CA~DOLIC YOUTH DRGA.IZA~IO. ,. -,.,' -~,;;;",.~;;;;"";;-",;;",,,,---~

~ , L.. <--<.-,v,A:;£.-

S1a:t:e::t" Mat'i.e Clare,. s.n. t B.A.

A T1.10s1ssubmltto.d to the Faault1{ 'Of 1;ll$ Grsd;uate SChool:t. M:arquottE) ur.d v6l"'s1t:y , In hl"t.!:tll F!llfillr~$nt Oc£ tho- Requ1!'~m~nts for trie Deg,x>6o~f l'hl:llt.,-:%' oJ? Arts

Milwaukee,. Wisconl:!.n JUly) 1943 11

OF CO NTENTS TABLE ~ " .

CUAP'l'ER I

1 .. lJoeds, o·r Youth" If ", • '...... w ...... 'II. ... \It .. . ' . .. .. ~ .- 1 ., co. Church' s At.t1 tudlJ '!'m'J11.N Youth •...•.••.• •• 5 3. Y<11..rth!i!ovement and Youth OrganIzations .... 1'2

4. .j." oundation or the C. Y . 0 . .• . ..• ...... ••.• 15

CRAPT rsa . II

1. origin and Growth of the outste;nd.1ng Youth Ol';{anlltation in EurQPo - The Jocista... 21

OIiAPTElR- . - III. .

1. Ristor'1cal skat oh o~ t he Church ' s "tt1tude Towa:rd youth . • •. . . . - ••. , ••. ••• 54 2 . Hatlonal Ca.tholio welfar'e O.onfel'e,n.ce

/u1d 7. outh ...... • . • '...... " ' "0 • • • • • • • • . 4·1 a. Cn~hQ , 1 1Q Youth Agene1-cs. . . •• . . • • • • • • • . • • . • 47 iii

l' A B L E OF CO JITENTS

CHAPTh'lt IV

origin and Development of the Oatl.lo11e youth

OI"ganiz.ation in the Archdiocese 01' Chle;ago .... * 55

1. Historical Be.ckground . .•. ,...... 56

2. Ob jac t i ve s ...... • . • •. 56

3 . organiz·stion ...... , ...... '51 4 . Progr am-S-ervlce Bu:reau ...•...... • .. 58

5. Activities • .• .•. • . .. . . •...... • 7:3- 6. Ftne.n.ce s ...... 76

'7. R,esul t G. • • . • . • • • • . • • . . • . • . • • • • • • . • . . • . . • • • 7&

CHAPT-ER V

Origin and Develop."'Y1ent of the Catholic youth or ganization in the Archdioeese of Boston •..•• 78 1. Introduction . .•.....•...... 79 2 . Diocesan or ganization ...... '79

3. D'.),t:te:s of the Deanery Directors...... 80

4. P-ulsh Di .ree-t ·ors .. . . • ~ . .•... . .•.•.. . •. •. . .. . 80 5 . Fundamental principles •.. .• •..•...... ••• 81

6.. Acti vitios! Splr1t1lal - CuI tUPe.l -

Recreational - Hobby- Ol ubs . . • 82 1v TABLE O F CO NTEnTS -- • • . '.' -- ! . ...--

-Gfi.AYrER VI*- origin and Da v.alopment of' t he Catholic youth Or ganizatlOI:l. in the Arehd1oee.se, of' New Yo.r k • • • as

1. Hi stor1oal Baekground .. o, + •••••••• ,•••••••• c. 86

2. or genizat1Qll ...... ~ .••••. . •• ..• " ... as .s. pr0(7'am and Act1vlt101h ••••..••.• •.•.•.••• 88 Recreati onal. . • • ...... • na

O"')'·l ,tura ,l c • • . ' •• II' • .. • ...... , ". .. • • * .. .- • .e, '. ·89

Be-leial ..... t!. If ...... , ., .. "" OJ' . . ...' • •• 90

Scou t1.ng . o· • ••••• • • •• • • • - • ••• " '90 P'llbll.cl ty...... • ...... 9,0

Volunta~~ b'Uraau •. • •• • . • ••.••• • •' 90

Sp i 1'" i tU,nl. . • • . . • . .. .' • . . . • . . . • • . •• 90

4,. Statis:tio61 Sun~a17"""" " "" '" • • •• • • " .91

App~r.dix A Survey and QuGstionnaire . ••. . • 94 ApIJarLdu B Dlocemm Ycr.Jth Directors ...... 100

~1bl.io$l" · aphy . . ••..•••.•.••.• ...... '. ..• " '" .106. v

---FORE\'-10Rll'-----

Today the eye-,s of the world are fo:cuaedon YQuth. Bvel..,-whnre yooth 1& in the limelight, whet-hal' as a problem of the present or as a ~bol of the future. The past twenty yGQI"S of 80o.i 0. 1 ". ecouOllllclil, ·and polItical unrest have isola.ted 'Youth from tne !lUl.S8 of humanltyand have reve a lad. him to 8 world nssomething distinct, Q$s.or.:lething definite, with its 'own: characteristics. it• . Q'fIn exigenci.es:, its own powers . "1'oday, there le. not e. countt'y, not a move ~ ment . whether political, soalal, or religious, whorein

}"Quthis not as}~ed to playa conspicuous. p . ~t. The world has become y outh conscio\ls.

rt'ha Oatholic Cb\WCb., 00lXlg 's. universal Cl'luX"cn, cannot but be 'interested 1n something $,o.,Qrld-wlde· &s the 'stresa being plnced. ~pon youth" She rea11zeg that her youth are boing s{lturat ~d with the- lIbel'S.]., atheistic. anti-saelal influe.nc.es ema:oat1ngfrOO1 the leadel\'s of organlz~d groups.

She 1s also aware of the d,a.;~ora arls1ng frOlU unemployment, too much leisure. and a morally decadent enviromnent , Con "­ sequent,l .,. , t.he Cllul"Ch no longer considers 'tbQ CathQl1c edu-catlon aoquired in a parochial SChool e.s au·f f'1,cient to shape the lives of hal' children. She now reo.ognlzes thase yea.rs from fourteen, to t ;wenty-one as stl!..l bel:anglng 'co tho formative years when youth. lacalled u,pon to weigh

C.athaIlee principles against those of Uamm:on.. Therefore J vi

'beeauslS) youth n~a4s ~ld.anc~, pl"'ote,etlcn, and :s:lneorf,i €l;ppre"" cia:tlontor his rellgiO'l'h the Church bas set in mot.ion a

seri.aeof movsr.lents to gain t retall'h and :reolaiJn. youth. one

of the ,m .Ol1~ reGeontly e.s tab li,$hed. organIzations intl'lis

&eries Is t hat ot the CA'!rlIOLIC YOUTH mtGAYI7..ATI01ir , whleb 1s tho sub Ject of this too$ls.

In the Fll"st ChaJilttll"of tb,1,8 study , 1 nave cat,tempted to bring to lIght tl:1£:l ntiJeds or youth; tnt) past and. present attlt:ude o.f the Churen" which nasculm1nnted in the found&.­ t lon ot the C« Y . () . in the l1nltce.d st,st,e$. •

In Cbapt.er Two, asa bttckgroun.ti for tho ~'es, t of the thesis, I heve glvl'}ll, a d~tal1E1d pictu1"$ of p'$l~p8 the eloaest QPpl~aeh to an existlng youth movement in t;;lle truest sense ~nam.e:ly) that ot the J'oe,i.etsot Europ.e;, 1thel"e> youth t undep )"outb: 1~adereh1p and. lnltlst1ve, aro do ing 80 mtt.oh to

sa,lvage Cllth()~1c.1t7amon6 the working elass. Ch,a,pt(;1" Three tF:ac.es historically the Youth {')r g'an1zQ ....

tiona in the tJnlt:ed St.ates 1 wlth emplUls15 on tbe CatholI0 agencies in the Youth f'ield. 'rile l"(lmnlningaha:ptal"s dGal With theor1€$in and developm.eat Qf the Catho11e youth organiaation in the Aroh­ dh')cas68 ,o:f' Chioago, Boston 1 and wew Yark. BecausC' of th& laCK of material in. l"'Ur'21 d1striots. I wss unable to fol low the o1"1g11)&1 plan Qf studying tw.o predominantly nu~sl gnd two predominantly urban t1Jcet,-ups. In fact" Ioho.se the acbove set-ups bec.a'tls·e-tl1ey bu:d suffioient workable und usef\tl .nlatel:'ial. v11

Iwlsh to express rr:r:r gx"atltu.dG to Dr. P·QUl J. l;~undle" Head of the Sociology DeP8.rtme'ut, Merquett e tinlve:r·sity, for his guidan.ce in the \1rltlng or this thesls.; to n Ight, Raverend 'Michael J. Ready,. Ge:neral Secretary, U. C. W. C." Washington; to Reverend Vincent Mooney, C-.. S .• C• ., .r~~r Director of' the

Youth Bureau., Washingt on; to Re verend .Paul Tannerlt Director of the youth Bureau, Washington, t or his generous assistance and suggoatlon&.. lam also indebted to Re verend Damian

Lyons, 0.'·.. 11 . J S.T.D" Sent. narb.PJ"o , Co.llf'ornla, for per tlnent material vth1ch proved so helpful in thin the:sia; to the youth DlrectOl'1fl at' t ile various' Arcbd1·0,cesea ·end Dioceses 1Ih:os-e p.roorp,t, ooul'teo\ls replies to the qU0stiomullres aldod in lIltlk1ng th1.s study mOl"O interestIng and, 1nform-atlve·. Fins-lIT, I amdeoply gratef'ul to my sister,. Sist et" Lucy Ignatl"",

SistoI' of' Chartty, Mount St: . ;joseph, Ohlo~ viloac encoU:ro.gellWl1t, uncll"1:ng l)at1ance ~ /illld ·able .Q$-s.1.st.anee quae the comple tion of this W01"K pos·s.lhl-a. CHAPTER I

1_ Ne eds of Youth

2 . Chur ch-a Attitude T owa~d YO\lth

:S o Youth Movement and Youth Organl~at1on.s

4.. Found:a.tlon of the Ca.tholic Youth Orgen1.gation 1

nEEDS o F YOUTH

The world 's problems affect youth

YOUTH I S PROBI:E!%l$ partieulru-ly. Alt hough each genera­

tionencounters it.s Indiv1du!\1 pl"oblem ~, the youth o.f t h e prasent face unique difficultle,$· b ecaus.e changes in the circumstances of living have been swift and rad ical. Over and above t he 'Ordinary problems of youth.·-­ the or ientati 'On 'Of mind and body to t he eonveutl·ons· of adulth ood--w6 f ind our whole social, moral _ and ec onomiC strll.cture inns,t at e of flux. Annrt1ele., '''''{outh' s Problems," in the 1941 Uatlonal Catholic Almnnae, lists t he following f actoI'sascauses for t he unsettl ed condition of youth:

1. flThe £'am ily in t he hOlile as t he basic s ocial unit hBS suffered. ' The strese of OUi' tlm~s,as well external as internal, lu.at erla.l and spiritual alik o,lllnd the man ifold e r r'ors wit h the ir count less reper-eu saiolls are tasted by n ol'lOSO bitterly ·as t hat noble little cell" t he f am ily.t (Pius XII" ~summip-on tifie8tus fl) 2. "The influence of relig1on, e s ;) e oial1y outside of t he Cath olic Ohurch , has greatly de el in~d . The majority of' the c hil dren in the

United s tates l .60%# have no relig10n and re­ c elve 1'1.0 religious in struct i on whatsoever.

3. "Means .of oOID.(iiunies.tion and transpor ­ t a tion ll-ave diminished distances; 111o tion pIe tUl"'es, radi o and i ncre-e.singly n:Ul1lerous mag,az,lnes 1 books and newap·apers h ave beeome l llir gel y infl uential in t he life of t he youth . 4 . ttLeis'ur6 time, constantly increasing, will fost-er evil in one not morally i ntegrat ed. Enforced l eisl1re t ittle organized under non­ Chri s tian or materialistic influence presents 2

dangers which must be counteracted by whole- · s ome Catholic usc of leisure time. "5. There is an alarming; spread of juven­ ile crime. Govern>nent records show t hat · nearly 90« of all the erir.'1e s in t he past few years have been eormnitted by youth betwe·en 14 and 25 years of age . The records of murders and homicides reveal that 87'" are committed by youths in their twentie s. "6. There are urgent needs in the socl0· l ogical fields of employment, heaJth and education. The American youth Conlmission , which was formed i n 1935 by the American Ooun­ cil of Edl1.Cation , to investigate the pr oblems 0·£ American youth and to plan for theirsolu­ tlon, reports t he following conditions: t ll.bout Sobs: one third of the unem­ ployed workers in the united states are young people 15 to 24 years of age . There tare about 4,OOO, ooc youth out of wor:k.t It 1

1. "Youth's problems, n National Catholio Alml'.nae , 1941, 338

oureountry at war has helped to modify the unem.ployment situation. l'otany adults have left their various positi ons to work in defense pl.ants , thus giving employment to a number .of our young people . In fact, in the last two years,. there are few stUdents of Ju.nior and Senior IUgh School age who are not working after school hours and on Saturdays. While this con dltion is helprul, in that youth 1,5 occupied, it has its harmf'ul effects which are being realized by those responsible for OUl" youth. The American Youth Commission ' s report continu'es: "About Health: youth lsthe time for health, and yet , these: graa:tscourges prey moat heavily on the young: Tuberoulosis,. veneral dis.eases, death in childbirth, rheUlllStlc heart disease. Less acu te disorders t ake an even gr eater toll :5

of health and happiness. only six outo! s, hun­ dred youth get r egu.lap physical eX&A-nlnat l ons e ver y yee..r. "'About edue.a tion: Half of t he young peo­ p le who h ave left $chool h ave not finished the n i nth grade, nnd many of them haY€!· had for less than nine yea.r s of s chooling. There are lnorc than 3 , 000,.000 a,dults in this country who can't .rend or write. InA-merie s today t herea.re nearly l,OGO, ODO children of e l ement ary school .a.g.e who are not enrolled. in any school. 0 2

2. Ibid ., 338 .... 339

American e-duc lJ.tion is poisoned with materialism, off e.ring fina,nci.. alsuec 'essas its mercenary ObJe ctive. All acute pro"b- lem cente rs about the e(luoation of youth in publ i c schools, w:I. t hcnlt any religious training. pope Pill;S XII writes in ltSerturnLaetlt i ae, " the encyclical l etter to t he Americ an hierarch;!, "We l"Bise our voice in strong , alb.eit paternal comp l ·aint that in so many schools" 0·1' your land Christ often

1s despised 0 .1' i gnored, the explanati on of the universe and mankind is forced wi t h in the narrOw limits of llltateriali,am or of rationalism, and new educsti onal systemssre oought faiter which cannot hut pl'od:ucea sorrowful harvest i n the intellectual and moral life of the nation. n 1.'b.ecathol1c Ohureh has a l 'wB'YS emulated h er

;'PRE SImHCn divine F'ounderf's care fOr tho young. Now .lin> YOU

impious and ixnr,nol'al books, often diabolically circulated at low prices; of the cinema which multiplies every kind of exhibition; and now, also of the radio, which facilitates every kind of reading. These most powerful means of pub­ licity, which can be of great utility .for in­ struction and education when directed by sound principles, are 0-."11y too often used as an incen­ tive to el111 passion and gr eed for gaiI~ . II :;

3. Ibid. , 339

on november 5 , 1920, The Holy Father addressed 8. letter t o the BIshops, encouraging their guidance and protectlon of the young. tI'The Holy Office cnlls the attention of Or­ dinaries of places t o the :t'a·ct that certain asso­ ciations of non-Catholics are dOing gree:t harm especially to t he Catholic youth by dr.awing them away from the faith under the pretext of a.ff ording them opportunities for ph ys.i. ealculture and ed- ucation ...... I t is especial ly young students of both ,sezes who aX' o endangered. 'l'hese &1'e first shaken in their traditional faith, then led to hesi tnte between vnr'1ol1s opinions, then brought to universal doubt .and finally induced to 8:c qui­ es'Ce in Q vague sort of genal'a.l l'elig.lon whlchi.s ce·rtainly i'11r other than that taught by Our Lord oj e ~ms Christ ...• •

!lHence~ this Sac red Qong~egfjt1on asks all ordinaries of p l aces .. who have rece ived from God iri a special way th.e charge of €overning HIs flock , to &,"Usrd young people carefully f rom the contagion oJ' these soc ioties,. through whose so-c&11eei benefi­ cence, &-dm:tnisterod i n the nrune of Christ , t h e most preci olls treasure they have, Ch:t'lst's grace, is l :'npel'iled. TherefoX'o I' warn the unwary,anu confirm thos$ faltering in t he faith; build up strongly in the 8p iri t of Christ such societies of youne; people or both se:;:-es a s YO:1 h~ve . ro!1~n~ you;cultlva te others of ... he S BRt0 Kind ....•

4. Ibid., 339- 340 5

As a fitting ffummary , I quot e t he following parngr,aph of Monsignor George Johnson, of t he Catholic University of America! IIAIl1e rican youth needs employment, it needs health, it needs recreation , it needs a good home and it needs more and better education. But 'bas icall¥ and i'undS).'llont a: l 1y American youth needs God . " ;) ._------_._------_. 5 . Rt . Rev . 'M sgr. George John'son, Ph ~ D ., IlThe :flo ods of Youth, tf p . 14. This article 1s reprinted from the January .. 1938 , issue" or-The Catholic Educ·ation Review. 6,

CHURCH'S ATTITUDE TOWl~RD YOUTH ~~_.;.;.....c.....,;.;....;.,..

UThe hopo of t he Church in Amorice. snd of the nation itself 11es in the youth of today. i'l

During t he past nineteen hundred years of her glorious history, t he Chureh h as ahrays manifested a gr·ea.t solicitude for youth. F X'01U t he t i me when Our Bl essed Lord showed a spec1al t endernes$ and affection for children and expr e ssed Blmse lf in those toucbing words , "Suffer the little children to come unto Me, and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven, ll zealous bishops and priests and members of t he laity have devoted t heir time and energy to the care of t he young .

The sacrif i ce s made by the Ca.thol1cChurch in this count!'"'J in t he field of education are known to all of us .

The nearly two million fj.ve hundred thousand children in

O'atholic schools andOlle hundred thousand consecrated re- l isieus teachers, speak e10quently of the Church's concern in t he united s tates for the youth ccomm. itted to hereare. Oatholic schools! primary and secondary, Parish Sunday schools, colleges, universities, and pariahsocie tles, have, anel still continue to p lay , an i mp-or-tant role in fortifying the religious convictions of t he Catholic youth and strengthening t heir bonds of attachment to t he Ca.tholic Faith.

But schools alone are not sufficient to cachle've this task . Alert membe rs of the Hi erarchy are aware of the present trend s and needs. OrganizeclCatholic effort in "I behalf of youth was .strong ly urgod in a decree 01" the Holy

Office issued in Rome en November 5 ,. 1920. COni'orming to the request of t he Holy l"ether" t he AAleriean Hierarchy has seriously viewed t he problemsc'Onfrontlng t he Qatholie youth and have vlg o:t:01.l.s1y endorsed the for!n~tion 'Of Y01.1tb organl- Bations under C'atbolic tluspic e s', as t hey readily x'ecognize t he extreme neces s ity of' s a f eg'..lsrd lng Catholic y,outh during its l eisure hour'S.

Our Ho l y Fathel" ~ Flus XI, in !lis Encyclical on the

Yl ·Chril:rt:l.an Education o.;f' Yo-nth, It clearly states: flIt 1s no less necessary t.o direct snd watch the education of the adolescent, 'soft as wax to be moulded into vleet in whatever other emtlronment be t;n>a.y happen to be, remov­ ing OCC&SiOllS of evi.l and providing occasions. for good in his re,crea tion anel social inter­ course; for 'evil cOmIDunicationseol'l'Upt good manne:I's . t raore than ever nowaday s ane'xtended and c areful vig il~xlce is necessary, iU1'lsJn1.l.eh as t he drange:r'sof moral and .r e lig i ous ship­ wreck sre greater for inexperienced youth. It 0

6 . C • Y • 0 .. :!'Mm.ual, F ort Wayne , Ind •

.------~~----~------~~---..- .

The Apostolic :Delegate to the United States , the Most

Reverend Aml e to Glovanni C1coganni , in addI-easing the ha-'., t 10,nal convention of t he Na tional Councilor catholic

WQ!11en., ,endorsed their efforts in behalf of' youth when he said.: Iforganiee youth ever mor e 'Widely on t he found a.tion of that piety and wisd oxll which is pl"op~r t o you,. ano.a.b'Ove aU in exemplifying a.nd app l y ing the truths of the Go.$pel to the social l i fe of the day ....•..• '1'0 g ive to our 'youth a lOVE) of Ce.tholic truth and ad~termi ­ nation tocat'PY' it out both in personal lif. a p el as members of Catholic organi~ation.8, i .$ 8

a. really great crusa.de to which you may lend all the resources at your command . " 7

7. Ibld,

The Mos t Reverend Sa.rrruel Strltch, Archbishop of

Chic·ago, anardentgupportel~ of t he Catholic Youth Organi- zation, forclbly state s:

IlEy bandiuB together in a great Catholic Yout h Drganization the Cat holic youth of' the country, it is possible to promote Christian idealism in yout h and to oppose with holy vigor the move­ ments which contradict Faith and Reason. U 8

8 . Ibid .

.------~------~---,------The organizer of the first Catholic y outh 11ov

Bishop of Chicago, has this to sa'Y ~

"prom the very beglnn:l.ng, youth has ahlays been the concern of the Church. It could not be otherwise, for the Divine liIas ter laid the f'oundetion when He gently rebuked tho Apostles who , in t heir tender C 81'e of Him, endeavored to disperse the children gathered abou t His s:acred knee~ 'Suff'ar the little children to C01'ue unto lJe and forbid them . not, for of such is t he kingdom of heaven! " 9 ------9. Tbld.

