A REPORT ON STATUS OF EDUCATION I TRIBAL AREAS OF MAD VA PRADESH BV n. AHANLILLfW JOINT DIRECTOR M.P, TRIBAL RESEARCH AND BEU. INSTITUTE BHOPAL NIEPA DC D11629 .P. TRIBAL RESEARCH AND DEUELOPMENT INSTITUTE BHOPAL Feb' 4«tfnAKY & wuuyfy^iiNiAMOM iAmm- iVatioca! Institute of Hdueatioaai Planning nnd Aiicoinj*tration. 17-B, bn A.twobii\iio Mar|, New W h , - ™ 3 ) _ | 1 4 2 .^ DOC, No -......... n«t*__________ • FORE WOR^. The sctieme of * *Universalisation of Elementry EdU-cation* launcHed by the Govt, of India with the help of Europian cayjiwiunCtTes have envisaged a District Primary Education Programme in Madhya Pradesh. In this state this project is being implement^, in 29 districts in which 5 educationally backward tribal predominant districts have also been included. In the tribal areas of the state the main responsibility of imparting education has been entrusted to the scheduled tribes, scheduled castes and Backward classes Welfare Department. As a pre-requisite of the project DPEP, a status report on tribal education had to be prepared. According to the instructions ibf the state Govt, in Scheduled tribes , Scheduled castes and Backward classes V.'elfare Department the then Director of Tribal Research Institute Shri M.M. Dahima, lASj was nominated as the Nodal Officer for preparation of this report, who in his turn assigned this iiask to Shri M. Amanullah. Senior Joint Director and Anthropologist of the Institute. Accordingly the status report has been prepared by the State Tribal Research & Developr.ient Institute, Bhopal as desired by the NCERT, New Delhi. The information and the data included in the report was collected from the statistical information and the plan documents of School Education Department as veil as Tribal Weli'-re Department and from the information collected by the data-bank: section of the Institute* The report throws light on various aspects of status of education in tribal areas of the state. I hope the report w ill prove useful to the planners, administrators and the financers of the DPEP Project. I would express my thanks to Shri M. Amanullah, Joint Director who has prepared this report within the prescribed time frame. I am also grateful to Dr* C.J. Daswani, Professor and Head of Department of SC and ST education, NCERT, New Delhi for extending his kind co-operation in the preparation of the report. Bhopal, Dated : The 2lst Feb. 1S94. ( K- OEVGiiN ) f,As Direc tor, Tribal Research Institute, Bhopal (M*P*) INDEX S.No. Particulars Page No. FOREWORD 1. CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION TRIBAL AREA & TRIBAL PEOPLE OF M.P 1. T r i b a l Sc e n e 8 2. The G o nds 14 3. The Bhils 16 4. The Bhilalas 16 5. The H a l b a s 17 6. T h e Mar i a s 17 7. The M u r i a 18 8. The Bhainas 19 9. The Bhatras 19 10. The Bharias 20 11. The B a i g a s 20 A n n e x u r e - I Districtwise Tribal Population 22 Annexure - II Tribewise population and Distribution 24 2. CHAPTER - II STATUS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN M.P. 28 1. School Education Department 28 2. Tribe SC/BC Welfare Deptt. 28 - 2 - S.No. Particulars Page No. 3. Local Bodies and Private Agencies 29 4. N o n F o r m a l E d u c a t i o n 30 5. State of Education in M.P. 32 (Basic Information) 6. State of Education in the 42 Scheduled Tribes of M.P. 7. State of Education among the 49 tribal women. 8. Problems and prospects 60 9. The new approach of primary 76 E d u c a t i o n . A n n e x u r e - I Districtwise Gross enrolment ratio. 78 Annexure - II Districtwise Literacy Rate of M.P. 80 Annexure-III General Literacy Rate. 81 Annexure-IV Regionwise Sch.Tribe population 83 vis-a-vis Literacy Ratio. A n n e x u r e - V Regional Tribal Literacy 84 Annexure-VI Tribalwise population and Literacy 86 Annexure-VII Scheduled Tribewise Distribution 88 of literacy percentage. - 3 - S.No. Particulars Page No. Annexure-VIII Districtwise rural urban distribution 89 of Sch. Tribe population percentage of L i t e r a c y . Annexure-IX Tribewise women literacy 9 2 A n n e x u r e - X Tribewise Literacy in Decending order 9 4 Annexure~XI Decadal Growth of Literacy in the State. 96 Annexure No.XI-A Decadal growth of Literacy in Tribal 98 D i s t r i c t . A n n e x u r e - XII Tribal Districtwise Literacy in 9 9 Decending Order. Annexure - XIII Districtwise Literacy in Decending order 100 Annexure - XIV Tribal Dialect Spoken in M.P. 102 A n n e x u r e - XV Tribal Dialect Spoken by more than 103 50,000 tribal people. - 4 - S.No. Particulars Page No. 3. CHAPTER - III STUDIES CONDUCTED ON TRIBAL EDUCATION 10 4 1. Westage and stagnation in 105 Manendragarh T.D. Block. 