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Abstracts 2005.Pdf The material is based upon work supported by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation No. DMR 0120967. All rights reserved. No part of the Review may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Printed in the United States at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA Inquires should be addressed to: Center on Materials and Devices for Information Technology Research Educational Partnership Programs University of Washington Department of Chemistry Box 351700 Seattle, WA 98195-1700 [email protected] http://stc-mditr.org Volume 2, Number 1 Welcome to the Second Edition of CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Research This volume of the Reviews features extended abstracts of students who participated in the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center on Materials and Devices in Information Technology Research (CMDITR) Summer 2005 Research Experiences for Undergradu- ates (REU) program. The REU experience often acts as a launching point or catalyst for entry by undergraduates into technical fields of study. The REU experience is symbiotic in nature as it supports not only the undergraduate participant who experiences research first-hand prior to com- mitting to graduate study, but also the students mentors, be they faculty members, research scientists, post-doctoral fellows, or graduate students. While working with REU students graduate students and post-doctoral fellows learn teaching and mentoring skills needed to manage labs they will be responsible for in the future. Faculty members and other researchers, who share their expertise with these enthusiastic learners, also benefit as they reflect on the excitement upon which their careers have been built. The CMDITR REU Summer Program placed undergraduate students from across the United States in CMDITR state-of-the-art research labs at the University of Washington, University of Arizona and Georgia Institute of Technology. The 2005 program expanded on the previous year’s program with a doubling of the number of undergraduates to 32 participants. Several of these undergraduates in the 2005 program were part of a new, collaborative exchange program between Norfolk State University and Georgia Tech. All of these undergraduates worked on authentic interdisciplinary research contributing to advancements in information technology with researchers in the fields of chemistry, physics, optics, materials science and engineering. The REU Program emphasized the teamwork nature of sci- entific research and was supplemented by a collection of activities including ethics training and workshops in scientific communication. The role of the Review is to offer a forum for participants involved in the CMDITR REU to share their research with their REU peers, future REU students, CMDITR graduates students and faculty members, and others interested in the work of CMDITR. The Review is also a forum that depicts the breadth and depth of CMDITR research. To learn more about the CMDITR REU program and opportunities please visit http://stc-mditr.org/REU. A special thanks to all the REU participants for their work, their mentors for their time and patience, and the REU program coordina- tors (Maggie Harden, Olanda Davidson Bryant, and Kristin Wustholz) for their efforts to make the program successful. The extended abstracts included in the Review are presented in alphabetical order by the participant’s last name. Sara Selfe, Ph.D., Editor TABLE OF CONTENTS Synthesis of Dendrimer Building Blocks with Crosslinkable Moieties 7 KATHY L. BECKNER, University of Kentucky Contact Angle Measurements on Diamond Surfaces for a Study on Hydrophobic Forces 9 ARIEL BEDFORD, Florida A&M University Barium Titanate Doped Sol-Gel for Electro-Optic Devices 13 DENIZ CIVAY, University of Washington Synthesis of Norbornene Monomer of PPV-C60 dyads (TDC-I-056) 17 TAÍNA D. CLEVELAND, Georgia Institute of Technology Development of Efficient Two-Photon Radical Initiators and Low Shrinkage Materials 21 AMANDA COOPER, Georgia Institute of Technology Synthesis of Nonlinear Optical-Active Materials 25 DAN DARANCIANG, Washington University in St. Louis Behavioral Properties of Colloidal Crystals at and Around Thermally Induced Defect Sites 29 MALLORY DAVIDSON, University of Washington Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticle Composits 31 KRYSTLE L. DZIENIS, Pennsylvania State University Electro-Optic Properties of Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials in Fabry-Perot Modulators 35 BRENDA EBY, University of Idaho Quantized Hamilton Dynamics Applied to Condensed Phase Spin-Relaxation 39 STEPHEN T. EDWARDS, Harvey Mudd College Investigating New Cladding and Core Materials for Hybrid Electro-optic Modulators 45 PARISSA FATHALIPOUR, University of Arizona Synthesis of TPD-Based Compounds