In his ptas·torsl l e tter of March 24. 1935, outlinIng the purpose of the Catholic youth organization of the Archdiocese of CinCinnati, Archbishop John T. Mc1'r lcholes stated: 'lIr we do not t e.l<;;e cs.ra of t he youth of our diocese n ot merely through our schools. but throue;h tan organization t hat w111 provide 9 safeguards for' them in their l e isure time, the result of our fa.ilure toasSUlUe and to dj,s'" charge this responsibility will l11anU'est 1 tsalf in the coming generati ons .. We must develop in 0 1.11" youth a Catholic rrumtal1ty, and ~.. e must continue to instruct them in moral principles; we mu st convince them that true self-expression consists in self-discipli ne, self-restraint, Qnd sslf-govoI'IWJ:ent . 1'I 10

10. Ibid. -----,----- ._------!n the Catholic Youth Organlz.atlon nurflher of' the Oath- ollc. Universe Bulletin, the ,:Most Re verend Joseph Schrembs, of Cleveland, says: fiThe youth of today are the builders of tomor-row ' s 01 vl11zation and culture . The l ,at­ ter c annot have a solid Ohristian foundation unless the architects Ilre thoroughly trained in practi cal Christianity. The' Church nas always recognized this principle and ever jealously safeguat>d.ed t he fa.1 th of the l ambs of her flock as the ' pearl of great price ' t hat must be prized beyond all other posses­ sirms. fI 11

11. Most Re verend Joseph Scnrembs. "Message to the Cath­ olic You t h Organization,11 Catholic Universe Bulle tin, Decerilber 16 , 1938. '

In his world-w:t(H~appesl for t he betterment of all so­ ciety today, the fi nly Fat her has frequently spoken of the

,care of youth. He realizes that the, w€llfnre of t he soclal order of t he future depends upon the proper c.ulture of the youth of today. If' the soul of the youth is right, all is right; if the soul of t he youth is s aved .. all i s sa ved.

And if the youth i s s aved, our future and a,leo the future of t he Church 1s secure. 10

That there is definite need for an organized youth progr am under Cathol i c auspices at this time , none can deny .

Ne i t her c an we r efuse the challenge by refusing to parti ci­ pate 1n the deve lopme nt of this pr oject. I t is a chance to t r anslate Cathol i c Action into act ion, and no great er oppor­ tunity for service has ever come to us. Today , youtl'l faces new d angers--dungers Ilih lch we r e unheard of in t he past . \fIe need but glance a.r oul1d us to learn that youth is being organized for every ph ase of activi t y . Variou9 forces, many of whieh are obviously detrimental t o faith and morals , are v l£) ry active along t hese lines. and in many field.:s , youth a s soc iations are rnul tiply i ng rapidly . If we do not organi ze Catholic YO\l th undor the protecting aim of t he Church, then other agenCie s will do i t for U~.

The tragedies foll owing in t he wal{e of Cormnunism are witnessed daily. sordid literature, vicious amus e c:tents, countless counter - a ttractlons, irresp,-"onsl ble leader s con­ tinually beckon t o youth, andeonsequently sclf-p );' 6serva. tlon requi res so{!;.e concerted acti on on our part.

The Most Re vere nd .John Mitty, Archbishop of S·an Fr an­ cisco, recently s aid t hat t he preservat ion of Oat holic ideals aud sttUlda.rds in s oc ial l ife and action depends to a great extent on t he care and guidance gi ven our you t h , and that t he development of Chri st in our boys 'and girls t hrough t he Church and t he Sacrame nts is further assured by our eeneern in meeting t heir e ssential needs, social, 11 cultural,. and recreational, by a we l l - rounded and varied progr am of' activi t ies under prope rly trained leadershlp. 12

YOUTH MOVEM:E:NT AND YOUTH ORGA!rIZllTIOllS

J)espi te the prominen.c e given to youth today, i t i s neverthele ss difficult to pl.aee t he finger on anythlng that ml e;ht stri ctly be defined as 'D. youth ltlOVement. that i s, a movement of youth, for youth. by youth. We bear much of the so- cul led flYouth Movem.ent" in the UnIted States, the

'!youth Movement II in the Catholi c Church. Both a ppelations are mislea ding . There are no youth move:r.tents in the United stat.es. no youth movement in the Cat holic Church.

A movement L~plies spontanei ty • .something propelled from within. It i s a free and natural resur gence of the sp irit. It i s t:l!. sudden I!l.l"ticula.te expression of hitherto concealed anp irations and ambitions. To ftuote from the Uni ted States (toverm:1ent Bulletin: "In its original sense , a y outh movement is the outward express.i on of a s pontaneous reaction on t he part of youth to existing con­ ditions. Usually vague in its purpose because of youth I Iii inht~rent idealism. it i s comp letely divorced from adult inspiration and leadership. 'Phus the a ssociations of the Jllgendbewegung in Germany were genuine youth movements untll political and reHg l ous orgl'l ni.zations gained control of l!laDy of · them and turned youth's thoughts and ener gie f~i nto very definite and 1l specific channels. .)

13. W. Thacher Winslow, fl youth: A World Problem," Unl ted States Goverr.ment Printing Office , 1937. 15

-"--~------It 1s true theJ'e have been s pont aneous outbursts on the part of youth to proelai'!l thei r own ideas in conscious

rev'oltaga1nst t he old" established order of thing s~ A

certain anitlosi t.y 11S .9 alvu• .ys prevailed between the older 10

and the younger generati on. The one being unable to un­ d.erstand t he other., mut u al relati ons have alway s ooen more

0'1" l ess s trained . yout h , however , with its inexperience , has nevel;' been able to or gani ze i t self successfully against t he preva i ling order' of' things.

Pr ior t o the f'1rs t Wor l d War, Germany WB.S best known for youth movement s . But then they wer'€.; n on-poll t i cal .

:'hey showed p r i marily a. mar ked trend agai nst t he ext reme inte l l ect ualism of t he school and an eff ort t o e scape f rom t he materi alis:n and rout ine of moder n i ndustrial l i f e . Bu t t hin gs have sinc e changed. The yout h movements , f ormei'ly so individualistic , auton omous, and be a r ing t hnt t e l l -tllie characteristi c--revol t .agf.lins t :30c iety-- ~tr e n O'11 but an integration of the ideol ogical and politlcal groups which h ave f oi sted themsel ves upon society since the V'l orl-d War.

Perhaps , t he closes t: approach t o an exi s ting yout h movement in t he trues t sens 9 ar e the ,Toe l -a te of Bel gium and Fr ance , where yout h , under yout h l eadership and i nitia ­ t ive a r e doing s o much to sa lvage Cat hol i c i ty among the worki ng c lasses . In t he United St at e s, s ave for a f ew s por adic and aborti ve at t empt s , we have never ha d, nor dOlVe have today

{l: y outh mo vement. But ,. t his 1s the i ;nport ant dis t i nction I wi sh to emphasize . We have had , and sti l l h a ve today, various youth or ganizat i ons--definite , specific, wor kab le pr' ograms pr epared b y fedel'sl, stat e , civi c, relig i OU S, non-sectar ia.n groups, adult in conception and adult in l4 direction, truat seek to guide, c ontrol , enlighten, co­ ordinate , unite , or benefit young pe.ople . Same of. them

11ke the Y. li. G. A., the Y. W.C .A ., the BOy Scouts, the Girl

Scouts I' and t h e 4-H Clubs r.&ve besn solid ly establish ed for years . They have been cap a.bly plsnned and e fficiently managed. But the point to recall Is t hat they di d not begin as movements , but as yout.h or ganiz a tions conc eived, ina.ugurated Elnd controlled by adult leadersh ip.

Pa.ra lleling them in t he Ca.tholic Church mi ght be l1sted our Young Men's and ¥o' mg La.d i e s' Sodalities, and the

Junior Holy N.ti'L'<1eSoclety. The latest yonth organiZation under' the au spic e s of the Catholic Churc h in the United

States 1s t hat p opularly kno\'ffi as the C.Y. O. 15

FOUNDATIon OF THE CATHOLIC YOUTH OROAHI7..AT I ON

Varied ElI'e the opinions regarding the C.Y. O. In the early years of its inceptIon some looked upon it BS an athletic program, fostering boxing , football and the like . ot hers considered it as an instrument of social work, of fighting juvenile delinquency, etc . ~I ow there are those who identify it ,vith study clubs , reeding circles, debat- ing 6rganizatlonsand schools f or training adepts in par- liamentary procedure. Still others view the C.Y. O. in terms of Boy Scouts, 4,.. H Clubs, Sodalltiea, etc . The mo st common accepta.nce is t hat of 9. step-gs.p to occupy in e. construetive way t he l eisure hours of youth, particularly urban yOl.lth. The activities areu5ually classified under such headings as I'eli g l o us ~ aoc ial, recreational, guidance end cultural. Re verend Paul Tanner, Plrector of the Ca.tholic Youth Bureau of the H. C. W. C. , suggests a.t least four fundame ntal points in the foundation of a C. Y. 0: 1. The Idea. of an Apostolate 2.. Organizat Ion 3 . Progr am L 4 . Necessity of Adapt ation Assn Apostolate we think of the C.Y. O. THE IDBA OF as a phase of Catholic Action--the par- AN A.POSTOLA'i'B ticipation of the lat ty in t he Ap ostolate of the hierarchy. Each social group becom.es apostles in its own social s e t t lng-'-workers :for workers--st udents for students--a youth for yout h. 16

The distinction between organization and o.RGANIZATIOU .p rograrl1. Many persons are c onfused in their viewpoints toward the C. Y. O. because they have a few rlilthE'lr basie .misunderstandings of

what a youth organtzs..tion 1·s. They fail to distinguish be­

tween a progr arn for youth and an organi zat~~ for youth. They sometimes t alk of their youth orga.nlz·atlons, when in

fact as So s ubstitute .for adorQuate organization, they have a few disorganized activitlea. Or they speak of their program when they have set up a structureoi' organization wJ. thout making provision for t he activiti es by which alone such a

structure can b e jus tified. 'l'hey confuse radical youth movements, or' £I;: anized and led 'by youths, with adul t - guided youth or ganizations which share responsibility with youth

and v/hich a im to cooperate with the Church~ h orne and school i n making the y outh ot today into substantial citizens of tomorrow. The progre...m of activities not only justifies itself by t he worthwhl1encss of one or sevel'sl of itse.ctivlties ,

but also by the fs.et that it a ttracts youth to the organi­

zation,. which in turnsoclalizea, unif ies, balanc0 ~ , and

renders per lllBnent the program. The execut10n o.f t he progrw of activities is tile reason for the existence and the final measure of success of the organization. As a phase of Oat holic Action, the C.Y.O. follows in

its organizati onal structUl~e , t he tradlonnl lines of the Catholi c Church, t hat is, es a diocesan org.aniza tion it 17 comes into being by the will of the Bishop and looks to him as its final source of author'ity and policy. According to Father Tanner who, for s om.e years , wa s connected with youth work in Milwaukee, a. C. Y. () . is :

o •• • • • a youth organization and progr8.n~ in which, under proper adult .guidenc0 , . t he activ­ ity and responaibUlty is helng placed on youth t hemselves in en ever incre.ssing measure. Tl:lOse who have launched the C .. Y. O. hope by this process to avoid the unhealthy dependence which develops v/hen young men and women are de­ prived of the salutaryexper1ence of self­ leadership. In t he O.Y. O., effort ha s been made so intimately aud so naturally to we ld a dult wisdom with youthful enthusla.Sl:1 that neither will irk the other and both will never lose sight of common ob jectives. It is o·f paramoun t i mp ort a.nce that adult leaders have a c lear conception of this method of operation, in order to avoid t he common blunder of at­ t empting to do for youth what youth ehould do for themselve s. The role of the adu l t leader is to succeed, not by doing things for youth, but rather by getting youth to do things for th~J'I;n solves . tr 14

14. Rever end Paul Tanner, liThe Foundation of the C.Y. O., " Our Sunday Visitor, Oc t ober 29 , 1939.

Scope and division of the program.-­ PROGRAM The C. Y. O. 1s diocesan in its planni ng, but basically parOChial in its nat ure and execution. In the C. Y' . 0 "1 a diocesan atef!' plan a com- prehensive program of such activities as will moet t he needs and interests of all youth, boys &nd girls, younger and older, r ural and urban. This comprehensive progr-am is made available t o the you th organizations in t he several parishes. When t hese organtzations haveaccept cd the progrSL'1 , the d i ocesan staff, wit h whom it originated , stand by to render 18 such addi tional sel'vice s as the pari sh group s may requ.1re, or to mnks such amendsnents es t he wisdom of parish experi­ ence may suggest. For c01i1peti t i va aeti vit ies this s a;,,'11. e stoff' determines and enr'orces the cond iti ons of competition.

In the strictest sense , the di ocesan progr8l'll i s ill. progr am fruitless nnd n eaningless un.less accepted and exe­ cuted by pa r I sh orgRn l za t i ons. This di ocesan proiU't;L't'i envi sions all t he youth whom i t ,aims to serve. It thus bec ome s so comprehensi ve that even the most highl y or gan1zed group will f1.nd difficu,lty in c arrying out its every lactiv­ tty. Howe ver, it i s doubtful wh-etbe r there i s, any par i s h that cannot find much t ha t is useful in t h e richness of t h e oi'f'ering. ! n ascending order of hnport ane e , the dioce sa n progr am. should provide activities in s cout. ing, c amping, and f or rural yout h 4- 11 Club Vlork ~ athletics, hobbles , soeial and r ecreational acti vities, vocati onal e,uidanc e , cul tural and religious acti vi t ics . lIo,;; much will be llsedin anypartloul ar' inst ance must depend on l ocal needs and r e s our ces.

The Function of the JJivision .--The distinction of the diocesan planni ng from t he parochial execution nntur£l l ly brings one to an i ntermedi at e organi.za tiona l device, t he dlvlai on--a combinati on of a number of par.1 she s in a given locality. 'r'he division , primarily a serving devi ee, has been set up t o i'Belli t ate the execution of' t he program; to bring i ts details closer to the se veral parishes; Bud 19 to c ar ry the problems , d:Lff ieulties, and suggesti ons of t h e per lshes directly to the dioc e san o1'1'1c e8. Ina-ctivities which l end them$olv e s to inter- parochie.l compe tition, t he division offers a. l1atur:aJ. competitive unit. [rhus in the a,. Y.·O. 1 wc mu st distin g'uish three phases of one program:

First, t h ere i s t h.e p a.rish phase ,. consi st. i n g. of projects a c tually eondl1cted: in the p a.ri s hes. From t he standpoint of parti cipati on this is t ho basic: phas.e . Second, t here is t be divisional pha.se , by which severel adja.cent p ari shes eo.operate wI th one anothe!' in sol ving problems. and p r ovid- i:ng opportunity for inter-paTochial p art~ cipet:i.on Rnd COIU- petition. Finally, t here is the diocesan phase--th.e comprehensive pr'ogriU"ll--which r epresent s the su,,'11 total of all a cti vities on a. d loce s r-n:l basis. JUst as no two individual youths are

!lEla l'IECll:SSI'l"Y alike~ so in a dioc.ese , no t wo parishes OF ADAPT A'1'I Ol~ are alik e , nor is the youth problem in any two parishes exactly i dent i caL Each pastor, thel'efore., mu st h ave the liber ty of adapti ng t he d i oces an program to his peculi arclrcUlli sta nce s.

The s a:rne pr lnc1ple appl ies \li1hen thinking of the 1'Tat1on- al. C. Y. 0 . problem • 1t bas 'been 'said that about 80 per cent o,f t h e Cathol:'t cs in the United States live in IlOll'le f ifteen or twenty dioceses, .and t he reJ:lla ini).'lg t wenty p er cent a re thinly scattered over some ninety to' one hundred di oceses.

O'bvloualy, therefo!:'e , the d i ocosf'.n C. Y. O. will be one t Iling in a popul ous ur ban center ) and quite another t hing in Be sou t l1ern or western rural ter r itor y . 20

In conclusion, l e t us remembe r t hat t he Catholic Youth Organization serves as an antidote to t he poi sonous t h inking and acting so l"filJl1pant in this country in t he in­ tellectual, religious, social, economic, and recreational fields of activity among youth. It does not intend to supplant the already existing youth organizations in the individual parishes, but to unite them on a city- or clioca san-wide basis. It s e rve s as a COl"':1l'!10n source of new ideas and me ans of [l\:lalwnlng our youth to the present-day problen s and t heir responsibility to themselve s, the Church . and the nation. It is another in a long series of pastoral t echnique s in the age- old priestly labor of bringi ng all

~len to t he saving }.:li1owledge. servlce ,and love of God. The foundation of the C. Y. o . is Jesus Christ-- Iton no othe.r foundation can we build Instingly Or' e ffectively for ete)}mity. U 0 C1 t-3 Cfl I'i l'-l»- ~ ~ 0 t;) ~ I:tJ H H ~ Q Q H 0 H ~ ~ ~ ::; ~ ~ 0 0 'tl I:; ::g 0 ~ !iil ;:c ~ .-.9 e ~ (') <) tll l.l: ~ tfj c;':i ~ ~ 0 :;l;) 0 10 . ~ ~ .,; ~ t; ~ i:l:l HI to N ~. H 0 Z 22

T HE J001 ,S'1" ~A OVE MEN T -- ...... ------_ ....

Ij,'be- J. O. C. (Jeunesse Ouvriere Chretienne : OBJ,EO'l' Young Christian Worker s ) 1s pe,rha,ps one

of t h e mos t s 'U e ~c es-8ful moY(€}mentsof Cathol i c Aettontodey. It is a mas s movement thatall"1S a.t uniting under i t s lHmner all young werk er-s without eXcep~ tian.. Realizing the desire of f i us XI t hat tlthe first and. l mmediat e apostJ,es of t;.h0 w()rldngtl'l:en must tllems elvos he worldn gmen, tl 't he J:O'cists s tr-i va t;i:1I'ough a t~ t ho!'o'.;tg.h basi:s of reli~~ i ou s Imowledge, a. vig ol"'oUS s acr'.e;!!lent sl lifetand 8: zeal f Ol' souls. n to gain over t o 'Christ theil' \Vor-king com- pani o1!ls., They-seek through s p iritual deve lopment to be

Gm;> i stlike e-very\vhera and at all tllues>. For their physical and .social deve lopment they have study ei rclesjJ hom$s ., training schools, l"'e crea tion ha.lls ,(lanlp$~ news pa pers,,- bookS# pamphl€ts, I1bl"arh's " etc.

lEVery young w-orker \'fho, has If'ea.che·d the MEMBERS l.egal age to go to work €I an h e a. member of the J. 0,. C .03:'of the J. o. C. Ii'. {;fe\Ulease Ouvriere Onretienne Fe-m.illine) . In. most countries the age limit i s t 11irty:; wh en t hey attain t hat ageo!' are lnarr'led t he members are tlsked to p ass in,to other C.atholic Action organlzatiQns or in.to t he 0x-Joei s t s' or ganization, th!\t t . O.C .

(Ligue Ouvr1ere Chre tiel:l.nEH I.eague of Christian WOf'kers ) . 23

The J. O.C. movement originated in Belgium FOUNDATION where it was founded by Joseph Cardijn, as a result of his repudiation by his friends of the working cla ss because he decided to become a priest. He t hereupon det ermined to devote h is priestly life to the forming of a more s}r.mp athetic bond of cooperation between the priests and the workingmen. Appointed curat e of the parish of 'N otre Dame of Laeken, a suburb of Brussels. in 1912, he saw the havoc caused by the ·evil surroundings in which the !llasses worked and lived. It was e stimated at that time that within six months after leaving Ca tholic schools to go to work, 60 per cent lost their faith, and with in a year, 90 per cent. Re alizing that the working class neej ed organiZation, enthusiasm, and aconsciousnoss of the dt gnlty of t heir vocation,. Father Csrdijn grouped together young g h'ls and young men to train the!1l selves to become leaders so t hat they could help themselves and their fellow workers. To them he said ! "We are going to conquer the means of grace for ourselves, our families, our comrades in the factori es, our parish, our city, our country, our world. We shall conquer them all for Christ. II During two years of formation they wore taught, to observe, to think among ther!tselves for the proper solutions of their problems and to act accordingly.

During the first World War the moveme nt kept Q.live de­ spite countless difficulties. Father Cnrdljn hil':ls elf wa s i mpld .soned twice (in 1917 and 191.8) by German m.ilitary 24 suthol'1ties who resented both his pa.triotis..lU and his influ­ enceamong the young workers . After the war Belgium' s n e eds we re great. The country wa s laid desolate and OOl'tmlunists were sowing seeds of rebellion. In 1920 five priests joined Father Cardljn in bie work and soon similar groups were crested in Brussels and many neighboring citie s and villages. In 1921 they began the publ icatIon of the fl Jeunesse Syndi-

6allste U (Young Syndicalist Workers)~ and in t he same ye ar the bishops of the French dioceses in Bel gium formally approved the A.O • .1. B. (Association Cnretienne de lao .1ounesse Be I ge: Ohristian Association of Belgi.an Youths), thus giving t he various groups a moral unity .

On East er .sunday, 1924, t he young m~n workers accepted the definltiY8 constitution g iven them by Fat .bsr Cardijn ·,md became known as .1 . O. C., from which inl tlals of the organ­ i2'dltion the term Jocist, appli ed to 'll ember$~ is derived. Soon aft erward:s, the bishops of all Belglmil declared the J.O.G. to be the officia l Catholl.a Action fil oveme nt for the working youth, and they enjoyed quasl ~autOI'lomy within the A. C.J .B. on Febrll.ary 1. 1925 , the young womenworl':: ers adopted the constitution and took the title of .1eunesse

OUVrie1"6 Ghret ierme Feminine, or J. O. O. F . The textbook of the young wcorkers, the "Jocist Manual," was published in October of that ye,ar. 25·

In t heir' first Nationa l .convention he,la..

BE.WI'tTM iu nrus601s in 192[S, only a few tl'undreo

rol"'k~X's wel""e ,Pt'0 se nt; ten years later on Au.gust 25, 1955, tho same c ity saw 100. .,.000 J'ocists fI'Cl.:l vorl-ous nations gnt her -ed t ogether tQ cel~brat · e the t enth

.u..:;ml.vel"'s.ary of the ~ounda t i on of t~ J . O. C.. Itl 1939 t here

~-le·re nt leas t 110 , ~ O ')O Jocist s .:tn B.(}lg1um. Leokage from t ile

Ch.urch had no t mer ol y b een stoP!,od but t hOU!HiUlds were c Olll.ing lnto t..fle Church t hrt:.lili3h i ts inf luenoe .

