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Gleba Źródłem Życia Soil – Source of Life 30. KONGRES POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA GLEBOZNAWCZEGO 30TH CONGRESS OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF POLAND Gleba źródłem życia Soil – source of life Przewodnik terenowy Excursion guide 30. KONGRES POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA GLEBOZNAWCZEGO 30TH CONGRESS OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF POLAND Gleba źródłem życia Soil – source of life Przewodnik terenowy Excursion guide Lublin 2019 REDAKCJA Piotr Bartmiński, Jacek Chodorowski, Jerzy Rejman, Halina Smal, Bożena Smreczak AUTORZY ZDJĘĆ NA OKŁADKĘ 1 - ©andreusK - stock.adobe.com, 2, 3, 4 - J. Chodorowski, 5 - M. Górski Uniwerystet Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie Zamieszczone teksty nie były recenzowane, odpowiedzialność za treść merytoryczną ponoszą ich autorzy. Included materials were not peer-revieved; the responsibility of scientific value lies on their authors. © Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie ISBN 978-83-7562-311-6 Tłumaczenie na język angielski SPEKTRA sp. z o.o. Skład, druk, oprawa: Wydawnictwo POLIHYMNIA Sp. z o.o. ul. Deszczowa 19, 20-832 Lublin, tel./fax 81 746-97-17 e-mail: [email protected] www.polihymnia.pl, www.ebooki.pl 30. KONGRES POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA GLEBOZNAWCZEGO 30TH CONGRESS OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF POLAND 30. KONGRES POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA GLEBOZNAWCZEGO 30TH CONGRESS OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF POLAND Gleba źródłem życia Soil – source of life Lublin, 2-7 września 2019 r. Lublin, 2-7 September 2019 KOMITET HONOROWY Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Michałowski – J.M. Rektor UMCS w Lublinie| Prof. dr hab., dr h.c. multi Zygmunt Litwińczuk – J.M. Rektor UP w Lublinie Prof. dr hab. Cezary Sławiński – Dyrektor IA PAN Prof. dr hab. Wiesław Oleszek – Dyrektor IUNG-PIB w Puławach Mgr Andrzej Tittenbrun – Dyrektor Roztoczańskiego Parku Narodowego Mgr Jarosław Szymański – Dyrektor Poleskiego Parku Narodowego KOMITET ORGANIZACYJNY Prof. dr hab. Ryszard Dębicki - Przewodniczący Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Zagórski - Vice Przewodniczący Prof. dr hab. Halina Smal - Vice Przewodnicząca Dr hab. Jerzy Rejman, prof. IAPAN - Vice Przewodniczący Dr hab. Bożena Smreczak - Vice Przewodnicząca Dr hab. Jacek Chodorowski - Vice Przewodniczący Dr Piotr Bartmiński – Sekretarz Dr hab. Andrzej Plak – Skarbnik Dr hab. Łukasz Uzarowicz - Członek KOMITET NAUKOWY Prof. dr hab. Ryszard Dębicki, prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Zagórski, Prof. dr hab. Radosław Dobrowolski, prof. dr hab. Halina Smal, Prof. dr hab. Artur Zdunek, dr hab. inż. Grzegorz Siebielec, Dr hab. Andrzej Greinert, prof. UZ, prof. dr hab. Jan Kucharski, Prof. dr hab. Ewa Spychaj-Fabisiak, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Bieganowski, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Mocek, prof. dr hab. Janina Kaniuczak, prof. dr hab. Piotr Gruba, prof. dr hab. Anna Karczewska, prof. dr hab. Cezary Kabała, dr hab. Michał Jankowski, prof. UMK, prof. dr hab. Józef Chojnicki, dr hab. Marek Drewnik, dr hab. Tomasz Zaleski, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Łachacz, prof. dr hab. Wojciech Owczarzak, dr hab. Edward Meller, prof. ZUT, prof. dr