for Use in Modification of ITO Surfaces and Metal Nanoparticles 49 AARON D. FINKE, University of Arizona Optimizing Hybrid Waveguides 53 ANDREW GARDNER, Highline Community College Synthesis and Analysis of Thiol-Stabilized Nanoparticles 57 EDDIE HOWELL, Norfolk State University Quinoxaline-Containing Polyfluorenes: Enhanced Blue Electroluminescence by Addition of a Hole Blocking Layer 61 KELLI A. IRVIN, Montana State University Synthesis of Dendron-Functionalized Chromophores: An Approach to Supramolecular Assembly for Electro-optic Applications 67 ZERUBBA LEVI, Gonzaga University 4 CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Research Vol. 2 No. 1 Summer 2005 Building an Optical Oximeter to Measure the Oxygen Content of Blood Non-invasively 71 JOANN LIN, University of Washington Moisture Uptake of Thin Polymer Films 75 EPHRIAM LUCAS, Georgia Institute of Technology Toward Molecular Resolution c-AFM with Carbon Nanotube Tips: Development of Carbon Nanotube Growth Techniques 77 AUSTIN MCLEOD, Northern Arizona University Synthesis and Characterization of Extended Squaraine Compounds 81 TEHETENA MESGANAW, Georgia Institute of Technology Enhanced Heat Dissipation Substrates for Organic Semiconductor Devices 83 AARON MONTGOMERY, University of Virginia 1,1-Diphenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrakis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)silole Properties in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Organic-Field Effect Transistors 85 SARAH MONTGOMERY, Purdue University Effects of Surface Chemistry on Cadmium Selenide Nanocrystal Fluorescence 89 MARSHA S. NG, University of Hawaii Synthesis of a Polyene EO Chromophore Using a Diels-Alder Reaction to Form a Side-Chain Structure 95 DENIS NOTHERN, Cornell University Spectroscopic Investigations of Chromophores in Dyed Salt Crystals 99 STACY A. OLIPHANT, Edmonds Community College Characterization of the Molecular Parameters Determining Charge-Transport in a Series of Substituted Oligoacenes 103 ROBERT SNOEBERGER, University of Washington Optimization of Semiconductor Nanoparticle Synthesis and Integration into Sol-Gel Monoliths 107 CINDY TAYLOR, University of Arizona Characterization of the Photodecomposition of the CF3-FTC Chromophore 111 JILLIAN THAYER, Olympic College Electroluminescent Properties of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) with 2,5-Bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-1,1,3,4-tetraphenylsilole 115 EVANS THOMPSON, Georgia Institute of Technology Determination of Molecular Orientation of Self-Organized Aggregates of New Liquid-Crystal Perylene Dye 119 NATALIE THOMPSON, Georgia Institute of Technology Hydrogel Materials for Two-photon Microfabrication 123 MAYEN UDOETUK, Norfolk State University The Design of a Fluid Delivery System for Micro-Core Optical Fiber 127 GREG WINCHELL, Everett Community College CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Research Vol. 2 No. 1 Summer 2005 5 6 CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Research Vol. 2 No. 1 Summer 2005 Synthesis of Dendrimer Building Blocks with Crosslinkable Moieties Kathy L. Beckner Dominic V. McGrath and David Sisk University of Kentucky McGrath Lab, Department of Chemistry The University of Arizona INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dendrimers have been employed in various applications pri- In this project, several synthetic routes to prepare insulat- marily because of their ability to insulate materials and display ing and cross-linking dendrimers were explored. The synthe- functional groups.1 Dendritic encapsulation of chromophores has sis of two types of dendrons were attempted: 3,5-di-tert-butyl been shown to enhance optical and electronic properties, while dendrons and ester cinnamate dendrons. Two different methods peripheral functional groups can be used for further reactivity.2 were explored in the synthesis of 3,5-tert-butyl dendrons, while Potential applications for dendrimers include organic light emit- an effective synthetic route was established for ester cinnamate ting devices, light harvesting and potentially drug delivery or dendrons by employing a pentyl group. gene therapy.3 Dendritic cross-linking of peripheral functional The synthesis of the 3,5-di-tert-butyl dendrons was per- groups can enhance dendrimer-based insulation,4 create stable formed using previously published procedures (Scheme 1).7 The dendrimer films,5 or generate dendritic nanocapsules.6 In organic original synthesis produced the 3,5-di-tert-butyl 4–methoxyben- electronic devices, films are prepared by spin-casting, a process zyloxy terminated dendrons using a four step series of reactions that requires the polymers to be soluble. However, in order to that was performed without purification until the final product cast another layer over the previous one,
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