In JUne ~ 1 926 , t ho $;nall but lnap :1I'lng FRAHCE Bal.giel'l newspaper, ftr.a Jeunesse Ouvrie1"e , "

CaL'l.e into t be hands of foul" young W'orl{;c:r-s of C11chy, at t hatt;.i!tw in the so-ee,lIed c o""1'tunistle 'belt arcnmd Poris.. /1, 8 one of tho.'n wrote . "OUli' hem>to until t hen sQ "skeptical ~ so wounded by fuse· pro'p a~F.1 nd Ei:l b-agau to be f'lJ.lod with hope . We Y1e re like tb~ t i 8 bt') r;l~ten of Gal!lee,

,'hen the:¥, he cX'd .for the first t k.e the l1bc rntll'..g mcst'H,>.,gG ot C.b,r i zt . It PQl:' reLd l n~ t hero of ll. p m rer'i'"y.l Cln'istlen,

-organ lZtl-l:iol1 crent ed by 10Ul'lf~ worl:a: rs l Ure the::::l selves for t h e bonefit of t l10 ~"Ork 11'~ yout h , tbey thought of t he tl'e'" mendo'llS possibilities such Q roO've~ent mig.ht have on t;neil' own s1.:rrroundings and on t h e work ing youth of li're.uce. li'atbtr Gueri n , a. (}uratf) at 011cny, t o whom t.hese tour young wor'(; ors. went for guidance, bccfl,.'1le t hai!" Ie-Eider. One whole yen:!' WIlS pll a sed in e c ~. r ei'ul study ot the Belgian J. 0. C., Wi tho $Oll'.l.0 a daptations t he .t:1.ove:rnent \'Vue re1lltty t o be launched in F:t"Qrlce . GO

In June ~ 1927, plnns wero made for a mass meeting of young wor kers . Almost 700 invitations w el~e sent to themj70 answer ed t he call, and at t he end of the meeting 6 had joined t he group of founders.

In FebruaI'Y, 1 ;i2B, the f irst section of t he J. O. C • Ii' •. ,

( L e . young \'(omen wo:r'ker~) wa s f ounded i nC11chy. In June c,r t hat same year this gl"Q'up began t he publication of its own newspaper .. l.t.La JeunesseQuvriere ~ ar"' inine ,n VJi th 1 , 200 lithograph ic copies. In november, 1928 , both groups held their .fi.rst 3.tudy- Week and Nati-onal Convention which 3,000 workers attended. r~ o one t hou,ght at th.e t L-n6 t h a-t ~ueh a movement wa.s soon to counteract oommunistic and s ocialistic influenc es in Fr ence- .

While the l eftist newspaper s deJ:'ided t he mee ting, other neWSpap(l!'S i gn() red the event . Such was th$ streng th o f the movement , howBve-r, t hat tn July, 19:37, about 8- 5 ~ O OO young wor kers, delegates from 84 d l 1'fsl'ent countries, :me t i n Paris to ce1ebrnt e the tenth anniversary of: the l'oulldet1on of t he

J. O ~ O . in "' ranee .

Offic ial statistics for t he last 13 ye a l's clear'ly indicate t he r apid gro wt h and wtdeap r e s.d influence of t he

J . 0,. C. in Fr enee t

J. O. C. (Young Men) .J . O. C . F. ( Young Women)

Year Federations Sections Feder ati ons s ections

1 92.7 9 35 ~, 15 1930 42 303 29 200 19{!3 70 550 45 300 193'7 86 734 96 650 1939 130 1100 I SO 1 200 27

1'0 19 39, ~1:1er e we:t'o t~,bou t. 1,QO , OO(J .Tao i sts (lnGn snd woman ) i n FX'c.nc{). (lru1. t h:el"'-e wars 992 s e c t ion s o:f" t:u e J. OMC" reody to b e aff1l1,e, ted; t his woul d r uiae the nw!.o e!' of' seet10ns to 2 , 002 and t nG il1eulb ~l"'$h1p of t h e ' J. O. C. t o

1 27 " O ~)Q . S 1:" i l~n ' ly t ho .J. o .. C. it., had 'YO:) s ections res dy t o l~e aff 11intod.; t hia i'loul.d bring t he nW::lb or of sQ.c t 1orts of' t he ;r . ~ . (: . !" . t o 1. (0) , and -me1'lP.ershi p t o apprO'x'1matel y

1 12, OtJ.I .

In f' r8nc~ as i n Be1g1uGl. t..i:to J . O,. C. and the J . O. C. l' . p:r :t~ :l t ' " ha ~ r ,,,,m n CI"'\fI'sp:o-P0ra, :2ttls?' z!n£l's , rH~t'l!,lhlJ'1. t$ , b

-e t c . I and i t i a int oresting to not e t hat t he u.J'C'lJnt)Bso

Ouvr1e re- Pom1nine ~ (:)Cnt hly) ~ \,lh:h~ hat t h e) t ime of i t s t'i1:' st i 5$1;(6 had it 000 oopies . i n 1939 had tot al of

175, ')00,. 'rhe !l .je ~..moeso Ouvri ere, " p"lbli ahed e ve r y fU'teen days by the .i .. O. C., he-d Q c l r eu l ot1ou of l 50 ~ fy)" . t ' l:)'l" e:z.cooding that of c omJ:lun i s tlc Q11d socialist i c publicat i ons

£o ~ young workers.

Dur'ing t ho r e.cent eoonomic er i si s) t he J' ~ O .. C.. fil-lld t he .1 . 0 .. C .. F . orgtlntzed .i t a O\m 6;:lploy.:t1un t om'oau, of prance .. I t p l"'oV' l.dcd 11, 0 ,')0 Vfor ke rs wi t h j oba. I t e 1"611.¢1' Burea\a diGtr lbutot! mcr-v than 300, 1')00 franes, t o t lw Ile(Hly, be. lll :i de ~ p!'ovl rig f'O :.dJ! she l t ~ r end .. lot hing f or t'h~ '1'1-11 ,8 m.erited ten: t hem .an a.ward f r o:n t.h e lllrench Academy.

In Ma,.y ;li 1951" !<' litt he~ Hen);'! Roy" C) . ~~ . 1. )

CAll1.l)A org tin i ze d t. he f l :r'st sllcce a s t'ul J o c ist

s ect i on of young Wt'ln'lGn in Cr.:.tltitda, and in !~ ove:,;l)e r of t h~ t -y0fll' a ,.To·cist se c t i on f'Oli' young ,non 28

v.ns also founded. Notwithstanding its vast aren, the Cnn­ adinn J.O.C. has made great progress in a felCl years. In 1935, when they held their first liational Convention in ontrea1, 15,000 Jocists from four Canadian provinces and from New Hrunpshlr e , Vermont, Illline, and Illinois were

present. At thID.t t ime it had 35 federations and 300 seo­ tions. On July 23, 1939, the Canadian J.O.C. held its second n ational Convention in }'lontreal, and delegates from seven Canadian provinces were there besides mnny from the United stat es. Today there are 51 fede-rations and more than 450 sections r epresenting a total membership of approximat ely 40,000 Joclsts. The high-light of this laatcol1v8'ntion was the slmu1- .taneous mass marriage of 105 Jocist couples 1n Montreal 's baseball sta.dium, before 25, 00') spectator.s, with t he Arch­ bishop of Montreal presiding. The purpose of this mass marriage wa.s part of n carefully thought out plan lito off­ set the unfavorable publicity mnrr1age 1s getting from the

world'3 divorce courts . 11 POl' one yea.r these 105 couples

followed & curriculum lncluding religion, morals, home economics and medicine. gvery three months for the next five years these young couples w1.11 be interviewed, a.nd

to f acilitate such a task, the Canadian J.O.C. h&i3 orgo.n­

ized fin ex-Jocist movement , similar to t he L.O. C. already in existence in France. 29

The J . O. C. has already been launched in UNITED STATES the tJnited s tates under the title of young Christian Workers. Besides the b'"UmerolJ.S s e ctions in t he industrial cities of New England-- sactions whioh are at present affilia.ted with t ho Ca.nadian J.O .• C. --thero ar e s·overa l other sections which are progr e ss- lng very r apidl y, such as t hose in New York City, Brooklyn,

(:3 sections i n Flatbush and one in Glendale, L. I..) Cl eve la,nd , Detroit , Toledo, Chicago. Ok lahoma City and San Francisco . The section in Oklahoma City has already published its first newspaper, "'rhe Young Christian Worker. If

Since 1 924, the J.O.C. mOVe1'llent ha.s THROUGHOUT spread from Bel g1,um., its blrthplace, to THB WORLD at lea.st 24 other countries. Tn nine other countries the movement has already been launched and is in proce ss of formation . COUNTRIES WHERE THE J.O.C. HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED Argentina England *Hungsry Australia Finland Ireland 'l!lBe lgluln ,}Franco .rug.osls.vla Be l gian Congo ''''rench Colonies Lithuania Bolivia Algeria Luxembourg 3rs.zil Indo-China New Zealand -!:-Cane.da Morocco Poland *Col'l.ll1lbia Madagascar ,,~P ortu gal Denmark Tunisia,. Etc. ·:~S Vlit zerland F.gypt ·:t-Holland Venezuela

COUtITR I ES imERR: THE J . O. C IS t li PROCESS OF FORMATI ON Ch ile I ndia Salvador China. Pa.raguay United states Ecuador peru Uruguay

{" More than 10 , 000 members in 1939 :50

Conservative estimat os pl,aco t he ~8nd totuI of'

.Jo e '1st ~nthI'ougb. o ~t t h e world at £'&0 , 0.00 . At least ono­ s ixth or th&S t3 &J."'e mllitants; it 1s est1..ma tec tlll:'t e ach. mil itent has f{ (n~, influence over a t loeet t en 0.£ his com­ panions eit her in t he fnetor1ea 01" in tho stroets'"

On Sep'toDJber 3- 9 :J 19$9 , t he J . O. C. • of" the world had planned to sond 25,.()OO of: their ~e :lloors on n huge llaace Pl1g:rL'11&ge to no'no . Ma ny J acinta fr·om America" AfrlC fi> , .., s1a" find even from AustrllU.ti were already en route when the Wl1lr 'broko lOut in Europe. The pilgrimage was called ofr ".nd !leny .Toei sts we re 3trand()d in Eu r ope for s time 'before the.., could l"Ot.U,t'U to the!.r own countrJ.os.

T.ru: J . :0. (; " hns :til tt-J:'&~ - p() lnt p l'ogl'nm:

PROORal>. 1 " '10 'lUl

ntlon of the you..'1Z worY ).1" .. 2. To t-r ausform p:t'of/}l'ossively fh'1d rnet hodlc.ally t !lesocial life of t he work ing classes, i n ord

3 . '1'0 cr ~ ete orgaJ:~1e·a.t1on8 to dofenda.l1d help the you.ng workers in every respect.

Of Pl"iC10 neees$1t~.. for t he Joc1st is tbe prQctic.e of his rcll~ 1 on and thi s vi t al Catholi cism is s timulated tnroughst~1tly C11?cloa. The moeti n g alway.s opens ~1 th Q prayer ot' a Joe~.$t h;,r.nn , followed D,- a Y'1}11 gi otlS inquiry V1bich c:o:os i sts of c ommentary on t he G0:31)01 , study of 31 eal;holic Doctrin6'J r>ract1cal d iscU8Sic>u to sco bO\1 whst h a s Doell stu<11ed could b e put into pract.1Cto ,. Suge;t.:l6tlons and adoption of (t l"-osolution. tUnute s of tle prev.1 ous

Uloettng ar ~ r eDd Gnd c ona ld(n~G. t 1 on giv en resolutions adop ted

(i t 1 l.1 st !Jes t i ng to see 'It.1at h.f.Ht sucoeeded and what hM i'al1edjandwhy. The social inquiry oonsists of 1'01'0 1"t:. by var i ous memb (j I's ~ di s cuss·ion &lnd l'esolutiO:.l'h !t 1s foll owed t:r:J as si~6 nt s for t he oom.lug week , and the mc-cting e on­ eludes w:U~h Q . ;>I'Il1'OI' or hyr.m .

To nchleve t ho social fomat:ton of its ~l e~be r$ , the

J . 0 . c.· U.SO s t ile e .ff~ct.t ve· method 'Of 1nql.l1r y which molds them for the 11' tlllsk as leDdora. Th.ey art) by series of questi ons t aught to observe tho condi t,lons of' the i!' wal"ldn~ companions, to nJ:)te phys,ical , moral erA l'ell g i QU3 dist:r:>oss"

nfl'Uoneea uPQ:n t he worke rs, and litUl.t i.$ l{oeplng or w {!'w:t.ng them aWay f r om Chri st.. '1'hey ON) thus led to t2:link , to j.uri..~G or.d t hen t.o net , for t ht~ l}en~f1t of scelet'y as Q whole .

Lo'cal or P'i:l:pochiel soctlc:ns of t.he J.O.. C. ~l"e the front l ine o f action !1nd are 'United under a Diocesan Fader­ ati on . All Dioce.s:!ill. !? ede l~f.1t 1 ona nrc u.'lltGd und ~ r fi National cc.d.Gt'!:Iti on whiCh iaedmin1.stor od by a Gener al Council com­ posed of Q cl1a;p le1n and three 01' ;;lOre d e l (~g(& t ,es from e ach Dioce san Fe derati on . A Gener al Committee of t hIloa GenoI'al Leaders enforces decisions of the General Couneil, and t hfJ re are d:trector sof 1:P..lporto. nt dep&rtments .. QeTJcrnl 3ecretnriats of' th.e General Fe deretl on adl'ltinisto!' vSl'ious ae~v i ¢.e s ; edu­ cati onal (librarios" textbooks fo,' study c i rcles, ate . ) ., 32 health, insurance " homes and hotels, leisure (recr eation halls, clubs,. camps, etc.), Joe ist Editions , prisoners, (lega l aid, parole , probation), uu()mployment, and vocation­ al gui dance.

Similar ''lovements are the J . U. C. for university students, the J . A.C . for far>mers , the J . M. C. fOl' sailors, and other @"oups, whose J::uembers strive to live a true Christian life and bring back to Christ the 'Youth of our day. 33

CHAPTER THREE

L Historical Sketch or the Church's, Attitude Toward Youth

2. Uatlonal0atholic Welfare Conferen.ce And Yout h

S. Catholic Youth Agencies 34

B 1ST 0 RIO A L SK E TCH

OF ClIUROlI I S ATTITUDE TOWARD YOUTli

Concern f or youth 1s not a distinctly

THE OHURCH modern interest of the Church. Even A1ID YOUTH a hurried glanae at ecele·siastlcal history will reveal t he ChUrch's earnest endeavor to en- rioh the young with treasur es that neither t he rn.oth noT the rust e an consume; it wi ll r eveal the Church's motherly solieitude to s afeguard her young members from vain phll ­ osophies which alienate t he mind of man f rom truth, and. f r om vi cious practi ce s wh ich accelerate man's absolute abandonment of God. I t 1s not the purpose of this chapter RELIGI OUS ORDERS t o abridge t he Church' s continued and AnD YOUTH l'ruitful activity for yout h during the centuries wh5. ch witne ssed the oneness of Europe's f ait h and t he origin of her reli gious and poli tica.l dl .sinteeratlon. That her progr am for yout h wa s continu ous, i s demonstrated b y t he rise of differ ent t ypes of school.s mnd by the phe- nomenal growt h of differ ent reli gious orders .. The history of t he Catechetical, Monas tic, Cathedral and Guild Schools

1s an e loquemt eulogy 0 11 the enterprising zeal of those Christlike souls who an swe r ed t he divi ne invitation, tlsuffe r t he little children to come t o Me. rt 35

It Is. most f itting, at this time ., to THE refer to the Vlork of the misslonaries SPA.NISH PADRES from Sp ain and France who severed the ties of f'rlendship to bind t he aborigines wit h t.he cords of love, who braved the perils of an unchartered sea to plant the Cl"OSS on wind-swept sand. s 1 and who chained t h e Americas to a God of love. wi t h a rosar y of missions . We recall their

fl uniform method of c atechising. the"!}aily Voctr:i.na ; we have always Mind tted that vocational training a nd supervised reoreationccntrlbuted to the success of the r.U ssion System . The history of the early missionari es has been penned by syrl1pathetic scribes who have ne ver failed t o point out the broad r e lig i ous , soc:l. al and recreational progl"8iU which charac t e rized the Mission System. I h ave made t..J.:tis p assing allusion to t he 1~ 18sion Systenl because i t is a necessary link in the contlnuouschai n v/hlch stretches across the Christ ian .countri es and c onnects t he efforts of the Ame ric an

Hi erar,chy vli t h the sucoesses of t he Apostolic Col1ege .

We of today owe .much to th.e seasoned zeal of those patriotic pri e s ts who sp ent t hem selves for the f s. ith of Christ during t he early decades of our de:n'locracy . At the first Cathol:tc Synod (1791) the fea.sibiU.ty of organizing separate Catholic Schools was d itcusaed. Al.most · i ltLmedlately t he deliberations were summarized by BliL.~op Carroll, who inaugurat ed a plan of organization in his pastoral letter. The thoughtful recommendations of t he delogates and the defi nite plan of t he Bishop were prelil1l inary steps to formal 38 leg islati on on a tl"llly Oathol ie .school Syst,em in t he

United. S tates.

Fr om t he h i .story of our schoo l sy ste rr. we grow convinced t h at t he clergy heeded the wise warning of the venerab l e prelates a s sembled a t the Firs t PrOVincia l Council of Baltimore: nUnle ss you watch over youths when t bey are fil~st exposed to t e.).'llptat1on t hey will be robbed of their irlJ."'locence , t hey '!fIill l ose t heir horror of vice, they wUI be f anil iar- 1eed with crime , and when their habits are t hus forru-edearly in life , wha t prospeetean you have of successf ully gr afting vi rtue upon this stock wh:i.ch ha s been r ooted in the 8.011 of sin?" .•• Wh at 1m accoun t bave y ou to r e nder to the Great Fat her of those children entrustod to your caret tt 1

1. Quoted by F'.ether Demian Lyons, O. F .. M.., S .'1' . D. , ·u's tat1.stlce..l Survey .of t h e C-ath{) l l c Ycro;th Movement i n t h e Unit ed States,. n The Francisc,sn Eduoational Oon fer'8nc·e, 1 938, 31 ~

Whethe-r .or nGl t they bad established parechial

sche ols, the priests were urged to fulfill their' office s

of t each er a wJ. to be mindful of t h e ir p a s toral obliga t1on

of protecting the f a ith ,and mor als of Cathol i c pupils i n

public schools . As lit cons,e quenee of t b e z,e a l of these

pi onee rs, t he Ca tache-t ical Mo vement \Vas i nitiated which.

has had an ' envi~ble h istory. The tas k ·of erecting and ma intaining separate

schools was , and a:\::11 1 is. he:pculean.The t Bsk of train- ina; catechists, of sus:ts.ining c a t echetical c ent er's, ot tr.anspor t lng child r en from dl ffeF-ent. and distant schools '37 and or winning the good. will nndcooperation of the parent .s dId not always produce results proportione.te to the sk ill­ ful p l ann.ingand patient labor. Although priests wer'a few during the early yeers. and the demands upon them we re ex­ cesslv0" still they did not neg lect the soc1al snd recrea.­ tional life of t he young meftlbers of their' flock . The need of suitable f'.d1d satisfying ~etlv l t ies for young Catholics under the sponsorsh i p 8.Jld supervision of' t he Chut'ch was t,).lways felt . This need arises from a doub l ~ source , from t he soci.e.l and recreational instincts of man and from the danger of losing the faith from. familiar association with me1!l.ber's of a cree:d1esB x'o11gio1'1 or w jfu mon of loose morals.

Ec c leslnsticnlauthoriths recognized that some tnlr~ had to be done ~ 'Parish halls were erected; c lubs Ia.no. sodal­ ities wer e instituted; pr iests wer ·~) appointed li:nd charge d ",lith t he responsibility of t he young; layp.ltm wer e 3elected to chaperon t he youth s at their social functions , e,nd also to coach adole scents in t he l es.s finer arts of hum8 n life.

Enor mou s e fforts v.ra:rs directed by pari.sh es to p revent the young men and women from drifting into forbiddcJ:l societies . t.1m.ited resources wel'e pooled to finance social and l'elcree:­ tional fac:llitles and t hereby youth was safeguar ded from dangerous conradeship .

J)u,ring the last c entury, the Answer' to youth' s needs and the success of an attemp ted progr um foI' youth depended largely on the imaginat.i on and initia tive of t h e pal'tlcular pr iest in chav-ge land his lay associates. l do not :nean to 38 imply t he insuff1.elen.cy of the system; nor do I infer t hat there wa s a lack of concern for Ell l'llore expansive program. The needs of t he ti:ne didn't demand national organization. Although t he prominence of youth has been strongly felt, in just recent years} nevertheless, mnny causes of long-standing growth were responsible for youth's problems.

'1'he first World ~"ltirand i ts signiflcr.nt aftermath, the changed conditions of society, the universal unrest, the steady- stream of l'Ul"tll residents i nto cro~de d cities, t he emphatic influence of the automobile and the cinema, all t h@se combined to mal!e youth cu;:uulatlvely conselousof its i.mportance in t he world. Sittlultaneously . t ho goveI'"rmtents boganto cons.cript tho servl ces and t alents of youth . ~~'her e government s \Ve re un­ able to oapture t he imagination of youth wlth euphonic catchwords, or where governments failed to ensnare the youth in t he net of extravagant pledges and unkeepable promi ses, their irreligious associations were in the fiel d s ollcltingand seducing the unwary.

On UOoV(illIber 5,. 1920 ,. t he Holy Office addr ess ed Ii l ett er t o the Bishops in which t he true purpose of non­ Oatholic lissociati ons wns defined, Rnd t he l amentable consequences which frequently fol l ow upon t he enrollment of Oa t hol ics in such societies and clubs we re ou.tlined. The Ordina ries we r e told to put new life into their exist­ ing societ ies and to promote the org!mlz.etl on of new socioties for t he young . The l e tter closed, remindi ng 89

t he Qrdlnaries t h at they were obliged t.o h old conference s

on the youth problem and to t01"Inul /lt te p lan s for its sa tis-

f actory solution .

