1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE .7885

· 1\Ir. CURTIS. Is it a unanimous repor t ? SIGNAL CORPS Mr. FLETCHER. It is u unanimous report. It is perfectly David Barbour Barton to be first lieutenant. just. There is no dispute about the fault being entirely on the part of the Coast Guard boat. POSTMASTERS The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Florida asks ALASKA unanimous consent for the present consideration of a bill the L.illian It. White, Kodiak. title of which will be read by the Secretar.r. COLORADO The CHIEF . CLERK. A bill ( S. 444) for the relief of H. C. Walter P. Merrill, Brighton. Magoon. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present ILLINOIS consideration of the bill? Louis C. Schultz, Chebanse. There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Charles E. Hartman, 1\Iount Carroll. Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which had been reported Willis D. CofHand, Seaton. from the Committee on Claims with an amendment, on page 1, Burnham M. Martin, Watseka. line 6, after the words " sum of," to strike out " $3,478.39 " and John F. Shimkus, Westville. insert" $2,500," so as to make the bill read: INDIANA Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary o! the Treasury be, and he is Harold P. Willoughby, Spencer. hereby, authorized and directea to pay to H. C. Magoon, out of any KANSAS money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $2,500 in full settlement for damages sustained on account of the Coast Guard Charles E. Schul, Grenola. cutter AB-19 backing into tiis yacht Ornway A-655 while tied up at Alice M. McLavy, Morganville. Baylen Street Wharf; Pensacola, Fla., May 27, 1924. Edgar F .. Brungardt, Victoria. The amendment was agreed to. . LOUISIANA The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the George W. Taylor, Franklin. amendment was concurred in. Elson A. Delaune, Lockport. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read Melvin P. Palmer, Morgan City. the third time, and passed. MICHIGAN ORDER FOR RECESS FROM TO-MORROW UNTIL MONDAY Laurence C. Snyder, Blanchard. Mr. CURTIS. I ask unanimous consent that at the con­ NEW YORK clusion of the service to-morrow the Senate shall take a recess Thomas C. Richardson, Auburn. until 12 o'clock noon on Monday, May 7. Adam Metzger, Callicoon. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. Nellie Fredricson, Cornwall on the Hudson. EXECUTIVE SESSION L. Frank Little, Endicott. Mr. CURTIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ Ralph D. Sanford, Hammondsport. sideration of executive business. Mary A. Blazina, Harrison. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate procE>eded t.o the Harry M. Lanpher, Lowville. consideration of executive business. After three minutes spent J. Frank Smith, Patterson. in executive session the doors were reopened. Austin E. Hummel, Prattsville. George A. Hager, Watertown. ADJOURNMENT Thomas Wheatcroft, Watervliet. ~Ir. CURTIS. In accordance with the unanimous-consent Charles J. Ryemiller, West Sand Lake. agreement heretofore made, I move that the Sen!!te take a recess Mabel Parker, Yulan. until to-morrow at 3 o'clock p. m. The motion was agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock and 35 minutes NORTH DAKOTA p .m.) the Senate took a recess until to-morrow, Sunday, May 6, John W. Campbell, Ryder. 1928, at 3 o'clock p. m. OHIO Ralph B. Troyer, Continental. CONFIRMATIONS Irvin F. Sherman, Deshler. Execu-tive nom.fnation.s con{irrned by the Senate May 5 (legis­ OREGON' ~at'ive day ot May 3), 1928 George B. Bourhill, Moro. REGISTER OF THE LAND OFFICE TEXAS Arthm· Wellington Doland to be register of land office at Charles W. Ford, Gatesville. Sp_okane, Wash. Carroll T. Coolidge, Pasadena. APPOINTMENT IN THE A~MY UTAH COAST ARTILLERY CORPS Andrew Adamson, jr., North Salt Lake. Chauncey Lee Fenton to be professor of chemistry, miner­ alogy, and geology, United States Military Academy. WYOMING William G. Haas, Cheyenne. PROMOTIONS IN THE ABMY CAVALRY Harry Newton Cootes to be colonel. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - George Bowditch Hunter to be lieutenant colonel. Leon Edward Ryder to be major. SATURDAY, ManJ 5, 1928 -INFANTRY The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Charles Haskell l\Iorrow to be colonel. The Right Rev. Monsignor P. C. Gavan, pastor of the Sacred Charles Thomas Smart to be lieutenant colomil. Heart Church, Washington, D. C., offered the following prayer: Harry Langdon Reeder to be major. Almighty and everlasting Father, Spirit of truth and justice Jay Edward Gillfillan to be major. to every creature, from whom graciously comes every good and Earl Shuman Gruver to be first lieutenant. perfect gift, grant, we beseech Thee, that Thy servants, gath­ FIELD ARTILLERY ered here in this august assembly, may be inspired always Charles School Blakely to be lieutenant colonel. with so great a love of this same truth and justice that all Warren Cole Stout to be first lieutenant. . their deliberations and enactments may bring greater honor to Paul Russell Covey to be first lieutenant. Thy holy name, greater glory to our beloved country, and greater QUARTERMASTER CORPS peace and contentment to every citizen throughout the land. We ask this favor of Thee, 0 Heavenly Father, through .Jesus Richard Jaquelin Marshall to be major. Christ, Thy Son, our Lord and Savior. Amen. