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Public Service Broadcasting in the MENA Region

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PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING IN THE MENA REGION POTENTIAL FOR REFORM While information is free from control in Maghreb and Machrek countries with Twitter, Facebook and YouTube, many question the role of “traditional” media. Despite this trend, this work deliberately focuses on an omnipresent media which, after failing to its responsibilities for some time, has lost the central position it should have: public television in the Arab world. Far from being anachronistic, the scope of this book falls rather in the heart of current issues: pluralism and independence of the media require the implementation of quality public service broadcasters in tune with citizens’ expectations. However, the increase in number of TV and channels is not necessarily a guarantee of democratization of the media space. Rather than merely acknowledging facts and in order to suggest concrete recommendations and reforms, a network of NGOs and media experts from around the Mediterranean has been working since 2009 to carefully analyze the situation of “public service broadcasting” in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Palestinian Territories, Syria and Tunisia. This book reports the assessment work made on public service broadcasting, makes numerous recommendations and invites public media professionals to think about the future of their profession. REGIONAL REPORT The synthesis of the evaluation work carried out at national levels is accompanied by contributions which put the results at the regional level in perspective. Journalists, regulators, academics, media experts and civil society actors analyze in this collective work the future of public service broadcasters in the countries of the region, the role of the different stakeholders and the responsibility of NGOs in developing a pluralistic, independent and sustainable media landscape. REGIONAL REPORT: PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING IN THE MENA REGION REGIONAL REPORT: Institut Panos Paris Observatoire Méditerranéen www.panosparis.org de la Communication http://omec.uab.cat Published by Panos Paris Institute and Mediterranean Observatory of Communication © Consortium IPP-OMEC Date of publication May 2012 ISBN 978-84-939674-0-6 Panos Paris Institute 10, rue du Mail - F-75002 Paris Phone: +33 (0)1 40 41 13 31 Fax: 33 (0)1 40 41 03 30 http://www.panosparis.org Observatori Mediterrani de la Comunicació Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Phone: (+34) 93 581 3160 http://omec.uab.cat/ Responsibility for the content of these publications rests fully with their authors, and their publication does not constitute an endorsement by the Generalitat, Irish Aid nor the Open Society Foundations of the opinions expressed. Catalan publication: Editing: Annia García Printing: Printcolor, s.l French, English, Arabic publications: Editing: Caractères Pre-Press Printing: XL Print Photo Credits Front Cover: istockphoto.com Team responsible for the regional report This book owes much to the teams of the Panos Paris Institute (IPP), the Mediterranean Observatory of Communication (OMEC) and to the project partners in the countries of the MENA region: the Algerian League for the Defence of Human Rights (LADDH Algeria), the Community Media Network (CMN, Jordan), Maharat foundation (Lebanon), the Centre for Media Freedom Middle East North Africa (CMF MENA, Morocco) and the AMIN Media Network (Palestine). Coordination of the regional report Charles AUTHEMAN (IPP) Coordinator Olga DEL RIO (OMEC) Coordinator Latifa TAYAH-GUENEAU (IPP) Coordinator Editorial committee Ricardo CARNIEL BUGS (OMEC) Editor Roland HUGUENIN-BENJAMIN (associate expert IPP) Editor Authors of the national reports Algeria Belkacem MOSTAFAOUI Professor, National Superior School of journalism and information sciences, Algiers Abdelmoumène KHELIL General Secretary, LADDH Egypt Rasha A. ABDULLA Associate professor, American University in Cairo (AUC) Jordan Ayman BARDAWIL Former associate general director, CMN Sawsan ZAIDEH Project and development manager, CMN Lebanon Tony MIKHAEL Director of Media Monitoring Department, Maharat Morocco Saïd ESSOULAMI Executive director, CMF MENA Palestine Khaled ABU AKER Executive director, AMIN Majed TALAB WAD SALEH Consultant Syria Amjad BAIAZY Researcher Tunisia Larbi CHOUIKHA University professor, Institute of Press and Information Sciences (IPSI), Manouba University 2 Development of the methodology for the analysis of content Supervision of the national studies and methodological support Author of the regional study based on input from the national reports Dima DABBOUS-SENSENIG (associate expert IPP) Director, Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW), Lebanese American University Contributors to the regional report Ahmed GHAZALI President, High Authority of Audiovisual Communication Marc BOU Expert of the planning department, Catalan Agency for Development Cooperation Khaled HROUB Director of the Media program, University of Cambridge Nacer MEHAL Algerian Minister of Communication Juan MONTABES P. Former President, Mediterranean Network of Regulatory Authorities Ex-President, Audiovisual Council of Andalusia Naomi SAKR Director of the Arab Media Centre, University of Westminster Teresa VELAZQUEZ Director of the Prospection and Research Laboratory in Communication, Culture and Cooperation (LAPREC), Autonomous University of Barcelona Translation : Rada SOUBRA BARRAGE, Morgane CHATEL, Isabelle DUVAL, Anastasia FISCHER, Annia GARCIA, Nadia HAMDAN GATTAN, Christelle Jay RALITERA, Vanessa LEFEVRE, Chloé MONFORT, Jean O’HANLON, Sylvaine PETIT, Nejla SAMMAKIA, Koinos and Lexiapark, s.l. 3 Acknowledgments We thank the donors for their support of this project, the Catalan Agency for Development Cooperation (ACCD), Irish Aid and the Open Society Foundations (OSF) and especially: Yoya ALCOCEBA, Carla CANAL ROSICH and Daniel PELUFFO (ACCD) as well as Marius DRAGOMIR (OSF). We would like to thank, for their contribution to the national studies: Miguel Angel LOMBARDO and Dalia YOUSEF (Egypt); Daoud KUTTAB, Areej HAMMAD, Muhannad SARAWI, Hadeel ALBIS, and Mohammed SHAMA (Jordan); Layal BAHNAM-TANNOURI, Jamal HANNA, Juliana JABBOUR and George SADAKA (Lebanon); Ensam BARHAM, Fares SABAA’NA, Sandi ABU RAHMA, Niveen ABOUL EZZ, Shireen AL-KHATIB, and Hanan AL-RIFA’I (Palestine); Victorina GARCIA VELEZ (Tunisia). We also want to thank Françoise HAVELANGE (former director general of IPP) for her commitment to the project, as well as the following persons for their help in the development and completion of the project and the report: Amin AZZIMAN, John BARKER, Reda BEN JELLOUN, Salim CHEIKH, Martine COQUET, Mohammed EL-OIFI, Riadh FERJANI, Marie-Soleil FRERE, Dorothée FOURNIER, Tourya GAYBESS, Zeinab GHOSN, Salam KAWAKIBI, Rula MIKHAEL, Jamal Eddine NAJI, Nawfel RAGHAY, Katharina NOTZOLD, Lara SHALLAH HABBASS, Albin SOUARES COUTO. The IPP team Charles AUTHEMAN Program manager Pascal BERQUE Executive director Morgane CHATEL Intern Roland HUGUENIN-BENJAMIN Associate expert Clara LEAL-ESTEVE Project manager Sylvaine PETIT Project manager Latifa TAYAH-GUENEAU Program manager The OMEC team Teresa VELAZQUEZ President Olga DEL RIO Vice-president Ricardo CARNIEL BUGS Secretary Annia GARCIA Project manager 4 5 Preface By Pascal BERQUE Executive Director, Panos Paris Institute Television is the primary vector for information and entertainment of the 200 million people in the eight countries involved in this project. The stranglehold of governments on broadcasting is a major barrier to the democratic exercise. The requirements of openness, diversification and pluralism remained confined to the reception of transnational TV channels and many State receptors require a larger control of content. Meanwhile, the emergence and success of satellite television channels and digital media have rarely being used as leverage to real structural reforms of media landscapes. However, the Arab revolutions showed how the reforms of the information sector are a central national issue. At the heart of this challenge, the expression and the voice of the poorest populations, where media space is a key gateway to reveal their situations. In this context, Panos Paris Institute (IPP) initiated in North Africa, since 2007, a work to develop public awareness on the necessary liberalization of the media sector and the importance of regulatory mechanisms. This approach aimed to ensure the public’s right to pluralistic, verified and objective information as well as freedom of expression for media professionals. When we began to engage ourselves in advocacy for the liberalization of the audiovisual sector in the Maghreb and the Middle East, we faced many obstacles. The conclusion was clear: ourselves would be incantatory and futile to claim an opening of the audiovisual sector and to give at the same time, recommendations and demand which are inappropriate and inaudible. It’s difficult to dispel decades of autocratic control of audiovisual media. It seemed essential to adopt a more realistic and pragmatic approach, developed with our network of partners, AMIN, Ammannet, the CMF Mena, the LADDH, Maharat Foundation, OMEC, and associate experts Rasha Abdulla, Larbi Chouikha and Belkacem Mostefaoui, who have long been engaged in the media sector in the region. So, the investment and commitment of IPP and its partners followed this basis: facing the growing number of information channels, media liberalization has begun, and this factual situation will inevitably cause reforms to accompany this change. The public service broadcasting (PSB) is the
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  • Landscaping Broadcast Media in Morocco: TVM's Viewing Frequency