The p r ob l e:m of I'Urrplementing t he ChuI'eh and t h e schoo l h ad become very prels'sing. In t he United s t utes t he Jlier-

archy realized that Cathol ic youth wa s i'ac i ug new dangers; t hat tilors was need of i nstituting a program of leisure- t i :ne act i vitie s. ttThe Church contrtbute s most gen erO'usly to e·f f orts to' guide and direct youth. As gre a t a power as this is, ItcfuUlot meet the whole probl em. Our intensive mode of living. as well as co;ndltions ,

Nevertheless, Ftather 9amiun in his St at i stic·a1 Su:rvey calle attention to the fact that

n ••• . • dioces an or:ganizatio11 foil' the Co/tholic direc ti{)ll of the Ielsm'e time of you.th h a s t aken tremendo11s strldes l; notably t hroug)l t he utablishmen t and de·velopment of Cath­ olIc You.th Or ganizatlcms, Catholic youth Assoc iations, Young Ments Institutes. Young La.dies lnstitutes, and progr ams fer youth ent rusted by the Qrdinaries to sp ecific lay group,s" such as t h e Holy Name SOCiety. The Olil.tholic Bi g Brothers, t he Catbolic Big Slsters , the 'll ,ork of the Boy Scouts and 40

Girl Scouts, and t he Catholic Boys~ Br igade in the United States . I II addit 1 0n~ the youth progrru::ts of f1"ate'rnal or,gan!zatl ons have en­ j oye-d enco'lu'aging gr owt h. u3

3 . RGv . Damian Lyons, c . P . 1F., S . T . D., cp . cit. J 36

Fi nally. the e st ablishment at t he National Catholic Welfare Confer ence hea dquarters in Wa shingt

4. Ibid. , 36 41

NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE CO't'~r..ERmWE AND YOUTH

After yeurs of study and p1ann.ing , the Archbishops and b i shops of t he United S t a tes decided to develop within the National Catholic fi elfare Conference, their official agency for national coordination, a. s pecial p attern for united youth wOl'k . To furt her t he project, the Hier!1rchy a t their genersl meeting i n Nove '!1ber, 1940, established a Dep artment of Youth. Its organization was pending ' at t he close of.' t he year. Up to t h nt time there he.d functioned a ItYouth Bureau !1 snd the lI:Ep iaoopal OOmGl ittee on Youth. t! described below. The Bishops .!; Gotml'littee on Scouting

THE EPISCOPAL was su cceeded by the Episcopal C.OMM ITTEE ON YOUTTI Comralttee on youth, which d ire.cted t he deve lopment of youth activities on a nationa.l soale. 3ishop Ke l ly, of Old ahoma. C1 ty and Tulse,. wa s t he Ep is- copalcha irman. I n February. 1927, the Ad'll inlstratlve

THE il . C .• W• C • Board of the Jj .C. W. C. established a YOUTH BUREAU' Catholic youth Bureau, with a priest direotor 1n the executive department of the N. C. W. C. Its purpose we s to a ssist t he ordinaries of t he dio.ces6S in the establishment snd promot ion of authorized youth organiza- tiona; to sponsor t ho Uational youth Council as a unifying agency .for all t he Catholic yout h foroes of the country; 42 to faei11 tate exchange of informtiltlon and progra:.1s on youth a ctivi t ies; to cent.ra lize infora-.ation on n on-Gatholie yout h movements and youth-serving a gencies as well as youth conferenees and congresses; to interpret this inf'or:aation and ma](e 1 t available; to keep I n t ouch .-Ii th gove rr..~e nt a l ageneiesso t hat Catholicass oclatlons and progr ams mi ght profit frolllavailablo i nformation end docunents . The N. C,. W. O. Youth Bureau s p onsor ed the TFI:B NA'1' I (HMt CATHO,LIC National Catholic Youth Council, which YOUTH COUNCIL council was authorized in April , 1937~ by the Administrative Board. The purpose of t he N. e .y . O. is to federa,te all Catholic y outh groups on a national scale through t he medium of an agency func tioning under tho direction of t h e Hierarchy; to 3 erve as a ,channel for trle inte rch ange of experiences and Infol'n ation r e garding youth activi ty and problems; to help Oatholic yout h groups better to underatcnd a nd to cope with t he pl'oble:i1 s of nati onal i mportance; to trai n youth leaders 1m 'the l'I1$thods of authentic Catholic Acti on inconforrni t y wi th t he d irec­ tions of the IT oly Fat her and t he Amer ican Hierarchy; to serve as an instrUll'lont to represent all Catholic youth-led organizations in t he United sta'tes" and to d o t h i s without

Interferin.&!; in any way with t h e autonomy and traditional a c tivities of the individual gr oups. An Advisory Boa.rd makes provisions for representation of nation-wide y outh movements 6S well as securing the cooperation of' p rominent en end wome n o. cti ve i n adult orgtmiz,ati ons serving y ou th. 43

The fr ~e\Vo rk of the 1~ .C"- Y . C . makes provision for two ma jor divisi ons as r egards me m.bersh ip; the Di ocesan Secti on; and t he College and University Section.

1. The Collee;e and University Section of the N.C. Y.C. is designed to include t he t wo nations.l student organizations reaching students bot h ln Catholic and non-sectarian colleges :

The National FodBratioi1 of Catholic Co l l ege Stud ents; The Ne wm an Club Federation. 2 . The Dlocoflan B-e ction is intended t o renc.h Catholic y outh organizod throughout the country who are ou tsi de trw colloge and l.m iv e r ~ it y field . These groups ar e reac hed t hrough the medi ll..-n of t he Dioce san youth Council, which connell is volun t arily associated '\"ri t h t he Dioce s an Section of the !f. C. Y. C.

The Diocesan youth Cottnc il 1s not lit y out h movement , but , like the National .a-ouneil, it i s a federating a.gency grouping together all t h e H:p proved Catholic y outh groups, (regar dless of t heir la.bels or particular objective s) , operating within the boundarie s of t he particul ar diocese . The Dioces an youth Council recogni zes the exist ence and r e s pects t he full autonomy of t he Yari 01:1 S t'tf f Uia ted .groups which maintain t heir tradl tional set-up and .oar ry out their s pecific progr ams . The Diocesan youth Council :n.nkes prov i ­ sion f or de~meI"y and parish y ou t h cou ncils. Essentiall y .

:1. t functions through the y outh Coung:ll , which i n turn i ·e c.omposed of t h e va rious y outh groups . operat ing i n t he parish .

In p arishe s where there is only one y outh group , this gr oup would function as a Pa.ri sh youth Counc il. 45

Council serves a: sirllilar pur p ose" The N. C. Y. C. has been in the dev e lopment stage ,.

Youth councils are opera.ting in :a: certa in nUl'llbe r of d iocese s. a nd othe l~S are .contemplating it. Once Diocesan Youth Councils and Student Federations have been e stablIshed in all dioceses, the uniflcati0n of youth's forces· on a nation&l s ca.le will be accomp lish ed.

A distinction must be made between a

DIOCESlfN cUoces an-sponso;r:'ed progrfilll of activities YOUTH PROGRAr-':S ---for youth and a d i ocesan fedel'ation of youth. In a number of d ioceses, provi sion is made for a program of Il.ct.ivities for youth, which progr am 19 usually adult-conceIved., controlled and financed . This orga nism 1s 1 iml ted to t he organization of a d ioce.s&n office fo·r youth. un6.e,r the d irectlouof a priest. !nsOlue instances. full- time, trained, sdult lay leaders constitute t.he stllff. In other i n stances. Diocesan youth Comril1ss1on3 (eomp osed of clergy, :men, wO!nel1 , and young people) have been e stab- lished. One, of t he chief reasons for t h e deve lopment of sttch a cO~;l i$sion is to provide a.dult assistance in the ma intenance and control of varled opportunities given to youth under Catholic ~ugpices. An excellent example of meth{)d in such program coor d i - nation 113 the Cat h olic youth Or ge.nizatlon.'l'he C. Y. O. wsa origlne.lly launched in Chicago by Bishop Bernard 3 . Sheil. Generally speak ing , the C.Y. O, i s an a dult- led organiztation serving Catholic youth. The C. Y. Q. seeks to develop a 46

bs.l.QllOod pro5.r~n of le1supe -tl " "~flct i v 1. t lc8 \t and it h~:J

been p fl:.r t, i o ul (~ r1 1 a ctive in the I Br gor r.:mtrovolltC!.ll .are,ss.

In aome dioQes e s 1 whore speciel ott.c,ntlon hila been

gi v~n to t he de velol1l:.1t:mt oi" su ch youth ~) I·ogr$.il s, the

Di ocesan Youth Di rector f unctions on a ftlll - tit.'10 basia . In nIl dioceses, specil!! l att.ontion. and capable Gs:dst&nce

Dre given t o louth, pal"tlclllarly on t ue pa'!'ochlaJ. l evel.

I t .is :bnjl oX"t flnt t o note the f )l:"O'l'lth of Oa thol i c you t h \1Or l~

on a di oe a la s< n basi,s ~lld t hat t he diocos $.u cQor dj.na tion

of t h~ various {;Q:t hol1c yont h fO·t"OUPS 1s l,):r'ogr"oesing 'I'he rn."ogra'\..'1 ---tor 10ut h lAnd t ho feJ eratiou -of yout.h are nll c e ssar'y Ilnd tUl'ni8!1 ev 1dEmC$ of t ho d~ep ooncern of t hee

Ch"ll.%'ch for you t h fs tntc< roa1>s 9 47

CATHO.. ..LIC YOUTH AGEH"C--IES

1. Cathol ic Boys ' Brig ade of t he United Btate·s 2 . Ca.tholic Boy S-couts 3 . Young Men's Instit ute 4. Young Udies! Inetltut$ 5 . ;runior D£!ughtcrs of All1ericQ

r" . Jurliol" Daus-h:tera of Isabella. 7 . Columbian 8qulr e·s 8 . Catholic Students· fH s s i on Crusade 9 . mho Na tional Fedor ation of Catholic College s tudents

10. ]!e-¥l'..;UU1 Club s

1 1 . 'l'he Inte rnat i onal ~'>ede .rati or~ of CI».thollc Al uw..nae-- Jun i or Alu."!IDae and Youth Progr am 1 2. Pax Rornana 13 . Catholic Youth Ol"ganiBation 48

CATHOLIC YOUTH AGF;NCIJES

Father Kilian Hennrich, O. F' . M. Cap., is CATHOLIC BOYS' BRIGADE a pioneer among American Catholic boy- OF THE U.S. ologists. His efforts are directed towards boys between the years 12 and 18. At present , 31,400 boys belong to the Bri gade, which has its national headquartera in New York Oit.y and has approximately 250 local brunches in 28 stat es. The Brigade 's c ontribution to

the Catholic Youth Moveme nt must be gauged by t he number of its trained leaders, most of whom are still under 25 years

of age. Over 50n l enders have been trained. In it,s 1936 Report of Progress, the

CATHOLIC Catholic Committee on Scouting a~~ounced BOY SC01;"TS that steady progress had been made during recent years. The main factor in the development of scouting under Catholic leadership wes the adoption of the cooperative

plan with the Boy scouts of America bysev61:!'ttl dioceses, and

t he appoint ment of diocesan chaplains. ~lhereas in June, 1934 .

there ''1e1"''O 1 , 847 Catholic troops in the United States, in December, 19Z>6, there were 2,920. Sixteen Ar,chdioce ses and .. fifty Dioc,eses now handle scouting according to the coop- era tive' plnn. organized March 4 , 1883, in San Fre.ncis-

YOUNG MRN ' S co, t he Young Uen's Institute is the INS'i'ITUTE recognized pioneer in the American Catholic youth Movement. It 1s now entrenched in practically 49

every i:::1portant c enter along Ute Pacifi.-c Coast fl" om Victoria ,

B. C., dovm to Dan Di ego. He sdquarter 1S are at 50 Oak Str'eet ,

San :"!'an,.. ci sco.1h'" e b ona fide membershi p of t he Institute 18

20, 000, t h roughout the United St a tes. Hawaii and Br i t ish

Columb i a . li; e.ny of these are veterans , b u t the veterans

assist pastors :Ln organ i zing and conducting C.Y. O. uni ts. The offie ial proe;r sm o f the y . 'M . l . covers everything cl081r-

81.11 e in a Catholic organiz,l1tion. i::Il nce the I n s tl tute 1s non-paroohial, ttsCat hol i c i'ent ures have been lltore 01' l ess

self-developed,.

The yo'ung Ladies' lust! t ute W8,S founded

YOUNG UDlEt! ! in 1887 , pri!1ll!l r i l y tiS iii. !llut ual i) rotec - 11lSTI'l't"TE tive Hnd bene f icial a s s ocia tion t o aid

Catholi C y oung w.o)'Hlim--p artlcul,arly t ht'Hl 6 without h ome ,.

friend s , or f unds--especial1y t he sick. I t s of ficial p ro-

gJ.'> 3--n is t he ttsp tri tual, noral and i nt e llectua l we l fnl'e'! of

its memb e r's . It also h as a halanc ed progr am of religious.

educati onal , s oc ia1 and recrea tional activi t '!.es. At the

p rCH3e!1t t l 7'1e i t numbers 102 separ a t e Just ! tut,es in Gali-

f ornio, ~ or e gon, Wa shington and :Ne vada. The Young La.d i es

h a ve n o Institute jn t he centr a l l,\l,rJ.

p rese nt plrms for e xpansion i nclude on ly t h e nearby s t a t e s ,

Ariz ona , l1fe,ntans , I d,aho Bnd Uteh. Tbe appro,:

ship i s 11 , 1)00 . Besides t here are 400 Juni ors enro lled in

3 0 Circles. Most of t he leaders a r e vete r ans , a nd they are

ure that the i.r p rogr ofll i s suc coss ful on t he wh()lo . 50

J'miol"s wel"Et firzt P!,QPos od by t he

JU1JIOR DAtJGHTiiRS Nati onal Boord 01' ~l l"('f e . t ol· s in 1919. OF AMERI C POI' .sevcn YOGI'S the :.::i(ln:l :Co'U;r to of' t he

Catholi c D,al.lght t-;re of .11.. ,'uo r i cs did a ttvui aut ol;';at n in 01'- gan :14i1··nS and e j~ ; :; e r 1Cll3'nt1ng with .juni ors . I n 1926 Ulltiotla l

Junio r Ol'ganl zstion w.s e ffe cte d . At t he end o f 1 9 56 .• 233

Junior Courts ned 'been () stabllsb l!)\! i n 3 1) ste t e s with So .1:1e::n- oorsl:1.ip of 25., 000.

The ob j ect o:f t he society i s to lit'omo te

.:mUt OR DAUG ·.~'3RS t he cI vic . ot hlot l c ; edu.cntionsl , cuI .. OF ISAB;,EU,A t ur cl cm{l t~o l :t~ 1 ::.nx :s· t lNil nl .ng of Cathol ic e :1rls. ( 1)11 R Ol:l8.l1 Cl1thoI 1c gir l s , he·t w-eenthe agos of 1

,nd 22 ':"f'5 a..:rS , i nc l us i ve, u'!'e el 1g1b l .e for l:.·v3!\ll.ue :l~ ah lp . 'i'h e

1}€irt i cl ptit1on of t b~ JJau gh t cre of l :wueclla in 'Yout h ';m):"k .i s comparot i vs l y r ee ont# (lull i t i s not fnr- NH.l\ ch ing a t t he

}"l!,({f.U3rrt tl '0.. It 15 t he 'pol i cy or t he o!'gRu i t!; at;1 un to 61'- ttl-ulish J\!ni or (:;:b' ~le9 only wher e t ho.y llt"t;l n eeued, wb el~ e t.he PDstOl"S Gre .ag:re-asble a nd ""here t he 10001 Sen i or {H :re le-s

81'e w11 Hn!";: t o MF' U"1~ the r e spol1s1b i llty o f the Jtwl ors .

The o.ggreg Ht.e ffle11'lbor s h l p 1s 1 , ;,' 9 .

'l'hie ol"g.antz.atlon a lri~ $ t o suppl @t!ten.t

c.OLm~BIAH SQ,tlI!t:;:S the tl"8. :1n1 ng of tltE! Church , h oule; and

school by t he b oy s 1 a c t 1 vo p tl l' t~i c ip at 1 on

Ui A pr ogranl o f' e.ct iv1t :tes unde :' t h.e €,ul dance of w::e~ipl .a.ry

Cathol i c n en, dur i n g which t h e p1?i nciples t ml€ht by t h os e t h ree e genclo$ a liO put l flt o p.t'oc t i cs in t he You:t h s ' l e 1sux'e t ime ~ The ob j e.ct i ve 1s tho fict i ve parti cipD t10n In 8 01

Cat holic Ac t i on pro j e ct , to t he end t hut t h e Columbian SQuires will b e- c a rr·j ad t hrough the d a n gerou s period of middle adolesc ence end on t.o young Oa thol ic marihood better equi ppe d spiritually, intellectually, Bocially# civicall y, and physical l y to fight. t he battle s of' life. In short ,

"t he aim is t he five- f old deve lopme nt of the high - sch ool a.ge ooy into a stI>ong Ca tholic gentleman . If

'Fhe Cr'Usade was established in t h e stU'11:11e r

CA:THotIC SlflJDEtl'TS of 1 918 . 'l'he i de a was t o build up a gen - MI SSl o:r;r CRUSADE eral interest in the mission cause . I t

VIa s belie v ed t h at , i f this groundvwrk "l!!s re l aid , V'oe e tlons and volunteers wou l d follow. As t h e ne.:-:le indica t es , the

Cr u s ade i s a Illoveme n t within tbe schools. Hen c e t 'b e unitfl are or.>g an:tzed i.n school s . In t he ele)'nenb1ry schools t h ere

Illre 1 , 7 59 u n its.; in se~ondtl'Y schools and c o l leges jt t here a re

1 , 075 units . The app r'oximate t o tal ltlo:::ibership i s 500, 000 •

.3 1noe t he pur pose of t he Gathol i c college

NATI QffAr; .FERERAT lfO·jf is to t r ain t he bent lll i nds of Oathol ic OF' CNl'HOLIC .Q-o· t.U~G~~ STUD BI1~1'3 yout-h in a manner oonforming to the

TRl..rrrn OF CBRIS'l', it shouiLd be t he out - standi ng sourc e f r or~l whi c h t he _! l e aders of C~tholic Ac tion wil l c omE;l. Until r e cently , however, t here 11.&"8 been a noticeo.bl0 lack of unified a.etion on t u (:) par t of t h e Oatho- l i e c o11 {H:!.6 s ::1n t he field of Cathol i c Action. 'or this r eason t he N. F. C. C. S. VIas .formed a f ew years ago wit.h t h e object of bringing about an eff ective solidar i t y , in t hou g.'1.t and act ion, among a l l t h e unl vers i t y lIen and women 52

on -C'atholiecampus6s. Its comprehensive function 1s to give

adequate ~ttentlon (through its_ 0\11'0 .forc.eandexistlng agencies) to all professi onal, cultul"'al~ technical alld. s.o ­ cia1 problem.s of' student organizations.. In time- l.t sbould beeome a perman.EUl.t secretariats for information on all matter:! pert-ainlng to student lif'e in Amerlea. The recognized orga.n of Catholic Action

NEWMAN CLUBS in non-Oatholic colleges 1$ the New..ll:lm Club. Organized on a verysmal1scQle in 1915 it has now sprend to. 75 secul&l? colleges and univer­

sities,eaeh with either a. resident or part-time chaplain.

The club has taken its inspiration from the gPeat. eduee.to~­ convert of the ls.st eentury, Cardinal Ne\"fflJ:tl;n. I'ts purpose 1$ to assist Catho"lic young men and W()!l1.en in secular educa­

tional cent.ers to apply Christie-Xl thought and prin~ lples to

the problemsot eve·ryds'1 life. The spiritual need~ of the students era cared for by theehapl.ain.. and annual I"et.reat$

are fostered . Under his l:ee.d~rshi:p, dlso~ stud.ycluba and

discussion groups Ilrendvan<:ed in which the truths .of the Faith are presented in the light of the neuiis .of t lle

students . ' 'l'he Confrate1"'nlty of ah~ls.tun Doctrine and the

S.oolal Act. .;t on l)epar tment. Q·f the N. C .. W.C. hav'6 led the way

for nlany of the cluos in their' discussion and instruction

groups. The m.atel?ials furnished by the S8 tlVO organizations

are t h@ nucleus around which the s.tudy plan is ndvanc6d ·~

By ID.eans of the I~eW!.1s.n Clubs, students in all American col­ l eges end universitles are included. in thee Catholic Action movement. 53

:rthe one gr:Q(~t ,Pur'l'XlSO of' tha Federat 1 en, f s I WPBNA'PYOliJ &DERATION of Youth Progr~ ie Itto helpoUl' youth to Catholic AL1Thf!JAB prepare f'or ·Oat....'lo11c lea&;rship by offel'" 1ng defin1to 1det?"ls end methods of' s.uitable orgl1nlaatlon. n

~m:ore as its :: spectel end~~vor 1~1n th.o oQucetlc)ns.l fie.ld and wh~l"em.s it works 6oo-perstively wJ.th e.xisting societies

01'" organ1~Qt1 ons whieit cUlve Q dcter::lined purpose, such as miss i on worlr " scoutingat'~ tbe lU~ ... still it bllS d:e:velopad lt$ own lnlsure-t1:.ne progrl'iU1l. The Girls it servca sre drswn

.from the studcmt body ot Catholic sebool.s Gnu fl"'-o~ gl'*ad'U&t 13'8 o.t th~s(.J .sc hoO'ls. On1." s ttldent~ wbo are doinG good work nre

(ltkdt tad t o '~W:1b0~ship in the Junior Alumnae'; it't'uduates UlU.st. dQ S:Q.m.O outsta.."1ding ~d'..1t).Qtionfll or social ael'vice work finch year t:o 1'"'otttin the it' m&'1'!b,€}I~shlp .

Pax ao..~a 13 ~un1 otl or c Qllf edcre.tl r.:1ll.

lAX !iGUANA of national un!v et'sl ty O&tholic federa""

tl{)flS Qf t ho, wc;rold,. I t i s, Q Sf)c1"6tEl.plat;e

'bleb. links toget.hel' $tud.erlt .federations throughout the world, helping ono £l?oup of&tud~.nts to profit 'by the experience of' ot~'U.ill" $. 111"'tit~S local Catholic acti vi t,. .out of ita isolatIon end. thu$mnltiply'ing its beMfi c lQl results. 'ThouGb its 6 C ­ t1vltles S,:rc .:nany and vur ied. ti'JQ ~re or m1prO(~o imi)ortanee ..

study anj, debate, Pax Ror~anQ members .ror;;;:ruJ.ete a Cutno11e stud.ent opinion on the. z atll' tar-rencbL"lg aoc1ru.# economic.

na pol.ltioal questions- of thedsy. It. !contln:uQl 00"4b&t ia

7aged agalrdlt the a i:n1stli;;r influences ~nd subve.r.s1 va societlos designed to contar,unato the YOlltb .of· tMworld. 8ecause it · is

U'fn;edlatol y subject to thn Papal St&.tc Departnlcnt nnd Cardinal

.P 1eznI"dQ f s Off!oe of Qatholic Aotion.. Pax Ro;nnns is able to 54 guide and direct its members according to the mind of the Church and the nee ds of the times. only na tional f 'ederatlon,s are admitted as membera . It has merlbe:r group s in 32 countries. Being international, it is able toaeeany and every question in its most universal aspect and~ consequently, to formulate a ple.n of action which is not provincial or prejudiced . Since the war in Eu.rope the genore.l secrotari ate 1n Fl"lbourg has been moved to the Amel"ican headquarters at the Ca.tholic University.