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and Kenyon Putnam Flagg to be captain. approved. Joseph Burske Hafer to be captain. Edward Lucien Supple to be captain. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Samuel McCullough to be captain. A message from ·the ·Senate, by Mr. Craven, its principal Russell Emerson Bates to be first lieutenant.- cl-erk, announced that the· Senate had passed with an amend- 7886 CONGRESSlON AL RECORD-HOUSE ~fAY 5 ment, in which the concurrence of the House of Representatives the United States Senators from the State in -meeting the levees along the main river. The commission recommends a&Jembled this :t8t1~ dQIY of February, ~. That we hereby petition ~th .bigher: levees with smaller diversions than .the Jadwin plan 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .7887 south of the mouth of the Arkansas River. The Jadwin plan page 11, of the Jadwin report, would have amounted to $37,440,- contemplates a flood way for the relief of Cairo, while the 000. The President, however, made it known to Congress that commission recommends higher levees in the vicinity of Cairo. he had receded from this position. He was willing to eliminate JADWI~ PLA..."' the local contribution of 20 per cent. The Jones-Reid bill adopts the project in accordance with the The late l\Iartin Madden, on April 23, as shown by the engineering plans recommended by Gen. Edgar Jadwin, Chief of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of that date (p. 7024), just four days Engineers. A board is created by section 1 of the act, and the before his death, stated substantially that the adJ:ri.nistration board is to consist of the Chief of Engineers and the president would assume the entire liability for flood .control provided the of the commission and a civilian engineer to be appointed by local interests furnished rights of way for all levee . It was the President. The board is to consider the engineering dif­ estimated that the rights of way for levees along the diversions ferences between the commission plan and the adopted project. would cost a million dollars. I quote n·om the speech made by It makes recommendations to the President of the United States. 1\lr. :l\1adden April 23 (p.. 7024) : The decision of the President is final and must be followed in Why do you want to take the chance of losing the whole thlng by carrying out the project. In other words, the Jadwin engineer­ veto, when by the expenditure of a million dollars you can furnish the ing plan, unless modified by the Pre~ident, will be followed. foundation for levees, etc.? l\lisleading statements have been made about the authority Mr. l\fadden stated, substantially, that the President desired of this board as created in section 1 to involve the Government the United States to furnish the floor, to use his language, for in the expenditure of large sums of money. The language of diversions. When asked if the United States was to furnish the act ls that the board has no power or authority except to flowage rights through diversion , as shown by page 7025 of pass on the engineering differences of the two plans. This is a the RECORD, Mr. Madden replied: fair sample of the misrepresentations circulated as to the pro­ visions of the bill. The board, of which the civilian engineer is It includes the construction of these spillways, it includes the sup­ a member, has- no authority to make contracts. All work and plying of the flowage rights, or the taking of the chance of that cost contracts will continue to be handled by the commission under being assumed by the Government of the United States, as it does of the supervision of the Chief of Engineers and under the direc­ the Atchafalaya. tion of the Secretary of War. . No definite or certain plan for the local interests to furnish It is fair to say that the commis ion plan in some of its the rights of way for levees along the diversions that would be details was not final. The commission recommended further legally binding was suggested, and since these levees are for study to relieve the situation at Cairo. It is also fair to say the benefit of the entire lower valley it was argued that the that the Jadwin plan was definite and comprehensive. It pt~o­ burden should not be borne by the area along the diversions. vided for the maximum flood. The plan i · capable of expansion_ Personally, I wish these rights of way might be provided by It was the only definite plan based upon careful studies and the valley. The President rE-ceded from the requirement of local surveys that was submitted to the committees of Congress. I contribution. The Jadwin plan was thus modified to meet this make this statement in justice to the Chief of Engineers, Gen. conce~sion. The pending bill modifies the Jadwin plan in two Edgar Jadwin, a great engineer, although I do not agi"ee with other particulars. The