hab. Jacek Długosz, prof. dr hab. Jolanta Komisarek 6 HONORARY COMMITTE Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Michałowski – Rector of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin Prof. dr hab., dr h.c. multi Zygmunt Litwińczuk – Rector of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin Prof. dr hab. Cezary Sławiński – President of Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Prof. dr hab. Wiesław Oleszek – President of Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy Mgr Andrzej Tittenbrun – Director of Roztocze National Park Mgr Jarosław Szymański – Director of Polesie National Park ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Prof. dr hab. Ryszard Dębicki - Chairman Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Zagórski - Vice Chairman Prof. dr hab. Halina Smal - Vice Chairman Dr hab. Jerzy Rejman, prof. IAPAN - Vice Chairman Dr hab Bożena Smreczak - Vice Chairman Dr hab. Jacek Chodorowski - Vice Chairman Dr Piotr Bartmiński – Secretary Dr hab. Andrzej Plak – Treasurer Dr hab. Łukasz Uzarowicz - Member SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. dr hab. Ryszard Dębicki, prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Zagórski, Prof. dr hab. Radosław Dobrowolski, prof. dr hab. Halina Smal, Prof. dr hab. Artur Zdunek, dr hab. inż. Grzegorz Siebielec, Dr hab. Andrzej Greinert, prof. UZ, prof. dr hab. Jan Kucharski, Prof. dr hab. Ewa Spychaj-Fabisiak, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Bieganowski, Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Mocek, prof. dr hab. Janina Kaniuczak, Prof. dr hab. Piotr Gruba, prof. dr hab. Anna Karczewska, Prof. dr hab. Cezary Kabała, dr hab. Michał Jankowski, prof. UMK, Prof. dr hab. Józef Chojnicki, dr hab. Marek Drewnik, Dr hab. Tomasz Zaleski, prof. dr hab. Andrzej Łachacz, Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Owczarzak, dr hab. Edward Meller, prof. ZUT, Prof. dr hab. Jacek Długosz, prof. dr hab. Jolanta Komisarek 7 TRASA A ROUTE A LUBLIN-BOCHOTNICA-GÓRA LUBLIN-BOCHOTNICA-GÓRA PUŁAWSKA-WOJSZYN- PUŁAWSKA-WOJSZYN- PUŁAWY-LUBLIN PUŁAWY-LUBLIN ŚRODOWISKO PRZYRODNICZE THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT I UWARUNKOWANIA AND CONDITIONS FOR DLA ROLNICTWA PÓŁNOCNO- AGRICULTURE AT THE NORTH- -ZACHODNIEGO SKRAJU -WESTERN EDGE OF THE WYŻYNY LUBELSKIEJ LUBLIN UPLAND 10 ŚRODOWISKO GEOGRAFICZNE THE GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT PÓŁNOCNO-ZACHODNIEGO SKRAJU OF THE NORTH-WESTERN EDGE OF WYŻYNY LUBELSKIEJ THE LUBLIN UPLAND Jan Rodzik, Wojciech Zgłobicki Jan Rodzik, Wojciech Zgłobicki Wydział Nauk o Ziemi i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Uniwersytet Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Aleja Kraśnicka 2 cd, 20-718 Lublin in Lublin , Aleja Kraśnicka 2 cd, 20-718 Lublin CECHY KRAJOBRAZU FEATURES OF THE VISTULA VALLEY DOLINY WISŁY LANDSCAPE Północno-zachodni skraj Wyżyny Lubelskiej The north-western outskirts of the Lublin Up- stanowią fragmenty dwóch jej mezoregionów: za- land are fragments of two of its mesoregions: the west- chodnia część Płaskowyżu Nałęczowskiego oraz ern part of the Nałęczowski Plateau (pol. Płaskowyż północny, najwęższy i najmłodszy odcinek Małopol- Nałęczowski) and the northern, the narrowest and the skiego Przełomu Wisły, od linii Podgórz-Janowiec youngest section of the Lesser Polish Gorge of the Vis- do linii Góra Puławska-Puławy. Dawna dolina Wisły tula river (pol. Małopolski Przełom