    Landscaping Broadcast Media in Morocco: TVM's Viewing Frequency

    New Media and Mass Communication www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3267 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3275 (Online) Vol.59, 2017 Landscaping Broadcast Media in Morocco: TVM’s Viewing Frequency, Cultural Normalization Effects, and Reception Patterns among Moroccan Youth: An Integrated Critical Content Analysis Abdelghanie Ennam Assistant Professor, Department of English Studies, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco Abstract This paper approaches the Moroccan broadcast media landscape in the age of globally internetworked digital broadcasting systems through an integrated critical content-analysis of TVM’s viewing frequency, cultural normalization effects, and reception patterns as manifest among Moroccan youth. TVM is short for TV Morocco, a handy English substitute for SNRT (Societé Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision, National Radio & Television Broadcasting Corporation). The paper, first, presents a succinct historical account of the station’s major stages of institutional and structural evolution since its inception to date. Second, it tries to measure the channel’s degrees of watchability and needs satisfaction partially with a view to clarifying what this study sees as a phenomenon of satellite and digital migration of many Moroccans to foreign broadcast and electronic media outlets. Third, the paper attempts to demonstrate if TVM exerts any consolidating or weakening effects on the cultural identity patterns in Morocco purportedly resulting from an assumed normalization process. These three undertakings are carried out on the basis of a field survey targeting a random sample of 179 Moroccan second and third year students of English Studies at Ibn Tofail University, and an elected set of media approaches like Uses and Gratifications Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, Cultivation Theory, and Cultural Imperialism.