views of the President were practically some of his conclusions and some features of his plan. met- The difference resolved itself into a question of who FLOWAGE RIGHTS should furnish the rights of way for levees along the diversions. The local interests are to furnish rights of way for leyees Surely neither the Executive nor Congress would withhold on the main river and rights of way for leve<"s on the tribu­ flood control from the lower valley becau e of an estimated dif­ taries in so far as they are affected by the backwater of the ference of a million dollars! Mis issippi River. The bill contemplates that the Government Again, the bill as agreed to by the conferees merely changes will provide the flowage rights through flood ways, diversions, the Jadwin plan in a few particulars. I call attention to the and ! acres in visions for changes, the estimated cost, as shown by paragraph Mississippi, of which approximately 10 per cent is in cultivation. 137, page 32, of the Jadwin report, would have been. $296,400,- These lands would be largely covered by the flood waters of 000. The said estimate includes $110,000,000 for channel stabi­ the Mis&issippi River if there were no levees on the opposite banks. Only the floodage rights, because of the increased water ~ization or na,igation, in which the whole country is interested; 1t includes the Bonnet Carre spillway, the raising of the levees levels, are embraced in the Garrett amendment. Certainly no from 3 to 5 feet along the Mississippi River; it includes the complaint can be made against this amendment because of in­ building of auxiliary levees, rights of way for which are to creased costs, for they are relatively small and will be con­ be furnished by the local interests; it includes mapping; and it fined to floodage rights. The language can have reference only includes levee along pillways, flood · ways, and diversions. to gr~at floods. It does not cover ordinary flowage rights, but There is no guesswork about the cost of the project_ If only mcreased floodage rights. there had been no change in the project the authorization FLOWA.GE RIGHTS would have been the said ~urn of $2D6,400,000. What changes Secondly, the Government is to provide flowage rights from are made in the bill as agreed to by the conferees that increase Cairo to New Madrid, hereinafter referred to as the New the costs? Madrid flood way; for the diversion at Cyp1·ess Creek through The President recommended a local contribution of 20 per the Boeuf Basin, hereinafter called the Boeuf diversion ; for the cent. The testimony shows that he did not insist upon this flood way through the Atcha falaya Basin, hereinafter called the amount but merel.v the recognition of the principle. The 20 Atchafalaya flood way; and for the flood way at Bonnet Carre. qf per cent of the cost the project, as shown by section 411 The administration was represented as being favorable to being 7888 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE }fAY 5 responsible for the flowage rights. The Jadwin pl:ln is accord­ B-oeuf diversion. It is not contemplated ·that the- Government ingly modified in the bill to add the estimated costs of the will acquire the flowage l"ights for the backwater area along the fiowage rights through the spillways, :flood ways, and diversions ~oeuf llasin, for the project does not provide for the protec­ mentioned, and to provide that the United States shall furni.,h tion of backwater areas in the alluvial valley. Nor does the the rights of way for levees along the diversion . project contemplate acquiring flowage rights over navigable It is admitted that these diversi-ons are for the benefit of the streams or other waters in the Boeuf or Atchafalaya Ba ins. entire valley ; they are not alone for the protection of southeast The acreage under the Jadwin plan is lanter than under the Mi souri, Arkan a , or Louisiana. Their cost should be a com­ commis ion plan, but this acreage obtain largely in backwater mon charge against the Government. Mr. l\Iadden, mani­ areas where no compen. ation would have to be paid. At $8 fested a fine spirit of fairnes and justice in treating this great per acre under the Jadwin plan the flowage right over lands national problem, conceded that the Government should be re­ in the Boeuf diversion would aggregate $0,000,0 0, and cer­ sponsible for the :flowage rights. tainly they hould not exceed $15,000,000 at the out. ide limit. Much has been said about the costs of lands for these diver­ The Government should pay for these :flowage rights. The sions. Inaccurate tatements have been made both ns to the United States permitted and consented to the construction of a value and the amount of the lands for :flowage rights in the levee aero the mouth of Cypre s Creek. There was a natm·al cliversions. The unfounded tatements as to the cost of the outlet, and the Government closed it. At the time Cypress project center very largely around the misrepresentations as to Creek was closed it was thouooht that levee. only would provide the costs of the flow~ge rights in the diver ions. The loose and complete flood control. The local interests