The Dlericnn activities are n.o1'} directed by the first in'ter- n ational vice president, Edward J .•. Kirchner, with offices at the Catholic University. In many dioceses a C.. Y. O. progratl for CATHOLIC YOUTH youth has b.eenadopt&d.The C.Y.O .. ORGANI ZAT IO!f might 'be described as '8 coordinated effoI',t for the development of constructive leisure-tb .lO activities on a paroehiQ~ basis, with the central diocesan agency :conducting .such projects as do not lend themselves l~eadily tosponso:Nihlp by a single pariah. The object i8 t o provide ,11 program of reer-eation so adequate, l.nter.estlng and attractive that t.he youth would have a desire to par ­ ticipate in no other. Every boy who desires to part i cipate in the C.Y. C.. progrrun must f1rst undergo s. thoroug.h spirit­ unl ElXtllninatlon in which he is questIoned regarding the praotice of his relIgion, and urged to receive Holy Com- munionat lea st once a month. 55

CIfAPT,BR FOUR

___ORIGIN ~AND DEVELOPMEJiTi __OF THE CATHOLIC ~OtJTH ORGANIZATIO'N.-

IU THE ARCIIDIOC'ESE OF CHIOAGO .-...-~ , .

1 . Hi s torical Ba:c kg~ou.nd 2. Objectives 3. (')r g,an1zatlon a~ Administ r ation b. Supervision 4 . Program-service Bureau 5. Activities 6,. Spiritual b .. G'Ultura~ c .• V():ctltlone:l d. Edttcatlone.l e . Reoreational f .. Social Servi-ce 6 .. Finance s 7.. R0 S'tllts 56

!fHE-...... CATHOLIC. . " _ yotJTH) QRGAllIZATiOi. - - "J...-...,...._ OF ".mE ARCHDIOCESE OF CHICAGO - , - . ~ ...... - - --

The catholic OrganIzation of' the HISTORICAL BACXGrtot'l1m Arehdiocese o'f Chieago, was tounded by

thellto.staev .. B-ernsrd if. Sheil" D~D'!I Auxl11al"¥ Bi.s-hop otOhlca:go. It c·eme into existence as a result of personal oo.s.srvations andeJt,P'erienees by t.he young Fa.ther Sheil whileseI*vins as ehnpla:in in the old

Oook County j~il. In th~ c-ourst11 of his work among tIl&' youthful inmates, Fa.ther' Sheil was profoundly impresaed by the need 0'1' devising a prol;;,rram o·f organized recreatIonal ac­ tivities under Church auspice,s that w,QuId keep boysfl"'om $. life of crime. This conviotion of Father Sheil took on added slgnificaneeat tl:l.e beginning of' the economie dls1.ocation of' 1929 and 1tsattendant unemploJm&nt vth1eh cI'-eated prolonged periods. of laisure tim'S among youth and led to such an appallIng :rise in theerwe index. Soon a~fter his conse­ cration .as AuxiliftI7 Bishop of Chicago, Bishop 3heil, together 'w ith other respon-sible. le.a-ders in the COrnRluntty, established in 1930 the Catholie Youth Org.ani~ation. with hea:xlq;uarteraat 31 East CongreasStreet. It w'ns lneo~po- rstced under the laws ·of the- state of Illinois. in 1952. The Cathol:tc youth Orgcanlzatl()-n is .an

OBJECTIVE'S, agenny; pl"lvate in stFtleture, whose m.ain ob jectlve l .s to instill in the American Catholic youth love of' God a nd respect for country- 57 by means of a comprehensive parochial and diocesan program of re~igious, educational, recreational, and social service activities. Accordingly, the immediate aim of the C.Y.O. pngram is to keep young people learning, working and play- ing within the influence of their parish priests, in the hope that personal association of this nature during a boy's and girl's formative years will help them to live a true Christian and democratic life. Another important objective of the Catholic Youth Organization is that religion be made a basic force in community welfare and that emphasis be placed on a life of moral virtue and Christian principles, to~ard the end that salvation be realized by the individual boy and girl within its fold. Equally of paramoupt importance is the objective that the program be sufficiently flexible so as to service non-Catholic boys and girls who may be attracted to C.Y.O. activities. The Catholic Youth Organization of ORGANIZATION the Archdiocese of Chicago maintains a Central Office at 31 East Congress Street, Chicago, which in effect is, to quote Bishop Sheil, "a cen- tralized youth headquarters." The Central Office was es­ tablished in the downtown, or Loop, ~rea of Chicago in order to make it conveniently accessible from every section of the Archdiocese. It is here that the office of the Di­ rector General of the Catholic Youth Organization, His Excellency, the Most Reverend Bernard J. Sheil, D.D., founder of the ~.Y.O., is located. Performing the tremendous task of a~~inistering the vast religious-educational-recreational- 58 social service program maintained by the Catholic Youth Or- ganization is an executive staff comprised of a secretary to Bishop Sheil, an assistant to the Director General, an executive Director in charge of the C.Y.O. Central Office and of all agencies and institutions affiliated with the Catholic Youth Organization, and the directors of the fol­ lowing departments: Recreation and Athletic Department Medical and Dental Department Scouting and Camping Department Social Service Department Parish Service Bureau Comptroller's Department Public Relations Department The efforts of the Central Office staff are directed toward the end of correlating and integrating the various functions and programs of the several departments and in- stitutions operating within the Catholic Youth Organization structure. The Central Office staff also acts in a consult- ing capacity in the formulation of parish C.Y.O. programs and places at the disposal of the pastors, its personnel and facilities. Moreover, it fosters the ideal of conh~U- nity welfare by participating in the work of other agenci~s both public and private, and by contributing its own re- sources and techniques in the development of all community programs. The C.Y.O. program is a diversified and PROGRAM multiple one. It embraces the Lewis School of Aeronautics, Lockport, Ill; The C.Y.O. Home for Youthful Transients; the C.Y.O. Boys' Camp; 40 Vacation Schools; a medical and dental department; 59

CISCA (Chicago Inter-Student Catholic Action) and CISCA Alumni; a vast recreational and athletic network; a Scouting division; an employment service; a juvenile delinquency pre- vention service; crafts; dramatics; study clubs; adult educa- tion classes; a counseling and consultation service; a statistical division; classes in religious instruction; educational institutes for the discussion of Catholic social philosophy and the Encyclicals, and a multitude of other pursuits too nume~ous to mention here. Because the parish is the oornerstone PARISH SERVICE in the structure of any diocesan Catholic BUREAU Youth Program, the C.Y.O. has always sought to establish its program primarily on a parochial basis, with each parish an important entity of its own, correlated to all other C.Y.O. parish units with the Centr~l Office as the servicing agency. With the devebpment of opportunities and the addition of personnel, this important function of the Central Office was recently established as one of the principal departments of the general organization. Parish youth organization method and program planning constitutes the most important service of the Bureau. 1n- stitutes are being prepared for the training of lay leader­ ship in the fields of recreation and juvenile delinquency prevention as well as for the conducting of parish educa- tional and spiritual programs. This parish service plan is in successful operation in a small group of parishes and is to be gradually expanded 60 throughout the Archdiocese acdording to the lines best suited for its max i mum development. The Lewis School of Aeronautics, at LEWIS SCHOOL Lockport, Illinois, was established by OF AERONAUTICS Bishop Sheil in 1931 for the purpose of offering free technical training and free aeronautical training to poor boys of the Archdiocese of Chicago. The school consists of 18 buildings constructed on an area oc- cupying 625 acres. These buildings are used for dormitories, classrooms, shops, hangars, etc. The school offers a four- year technical high school course with emphasis on aviation. In addition to the high school course, several college courses are offered on a tuition basis only. Due to the intensification of the national defense program, the facil- ities of the Lewis School of Aeronautics are being used by the Civil Aeronautics Board to train civilian pilots from the various colleges in the Chice.go area. At the present time the number of students .enrolled at the school is as follows: Free scholarships in high school dourse .• 105 Regular tuition-paying students in Aeronautical College .• 34 Students enrolled in C.A.A. program .•.•.. 70 The recreation and athletic department RECREATION of the C.Y.O. has been set up primarily AND ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT as an aid to parochial units to assist them in furthering the scope of their recreational activities by syggesting types and kinds of programs which may be adapted to their particular needs. 61

It is supervised by a director and his assistants whose duties are three-fold, namely: First, to send to C.Y.O. parish directors suggested programs which they may use, and to visit, if necessary, in person, these units and to assist the development of the ideas into reality. Secondly, to establish Archdiocesan-wide athletic leagues, hobby shows and contests of various kinds in order that keener competi­ tion might encourage more participation among the youth in parochial units; and thirdly, to assist in the selection, training, development, and placement of volunteer and pro­ fessional leaders in community centers and parish units which come under C.Y.O. supervision. Many and varied are the aids to parish programs. To assist those members of the clergy who have been assigned to youth work in the parishes, the C.Y.O. has added to its staff a lay expert in parish recreational development. His task is to aid in organizing C.Y.O. units, and in keeping them informed on up-to-date and up-to-the-minute innovations in the recreational field. He also assists in establishing well-defined, well-rounded parish plans of operation. In addition to this professional layman, a priest has been appointed supervisor of parochial activities to assist the parishes in whatever way possible and to effect a closer tie-up with the Central Office and parish units. The Arch­ diocesan-wide athletic contests have commanded national attention. In fact, as a climax to some of the athletic tournaments, particularly in the field of boxing, interna:bion­ al )nantests have been arranged and presented before thousands 62 of interested spectators in Chicago's historic Soldier

Field. Baseball has been of i~r-state proportions, and the basketball league, in which more than six hundred teams have competed during a season, is reputedly the largest in the world. Athletes from the ice skating, ice hockey and cycling fields have attained national recognition. All in all the athletic contests which have been held under the auspices of the C.Y.O. have been recognized as among the best and most interesting in the nation. The trainipg of volunteer leaders for C.Y.O. units has been of vital interest in the C.Y.O. plan of expansion. Definite plans for large-scale training institutes are under way and upon completion should turn out hundreds of volunteers who can take their place in their spare time alongside the professional worker. The C.Y.O. has used hundreds of W.P.A. and N.Y.A. leaders in its recreational program, particularly in parochial units. As many as 65 units at one time had the services of trained leaders assigned by the Federal government to communities of which C.Y.O. units formed the nucleus of community activities. The C.Y.O. Homes, located at 2944 South C.Y.O HOMES Michigan Avenue, are maintained and supported by the Catholic Youth Organ­ ization to provide free care and occupational traini~ g for parolees, and temporary aid for homeless and transient boys and. young men from the ages of sixteen to twenty-five. The homes are directed by a priest superintendent, assisted by two Viatorian Brothers and a social service worker. 63

This parolee service is the result of an arrangement among His Excellency, Bishop Sheil, the Governor of Illinois, and the Parole Board of the State Department of Public Wel­ fare, By which young men who have been granted parole, but who are unable to provide a satisfactory sponsor or position as required by law, are placed under the care of the Catholic Youth Organization. The C.Y.O. accepts the responsibility for the care and supervision of these young men for the duration of their parole. One hundred forty-seven parolees have been accepted by the C.Y.O., and of this number only nine have been returned to penal institutions for violations of parole. A complete program of health service, recreation and education is provided. The Social Service Department of the C.Y.O. Homes is responsible for receiving applications for admission for transient care of young men from public and private agen­ cies, institutions, and individuals. Temporary care is given for a restricted period from one day to one month. A case work program functions in such a manner as to refer, when necessary, these transients to public agencies respons­ ible for their care. Young men who are in need of assist­ ance and who qualify under the intake policy of the C.Y.O. Homes, are accepted on a non-sectarian basis. All possible spiritual assistance and guidance arre offered. In 1939 the C.Y.O. Homes cared for 717 transients for a total days! care of 9,998. 64

The C. YL o. Dental and Medical Department DENTAL AND set up by His Excellency, Bishop Sheil, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT at the beginning of the organization to provide free medical and dental care for needy boys and girls, during the year 1939 serviced the following number of cases: Number of patients •...... 2,465 Number of examinations •.... 3,165 Number of hospital cases... 104 This department renders medical and dental care to boys and girls under the supervision of the Catholic Youth Organization and included complete physical examination on entrance, com- plete medical care, including hospitalization, and dental care thereafter. The Medical and Dental Department services cases re- ferred by all departments of the Central Office, the Mission of Our Lady of Mercy, the C.Y.O.Homes and Lewis School of

Aeronauti~s. In addition, it cares for boys and girls re- ferred by scores ·of parishes. Assisting the c.Y.o Medical and Dental staff is a staff of consultants comprising a number of outstanding professional men. The Employment Service was reorganized EMPLOYMENT in May, 1940. This reorganization was SERVICE effected to meet the needs of hundreds of young men and young women who have applied to the Catho­ lic Youth Organization for assistance in finding employment. In the past, members of the C.Y.O. staff had solicited em- ployment for members of the organization, but no extensive job solicitation was made until after the reorganization and expansion of the employment service. Applicants are referred 65 to the Employment Service by their pastors, their parents, representatives in the various courts, and other social agen- cies. Many applicants come voluntarily to the C.Y.O. The

Employment Service is open to all . ~outh between the ' ages of sixteen and twenty-five years. One member of the staff of the Social Service Department devotes full time to inter- viewing applicants, establishing contacts with employers in an effort to secure positions, and making placements. Since May 1, 1940, positions have been secured for 128 men and women. This service is one of the most important and con­ structive in the whole Catholic Youth Organization's program. The Mission of Our Lady of Mercy, form- MISSION erly and still popularly known as tiThe Our LADY OF MERCY Working Boys' Home,tI located at 1140 West Jackson Boulevard, has been maintained since 1935 by the Catholic Youth Organization. This institution provides care for an average of 100 dependent boys from the ages of 14 to 18 years who are not eligible for care or who do not adjust to care received from other private or public agen- cies. The Mission is licensed by the City and by the State Department of Public Welfare and is staffed by a priest superintendent and six assistants, including a case worker and recreational director. A complete case work program is carried on by a full- time social worker. All boys are accepted on a temporary basis pending a consideration of other possible plans which might be more advantageous. Possibilities for foster home placements are reviewed at the time of accepting the boy 66 and during his stay at the Mission ~ with the boy's wishes always solicited and considered. Foster home placements are arranged by the Mission through the Catholic Home Bureau of the Anchdiocese of Chicago or the Children's and Minors' Service Division of the Chicago Relief Administration. The religious welfare of the boys is cared for by the priest superintendent and his assistants. Every educational advantage 1s offered the boys, the ma jority of whom attend St. Patrick School-. Those of exceptional ability are sent to Loyola University and other universities. Those not in attendance ata school are trained in the printing trade at the Mission Press, which is an important branch of the in­ stitution, both for training and as a means for revenue. The Catholic youth Organization medlcal and dental staff services the health needs of the boys. Psychological ex~~­ inations on a group basis ar-s given by a member of the faculty of Loyola University. If these group tests indicate any outstanding deviations from normal, individual t ests are added. The individuality of :every boy is recognized and respected, with freedom to follow interests and desires en­ couraged whenever possibl e. After completing their educa­ tion, the majority of the boys leave the Mission to take poal tiona which promise to be steady and sufficiently \'le ll paid to enable them to live in good surroundings. Before they depart the boys are urged to return for visits and are impressed with the f ,act that they are fre·e to return to the Mi ssion of Our Lady of Mercy to live at any time when t hey are unemployed or in need of any service which the Mission can offer them. 67

The C.Y.O. C&mp, which has been operated

BOYStCA1IP ror a number of years, has pr"ovlded VB..ea-

tions ror hundrad·a of young boys. Under the direction of' a priest and his staff' of' assistants and

counselors; g typical b-oys' enmp program is conducted each yea%' according to the best tHlll1ping standards and techniques. The religio'IJ.s, recreational, and bealth needs of the. boys are met in a well-balanced camp schedule.

Previous to the opening of' the camp , f'or the SUi'lll.'ner of 1940, the policy was changed from a small fee camp to that

of a free camp. Boys between the Gges of 11 and 15i/ere eligible. Each pastor' VIas given the opportunity of select­

ing one deserving boy from his parish who W!lS sent t~o camp

fora two weeks t vacation. Boys VV'orB received also from the

Catholi c Home i3u: r~au, the Chicago Reller- Administration, United Charities, Division of Child Welfare of the Illinois

stat.e Depe"rt ment of Public ~~;elfsre ~ the Chicngo Board of

'Sduc.atlon, t.he Juvenile Ccurt ot: Cook County 1 and Universit:1

Fiel d project.. During t.he 1940 season, 0S3 boyS were in attendance of which number 40 were colored boys.

The Soci a.l Ser vice Departr:len t ~ one of t he SOOIAL SERVJCE comparatively new dovelop::.nents of the. C.Y.O., DBl.>ARTMENT was established and 'hagan func t i oning on

August 1 , 1938. The sta..fr of the depar tment cons,ists ot til

dirac t ~r ~ a. osse consul taut, six. case workers ~ one of v/ilOUl

10 ass.igned to the M i~sion of .our Lady .of M~r cy , another t o

the e 9 Y ~ O . Homes, and a statistician. 68

The furlctlcnsof the Sooial Service Department may be

SUlilillarized 8$ follows.: to interpret,. together with all the other' depart:nents and institutions af'fl1ia.ted with the O~Y .. O., the 'WQ,rk of' the Catholic Youth Or ganiza.tions, and social worl{ in gener.al to the communi ty; to co-ordlna te ancl integrate the activities of, and to assist in developing programs for, the various department.s of the C.Y.. O. Central Offic& an-d the instltutiol1;sai'filiated with the Catholic Youth Organl- zatlons; to give counseling service tO iindlvidual8, and eon­ t suIting service to other socls1 service agencies, both public and private; to assist young men and young :women in securing employment thbough the services of the Employment

Di v~sl on.; to develop a .Juvenile Delinquency Prevention

Service in conj.unction with the' Crime Prevention Bure

1ble for the eompila'tion. tm.nlysls" and interpretation of statistics of 8-11 the departr-.lents of the C.Y .. O. Central

Ofl'ice and of the agencies and institutions affiliated with the C.Y'1'O.

~e $ocl0.1 SerVic.le Department has the respons1bl11 ty fo!' a..11.swering hu.ndreds of the letters received fronl all parts of the United States requesting vsrlous t ypes of servioe. The nature of theso letters ranges from requests for placements of boys and. girls in tnstitutlons conducted by the Catholic Youth Organigat:1on to appeals for informa­ tIon paz-taitling to all phase IS of child guidance . One, of the most i.rr;.portant functions of the Social Service Departme-nt is to explain to the hundreds of people. who come to the Soc1al 69

Service Department why the Catholic Youth Organization cannot .0 help all Catholic boys and girls and why some of them have to be referred to other social V'Jelfare agencies, both public and private . Through skilled intake service, the department interprets the functions of the Catholic Youth O.rganization, Which, like all private agenc ies, can perform only those services allowed by t he provisions of its charter and the limitations of its budget.

The G. p Y. o. S·c outing program (affiliated SCOUTING PROGRAM with the Boy Scouts of America) functions under the director, a priest moderator, '."lho i s located in the Central Office. This scouting program is modeled after the Boy Scouts of America, Inc., except that t he parish is the center of activi ty and membership is limi ted to Catholic boys . A parish may have as many troops as its scout program requires. In many instances there are ten or more troops in one parish. Cub scouts , Boy Scouts, Sea Scouts , make up the whole progr am . In the year 1939, there were 224 Catholic troops in the ArChdiocese of Chicago with a mem1:)ership of 4 , 874. There are t hree Rita Clubs mainta.ined RITA CLUBS by the Catholic Youth Organization to provide at low cost home-life care for y01.mg emploJed girls between the ages of 18 and 25 . There i s a woman superintendent in charge of each club . The Rita Clubs are l ocated as follows: Rita Cl ub No .1 . •. 1700 W. Jackson Blvd. Rita Club No .2 ... 160 west North Avenue Rita Club No.3 ... 6330 S. Woodlawn Avenue 70

In January" 1940, the Catholic Youth

DODDR!DGE FARM Qrganization acquired Doddridge Farm, a

eamp ~ocated in Libertyville, Illinois .. The croup consists of 19 buildings situated on 110 ncves. The Ca.tholic Youth Ovganization has offered the use of this camp to the nnited states Committee for the Care of European Ohildren as a. place for the care of guest children alloca.ted to the Chicago area, until they can be placed in foster homes. So far no children have been received at Doddridge Farm; inasmuch as only a small number of children have been recei ved in this count.ry under the auspices of the united States Committee for the Care of European Children. No definite program for the use of this camp haa been established because of the uncertainty of evacuating large numbers of c.hildren from Europe. At the present time the Farm is being

used by various clubs or the Arehdiocese of Chicago for week­ end retreats, social outings and conferences. The Vacation Schools of the Catholic VACATION SCHOOLS youth Organization, foundeEl in 1930, under the direction of His Excellency, Bishop Sheil,. have as their purpose:. 1. To bring through the priests and sisters in charge of the individual vB.cationschools, the influence of religion into the lives of the thousands of Oatholic children attend­ ing public schools as well as into the lives of all the children in attendance regardless of race, eolor, or creed. 2 . To provide, especially in congested areas, and for underprivileged children, a program of educational recreation 71 under the supervision of religious leaders and recreational experts. 3 . To aid in delinquency prevention by constructively occupying the time and energy of the children for six weeks of t he SlJ.mmer period. 4. To assist individual pastors in the Vacation School areas by providing them with pertinent religious information obtained from the registration cards regarding t he religious status of t he children and t heir families. During t he summer of 1940 the Catholic youth organiza­ tion operated 40 Vacation Schools, locat ed in congested areas throughout t he Archdiocese. '.f.1he schools were conduct- ad with t he cooperation of the Chicago Par k District and the voluntary help of 1,133 teachers. The great majority of these volunteers consisted of pri ests, seminarians, sisters, publi c school teachers, Catholi c college students, W.P.A., N.Y.A. and Chicago Park District emp loyees. The total en­ rollment in t he C.Y. O. Vac ation Schools for 1940 was 14,600. The Catholic youth Organization, working JUVJEI~ILE DELINQUIDWY in conjunction and cooperating with the PREVE JxTT I ON SERVICE Chicago Police Department, is endeavoring to approa.ch the problem of delinquency with a positive program of prevention.' As a pr eliminary step , t he Commissioner of police assigned a memb er of the Chicago police Department, who is a graduat e social worker, to assist t he C.Y. O,. in de­ veloping the program. Through arrangeme nts with t he COnm'l,andlng Officer of t he Crime Prevention Division the nS.mes of all Catholic boys and girls who come in conflict with the law, 72 but whose offenses are not consIdered serious enough for a referral to the ..Tuvenl1e COU1"t, are direct&d to the Catholic Youth Ol"ganlzation. "The Priest Dlrectol" of Parochial Activ­ ities Is ass isting rne.m.bers of the Socla1 Service Department assigned to the Juvenile DelinqUency Prevention Service in recruiting a. group or volunteer workers, who, after attencL­ anne at institutes will. assist the prof'c.ssionally trained. workers in guiding these boys and girls. Plans are being for.m.1.l1ated whereby the social wor}cers t),$signed to the J'uv,en­ lIe Delinquency Service, aft~r consultation wi.th individ­ ual pastors}. wil.l !l1Clke sUl~veys of groups of parishes in order to al)proach scientIfically the solution of parochial soeial and economic problema. affecting tho \"!&lfare of' these youthful predelinquents. he program 1s so designed that the 0.7.. 0. will cooperate with other co:r.r..?,m1ty ag,encies engaged in work in this f'ield. 75

fiHAT______ARE TYlE~ AC1'IVITIES, l . . ______OF THE C.Y ,...... O..,..,.. ?