Wisły), from the przebiegała tu na zachód od Janowca, po czym skrę- line of Podgórz-Janowiec to Góra Puławska-Puławy. cała na wschód, okrążając teren obecnych Puław, by The former valley of the Vistula River ran here west dalej kierować się ku NW. Jednak ponad 200 tys. lat of Janowiec, and then turned east, circling the area of temu, po ostatnim zasypaniu starej doliny podczas present town of Puławy, to continue towards the NW glacjału odrzańskiego, najstarszego ze zlodowaceń direction. However, over 200,000 years ago, when the środkowopolskich, rzeka utworzyła na tym odcinku old valley was covered up for the last time during the nową dolinę o obecnym przebiegu. Dno erozyjne ko- Odranian Glaciation, the oldest of the Mid-Polish gla- palnej doliny leży 20-30 m niżej od erozyjnego dna ciations, a new valley having the same course nowa- doliny współczesnej na tym odcinku (Maruszczak days created by the river in this section. The erosive 1972; Pożaryski i in. 1994). bottom of the fossil valley lies 20-30 m below the Kopalna i współczesna dolina Wisły oraz do- erosive bottom of the modern valley in this section liny jej dopływów rozcinają podłoże skalne, które (Maruszczak 1972, Pożaryski et al., 1994). stanowi kompleks górnokredowych skał krzemion- The fossil and present-day valley of the Vis- kowo-węglanowych (głównie opoki i margle), zwień- tula River and the valleys of its tributaries cut the czony paleoceńską serią tzw. siwaka (gezy z socze- bedrock, which is a complex of Upper Cretaceous wami wapieni). Kontakt między nimi, dokumentujący siliceous-carbonate rocks (mainly spongolites and przełom er mezozoicznej i kenozoicznej, widoczny marls), crowned with the Paleocene series of the so- jest w kamieniołomie na lewym zboczu doliny Wi- called ‘siwak’ (sandy spongolite with limestone in- sły w Nasiłowie oraz po stronie przeciwnej, w kil- serts). The contact between them, documenting the ku małych łomach w Bochotnicy. W jednym z nich turn of the Mesozoic and Cainozoic eras, is visible utworzono stanowisko dokumentacyjne „Ścianka Po- in the quarry on the left slope of the Vistula valley żaryskich”. Miejscami, na zboczach dolin rzecznych, in Nasiłów and on the opposite side, in several small skały podłoża odsłaniają się na powierzchni, zwykle quarries in Bochotnica. A documentary site called jednak przykryte są utworami glacigenicznymi i/lub “Ścianka Pożaryskich” was created in one of them. In pokrywą lessową (Maruszczak 1972; Pożaryski i in. places, on the slopes of river valleys, substrate rocks 1994). are exposed on the surface, but usually they are cov- Współczesna dolina Wisły w najmłodszym od- ered with glacigenous formations and/or loess cover cinku przełomowym zwęża się do szerokości zaled- (Maruszczak 1972, Pożaryski et al., 1994). wie 900 m, z czego aż połowę zajmuje koryto rzecz- The present-day valley of the Vistula River narrows ne z tendencją do roztokowania, obecnie częściowo to a width of only 900 m in the youngest breakthrough uregulowane. Współczesne dno poza korytem zaj- section, half of which is covered by a riverbed with a ten- mują głównie madowe terasy holoceńskie: zalewowa dency to form eyots, now partially regulated. The con- oraz powodziowa o wysokości odpowiednio 1,0-2,5 temporary bottom outside the riverbed is occupied mainly i 2,5-3,0 m ponad średni poziom wody w rzece. Te- by the mud Holocene terraces: alluvial and flood terraces rasa powodziowa
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