relied upon the wicked statement that the project will cost a billion or a bil­ judgment of the commis ion. They have spent millions of dol­ lion and a half dollar. is cvupled with the cost of flowage lars in constructing work and in draining and improving lands rights through er It can not be denied that with an immediate assured income under the Jones-Reid bill will not likely exceed the estimated of $1,550,000 a year, on the above-mentioned two items nlone. cost of $355,400,000 and will in no event exceed t..l-te above sum that the proposition to recondition the Mount Vernon and of $380,000,000. Monticello is good busine s and will add two ve sel to the Shipping Board fleet which we may all take pride in as flying EXTENSION OF REMARKS our flag. Mr. DOUGLASS of .Mas ·achusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ ADDRESS OF HON. JAMES A. GALLIVAN mous consent to extend my own remarks in the RwoRD on the Mr. DOUGLASS .of Massachusetts. 1\Ir. Speaker, under the recent conference report upon the independent offices appropria­ leave to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I include the follow­ tion bill. Also, I ask unanimous con ent to extend in the RECORD ing speech prepared by my colleague the late Repr ·entati ve a speech prepared by my colleague, the late Representative James A. Gallivan: James A. Galliv-an, of Ma. sachusetts, which he intended to de­ AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE liver on the merchant marine bill now pending. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Massachusetts asks Mr. Speaker, there are some very practical matters which must be unanimous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD upon understood, considered, and acted upon if the commercial and industrial the independent offices appropriation bill conference report, and integrity of this country is to be pt·eserved and expanded with its also to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing therein future growth. Let me state some of them plainly, so that tbeix sig­ a speech prepared by the late Representative James A. Gallivan. nificance can be grasped. Is there objection? The United States bas become predominantly and preeminently an There was no objection. industrial country. In agriculture and livestock industry the increase in population and the occupation of the open lands by settlers has made RECONDITIONING OF THE " MOUNT VERNON " A D " MO:NTICELLO " the raising of sheep and cattle a decreasing and declining activity. l\lr. DOUGLASS of l\la sa.chusetts. Mr. Speaker and Mem­ We no longer raise sufficient meats for our multiplying population to ber · of the House, I urge that the House do now recede from feed it at reasonable rates. Supremacy in the production of foods, the PQsition it took when the item contained in the independent cereals, and meats is passing to other lands and the e nece sities must offices appropriation bill for the reconditioning of the Shipping be imported, and wool and bides for textile and tanning enterprises Board vessels .M 01.mt Vernon and Monticello was previously must come from the outside world. In a strict sense we have cea ed here, prior to the measure going to the Senate, and resultil'lg to be self-producing and self-sustaining in the economic terms suitable in the disagreement between the Senate and Hou e conferees on to a nation of workers. the matter of whether the money for the work should be taken American industry grows more dependent daily on the raw materials from the construction loan fund or made a a straight appro­ of its outside world, and tho e imported materia:Is mu t be paid for in priation. I feel that whether the money for the reconditioning American money or American manufactured goods. of these ships comes from the con truction loan fund, or other­ Through the aid of tariff laws American industry is practically in wi e, as previously in i ted upon by the House, is comparatiYely control of the American market-the best on earth-but American immaterial. What is agreed by most everyone with the coun­ indusb·y is now able to supply the American market for 12 months by try's best interests at heart is that the project or refitting these the labor and product of 6 months. boats is a very desirable thing, and will prove a very fine invest­ nless we are able to dispose of industry's six months' urplus prod­ ment for the Gov-ernment. uct somewhere-and that somewhere is to be found only in foreign We are all aware of the general unemployment situation markets-American industry and American workers must face the ter­ throughout the country, but which as it effect our navy yard rifying problem of every year of idle mills and shops and unemployment employees at this time is altogether alar~ing if not shameful. for their workers, with the uffering and the discontent such a condition It is a situation that might "\-Yell be given greater con ideration predicates. by all of us. Idleness of industry and workers, of invested capital and labor, Now, the refitting of the .Monticello and the .Mount Vernon at means a condition that even the richest democracy on earth can not a