The Catholic Youth Orgr.mizat1o:n sponsors the folloW'.., ing activit1at>, }mich are classified under four main heads"

namely, Rolig1.ous j Educational, Recreational" Social Service .

~!GIOUS RECn&ATlON.~.J:~ Holy HOUN we at gldii Coununity Center Spirltuel 'Rallies Athletics . Retreat s Low Org.an1zed Games novenas Bask€>tball Softball EDUCAl'IONAJof Volleyball . ~ - . . Baseball Lewis Scho,ol of' Yentlis Anronautlcs g1.vim;-ning eisea (Chioago lnt~r- Cycling Student Cs,hhollc Action) Table Tennis Ci,see Alumni Boxing Scholarships' T:(meh Football Adult Edu¢ation Classes Horseshoes s tudy Clubs Harblas Ice Skating SOCIAL SERVICE Traek ...... ' ....., ...... -0.;,._ Cross Country Races Rome for Depondent Boys Hockey Home for Youthful Tr1£usients Golf Borae for Parolees Ued1cal Departm0nt Boys t Camp Dental Deparu1Cnt Crafts Juvenile Delinquency Scouting Pl~evention SC'rvice Vacation Sehoola Counseling Service Band Consultation S.arviee Dra:natics Employment Bupeau Doddridge Parm Statlsties Youth Socials 74.

TO SmlMJ\.R!ZE.. j ~'rIllE ACTIVITIES _~-.w_OF THE c. Y...... 0:

AU AI'ULh~IOL:gAGUE--the largest in the world--witb Lllore than 50*00000Y8 and girls enrolled in it and actively taking part in ita numerouu $porta.

A SOCIAL SERVICE PROGRA11 which provides an avel'age of 1,,350,000 meals a y$tlr to homeless bo1's 8M young men.

'THE C. Y.O. WORKnm BOYS' ROHEl! 1140 West ,Jaekson Boulevard.:t which hous:es 150. boys under 21 years of age .

THE C.Y.O. HOTELS:t- 29thaud ~!1 cbigan Avenue> llhlcb. houae more t-hen 300 young men under 25 years of age.

An EXTENSIVE EDUCATIOUAL PROGRAU which provides:574 Bishop Sheil scholarships to leading CathoJ,lc high schools

and colleges in the eount17andalso Ill't scbools

and bttsl11C:SS oolleges.

'PRE C.Y .. O. V'ACNfIOll CEJ:1TERS" TIlth s. total 'enrollment of' more than 15.000 children ..

THE CATHOLIO TROOPS OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA , which

number npoutS.OOOcatholie boy scouts:~ includ­

ing, 00, E8&l e SeO'll.t Club o£ 100 m$;mbers.

THE C .. Y'to Ot BAND of 100 pi$C6$ and a ,J'iTIUOR BAND of 50 pieces. 75

THE LEWIS HOLY NAME SCHO OL OF AERONAUTICS at Lockport, Ill., vlhlch is being attended by 150 poor but am.bitious boys and which is considered one of the finest of its lcind in the United states.

A ~1EDIC.A.L AnD DENTAL DEPARTMENT, which offers free treatment to thousands of needy boys annually.

ONE OF THE FI NEST AND MOST POPULAR GTI.1NASIUMS in Chicago, the C.Y.O. Center Gym, 31 East Congress street-, training quarters for some 2,000 boys who find boxing a wholesome and intere sting means of athletic recreation.

THE MAINTB1:1AJ:WE OF ART SCHOOLS, DRAMATIC CLUBS , GLE!!: CLUBS, LITERARY GUILDS, DANCING CLASSES, and similar activities intended to provide outlets for the cultural interests of boys and girls.

It has been estimated that, indirectly, the C.Y.O. progra."'Il is of interest to 200 .. 000 young boys and girls living within the confines of the Archdiocese, which em­ brace s Chicago and surrounding tovms, such as Joliet,

Kankakee, E ~~urst, Waukegan, etc. 76

The Catholic Youth Organization has three

Fn~ANCING general sources of revenue with which to THE C.Y. o. finance its pr ogram ~ First is the Com­ munity Fund of Chicago, which is a private agency organized to raise funds among all the citizens of Chicago and to distribute these funds among the numerous social we lfare agencies in the city. The second source of revenue is through social and sporting promotions 't"hich are sponsored by the C. Y. O. The revenue derived from boxing and basketball contributes much to t he maintenance of the organizati on. Dinners, parties, dances, and other social activities are a means of raising funds in support of t he C.Y.O . The third source of revenue consists of contributions from organiza- tions and charitable persons who manifest their interest in the C.Y. O. program in a m.ore concrete manner . Many groups like the Knights of Columbus sponsor promoti ons to raise funds. The Knights of Columbus annually sp onsor one activity from which they are able to give His Exce llency, Bishop Sheil, almost $20,000. The Catholic y outh organiza- tion has been named as beneficiary in several wills and has received small amounts from some estates. The organization operate s on a budget which must be rigidly a dhered to, since t he C.. Y.O . has t he responsibility of raising the money to meet any deficit _ The benefits that mi ght be noted through BENEF ITS consideration of so varied and extensive a program as is maintained by t he Catho­ lic Youth organization of the Archdiocese of Chicago would 77 appear to be numerous. Probably the most important accom­ plishment of the C.Y.O. is the growing recognition on the part of prominent lay and clerical leaders of the absolute necessity of providing a program af activity for all young people. Over a period of ten years the C.Y.O. has succeeded in dramntizing its work among Catholic youth. Through its own progra.-n, together with the Vlork of other youth organiza­ tions, both Catholic and non-Catholic, the people of the

United States have dome to understand and appreciate the problems of youth and the need of helping youth to face

these problems. It C[tn be truly said that in Chicago, at

least, the C. Y. O. emblem has come to symbolize youth vlOrk and youth planning. The more tangible benefits derived by every individual boy and girl participating in the C.Y.O. are reflected in their acceptance of religion as a basic force in community welfare. These children have been brought closer to the Church and school and by their actions have come to e.!)§:empllfy the spiritual work of the youth apostolate. Every follower of the C.Y.O., f£l.miliar with social and economic conditions in Chicago, ha.s come to know and appre­ ciate these benefits and t he bearing they have on the lives

of our boys and girls.

The future of the Catholic youth Orgs.nization is inev­ itably l1ru{ed with the future of American youth. Its future will be as great, as brilliant, as glorious a.s every a.dult, every Catholic parent, every priest of God, and every true American will want it to be. 78

CB:.APTER FIVE ..;.,;.;;;;;~~...... -....-

OR.IGIN AND DEVELOPMEliT OF Tim O.. Y .. O. --_. ----- p . ------

nl ~HE ARCHDIOCESB OF BOS1'ON ~ ---...-.. :ts ___ ;I( _

1. Introduction 2. Dloce'san Organi&a.tion

3. Duties of the Deanery Dlr~ctors 4. Perish Directora

5. Fundanwnte.l P'rinciples 6. Activities SpirItual CUltural Recreational flobby Clubs 7. Eve.luation 8 . Results 79

c . Y.,O . 111 'THE AROHDIOCESE OF BOSTOIl . -...... -... ~

youth work in the Archdiocese of Boston

Ih"TRODUCT I 01: 1s not new. Under the le&dershlp of

His Eminence, Will lam Cardinal 0 ' C'onnell, devoted priests have wOPked zealously for marrY' years spon­

soring spiritual, recreat,i onal, ,cultural ,and soc1alactivl- ties, 'tl1th special emphasis on the care of youth during t.heir formatlveand adolescent years. Recognizi.ng the need 'Of coordinating the DIOCESA1, many programs and activities that were ORGAlUUTIOil already existing, and wishing a16-0 to

expand where there was room, His .Em1nencc 1 theCardlns.l, gave a new and more vigorous impetus to this work in October, 19.38, by establishing the Catholic youth Organization on a

p arish,dlstrict, deanery I and diocesan basis. It is under the general direction of the Cardinal,. and under the per s anal sllperv1510n o·f the Diece san O. Y. 0. Dire-c tor, who 1s charged with the r eeponalbl11ty of supel"vlsing and di­ recting the developl1lentof'thu organization as approved by the Cardinal throughout the Archdiocese. He interprets to the clersy and to the laity the program approved by Hi s Eminence and stresaes the need of carryIng out a 1'flell- r ounded progra.'!l . Ever since its organization, Reverend George M. Dowd has been in ,charge of the G.Y. O. as Diocesan :Direetor. eo

WC>t'klng with P'e.ther Dowdare appointed d1~ector$ tor six county div isions knOlit>tl as denuol?ios. deanery composed oK a group of pal:'"ishos

l)'m'IES OF w1 thin !l defin! te geogl~eph1ca.l el"tlQ is DEAJrnltY DIRECTORS the 1nte:rZledlnry bet-woen t;ho Arehdloea@an c . Y. O.. and. the parish units.. It functions pr iraal"11y to s-tlm.1l1ate end wporvise activities in the parish,. and pro-motes end direct,s. 1ntGl'-paroeh1al activities. !n the tall of 1940 .... six prleat:s \Je~e apPointed Dj' I11 s Ctmne:nca to act ua Daancl7' Dl;racoors.The function of 'che D6aool'YDircetor Is!

a) To nid the Diocesan Director in oxtanding tho youth pr ogrtU!l b}To coordinate youth$ct1v1t1eB within l11e ci.aal'lery

c)tto ~O"iWuge loeel eff'Ql"ts i n o.r gnn131ng @

d) To relay lt1;Q.terlals received from tbe DlooG $~.ft Oirectoll to the pnriGh units

e) tj,'() ~1d the dev~lopm.ent or inter-parochial sct1viti6&

T-b.e pastor or one of the es&letants 1$

PAR.ISB the Pttl"isn C.YA,Q .. 01r6Ctov" \'lho eOQl~l- D:mECTORS natO$ all the 'Youth progrmus aDd nctivl-

1t1ea in the parish 1n tlw ea.":te "fJ87 as th~ D&nn'tlry and n100o.san Directors do, only on t\ Sa~aller se:$le. Slrtne the

success of tba C.Y . 0 .. in e,:nygivan pur! shdepend.:s up on tl:l~e qt:;;a11ty and num'bcr of ita adult le'fldars,. the l? al~l sh O.. Y.o.

Director" att el" .(atuttylng the ontire l?O~t&r., selEH:~ts tho:l$ sten and w~..en best- q,ua11fied to :assist h1n in planning 600 orgnnlr.lng tho various actIvities in the different progrru!1 divisions. 81

1. The parish is the busie unit tn the FtJm>Al!Btfr AL o.y .. O.. set-up.. 81nee the youth problem PRtliOULES in 110 two parishes is t)xaetly a~lke # ,eGch pnstor ~s the liberty Gf adapting the- d!ocesan program to his psrticu.l£l:r "C11"O'l~st-!tnc6B_ 2. Noth1ng tbe.t has boon built up .1n tho ptarlsh es an opgenlzed gt"oup &hou.l.d be torn down orc-hangod w1tbou.t 'Urgent reafJ-c:')1lS.I' but if eapablQ of if?l.pr

S.. Kxlst1ngaoeietloa :rOl'> young people vlith a live pr.ogr arn should be brought under the 'bnn.."1.er of tho C.. Y. O. as a cOON,.l1nat1ng agency without destroying thel~ present 80t-Up.

,. Hembarsh1p ~ religious sooietlea must be u~ged lest noM but. n"41terial bGnef1ts l16 acl11eved. 5.. The O. Y. O. in tbe p,Etri$haehool sbmtld. as far us poss1ble, consider and p~ov:'de rot' 81.1 the neon.a of youth, o.pir1tua.l EUI rlell se material ,. m&ntAilas wull as phys1.cnl,r the rO~eF having preccide:J;'le.f! in 'each ease. G. The C.Y. O. far"lsa complete and 1nto6J.1'91 unit in tbe eXQ:r:t'c:iS€ of' Catho11-e t'i

~l. -'11he priraal'Y requisite for spirItual development 1s frcqll.snt !'oceptlon or the see ents. C. Y .. O. members ;aa:,-

:reoeive Holy C~on one partimtlat' Sunday, ~ the nUf:lPleeS of their 1ndlv1dllal pariah unitt! or Ii.S lnC!nbere of an exlatent p'arooh1al &oc1@ty.

!nte:mu.ral. activities &re eneour-nged~ .s!n.ce the C. Y. O" insist·s that all youth pllrtleipat-e actively .. 00

~t0mbel"S of the C.Y.O. comprise boys and

t.mfimEBSHlP g~ls . young t1en end TIOttl.etl 01" three 0.1£­ fet'ent age laval'S,; JUniors, 10-14 lnclu.-

sive,; Intermediatos, 15-1S~ and ~n101"S., 1'9--25.

Yotable l-'esults ha:~G bQcn achieved in t.he Acrr-InfJ."IBS lnterest. of' the youth of Boston. The fol­

lowing ~re eO!>le of the rr.any Qct!vit!:es

leh l.la.Ve been eond:ucted in the v1l-ri o'~'s parishes:

2eiritu~ ;L . : Junior Holy nar:!n~cf6ti(H~, .. Senior toly N811!e

Societies, Knights 'Of' the- S:tM'~ret1 HetU't,. Young Mon' s Soo"alltios"

Rotreatsl' :!fissions ~ Ccv.J1'l.,.'junian Br·EHikfa,g,ts,1 Da.ys 01" Recollection,

Ou);" Ladyfs DflY"~ Rali61o.u-G Celebrat1:on. Religiou s InstructIon,

Ch.l1dren or Mary Soda11t1&B, Young Lad1e~P SodalitIes ..

!?;ll~rQ!: Bands,. Drum and fiuglu Corps, Choral Groupe,

01'ol:i$stras. DGbQtiI'lt.~ TG"~ 8" Or-iltor1.eal GI'ottps" Drmnotlcs,

B~ading C1r-clo.$, StudyOlub's" Discussi on Groups. EGsay CO'n­

tt')st~h Spelling 13ees.

ReOr$Utionel:c Football, Bask~tba ll ". Busebt.-.l l" Soft Ball.

SW1':mlillg, lee liacke,. I Tr ack land ~101d.&vents , Galt. Bowling"

GJt1 £:16&805, Tabl.$ Games, -relm1s, Volle7onll. __. IUking, C_p1ng.

~lal: !Jothe;rst Day Progl"s.m~ Father and Sons' r.aght l Holiday Ent ertei%\.;:;ents, Se-nsooo.l Part.ies. Picnics> Bot Scouts

Colmnbisn s quires, catho-lle Boys l Bl~lgru!e.) Junlo~ FQr&stel~S f

,$'\m.1'l0r C~Pti.

~o::o!?z Cl ubs: Ph.otOe~8PhY \t Boat Mod~llng . All"plaue Modeling, Sculpture :,'1ork. Art and Drawing, St e.:1!P Collecting .. Co1n Collecting. 83

Dll~~l:n£ its ~~nr4i.tlvely brief 6ld.stonce,J

· RESULT'S TWa FAR the Oatholic Youth Organization had en­

joyed the 'tIhole~~~d mld snthueifJ.stl,e

eoopoI:ocatlo11s,nd :suppo:rt or t..lle priests tmd la~~n we ooV$

been a1Jslgnodto d.1raet 'f'Quth won in their p~r:tshes. t11th

th~lr fu)s.:istanoo tbe Ctltho11.o Youth Ol"I'a-n1ze.tlo1:l bas Itooam­ plishsd the fo.llo.w1ng ;

1_ c. y", o. Dl~~ctors t Conte~enc.

r"1 ~. ,tothl.U'iJ 1 'flay a~ l1G1rtus P )"'O€)'Fmll

oJ" (Jl}.tho11c YO\J;th il$117-P6'nst of' Chrlst tru, ~1ng

4. C.y .. o. .. Baseball .teag'l;;k~a-71 te3ma in 1939~ 220 teams in 1940~ 20e t~ in 1941

5. O. y.o. Baaketbtll1 L&~guetl-...s2 t~.s 1n 1959; 11f0 tE'kltm in 1940 s. .0 .:[ ,, 0 . Bend ·Contost- ... sa U'rUt$;t 2, 3.00PiWtlc1pants in 1939; 49 unlt1*., 2 •.000. partl¢;lp~.l;"lt:s itl 1940; 50 unita, S,")OO ~ti.clpt:tnte .tn 1941

1. C&tholie no,. Scouts SundaY""'"-~ # O{}t) p&rt1-eipants in 19:59; 3., 500 par'tlci pant.s in 1940

8 .. c.y.o .. DowllngLcagua ... - §o tem";lS 1n 1~9; 60 t.esms in 1941

9. Raw England Catholic Baackcthsll. ~oU"rnam0ntt 10:59-1940.... l941 $ponsore4 {)'1 tM C.. Y.O.

10.. C~t.h.. () 11e 111gh So.hao:l Athletl.e Aasociatlon :fo · ~d. ... - ...~l me:ll100l'$:

11; O&tholic Il1gh ~ho-ol Orgt.Q)."'1cal and D&b.at1nS Lt)fjg'ilo .. . C'. Y.. O.b.as g1 V't1n gl."cf.tater impetus t-O thls eultn .u>al aet .1~lty.

1:2. C. Y.. i) . Golf i'Ollrn41r:te:nt 19--$0 ... -286 part.icipants, in a slngle day... -1S hi'~le medal pl.67 " 1941 TOUTOO7 eon... ducted O~"l twada'1sc ...... 166 Jun101?s ,s.nd. 85· S'0'nloI'a 84

l~;. Ap1")t>Qxim:ntoly 4,000 boy~ thronged the Cath~al at this y{mr t S observance of th(lCatho11c Boy Scout S\!nd~T. 'Th~1'''6 was n t ur.nout of S().!tlJl 3500 girls for the l fl st Catholio Girl Seou:t Sunday .. 14.. Pour-teen parisoos partieipated In the C. Y.. O.. on'll­ act play oont.a-atl' .and al~Qst 50 boys and girls were, :f'1nal1et$ Inth.e organization's orato-l"'1cal conte-ott .

15. In tho recent nnnunl C.:T..O. bsnd concert ~t Doston College's Alumni Fleltl, 34 musl¢-al units numbering 2,,000 mt:Jl"Jt::K"lre took ,pert~

Thfl t tiwrlz is %lead for ol>ganized leisure­

EVAUIATION time activities 1'01" :youth is evidenced. by a recent report of Doctor JGmes A. Nolan. director o£ the Washington CrL'!l1nal Justice ASll 00 ie.t Ion..

Doeter liolon d1sel"H3,ed tbs.t boys undor 'slxtf}~n era now gIv­ ing la~en!'orce~·lrnt agnneias the nlost trouble" wher(,Hls

,tuvenllo court problems have pNv1ous!y eentel~ed around tbe

16- 21e.ge gl"ou.p. Boston soc!olog1.sts and j'UJ?1sta agree Y1ita~ this finding. Juvenile delinquency in Greater Boston$ long a peB. 'e~ - t1 X!e. pl"oblelll; hliS gown to alQTm1ng pl"oport1on$ eince

Pearl Harbor, but one o~g6n1zat1an in this $oetlon 1& do~ng ometh1ng constructive .aooutit.

Standing as 11 1>ulwsl'&(, aga;inat ,j\.wenl1G delinquency today is the C.. Y.. O. orgnntzation" meet1ng ,the splrltl-uU, (n.utul?&l, tblotloaud 80c1a1 ne&& of toousend'$ Qf yeung peopll! with

progrs...'1l t f<..$t p:rh~, Ql"11y prevent1vo, not curativo. Oardinal 0 'Conn.ol.l, who lei..'Ulehed the C. Y.O. threo ailda half 'years ago, a.aye, ftFrom the v.ery boglnn1ng 1 twas S'uceass­ f'ul, nnd G well-p lanned and balanceQ leisure-t1!t.e program is noW' a~a12ablo to all the youth of 'the diocese .. ' 85

O'iUG!IS .AND D~V~Wp~EIrr OF TU;-:: C .. Y .. O '*"" 11'- ~ ~ • . _ A ' ~ ' -' ...... ~ ~~ ~

- ~- - - -~- -' - ...- ~~ . - . -- ..IIJ

1.. Historical Background

2 . organization

5.. P~ogrQta ana Activities Reer6Ettional Cultural Social Sccutln,g ,Publici ty Vohlntesr BUl"GQ-u Spiritual

4. Stf1tlstlcsl SUtnrd:.ttry 86

i1hen the Ca.tholic Youth Ol"'ganizatioll

HISTORICAL of Uew York W88 orgnnized in 1935 and BACXGROU1jl'D dealgnated by the la'te Cardinal Hayes as the· official diocoss:n le1s·ure-twe a.gency Tor young people

:I. t already had a foundation of notable \'lorIs: by Catholic clergy and laymen as a ba.ckground.

