt, which is 90 cm (3 ft) of dirt. This reduces gamma rays by a factor of 1/1,024, which is 1/2 multiplied by itself ten times. Halving thicknesses of some materials, which reduce gamma ray intensity by 50% (1/2), include50: Halving Thickness, Halving Thickness, Density, Halving Weight, Material inches cm g/cm³ g/cm² lead 0.4 1.0 11.3 12 concrete 2.4 6.1 3.33 20 steel 0.99 2.5 7.86 20 packed soil 3.6 9.1 1.99 18 water 7.2 18 1.00 18 lumber or other wood 11 29 0.56 16 depleted uranium 0.08 0.2 19.1 3.9 air 6000 15000 0.0012 18 Column Halving Weight in the chart above indicates mass of material, required to cut radiation by 50%, in grams per square centimeter of protected area. The effectiveness of a shielding material in general increases with its density.
49 Wikipedia (2010). Radiation Protection: Shielding Design. Wikipedia.com. January 10, 2010, wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_shielding 50 DeRose, S. J. (2003). The Compass DeRose Guide to Emergency Preparedness: Hardened Shelters. derose.net. December 12, 2009, derose.net: http://www.derose.net/steve/guides/emergency/hardened.html
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APPENDIX C Youth Permission Forms
ACTIVITY CONSENT FORM AND APPROVAL BY PARENTS OR LEGAL GUARDIAN
This form is recommended for unit use to obtain approval and consent for Tiger Cubs, Cub Scouts, Webelos Scouts, Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, Venturers, and guests (if applicable) under 21 years of age to participate in a den, pack, team, troop, or crew trip, expedition, or activity. This form is required for use with flying permits and should be attached to the flying permit application. It is recommended that parents keep a copy of the form and contact the tour leader in the event of any questions or in case emergency contact is needed. Additional copies of this form along with the Guide to Safe Scouting are available for download from Scouting Safely at www.scouting.org.
First name of participant and middle initial ______Last name ______
Address______Birth date (mmm/dd/yyyy) ____/___/_____ Age during activity ___
Additional address (need street address if you have a P.O. Box) ______
City______State ______Zip ______
Has approval to participate in ______(Name of activity, orientation flight, outing trip, etc.) From ______to ______(Date) (Date) Without restrictions Special considerations or restrictions: ______
HOLD HARMLESS AGREEMENT I understand that participation in the activity involves a certain degree of risk. I have carefully considered the risk involved and have given consent for myself or my child to participate in the activity. I understand that participation in the activity is entirely voluntary and requires participants to abide by applicable rules and standards of conduct. I release the Boy Scouts of America, the local council, the activity coordinators, and all employees, volunteers, related parties, or other organizations associated with the activity from any and all claims or liability arising out of this participation.
In case of emergency involving my child, I understand every effort will be made to contact me. In the event I cannot be reached, I hereby give my permission to the medical provider selected by the adult leader in charge to secure proper treatment, including hospitalization, anesthesia, surgery, or injections of medication for my child. Medical providers are authorized to disclose to the adult in charge examination findings, test results, and treatment provided for purposes of medical evaluation of the participant, follow-up and communication with the participant’s parents or guardian, and/or determination of the participant’s ability to continue in the program activities.
Participant’s signature ______Date ______
Parent/guardian printed name ______
Parent/guardian signature ______Date ______
______Area code and telephone number (best contact and emergency contact) E-mail (for use in sharing more details about the trip or activity)
Contact the adult tour leader with any questions: Name ______
Phone______E-mail______19-673 2008 Printing
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The following forms are examples of those in use by various units Not certified by any legal review or council States have differing statutes Strongly recommend units & chartering organizations conduct a legal review USE AT OWN RISK
Unit ______of the Boy Scouts of America Charter Organization (Name & address): ______
My Scout/son ______has my/our permission to participate in the following activities: ______, ______, and ______at ______on ______. I understand that every precaution will be taken to ensure the safety and well being of my/our son. I waive and release all claims against the leaders of this trip & representatives of the Boy Scouts of America, and the Charter Organization.
In the event of an emergency, the BSA registered leaders for this activity have permission to obtain medical treatment for the above named scout at the nearest hospital or doctor, at my/our expense, if the family doctor is not readily available, and as restricted on the Personal Health & Medical Record on file with (Unit Name & #) ______
______(Signature of parent(s) or guardian & date)
During the activities listed above, I/we can be contacted at the following #s and will accept long distance calls. (______)______(______)______
Scout is highly allergic or sensitive to: ______
What, if any, medication is the Scout taking? ______
Are there special instructions for medications? ______
Do you direct that the unit leader carry the medication(s)? Yes No
Please, use the back of this form for additional information and explanation of any other information leaders should be aware of.