cost of $12,000,000 will provide a greater -volume of work face without misgiving, for here, in a representative government, under than all that now being done by this Nation put together for which the millions of workers are sovereigns and voters, unle s we, tbe transoceanic service. If we, without delay, pa s the item appro­ representatives, prevent such catastrophe by reasonable legislation, the priating the funds to commence the work on these boats we will people will find representatives who will. be doing something that will provide work for a great many It is our duty to pass the needed laws if we are to avoid national people now out of employment and thus relieve untold hardship calamity, industrial disaster, and social upheaval; it is our duty to to many· familie ·. The navy yards will undoubtedly bid for supply the foreign markets for our growing surpluses and thus prevent the work on these ships in competition with the private snip- preventable evils. 1928 CCONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE ~7891 It is axiomatic that trade follows the flag. It is equally true that The SPEAKER. Is there objection? trade must carry that flag to the markets it seeks, and the American There was no objection. flag must fly on American ships carrying American products if we are The Clerk read the bill, as follows : to gain foreign markets. The carrier of cargoes sit,g ~t the first table, and when American Be it enaded, etc., That the restrictions against the alienation, lease, cargoes are carried by foreign ships, flying foreign flags, the American mortgage, or other encumbrance of the lands allotted to members o! 1rader must sit at the second table and take the skimmed milk, from the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma, enrolled as of one-half or more which tbe fo1·eign trader has skimmed the cream. Indian blood, be, and they are hereby, extended for an additional period This question of American trade and commerce is not a political or of 25 years commencing on April 26, 1931 : Provided, That the Secretary party question ; it is an American, a national, question, one that con­ of the Interior shall have the authority to remove the restrictions, cerns every man and woman in the country, regardless of any political upon the applications of the Indian owners of the land, and may remove preference, for all share measurably for good or evil in the prosperity such restrictions, wholly or in part, under such rules and regulations and adversity of the country. An idle and hungry American is not an concerning terms of sale and disposal of the proceeds for the benefit impossibility ; be is a potential and impending possibility, and he will of the respective Indians as he may prescribe. be idle, hungry, angry, discontented, and ready for trouble in the evil SEC. 2. That the provisions of section 9 of the act of May 27, 1908 day, no matter what his political faith may be, and equally ready to (35 Stat. L. 312), entitled "An act for the removal of restrictions from strike down the men and parties who have by neglect, obstinacy, part of the lands of allottees of the Five Civilized Tribes, and for other ignorance, misguicled partisanship, or persistent prejudice brought to purposes," as amended by section 1 of the act of April 12, 1926 (44 America the evils that press upon the North and South, East and West, Stat. L. 239), entitleu "An act to amend section 9 of tbc act of May with equal severity. 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L. 312), and for putting in force, in reference to With all our prosperity we .are only a few jumps ahead of evil days ; suits involving Indian titles, the statutes of limitations of the State our foreign competitors are growing stronger and keener daily; they of Oklahoma, and providing for the United States to join in certain must be met in foreign markets, and here in our own home markets, actions, and for mah'ing judgments binding on all parties, and for aided and abetted by the domestic enemies inside our gates; they are other purposes," be, and are hereby, extended and continued in force undermining and underselling American industry and putting American for a period of 25 years from and including April 26, 1931, except, how­ workmen out into the streets, unemployed, unpaid, and unhappy. ever, the provisions thereo.f which read as follows: We must guard the home market and conquer the foreign market. {{ P·rovided further, That if any member of the Five Civilized Tribes There is no altruism in commerce; no sloppy, international sentimental­ of one-half or more Indian blood shall die leaving issue surviving, born i m. Self-preservation is the first law of nature and nations, and since March 4, 1906, the homestead of such deceased allottee shall enligbten~d self-interest the creed of commerce. remain inalienable, unless restrictions against alienation are removed I have sought to present facts, not fancies, to this House, for Amer­ therefrom by the Secretary of the Interior for the use and support of ica is at the crossroads of the world and these things emerge : such issue, during their life or lives, until