Pat.her .Tohn C. ~oole w.as the first to lay the foun­ datiQnof tho organiza.tion when he, a ssisted by several lay leaders, opened Father Dru:rngoole fa Home in 1890. His asso... ciates carried on this \'fork undor the nal'l1e of the Catholic Doys " Associ,ation, which l.n turn was success! vely reorga.n- ized a.nd known as the OZAnaln Associa.tion in 1908 and later a·s the Catholic B0'19 t Clubs of the Archdioccse of !few York. The present organi.zstion, although only three years in o'Per-at1on, has expanded and grown Into one or the 'outstanding youth agencies of the StQtc of flew York, guiding the le1'S31.lr-e hours of approxir.':a.tely BO , 000 young p.-eople. It is the pu.r­ pose of the Catholic Youth Organization to provide sui table activitie.s for these boys and. girls and to act ss a fIOfiatruc- tive foree in their development, through a program of a.ctiv- ities, -spiritual, social, cultura.l, and athletic in nature . Thesc activltiesare chosen and -developed

ORGAUIZATIon into a prOcralll according to the needs of

each parish C .. Y,. 0 •. Unit, lllh1ch is the core of all C.Y . O. activity. There are so f(U' 256 such

1 parish units slH ead throughout the counties of flicmond l the Bronx, Manhattan, and Wes tchester . Units are also being developed into acttve C.. Y. O. membership 1n Rocl:la.nd and B7

Orange eounti9s. Tho aotlv1t!ea of the, sepaz'at -n units .era of s varied nature aecording to the mal{cup of the paz't1sh, ita faoilities., n&i{,,)lbQl'hood, etc.. These units are dlv'J.ded into e dOl.lble elsiful:lticat1on: One: ba~ an activoly or-gan-

1sed C. Y ", 0 .. PQl~ i8b m

As to the act'uf?.l or'gnn1zu'tion i.taelI J the O.. Y. O.. 1$ ehartii'lred &5 • I:1Gobersh1p oorporation 01: tile Stato or li$:W Y01"'k,. 1.'he Board of Diractors Insk O up t he backbone or the

(H)rpo~&,t1on., worklng hand in hand with t he- ·c.lergy in silaping tho 'PollelGs and activities 0.£ the entl1'e or8nnig;~t10'n ..

An Areb.dtoee-sen Direetor tmd an Aa.sistant Arch(l1oeeSell

D1-ree,tor, wor!d,tlg t'rom the execlltive offIce,. SP'f), in chat-ge of theC.. Y .. () .. progl'$ and the ~et\uu enr!'Yi11g Qut of ltG &ct1v1tlas . Vivo count:,r dlr$otors, twctor li!nnhat.tan, and one ff,)t' th~ Bronx, tYe stche-ster flnd Stat()u Isla.nd, who have ,alread-r been !:lent1oned as the points of -contact between the psviah unit$- al'ldt~ e~e-cutlvo Qf£i~ , trlOongother duties a&G.lst 111 the C' steblls1lmont and deve1o!.Jmcnt of' 'tl:nits,. au.par­ viae athle t i c eom;petltiona,.ffee'Ure. pay s:ptlCf) rOT g£mes and mea-tioga and help formul.r;te 11 siu'it.&ble program. 'Thern 1s alao. S: pro~am ~..nd emlC!iti on director I whn sets in an adv130ry BS capacity in all me:tter,$ relating to the progr 'mzt of th-e

P-QrighC,..Y~O .. unitcS Bnd h8.$ $upel'Vl.$ion of all Arehdloe.ese.n proj-eeta; e. Boy8e<>ut Dire.et-op" !l fublic 1~ ty Dir6H:~tor and a

Boxing ra,reetor. Tb.$se $l"$ priests doing Ptirlsr). 'Work vib:o in tbeir ep~r~ time help in th-e t.a'skof organizing tn.£:

C. y . O.. tn their e:l"eaam:nd WQrk with eM 10&81 O~y*O ... , field men._ This t'lP& of organ1~tl!:, t . 1oJlallow$ the C.., y .,O.. to- be fle,xlbleenough to suit 1ndivioo.al needs, and yet retain eoherene:e and unit""

A.s J to tM pl"ogrEmi itself ~ it must be

PROGRAtl AftD remcmbe-re.d th~t the purpose of it is to JtGIf-IvtT rES provid$ sut talb-I .e l~· iwr& .... t iJ"t.l.eact 1 vi t ·le,s

,d\Wlng the period the t the yo;u,.ugperson1s not unde.r the guidance 'Off th.e school or 0 ,014&.. 'The-r,etorc, it nG.$ -:H~lact&d those k 1 ~1d-SC-r activities whieh n e;v-e b-~.n found t-o app,e ll l to and f),ttract 7oun,g peo.ple.

'ReereJllt,lol1alt Atbletl~s , whicll eaptur-e the- int-erest and enthusiasm of' young pe:ople &t all ti.lll&SI' are given great. prQm1nenc-e in the pro~l~am. Dttt>1ng t he pt1 ~t S€H3di~On ~i"15,

t~Hm'l$ played. int0:v-pa~o-eh181 baslcetbsll tnC .. Y.O., leagues.-

There we,re 1,288 l&ague g-araeg 1nwhleh .5 , 625 players par.... tieipatfJd. Three -O.Y. O., baseball lengues had 212 tearu.s w.ith

3 , 995 indlvidus.l :e,ontes,te.nts, and condneted 1 .... 259 games. glght O.Y. • O.• 'boys were placed .in minor le .~e professional baseball. There were 72 s;oft'bal1 teams;) 75 football team$- and ,a

Whole series -of l"oll-eX' hoceke::r .and 'bo:wling .games.. Trs~k-and $9

'tnril'mlling me-ets wt'l'e also arl'anged. It boxIng center, one .of the finest , in liew Yo-rk" provides hraining Qnd instruetion

quarte?s ror the 175 boys enrolled in the boxing temtl£h One of the sel)viees offered the parish untt.s 1a the eonduetlng

of an ~ntir i$ boxing e.Jd:1ibitlon in accord vlith the lavlS 'of the

State Box.lng COl'$''tl:ission and the Metrop-ollt!lf:l Association of

the A• .A ,~ U. G.Y.O. boys alao participate 1n the Dia."'ll.ond. Belt Touro"t1l'RGnt and Gold.en Glov6e Shows .. Tn help the victir.J$ of 1rlf'anti,la ptl);'"alysl$., a aw1Im'.alng

elas-s forel"lppled ~1111d.ren ,is being o>perate-d in Staten

Island tmd'er d1.r~ct orthopedio ~up6-rviSilon.. This is a

unlqu:e service in If.e\'1 York ~

ttll tur1l11 ~ The cuituralprogrsm campri aes P.o th recr:ea­

tionaland. educatior~l activit.les. A Gl0'e Club t'or young men OVer 1. 8 yenrs of age has bee'!! organized, and. aeveral dramatic fJ.c)c:iet1ee are now produeir...g m.:uslcal S!1o-ws."dra."li:Qs" f.l- nd minst.rel ano'w,s. Instr1.1ction in tap and 'ballroom dancing

are also available inso~ units ...

'Thl>ee leading 11bra'I'isB are operating wlthgraat SUo­

cess 1 and there is gr,ellt inter'est in the Pnrish Study Club$

n.ow being :i'or;m.e:a. TheBe inelud,@ such features S3 le,cture

and d,e-hntlng groups; and public fOl"\Irrl groups, and b:ranen o.ff'

into hobby 'elubs of' all It!.n..ds"

Arts aU(icral'ts ar-& being t:roight wh.erever po-sa1ble J giving <1 .Y. O.. membe'1's the opportunity to learn handicraft,

111 etal ,and woodwork. art work; aeulptur0~ :end soy/ins 90

30c1ttl = Tlw soeiol pl"'ogrsm is l:>&rt1eult.U"ly iIDportsrtt in thnt it pron'm'toH the pt*0i1er s1.1pel"vis,1on of ~,Xcd sather- lnss, snd provioos tr('in1ng 1n tho orQ,i?1rly oonduct or meetings. Ptirlsb dnnceS$ on nn annual, ~nthly, liiod Vl~H:::kll" basitt a~e the mO$t: popultllr ot the 8001al tunct1otls:- and card parties, par:!Jih motion p1cturos, p1cni cs" hll!~a, 6tnd dexile.ing 'C'lnssea ~ among tho other n.etlv-lti.t:i{3 wh1cl.l 'Pc ....

CQ! va the c,n'thuaia st 1 CSUPP Ol't o:t the C.:'!. 0... me;rlb~r$ ~

8,eo't.~!n~; Tho eatab11 $hmont of Boy and Girl Scout

Troopais en i;;aJ;1o:r?t&nt f~llture of the l)Ql~l$ll 0,. Y .,(). pt'osr_J since scouting provide!! exe-ellent tr-alning fo-r I"tttura 1"0.... sponsibie cit;l~n&bip.. A Gc-outing director, Inoku.tr80 of th1.sd1vi-ai-on" Md a modera toOl' ,are eon8t ~"lt ly in to-ueb

"1 th all ~"enta of ul')ortanee to the un! ts,.

PU~lcl tl: Press f'aleases to 't~ba n0wapllpora &l)i(1 a w£ekly two-page sprt;ad in tho Cutbolic ll$¥lS intol'm$ the pub11e Qf G . Y.O~ Qctivlt1ss and afftd.J"s,.

Voll..mtoor BuP&Qll\: A Voluntc-er Bureau bas OO~ act up 'lWO' , wh.lchpl"O!"~ldcs leadol's And coaohes f'or ~~() various un!. ts

.f"r'001 'Catholic o.ollob"6S,.such as Manb9.ttan, Fordhat1", -and, Usw

Rouhe 11e ~ and from the ITotro Dame an4 lona Sehool Alu.~i .. Aeaurse oft-r-aining 1s p.rtwld-ed. :tal' ,the benofit of thQs-a vvlu.nteere:. open also to 0.11 youth land&r-a fl'o.::a tl:le: parisl"l unita.

,SF!}'"! tun~ ~ Wh11e~at$st pro-ro;.1ne:nee SOS1t$ to 09 given t~ tho sooial. athlet1.e .. and culture.! part ot th~ ;)l"c>gr-d." 1t. must not be thougllt that the spirituAl part 1s 91 oec~el7. !fills b~lng ~ eetholle Yout h Orgl1n1za,tion, it places tllO spi.rl;tu.al we~fnro of the in'd1v.1dunl abovo 61,1 other conr;ldorntlm.'ls.. It i .s 'btl sed on the concept that t,oa,ehing 10vo of God. gna regp~et foX' one's 'country is onG of the som:ulest ways of developing :tut1W~ citizens eapa'blG of 11v1.f'~ ,,10th the l d&filism flnd lnt.egrlt,- t hat no mnt ar1:al phl1oaop hy of 11.fo cO',,-ud ever elva tham.~

In tho ensuing pa~apha~ part 10ulsr

S1.'A~ISTICAL nttonti on Is given to thoso nctl'1titlee Str~1lAR~ of the C'!I Y. O.. pro~"l"ari3; tbtlt doserv0 ep~e1al mentIon. \:{9 ~~ not able tOl""CCQrQ, t ho cQuntlesti actlvltlElS ('lfthe nss p-Gl"och1a1 unl'ts.but t~e statlsti

1$ set up n$ separat(J d ivision of the Cuthol!c Youth OX"gan- l.zatioo $nd its .general st.t;ltiatlcs 1\1"'$:

Coune11 Ulli ts S~cout& CatholIc iotal Catholic in 1>01$ in Oatholic s.eoot- Catholic Other 13o;7s er '~ Units Units

Bronx. -.. .- ..... ~ . . 42 1",057 1,11(; 2, 21'7 293 B.ronx. Valley •. . 10 122 205 327 *77 Onto.hQss ...... , .. G -69 17@ 247 U2 ?Gl'limore- Cooper 6 145 002 42'1 79 Rendr1k Hudson. 12 140 2e~ 4<"}"".;;..;> 10C rJalli~nt t an ...... , GO 1,.053 l,.~') 2~2r..3-3 490 Ol'sn.ge-Su11 1vnn 15 lS7 101 S68 95 Rockland. _ • • .... 12 1GB 122 284 77

S !~o7 .. . "".-' .t 21 300 l e;O 400 150 S1~nhen Island .. 13 51S as') 040 130 Ulstor ...... 4 65 215 000 25, yonkers .• •. • ••• 20 509 40'0 9-1')9 143 - .' , i· ... , , ...... --~. iC25 4,127 5~04a 9,17'0 1~ 642 92

Girl Scouts are actively engaged in the Arehdioces'o and are registered as follows: Registered in Catholic Troops .••.• 3, 874 ilenl.'bol's of Other Troops. •• ••. • . •.. ~ 2,833 Unregistered C'stholic Girl Scouts 1.,400 8,107

Troop- La llders $ ..... 'Ii! .... '9 • • • • •• 494 Troop Comntittee Members •.. 567 Council Members •• "...... • ,. .' •• ----84 9 , 052

~ Ad".l1i ssion Fo.x: 0U:tstan~lng Event~: The central office seeures free tickets:- for sevepal worthwhile attra.c- tiona a nd distributes th.ese t hrough p arishes t o i t sri!ell1- bership.

1.. Over 4 . 500 children Viere guests of the r~ew York Major League Ball Clubs .

2 . Five Hundred enjoyed the invitation of the New York Football Giants at t he Polo Grounds. 5. Madison Square Garden played host to 500 boys and girls for amateur ice hockey. 4 .. Twenty-five hundrod girls participated in a .fre-a c.Y.o. boa.t ride to Bear Ii!ountein. c.y.o.. Vocational Guidance and Placement Service: The -'------,-- - --~. -~ - -- ~-. -~ renowe-d grant of the Groater liew Yor k Fund enabled the C. Y. O. Bronx Vocational Guidance and Placement Service to continue its progra.'l'tl for a sc.c ond year. Accordingly

342 Clients applied and were l.ntervl~w-ed 235 Family visits made relative to interviews 145 Concerns applied for young men 317 Clients applied for positions 222 Clients were placed 4 Sepa:r"' a,te industries sre ,olass ified in their ~ccupatlonal files 93

c .. Y .. 0 Bducntional Servie·e: 'l'hrough the assistanceo! the Hayden Fotmdatlon, the G.Y .. O. :i!.klucat1.onal Servlee has been abla to c<)ntinue its expansion. Thus rar its major work ha.·$ been its motion picture departt.1ent. 'l'hro1.lgh this m6flh'1.S, 111 separate motion picture prog.r.runs were put on in 46 par! shes . Tw-o hundr-ed fifty..... nine films Viera used for th~se show.ings" Th0 approximate audieneefor tbese c .. y.o. exhibItion{$: totaled 27,.750. O.. Y. O. pictu.res were. lOQned to p ~..r 1 sh units who have the :!. r own equipment on fiftj-two occ·asions. C.,y . 0 . Boxinfi Department.: The Boxing Department ln lIne with !latlonal De.fcns-6" has oonduoted se-veral boxing exhibitions at milit.ary p-o-sts. "The o.Y.O. also Qs s. isted in the inaugural Yonkers P. ·A. L. rally" by sponsoring an outdoor bolting show befor·e 15,01)0 . Ov-'er SOO C. Y. O. boys entered the Golden Glove s and. D1runond Belts Bo;cing Tourne: - ments . 94

AP.P'E!lDU A ~iii . " ......

In 19:58. Re"erend Druni&D B .. :Lyons, O.F·.J.! ., S .. T. D.. , made the initial at.tempt at ·a surv~7 o£ the Catholic Youth

i!ov'Sment in the United states, whioh WllS published. in the

FranciscQll Bdue·ationsl. Oonfer$.noe Report; Volume XX,. Nov:&!G­ be.r, 1958. In thie report ?ather Damian wl?itas: "For many- nasons any attempted surv·ey of the Catholic Youth Movsmant- at tht,s early date ,oan mee:t, with only partial s.uecess. 1f"I1G- eompilatl-on 'Of aeeurat--e st&tlsti'oS depends on. the completenEHtEl of existing records. Not n.l~ Catholic Or- ganizations have: :eOf1Iplete reoord-s; the l'G:eentflreat1on of the diocesan t>rgantzat.lons forbids a eheclf--up on bona. fide

:membership; the "Newmttll Clubs thT'oughout the C011i'.lctry are t.oo loos~lY' f·eder$\.ted to war:rant the nat1ona~ aeeratliry's un­ equivocal statement on total membership_ flAnother factor to be borne in m:tnd 1s the dupliestion of me!tiberahip. namely, the sam:e person IDa:y belong to two or nlOl"€ ' soeieties . Furthermo:r·e~ in SOUla diQceses. wbich have sponsor-ed -a Youth Qrganization, we 1'ind other orgs.nlz.atlon$'

which are, 1nst1 tuted &c'corolng to the $tates t and not accord­ ing to. dioees$; alsG 10. the same diocese we have the nascent youth prog~sof the Religious Orders ~ Pin-ally, there .are m~ . ny par i .sh units vlhien have no affiliation w-ith fatly sIlcelfie dloeeaan or nation-al o-rgan1z:ati.on;ev,en -at the p~esent t11tlCW nlueh 1s baing done fo;r youth in thes-e parishes 'by th~ indivld- usl priests and. their lay Elt:\soe1ate.s. Henee to: gives. true pletuJ'-6 of the Youth Mov'sment in the ttnited States w~· sl:lO'uld. 95 have to comb every parish in the country" eontact every pa.stor, ascertain what organization 1s operative within his parochial 11mit6$ what is its memberslup) are the mE:ltllbar ~ enrolle·d in otherslrnilRt' organlaa.tlons~ and we should. draw the conclusion fl}at percentnge- ·O-f Cathol i c youth is benefit­ ing from the orgtl.tn.lz.ation. Such a &urve-y may come later; for the present we shallllst the variou'S .organizations that are c&ring for Catholic youth during leisure time,.tf

SLnce theabov'e publication, 'Fat.her Damian ma.de another tmrvEty o:f theCutholie Youth Mov:ement in the United States ..

Like the one printed j.tt 1958, it 1s too sket chy and dlsap­ pointIng to an7fone "Tho 1s aft~H· details: of what is being accomplished ~n particular d i oceses or loeallties. As far as Ie0111d ascertain, this sec ond survey. was never printed , but the i'ollowlng quotation from the me.nuscrlpt was secured through the .courtesy orPathe!~ Damian Lyons:

"C ..Y " O ... Diocesan Directors have beon appointed in

Boston, Chicago,. Clncinn£i.t1, Detroit, Dubuque, NevI Orleans ,

New York, Portland, Oregon, San Antonio, San Francisco~

Albany, Alexandria, Alt{).ona~ Cleveland,G-orpus Chr1sti, Fall

River,. Fort We:yn.e) I.Q CrOSSEl , Lincoln, Little Rock, Marquette, Monterey-Fresno, nashville, natchez, Paterson, Providence.

SaCl'f.Hllento . S ~d t Lake City, San Diego, Savannah-Atlanta, Whee ling, Dnd Wilmington .. HIt is almost impossible to daterm.lna the activi ty and success of the various brancbes. as very much depends on the parochia.l unit which is fJtronger in urban communities than 9t;) artlong .l"'Ul"'ulras.:tdonts. ks the indIvidual cells grow 1n e-xperl enc6.t the diocesan yout-h bod.". v111 b~eo.~i') strongor and ffiot"e compact. ~ 7e mad() no tS.ttempt to colleet tho llU111bcr of parochial units and their aggregate zaembershlp_ it rorntb:6P Damian points out that in twalvo otrwr dio.eoaes practio&11y ·tue $$.(ilf} pl'ogrtml hns hoeD :ad&~tcd .. only unQaX' a diffore.:nt na~Q;

ffTb.'Ua , Los .Angelea" Catholic Boys f Act.h;itle,s~ Phil~­ dfll.phla" Oatholic Yo-,xth AS!loolet1on-; Buffnlfl) hl,ls a D1o'Oosan Di'Pcet.-or of At;h1.Qt1e.s; Concordia. Catl'l.ollo Youth. of Conc:or... d1.e; Ual.las, S~hQ \ )l $ twd 8cy Wor k .; Es.no, D100Gsnn Athletics tlna. Recreation: 'Ukrainian Oreel; Catholic DiocaS0,. Y.Quth t ~

Ca:enol !e Act.ion f.U1d Ukrdnlnll. Catholic YOil th L6flg>.;le .. Diocesan Directors hava- been appointed t o $llp.er-v1s8' the functioning

·of thes'0 orgGn!'Zatlona,. l;fut in S~e instanoes tho,- S61"VO !.n a la.el~e ndv1$Qry ,oQpaci'ty __

ffwe await. t.he ~1r,st1 National Con.t~~l·&neO of DloeeSSIl

Ymlth Di reotors vhiehtl111 '00 held during t>ae~bel't in He Orloall$., It will be t'h-e first opportunity stat1stic1a.ns

\"1111 ~ve to f.':sthor mawrhlil regarding the a"e tuQl s i tuation in e VQry d.io~eao,.. If facts ~nd f"igu.r¢s 8l".e not fQl'tho(J!!li~ , llt loc.st we c an hope t~t a que$tlonna.11'c w-ill be pl'ap~rEH:l

nd p1.~sont-ed to the dltfeJ.-'Emt dh"oc toI'S to be ,ans¥tera:d at thei r conve.nit'lnc". l"lith their l"'eport -one wIll 'be abl.e to

udge the trend$ of ~,ll.tl Youth MovEl:!nent. and tb...e success of the tria·(1 pro~amliJ , 97

ttOffielal Diocesan Girls' Organizations 9.1'e recogni zed by the Archdioceses ,of 01nclnnati" Dubuque", Los Angeles, Milwaukee., New Orleans, San Francisco, St. PauL, and the

Dioces~or Albany, Bellevillo, Charleston, Cleveland, Fort Ws:yne " Great Fall s, H$tford, La eX'osse, Mobile, Monterey­

Fresno., Portland; ProvidEmc6 ~ Sacrruuontol Salt Lake Ctty, San Di ego, Spokane, To1,edo, and W1:'leellng. These Dioceses an.a Archdiocese-sara following the Youth Pro.gram of tllE}

:N.,C.C. vr . tl

Through the kindness and generous assistance of Rev.

Paul Tanner, Youth Director" N.C. t2 .. C.1. Washington, Isecurod the names and addresses of the Youth Director,s in the various Archdioceses and Dioceses of tbe country_ .on Nove:noor 1, 1942,

Q que stionnn,ire was sent to one hundre.d of these directors.

"ope than two-thirds of them respond-ed.. Their ropll,es were prompt,; court e ous and 1nformatlve. :r have e.ttempt ed to gather the renults ·ofthese questionnaires into ® rea,dable unit 60 a s to share this h"nQwledge with those who are inter­ ested in youth work.