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TROOP 123 Small-town, State Parent Permission Slip Date: Month Day(s), Year
Activity: ______Location: ______Date(s)/Time(s): Depart Time Day, Date Return Time Day, Date Drop-off/Pickup: ______Adult in Charge: ______Other Information: ______To: Scoutmaster, Troop 123 My son, ______has my permission to participate in the outing with Troop 123, ______District, ______Council, BSA, Month Day, Year. We waive all claims against the Troop and District/ Council for injuries or damage as it may occur. My son is in good physical condition and is not taking any prescription or non-prescription medication except as noted here: ______
EMERGENCY MEDICAL AUTHORIZATION AND POWER OF ATTORNEY It is expressly understood that in the event of injury or illness the adult Scout Leaders in attendance may authorize the implementation of medical procedures; including surgery, and dispensation of medicines until such time as a parent or legal guardian of the Scout in question can be present.
Date: ______, Signature: ______
IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY, NOTIFY: Name______, Relationship ______Address______Phone(s)______, Alternate Contact ______Hospitalization Carrier ______, Policy #______Allergies and/or Medication Reactions: ______Are Vaccines up to date? ______
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APPENDIX D
Acronym & Abbreviation List
A/C – Air Conditioning ATV – All Terrain Vehicle ASAP – As Soon As Possible BALOO – Basic Adult Leader Outdoor Orientation (BSA Training Event) BSA – Boy Scouts of America CNX – Cancel CO2 – Carbon Dioxide DOB – Date Of Birth EAP – Emergency Action Plan or Emergency Action Planning EMT – Emergency Medical Technician ERP – Emergency Rendezvous Point or Emergency Rally Point Evac – Evacuation Evac Pt – Evacuation Point HAZMAT – Hazardous Materials HEPA – High Efficiency Particulate Absorbing IAW – In Accordance With KTS or Kts or kts – Knots (measure of wind, water, & aircraft speed); Nautical Miles per Hour MSL – Mean Sea Level N/A – Not Applicable NLT – No Later Than NM or Nm or nm – Nautical Mile (Considered 6,076.12 feet) OODA – Observe Orient Decide Act OWL – Outdoor leader skills for Webelos Leaders (BSA Training Event) PFD – Personal Floatation Device Pt – Point POA – Plan of Action POC – Point of Contact POV – Privately Owned/Operated Vehicle QRG – Quick Reference Guide Ref or ref – Reference, Refer to Rqmt or Rqmts – Requirement or Requirements RZ – Rendezvous SA – Situational Awareness SAR – Search and Rescue SM or sm – Statute Mile (Considered 5,280 feet) SOAP – Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan SUV – Sport Utility Vehicle TC – Temperature Celsius TF – Temperature Fahrenheit TSP – Time Sensitive Planning USCG – United States Coast Guard WX – Weather °C – Degrees Celsius °F – Degrees Fahrenheit
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APPENDIX E
Glossary
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – A gas byproduct of breathing, coming from exhalation after a human or animal body has converted oxygen within their lungs. In high levels, this can be a deadly gas that will not support human or animal life.
Desalination – To remove the salt from something, for example saltwater; desalination is required in saltwater survival to ensure adequate and potable drinking water.
Emergency Action Planning (EAP) – Very similar to Time Sensitive Planning (definition found below) except one critical difference, in conducting “Emergency Action Planning, one is most likely facing an imminent or looming crisis where it is crucial to success and or survival to determine a plan or decision to act in an immediate time frame. This process allows for little to no time to review or problem solve, success of the plan is almost completely dependant on preplanned, learned, trained, and or instinctual responses and actions.
Emergency Rendezvous Point (ERP) – A select geographic point where all participating personnel will rendezvous at in case of an emergency and/or separation of the group. Points must be easily distinguishable by identifiable landmarks and/or accessible addresses, and established significantly apart as to avoid collateral damage in case of a disaster. Points are not the same as “Safe Areas” or “Evac Pts.” They do not necessarily afford any protection; however, these points may be collocated with other points or areas. (may also be called an Emergency Rally Point)
Epicenter (ep-a-center) – The point on the earth's surface directly above the point inside the earth's mantle that is the focus or the source of the earthquake.
Epidemic – An outbreak of a disease that spreads more quickly and more extensively among a group of people than would normally be expected.