April 26, 1931; but if no American social safety and industrial security demand 300 working such issue survive, then such allottee, if an adult, may dispose of his days a year for capital and labor. tiomestead by will free from restrictions; if this be not done, or in the The trade and commerce upon which these are based demand foreign event the issue hereinabove provided for die before April 26, 1931, the markets for industry's surplus. lands shall then descend to the heirs, according to the laws of descent Am rican commerce must be borne all round the world in American and distribution of the State of Oklahoma, free from all restrictions : ships flying the American flag, and we must frame our laws so that this Provided, That the word 'issue,' as used in this section, shall be con­ end may be accomplished. strued to mean child or children : Pt·o·vided fu1-ther, That the provisions To-day most of our cargoes for foreign markets are cartied in foreign of section 23 of the act of April 26, 1906, as amended by tbis act, are ships :tlying foreign flags, and these ships are enabled to underbid and hereby made applicable to all wills executed under this section : " undersell American ships, because they are subsidized by their foreign wbich quoted provisions be, and the same are, repealed, elfective April governments to keep American shipping o.lf the seas. American com­ 26, 1931 : Provided further, That the provisions of section 23 of the act merce pays out enough in freight charges to foreigners to support a of Congress approved April 26, 1906 (34 Stat. L. 137), as amended by splendid commercial navy, and the creation, fosterage, and conservation the provisions of section 8 of the act of Congress approved May 27, of such a navy is the sacred duty of our Government. Let us make 1908 (35 Stat. L. 312), be, and tlie same are hereby, continued in force laws and establish policies that will make it possible for an American and effect until A,pril 26, 1956. commercial marine to live and flourish and make our industry and com­ SEC. 3. That all minerals, including oil and gas, produced on or meree independent in war and peace of alien intrigue and hostility. after April 26, 1931, from restricted allotted lands of members of the An American merchant marine will serve every American interest­ Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma, or from inherited restricted lands the farmer, the miner, the merchant, the ·manufacturer, and the of full-blood I ndian heirs or devisees of such lands, shall be subject to worker, who i the source and support of our social condition, the all State and Federal taxes of every kind and character the same as American Atlas--and we must build up and sustain such merchant those produced from lands owned by other cUizens of the State ot marine if the American Republic is to endure in peace and prosperity ; Oklahoma ; and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized anti the aid and evangel of America on the seven seas in peace, the ally directed to cause to be paid, from the individual Indian funds held and supplement of our Navy in the days of war and stress. under bis supervision and control and belonging to the Indian owners of Let us never forget our experience in the World War and the price the lands, the tax or taxes so assessed against the royalty interest of we paid on the sea to save democracy, and the price tho ·e we saved the respective Indian owners in such oil, gas, and other mineral exacted from us when we went forth to save them. production. In time of peace let us prepare to preserve the peace and not SEC. 4. That on and after April 26, 1931, the allotted, inherited, and forget the lessons taught in war ; and not the least of those lessons devised restricted lands of each Indian of the Five Civilized Tribes in taught us, even if now being forgotten, was this : Trade follows the excess of 160 acres shall be subject to taxatio.n by the State of Okla­ flag; fly it on the ships of the nations; the carrier of cargoes is the homa under and in accordance with the laws of that State, and in all conqueror of commerce. An American merchant marine will carry our respects as unrestricted and other lands : Provided, That the I ndian cargoes in peace and make us conquerors in war. owner of restricted land, if an adult and not legally incompetent, shall LEAVE TO DISTRICT 01!' COLUMBIA COMMITTEE TO SIT DURING select from his restricted land a tract or tracts, not exceeding in the SESSIONS OF THE HOUSE aggregate 160 acres, to remain exempt from taxation and shall file with the superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes a certificate Mr. ZIHLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that designating and describing the tract or tracts so selected: And rwo­ the Committee on the District of Columbia may sit during the vided further, That in cases where such Indian fails, within two years sessions of the Hou e for two days to bold bearings. from date hereof, to file such certificate, and in cases where the Indian The SPEAKER. Tbe gentleman from :Maryland asks unani­ owner is a minor or otherwise legally