According to Father Ta.rmcI', a'bo1,.lt threo-fourths of the dioc'Gses of the country have s.ome type of' youth program" Of the 113 dioceses, 96 of them hnve appointed Diocesan Youth Directors. Since the questionnaire reached more than two­ thirds of' these director,s , I feel thHt viith the compilation of those results .. some little advance has been t!mde along the statistical line. 98

QUESTIONNAIRE

'November 1; 1942

1", Do you have an organized Catholic Youth Organization?

Ye-s. • • • • • 46, No. • • . .•• 14 In proCeSS. 6

2 . How old is your oI"ganlz'ation .. Age.s ranged f rom Ii year'S to 20 yeRrs. Average age of organi­ zation was between 4: and 5 years.

;). l-lumber of Directors'

P~ie$ts .•..•.. . ..• 88 Lay .••.••..••' 58

4.. Nu,'1lb~r of' Assistant Directors? Priests.. . 66 Lay..,. • • • .. • . • • ,. 76

,5. Do you have full-time or pert .. time directors?

Full-t lIne .•• " ...... 48 Part-time ...•...•.• 91

6. Do you have paldor voluntary leadsrshlp1

Paid. tj ..... , ••• # ... k. 21 Voluntary~ .... •... • 36 Paid (Part-time}... S Paid and Voluntary. 5 99

"'·if It paid lenders oltiat. how are anlaries f1ntlneed?

1. CamJun1ty Cheat.~ .• , •.••• 2.. Catholio CV.JU>it l os Fund. ... 5 5.. Diocesl'..n Fund ...... ~ ...... 4 4.. 1fcmbarah1p F~HHh. ~, ...... 2 5. UlaoallQnoQns i4a"na...... 2 UAO VoluntaryCont1'1butlol'1l}., . 1 u.B.. , ~:ost of too work 15 dono on Q voluntary ba,s.is.

S_ A'1re leador's tr-c..tnod?

Ye.$'. jj .. " ......

110 .... ill fi . ' ~ 'It- ...... ~ ... •• 17

Sem1-trsined ... '. <0 • .. • 6

G. Ar(l proS-rsrlS and &ct1vities Q:r-gmll~ed en an ;Qq~l basis­ 'tot· 'bC7s and gll'ls1

~qual H31'd.s - 'Yes ••• " . .... " * ~. ..55 110 . ... to " .. .. • • 2 Stressed Bo:srt$ I, Activitxos...... 5 Stl"esstHl G11'18 tAct lv:lt1es. •• 1

1(). Is. ~otlr se t -up !~ral 0'1'" urbntl

Urb-orl ...... w, ...... ,.. .. "-04P..., Rux"'"sl ~ .... :4t ...... "1r 4; 'fltu.'nl and Urban . .. .. 19

11. If your Or:s&nizGti on dOEH~ not operate undbr the t.1tla .of Catnol!,c Youtu'l Organisation, pleas!) etut& the s pe,cit"le title .

1. Dioee.san Oatholle You.th CouncIl 2. C'atnQ11(} Youth Council 5.. CatholIc Youth Club 4 .. Diooesan Youth D0pg~tm.Gnt 5 .. e~thol:tc. Young Peopl·6 'a Club 6. Sodality t~on 7 . Don Bosco Club S. Achilles Club APPENDIX B 100

DIOCESAN YOUTH DIRECTORS ~- . I _ _, • October 14. 1942

AlbtiIrJ Rev .. Harold fi .. Hinds 21S6~ 10th 3t:t"oet, Troy, 1'1ew York Aleltandrin Rev. Paul E •. Conway 325 MeCer-nick Street , Bossier City, IOlll"tl

Altoona Rev .. Eugene E. Bradley 509 park Avenue, Johnston,. Jila.

Aruaril10 Rev.T. J . :0 rury 1110 Washington Street. Box 2009, Amarillo, TexQs Bglti":lore­ Rt. Hev. Louis C" Vaeth Wa shington Cathed.ral sud Franklin 8tre~ts , Baltimore, Md .. Belleville Rev. John!. Fournie 517 Walnut Stre·et ;, Mound 91by., Ill inois

Bismark Rev .. ~rohn E .. Garvin 214 First Stl'eet, S~E. I PlinGt, North Dakota B:)ise Rev . R. F. Rowe P . O.. Box 769,1 Boise, Idaho

Boeton Rev . George M. Dowd Chancery Office., Lake Stre{l!t " Brlg)'1ton, Mass .. Brooklyn Rev.. Chlolrlea E.. B1r minghanl 241 Atlantic Avenue , Brooklyn, neVI York

Buffalo Rev . Dr . L~o R. Smith 50 hal1klin Streett Buffalo, New York Burlington Rev .. T. H. Connor St. Peter Rectory, Rutland, Verillont Charleston Rt . Rev. Msgr. Jos-eph L .. O' Br ien 136 St. Philip street, Oharleston, South Carolina Cheyenne Rev. John Meyor 2105 Capitol AverJue , Cheyenne, oming

Oh,i e ago Rev . Harold Kenny 31 11ast C.ongl"ess Str,oet, Chicago. Il11nois Cincinnati Rev. Frederick G. IIochVlalt, Annunciation Church Resor and Clifton Avenues, Cincinnati, ,,)hio 101

CIQvolnnti Rev. In;f}GG R. Of13J:"'1.en lB4B5 Lake ShOxr6 Soul(;}v.I;.n~d.t" Cleveland" Ohio

Col U!1&lW S Rev. George 0 .. ibis-OIl 14~1

CO.noCardla Rev. CornelIus. J .. Bro-\.m f- .. o. I t13 , Concorditl. Knnsas Co:rpus. CrU'istl Rev .. Albert D. Gonnan. SlO Antelop~ Stl"'&at, Corpus Chl~1s t1, Texas

Oov1ngtotl Rav" Fret\(.n~ iell: G. B&:mb'ergel!' 1140 u'adislnl A'W-enu-e ~ Covington" llm;,tucky

DtUla& Rav. T~.s S .. Zt!clu1

DenV6-r- Rev.. f.kU'ry J • wogan. St. ,., Joa$ph Chu.reh~ Golden, Colorado as Uol..nes Re v .. Ds!"tJlolor1lcw Kane 1915 nrt1.'i;t~.rs1ty AvonuG . Des Uoin~$ J< lOw,

Do tro1t Rev.. J1t.iro14 J .. tiarkey 1254. Washington Bouleval'd,' Detr.o1t" lUch.1gan- Dubuque ilev .. Raymond P ... Duggan, Oath.olic Charities 1105 l..oc1J.st ~treet . _ Dubuque ¥ !Oti..a

Duluth Rev. 1~1 e~1 Hosan 211 Jill-st Fotu'"th str $et,. Dulllth" Minnesota

"l PllS,O Rev.. Davld J . Kil"een 251 Arizona Str,6?t .. 21 Pu s-o~ Tens ll:rie Rev. Walter J. conway aso West Tenth Street. 1e", Penns11vanifl

"" all R1 vel'" Rov .. .141~~~s .c; . Oleas-on 394 fI1gh,1 6\nd: Avenue, Fal-l R1v~r- .. Id·ss,gao!msotta

FSl'"g·f,) Rev .. Fl'tUlCis 'i~. Bemulhet>- tlnricn, South Dak(}t 'fi

'For-t Wayne RO'v . Joseph 3. UaMes

000'1 1'1o-rtb. ·~el.la St reet .. F')l~t. wa"!r:no l Il1dlQua GalvEl!lfton Rt .. Rev. 19'Ggr .. Dnniol P .. O' Oonnell Gatllodral; Galvaston, T.aX8S 102

Gallup Rev" Reynor Bartos, O.. .F .Y. Box ::;91,. Gallup, New {dex ieo

Grand Ra.pIds Rev. Jose;Jh 0 .. Walen 600 Burton Street, Gl'6no Rapids, Michigan

Great Falls Rev. Eldon B. Schuster 725 Third Avenua, Grea.t F,&lls , Montana Green 'Ba.y Rev. Theodore H. KIrsten st ~ Mary Parish, s tockb:r'idge , Wisconsin Harrisburg ReV , Lawrence Schott Box 5"72., Harr1 SDUX-g, T>erins,-l vani·a

Hartford Rev" George H. Grady 244 Main street, 1Iartford, Oonnecticut

I:!:1f'u an&j;}-()11 $ Rev. Ricbard Langen 1004 R. Pennsylvani;a. St., Indial1apol.ts, Ind.

Ka.nse.~ City nOV. 13 .. J . Hale 314// Broadway, Kansas C.ity, Mi s s ouri .' La Grosse Rev ~ Joseph F. l't:tndllnger 2322 SDuth Avonue _ La Cl"OS U'e, Wisconsin

LafaYette Rev.. Geo"ge :r. Bre.quet Breaus- Brid,ge" P . O. 00c11ia,. Loul~u;n'lna

Leavenworth Rev . H'.~r;;:ne.n J.. Koch 740 Srutwnee Avenue t Kansas C.i ty, KS.nsas

Lincoln Nov. George> J . Schuster 540 !kmth 18th street, Lincoln, rieer . Little Rock Rev . Stephen F .. .Jacklin ss., Cyril and t~e thQdi'Ua ChUl"'ch P. O .. stuttgart, Slov~ctQwn , Arl.:r.snaas

1..0$ Angel.e;g Rev. ... Jru::iB!'! E.. Dolan 922 S~uth Detroit Stre 6 t~ LOG Angeles_ Calif. Marquette Rov., John lUges ID:llerican :Martyrs Cbul·¢h. KingsfordI' 1:~l chige.n

Mil waukea Rav. Joeeph Hel~ 225 Eaat Michigan Street l Milwaukee , Wisconsin.

Mobile , Rev. ~heodore Flynn Bo~ 791" Bir-..ningha.:"'ll , AIQbama

Mont erey­ Very Rov .. I.lsgr. Ja::nes Dowling Fresno a5S Tlorador, l<-';resno , Ca11.fornla lO~ nashvill e Rev.. Edward Dolan Immaculate ConeeptlonChu1"'ch, Union Ci ty.#; 'l'enn ..

Natchez Rev.. Franc i s Quinn Natlvi ty Church, Biloxi" Missis·sippi

New:srk Very Rev .. ta sgr .. Ja~ e s A. UeHulty 31 fj1ulberry Str{Jet)' Ne:~'N,\l~)c" l,jew Jel"S€i7 new Orleans Rev. Pat.rick •."f .• Q.ulnn '124 C&..~p Street, New Or.leans Ii La . lifew York Rev. Harold S. Ruge. .l 35 East 51.st street,. New York., Xl . Y.

Ogdenburg Rav.. ~r3!u e a J,. Gaioot" Mad r ;l t .,. New York

O kl~lhQnUi C1ty- Rev. Franci E! E. Mc{ioldrick 'fulsa1521 UOr'tl1 Hudson street" Q1.\:lahor.!a:Clty, Okla.

0111aha Ro v .. fi'r,ann i & J . Btirt'a 2617 Slat Streot", Omena, Neb:t"aska

O'tl'ensboro !>-loccs-un Youth Director 61.~ Fr:eda l"' i e:a Street 1 owensboro, Ky.

Paterson f{e v.. John E. R€t"Jet.son., St " BarthoJ.el116W Reet ory P.o . BDK 105, ~afny$tte., tIew Jersey

P-eorla Rev. t~urr. ay V. Baas. 607 North Madlsen Street# PeQria$ Illinois

Phl1ttdel;phia Rev _~ .John G. Fallon 819 Arch Str;6et .. fhila.delphle. ., Pen.nayl vli'ftd.a Pittsburg Revlf. Alvin I .. Forne.y 1250 Liverpool Stree t, P1.ttsbu;J."g, :Fa. f'lttaourg Rev. John A.. Fiffick P. (;. Box 588 , Lyndol'ta." P~t1n$ylvania

PortlJll'...d Rev .. ~1 ohn E .. Larkin 3£61 S. 'S . Rex St'l'''eB t f ? ortltuld). Oregon

Provldenc.e n~v .. William fl" D.elilney 128 SQuth Main Street ,. Providence " Rhode Island

Raleigh aev t Thomas A .. Willi:81i15 Holy T:rln.lty Cht:u'enj llngston, N{):rth Carolin1l. 104

Reno Rev,. George L. smith St. Jos.eph Church, JUko , Nevada

Richmond Rev. Arthur J. Taylor 811 Floyd Avenue, RicPJtlOnd, Virginia

Rochester !ie'v 1> Joseph E. V'ogt 50 Chestnut stroet, Roe11esteF, flew York nockfDI'd Rev. Franc.is P . Mclhdly 707 Rockford Rati onal Bank Bldg ., Ro okford., Ill.

SaoI' a:.wnto Rev . Th0~~S A. Kl~by lO~7, 11th St.reet, Sscrtamento, Oaliforlll.a Sa.ginaw Rev . Thomns Vi ., Ryan 1515 South Washington Street" Saginaw, Ml c:..ll.

St. Cloud Rev .. Alo:ysiu.s .l.. Grucnes 316 seventh Avenue. St,.. Cloud, F,Unnesota St.. Joseph Rev . Joseph T. Bugler 519 IJorth Tenth Stre.ct, st. Jo.soph, rUss01rl!1 St. 'Louis Rev. Charles ? Maxwell 1009 South Sixth Street, St .. .Louis, lUssourl st. Feul R.ev .. Rudolph G. Bandas 251 Summit Avenue. St.. P 'n1;J.l~Minnesota Salt take Rev. Ch!U'1es E. Freegord 37 Wes t Second str'Oet, ~, gn . a , tTtah

SQn A...ntoni 0 Rev. Anthony Ma tula 110 Oc t avia Place, S€m AntoniO,. Texas San Franei·seo Rev . Eugene Shea 995 'Mar-kat Stl'et, San l!""raneiaco" C,allf ..

San Diego Vel',. Rev. Franc1s C. Ott 584 Fifth Avenue, San Bernad.ino, Calif.

Savann3h­ Very Rev • .J'a.:l6'S A. Grady Atlante. 222 East Harris Street;; Savannah, Georgia Scranton Rov. J ·oseph E" Kelly 401 Lind.en str.eot, Scranton" Pennsylvania,

!leattle Rev .. Edward. J. MeFad:den 611, 20th Street, South,. S$sttle, WaShington

Sioux ~ity Rev .. Paul J . lfagner Tr1.nity College" Sioux C1t-y , Iowa

Sioux Falls RBV .. Walte: p L. Roche Sti! MS.ry Chu~eh, Dell Rapids, South D:Elkota 105

Spokane R~v .. Oakley F .. o 'Connor 237 Bast Sev·enth Avenue, Spokane, Wa.shington Springfield Rev. James J. Hagerty, st. Joseph Horle Sout.h Sixth Stree.t ~ Hard ftoad, Springfield." Ill. Superior Rev. Leo Block 1201 Hugh! tt Avenue ~SU:ptl!'ior,t Wisconsin

SyraCUS-€l Rev . M. S.. "J)'Wyer 261 East Onondng.a s treet,. Sy:t."eeuse,. New YOFk ?oledo Rev .. Wl1l1mn Sullivan 2425 Cherry Street, Toledo~ Ohio

Trenton ne~..r . John Horan, st. Gabriel Rectory liol::-ade l P. ri _, !lew Jersey Tu.cson Rev . BerneI'd L .. Gordon 192 stone Avenue, Tucson, Arizona.

U};:rtmian Rev. Vladimir Andrushklw (Greek) 42 Van Buren street., Pass&i-o; Uew Jersey Wl1:.eeling Very Rev. BenJ&.min P .. Ferrell 13th and Byron Streets ~ ~1h.e el1r~g, Wes t Virginia Wilnd.ngton Roy . John J . Sheoly 13tH Delaware Avenue, Wilmington, Dele-ware

Winona Brother' Luke., Ubr.QJi'i.an st ... Mary Collego,. 1'Jinona, l~ innos(}tn 106

.3Lt;}LIOGtM.f'HY t .

'"nambers,. l'i. ;;1 ~ ) "":to'Uth S~n;'ving Organizations., fI :.t:i$rlcan

Council on Educ,at1.0n, W.nahlngt()Jl., D.. c. II 1 941 t p •.45

'This handbook Ls a descriptive 1nvantory of national gOllei"n:.dEmt agoncies ~erv1ng youth. Tl1.C f'lr,st part of the book eQllt~in3 tt tl'SllZ.il1tlry Prl.)­ View ll 0'1' t he ol"~i~at1on3 in th~ field ()f yonth serv1. a~, with a gener'sl eOt"~'1{mtp;;l"'Y1 eot'lt":lsra'tlve stlltistlcs e~.i con.s1d€rntions of b,lstorlcsl, lege.l,t administrat:t ve, and ?~ rGonnel eD13e.ctt..

'Part Two Is a descriptive dir'ectol'Y with s1gn1.:t"'1cttnt dat,a 0.1'1 3~JO youth -~ervlng ~genoies ot nation'Sl b~toon ... govQrnment~l ehB.raet Qt". POl~ ea.ch orgsmtat1c'n t!1c dnta aro pr"osOl"lted 'Ul"'1ucr tt.te following ha. nd'3~ msm'ber8h.1p ,t P'lxr-l)ose, €tct1v• :tt:te.c J p'J.bl1eetlons ~ sttlff, land fil1D.i1ees.. f.2h0 book also contains ste.tlstical tables, Qrganiza"" tion ch arta, nud tl blbliogl"!tr.lilY-

Ilowd. , Rf/\1'6.rer.,zt G001"O) ~ lt' The ~llt~el CbJ .e~ti¥e~ P!.. ti?-<1l

Catholic Y~~th Apoctolate .... . - ... " ~~- ,. ~-'----

,.n nddres5 given to the cratholie YO-uth O r1;arr!- . ~ a tl on . Ju·ehd%.oc.esEt of "&:. ston; 1941.

Gotro" H'oman .• , "'ociat '.Mcrvement. SPrQllds Thrm... 1f;b.

Canada, 1I PJll1.n'l (Ul~ ri.&W Thrk, Th,a l~e rS.ca preas, I!' . 9 ... July 1,1%9,. 41:2€B-2,s9

Ha.yes it Cardi nal,. The Catb.o~ic Churi t le,s Review, l;ew York ~ ~.. ,_to . .. -, . ±J!!fj . :.ebruary., 193 2Q; ·1'1 .. ·:1:a

jf.~QCh dfll ty.cr~(1 at th~ i.tl&UmwntS-sn of' he C~~t;1'I,...o.L'1e-Yot~en J:isnocist-... on rn'""C~ne H "'~.a.- dioce3~ of Ue'tl York " 10'7

J'ohnS-otl, Rt-. Rev.. Msgr. Oe.orge" ph. D.. , ~ lI.eeaBt_.....-.. of Yout..'1,_.__

f:j,ahingtnn. l.l. C.. ~ llat1ons.l Catholic ~-elfDro Cofiferenc$,

1959, p .. 1'!Z'.

LyOM .. 'R$v. men, ()f\~"'J! .. .# S.T.. , D.. nStat1st1ee.l Surve-r

o.f tho C8.tholf.c Youth :;'I:over.rent in the United Stat.es, U

'Too Franci s-can EdUc.stioIUll Conf'el~nee, Bro-okland. ~ ~.. . • • \I ~ ~;ziW/!$: •• f - I! J Q - ; - -

Washingt()-l1# D. C.. ;: Capuchin Col1ega It publ! shar, 19S0, 20 s 29-56 ..

",";oGuire" Paul~ "lteh1&ved of Catholi c, Action, t't ~a

Commonweal ~ N York f The Commopwaal pUblishing Co. ~ 1_. . - ......

1 9.e~, 2B 1Ml ~

OblmtUln, flov .. Rnlpll, O. 1". M.) tiThe Youth Uovemont--A world.

Movement" ri The FrsnQ:l soen Educational Canfel"enca " ~ . . _ ,., I!" t " t. _ "" . ~, v " • ....

BroOkland, 1ashillgton j D. G.!t CnpuClliD 001106<9, pub- l1ahor" 10.50, 20: 56

Sci.lr-saha, 1~ Oat '{ev ...losaph 1. onosSflit$< to the Cathl)11c YOl.lth

Orgnnleat1.oD:J" '''- __ ~ ____ &l11et1n, Glevel-a.nd¥ .. ... q ~

esm~l:! 16, 1938.

anne.-'P# Rev .. Ptlul. he p()tffidat1on of th~ Csthol1.e "lOlltch

OYgi!.n.~~.a.t1on) GU'! Stl?:..~.I Vlplt~~~ nunt1neton, Ind. >

O.ctob~r 29. 19SQ ~ 103

~ltnsl(')w" W. Thaehol:", IlYouth: J.1 1fforld Problom, ff United

st.a~E?~~ GoverI'lJ'llent B"\lll'etln .. United States Gov6rmnent

Printing Of'fice, 1~371 p. 15.

Ap.nu~l~apo:x:~ * Oatholic Youth organl1&stion, Arel'ldiocf:HH) o.f

New York~ 1941.

UFacts on the C.Y.O,. of t.he Archdiocese ot Boston, n Eoston

Sundf!1. A~v.er~:t$er, June 28 , 194-2 ... l?actn on the Cathollc Youth Organiza.tion of the Archdiocese ~_t _"""'-I ...... ~ .. !!> "'~_~. -,

o~ Chicago, Educa.tion Office of the C.Y.O., Chieago ~ 1942.

The G~ow~_ 2!. ~ C. y .O. of, the Archdiocese of Ol1i~a§o,

Catholic Youth O~"gani~etion , Chicago, 1930

ffThe J . O .. C. novement~, n ~The NationalA I . . Catholic_ • - .:...Almanac.._ . ____ " Patercon, new Jorsey, st. Anthony Guild ?resB, 1941, 'Y-48... 352.

"The N.C.- W. O. and youth, 'ff The N'8tional Catholic Almanac, , _- l " \ Pater-son, New Jersey. st. Anthony Guild Press, 1941, 340-348.

rtyouth f s l"l,'oblems, tI Th6 llationa.... l CatholiC Almanac" Pat erson •

~{e\'; JE}.rsoy, St,. Anthony Cuild pres $1I 1941:1 338 ... 340. 109

I am indebted to R.e verond Peul Tanner, Director of the Youth Bur-ea:u~ Washington, D. G. 'I for the material used in this thesis ·on pages 15.... 20.

The National Cstholic Allnnnac f¢r 1941 and the

Report of the Franciscan Educational Conference,. 1938, supplied most of the details found in Chapters One ,. Two,

~ nd Three .

The nc'counts of the various act i vi ties of the Chic ago C.Y.O .... Chapter Four , the Boston C.Y.O. - Chapter Five, and the I-Jew Yor k C. Y. O. - Chapter Six, are quoted from t he pnrophlets published by th~ C.Y.O. Organizations in these cjttes.