Evacuation Point (Evac Pt) – Points are typically established along the trek or travel plan’s route, they are intended to be easily identified and accessible, permitting personnel to rapidly rendezvous with emergency transportation (i.e. vehicle, helicopter*, boat, etc.). Thereby establishing the ability to more swiftly evacuate injured personnel and/or extract units due to an emergency or some other critical circumstance. *Helicopter landing zones must be a minimum of 100 x 100 (ft) free of any obstacles & be relatively flat
Irradiated - transitive verb, To expose somebody or something to or treat somebody or something with radiation or streams of particles
Knots – One word term used to denote nautical miles per hour; primarily used in defining speeds for boats on water and planes through air
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Observe Orient Decide Act (OODA) – Better known as the OODA Loop. This is a decision planning tool developed by, Colonel John Boyd, USAF. The OODA loop, standing for Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act, is a concept originally applied to understand the combat operations process, often at the strategic and operational levels of military planning. It has also found uses and applications for understanding commercial operations and learning processes.
Pandemic – Existing in the form of a widespread epidemic affecting people in many different countries; considered global in scale. AIDS is currently a pandemic.
Plan of Action (POA) – A plan developed to direct and or guide one in working through or around some type of identified problem or challenge. Also, known as a course of action, where you determine what will be the best course or plan to resolve or solve an identified problem or issue.
Plot – To identify and point out, usually on a map or chart, a position as relative to an earth reference schematic, typically using geographic landmark references, coordinates, or a map grid reference system.
Potable – Suitable for drinking because it is clean and uncontaminated
Pyroclastic flow – Flows are fast-moving currents of hot gas and rock (collectively known as tephra), which travel away from a volcano at speeds generally as great as 450 mph. The gas can reach temperatures of about 1,830°F. The flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill, or spread laterally under gravity. Their speed depends upon the density of the current, the volcanic output rate, and the gradient of the slope.51
Prophylaxes – Treatment to prevent disease, a treatment that prevents disease or stops it from spreading, e.g. vaccination or medications
Safe Area – Selected areas or locations that will provide some level of protection from a specific or any type of dangerous occurrence, such as a tornado. Areas can be anything from a “Fallout Shelter” to a low-lying ditch in a remote area. Identifying such areas is situationally dependant, and therefore it heavily depends on what the danger is that you are attempting to shelter against.
Shelter-in-Place – To remain in your current location or to seek shelter within your immediate area when confronted with an emergency which forces you to take cover from a threat that requires some necessary level of protection; threats such as HAZMAT, Contagious Disease, Terror Attack, nuclear attack, hazardous weather, etc.
51 Branney M.J. & Kokelaar, B.P. 2002, Pyroclastic Density Currents and the Sedimentation of Ignimbrites. Geological Society London Memoir 27, 143pp. Oct 6, 2009. wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow
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Situational Awareness (SA) – An individual achieves Situational Awareness at a point-in-time where they are knowledgeable of their surroundings, the environment, and the conditions for the situation they are experiencing as far as they are able to accurately comprehend them and make appropriate responses to those occurrences. SA is continuously changing with time passage, changing surroundings, evolution of the environment, and differing conditions due to the individual’s interactions with their environment and external factors and forces.
SOAP Note – The SOAP note (acronym for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) is a method of documentation employed by health care providers to write out notes in a patient's chart. Prehospital care providers such as EMTs may use the same format to communicate patient information to Emergency department clinicians.52
Time Sensitive Planning (TSP) – A problem solving process which is done under time critical constraints, where a course of action or plan is required in a relatively rapid fashion in order to avoid further problems, loss of life & property, or the development of more serious issues. This typically means there are limited resources, options, and time to review the matter in order to find the best solution or action to take.
Triangulate or Triangulation – Procedure used to determine ones position by establishing compass headings to identifiable landmarks, at least three, from multiple directions, then orienting the map to north and plotting the reverse headings from those identified landmarks; which usually creates a triangle at the intersecting point. Within the middle of this triangle is your position. Assumes you accurately identify the landmarks as well as the compass headings.
Tsunamis (Su-na-me) – Otherwise known as a Tidal Wave, which is a large destructive ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or another movement of the Earth's surface.