2. Educational Attitude of Tribal 108 S t u d e n t s . 3. Attitude of Tribal Women in 111 Jhabua District. 4. Attitude of Tribal Women in 111 Bastar District. 5. Educational life style of 112 Tribal Student. 4. CHAPTER - IV PLAN PROPOSALS FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR TRIBAL AREA. 1. Education in Tribal Area 113 2. Education 114 3. Achievement of Seventh Plan - 120 School Education Programme for Tribal Areas. 4. V I I I - P L A N 125 (School Education Department) 5. VIII - PLAN and Annual Plan 1994-95 129 of Tribal Welfare Department. A n n e x u r e - I Approved outlay Budgetted outlay and 141 expenditure During-VIIIth Plan period. - 5 - S .No. Particulars Page No Annexure-II Physical Target & Achievement during 143 the Seventh Plan. A n n e x u r e - III Progress of Expenditure during the 144 Annual Plan 93-94 and proposed outlay for the Annual Plan 1994-95. Annexure-IV Physical Target and Achievement 147 A n n e x u r e - V Budget allocation & Expenditure 148 School Education. Annexure-VI P la n 149 Annexure-VII Table Shown VIII Plan outlay, 150 Annual Plan 93-94 and Annual Plan 94-95 Annexure-VIII Centrally Sponsored Scheme 152 5. CHAPTER - V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 15 4 CHARTS 1. T r i b a l C u l t u r e Zone 159 2. Distribution of SC/ST Population 160 in the State and Project District. 3. Decadal Growth in Literacy(%) 161 - 6 - S.No. Particulars Page No. 4. Primary Schools in M.P. is2 5. Education Administration in 163 Tribal Areas. 6. Scheduled Tribe Communities 164 Having largest population in M.P. * *★* CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION - TRIBAL AREA & TRIBAL PEOPLE OF M.P Madhya Pradesh lying between 17.60’ and 26.52' North latitudes and 74.55 ^and 84.23 ° East longitudes, as its name indicates the State is located in the heart of India surrounded by seven states viz. Bihar, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Present state of Madhya Pradesh was re-organised in November 1956 by merging the erstwhile states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, fourteen (Mahakoshal) districts of old Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal and Sironj sub-division of Kota Distt. of Rajasthan. M.P. is watershed for hundreds of rivers that flow out of the state in all directions - feeding the Ganga and the Yamuna in the North, the Narmada and Tapti flowing westward to the Arabian Sea, and the Wardha, Venganga and Mahanadi flowing North and East towards the Bay of Bengal. The catchment areas of these drainage systems indicate that Madhya Pradesh has to play a vital role in the development of India. The State lies mainly on the table land of Central India. To the North, it is bounded by the Upper Gangetic valley. The Plateau continues into the State of Andhra Pradesh to the South, and Orissa to the East. The arid tracts of Rajasthan lie to the West.- In such a watershed area, the ranges of low mountains intersected by river valleys break up the state into regions between which communication is not well developed. - 2 - The topography of M.P. is characterised by low hills, marrow valleys, plateaus and plains. The general elevation varies from 10 0 meters to over 1200 meters above MSL. The Doopgarh peak (1350 meters) near Pachmari is the highest point. The main hill ranges are Vindhyas, Satpura, Mahadev, Bhandar, Panna, Kymore, Maikal, Mainpat, Samaraipat and the Bastar Hills. The state could be broadly divided into seven district physical regions, viz; Northern low lying planes, covering part of Gwalior, Bhind and Morena districts extended into Bundelkhand and Kymore Hills of Baghelkhand region. The Malwa and Vindhian Plateau covers tableland of Malwa, north of Narmada valley and south of Bundelkhand. It spreads from Malwa plateau in the East of Maikal and Korea hills of Satpura ranges in the east. Narmada valey covers the state between the Vindhyas in the north and the Satpuras in the south. The Satpura stretch covers East Nimar, Seoni, Mandla, Bilaspur and Surguja districts. Chottanagpur plateau covers the northern portions of Raigarh district and north and north eastern portions of Surguja district. Chhatisgarh plains extend along the erastern face of satpura range north of Bastar Hills. Bastar Plateau covers the areas of South B a s t a r . The main valleys of the Narmada and the Sone run diagonally across the state.