52 Wikipedia (2006). SOAP note. Wikipedia.com. November 26, 2009, wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP_notes
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APPENDIX F
Bibliography
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2. American Red Cross (2009). Preparing and Getting Trained. ARC. Jan 15, 2009, redcross.org: http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem.d8aaecf214c576bf971e4cfe43181aa0/?vgnextoi d=46de1a53f1c37110VgnVCM1000003481a10aRCRD&vgnextfmt=default
3. Boy Scouts of America (1998). Boy Scout Handbook, (11th Ed). Irving TX: BSA
4. Boy Scouts of America (2003). Climb on Safely, 20-099B. Irving TX: BSA
5. Boy Scouts of America (2004). Fieldbook (4th Ed.). Irving, TX: BSA
6. Boy Scouts of America (2008). Guide to Safe Scouting, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
7. Boy Scouts of America (2008). Guide to Safe Scouting: Reporting Death or Serious Injury, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
8. Boy Scouts of America (2007). Guide to Safe Scouting: Sweet 16 of BSA Safety, 34416A, (1998). Irving TX: BSA
9. Boy Scouts of America (2005). Health & Safety Guide, 34415D (1983). Irving TX: BSA
10. Boy Scouts of America (2008). Local Tour Permit (Rev 12/07). BSA. August 12, 2009, BSA: http://www.cvcboyscouts.org/forms/GENERAL/34426_Tour%20Permit%20App_08%20 Printing.pdf
11. Boy Scouts of America (2008). Merit Badge Series: Emergency Preparedness (2008). Irving, TX: BSA
12. Boy Scouts of America (2007). National Tour Permit (4419C). BSA. August 12, 2009. BSA: http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/Media/forms.aspx
13. Boy Scouts of America (2008). Passport to High Adventure, 34245, (2008). Irving TX: BSA
14. Boy Scouts of America (2004). Tours and Expeditions, 33737D, (1999). Irving TX: BSA
15. Boy Scouts of America (2004). Trek Safely, 20-125. Irving TX: BSA
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16. Boyd, J., Col, USAF, (1995). Organic Design for Command & Control (1st Ed). USAF. September 3, 2009, Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OODA_loop
17. Branney M.J. & Kokelaar, B.P. 2002, Pyroclastic Density Currents and the Sedimentation of Ignimbrites. Geological Society London Memoir 27, 143pp. Oct 6, 2009. wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow
18. Department of Defense (2000). The Joint Staff Officer’s Guide 2000. Norfolk, VA: National Defense University
19. DeRose, S. J. (2003). The Compass DeRose Guide to Emergency Preparedness: Hardened Shelters. derose.net. Dec 12, 2009, derose.net: http://www.derose.net/steve/guides/emergency /hardened.html
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21. Headquarters, Department of the Army (1993). FM 100-5 Operations. Washington DC: US Army
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25. National Geographic (2009). Volcano Safety Tips: Keeping Safe. January 25, 2009, National Geographic Society: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural- disasters/volcano-safety-tips/
26. National Weather Service (2009). National Weather Service Glossary. NHC. May 5, 2009, National Hurricane Center: http://www.weather.gov/glossary/
27. National Weather Service (2004). Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. NHC. December 5, 2008, National Hurricane Center: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/tropicalwx/s-s_scale.php
28. Ogawa, A. (2007). Psychrometric Chart. Ogawa. August 24, 2009, Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrometrics
29. Pinson, L. (2009). Business Plan Outline. Business-plan. 2 Feb 2010, Business-plan.com: http://www.business-plan.com/outline.html
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30. Schimelpfenig, Tod (2006). NOLS Wilderness Medicine. Mechanicsburg, PA: National Outdoor Leadership School and Stackpole Books
31. Sir Francis Beaufort (1805). Beaufort Wind Scale (NOAA). NOAA Storm Prediction Center. January 3, 2010, NOAA SPC: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/beaufort.html
32. USDA Forrest Service (2008). Fire Management (2008). Forrest Service. March 17, 2009, US Forrest Service: http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/boone/fire/wildfire/warning.shtml
33. US Geological Survey (2009). Natural Hazards Gateway. USGS. December 20, 2009, USGS: http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/
34. US Geological Survey (2009). USGS Earthquake Magnitude Classes. USGS. November 26, 2008, USGS: http://www.usgs.gov/hazards/earthquakes/
35. The Weather Channel (2009). Earthquakes: Are You at Risk? (2009). weather.com. July 14, 2009, TWC: http://www.weather.com/outlook/wxready/articles/id-48
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40. Wikipedia (2010). Radiation Protection: Shielding Design. Wikipedia.com. January 10, 2010, wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_shielding
41. Wikipedia (2010). Radiation Protection: Types of Radiation. Wikipedia.com. January 10, 2010, wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_shielding#cite_note-0
42. Wikipedia (2006). SOAP note. Wikipedia.com. November 26, 2009, wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP_notes
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