incompetent, the selection shall mous consent tbat tbe Committee on tbe District of Columbia be made and certificate prepared by the superintendent for the Five may have permission to sit for two days dill"ing the sessions of Civilized Tribes; and such certificate, whether by the Indian or by the tbe Hou e. Is there objection? superintendent f.or the Five Civilized Tribes, shall be subject to approval There was no objection. by the Secretary of the Interior, and when approved by the Secretary of FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES the Interior, shaH be recorded in the office of the superintendent for Mr. LEAVITT. Mr. Speaker, I call up from the Speaker's the Five Civilized Tribes and in the county records of the county in desk the bill S. 3594, to ext~nd the period of restriction in which the land is situated; and said lands, designated and described lands of certain members of the Five Civilized Tribes, and for in the approved certificates so recorded, shall remain exempt from other purposes, and ask unanimous consent for its present taxation while the title remains in the Indian designated in such consideration. approved and recorded certificate, or in any full-blood Indian heir of The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Montana calls up tbe devisee of the land: Provided, That the tax exemption shall not extend bill S. 3594, and asks unanimous consent for its present con­ beyond the period of restrictions provided for in this act: Antl provided sideration. The Clerk will report tbe title of the bill. furthet·, That the tax-exempt land of any such Indian allottee, heir, or The Clerk read the title of the bill. devisee shall not at any time exceed 160 a cres. 7892 .OONGRESSION AL ·RECORD-HOUSE 1\fAY 5

SEc. 5. That this act shall not be construed to reimpose restrictions above-mentioned acts of Congress, under which the h·ibal lands we~;e heretofore or hereafter removed by the Secretary of the Interior or by allotted in severalty to the enrolled ruembet·s of the Five Civilized operation of law, nor to exempt from taxation any lands which are Tribes, contained certain restrictions against alienation or encumbrance subject to taxation under existing law. of the allotted lands. These agreements also contained provisions The bill' was ordered to be read a third time, was read the relating to the nontaxability, for cet·tain periods of time, of the allot­ third time, and passed. ments or pa1·ts of allotments. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed By the Choctaw-Chickasaw agreement, contained in ection 29 of the was laid on the table. act of Congress approved June 28, 1898 (30 Stat. L. 495-507), it was A similar Bouse bill was laid on the table. pro:vided that all the lands allotted to the Choctaws and Chickasaws Mr. LEAVITT. Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent, I should be nontaxable "while the title remains in the original allottee insert at this point the report of the House committee on the but not to exceed 21 years from date of patent." similar Bouse bill (H. R. 12000), whi<.:h is as follows : By the Seminole agreement, contained in the act of Congress ap­ proved July 1, 1898 (30 Stat. L. 567-56 ) , it wa provided that the [H. R. No. 11!)3, 70th Cong., 1st sess.] 40-acre homestead of each allottee should be "nontaxable aa a home­ EXTEND PERIOD OF RESTRICTIONS 0::-f LANDS OF CERTAIN MEMBERS OF stead in perpetuity." THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES By section 7 of the Creek agreement, contained in the act of Congress Mr·. LEAVITT, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the approved 1\.farch 1, 1901 (31 Stat. L. 861-863), it was provided that the following report (to accompany H. R. 12000) : 40-acre homestead allotment of each citizen of the Creek Nation should The purpose of this bill is to extend the restrictions on the lands be "nontaxable * * * for 21 years. * •." allotted to members of the Five Civilized Tribes for an additional By section 13 of the Cherokee agreement, contained in the act of period of 25 years commencing April 26, 1931. It is estimated that Congress approved July 1, 1902 (32 Stat. L. 716-717), it was provided, this bill will apply to approximately 11,000 members of the Five referring to the homestead allotment of each member of the Cherokee Civilized Tribes, about 9,000 of whom are· full-blood Indians. These Tribe, that "During the time said homestead is held by the allottee the Indians now own approximately 1,743,974 acres of land and under the same shall be nontaxable * • * ." terms of H. R. 12000 approximately 1,000,000 acres will be nontaxable lly certain pt·ovisions of the act of Congress approved April 21, 1904 after April 26, 1931, and the acreage of exempt land will be reduced (33 Stat. L. 189-204), the restrictions upon the alienation of lands of from year to year as restrictions are removed by the Secretary of the all allottees of the Five Civilized Tribes who were not of Indian blood, Interior and by death. except minors and except as to homesteads, were removed, and it was There are on the rolls of the Five Civilized Tribe 101,506 members. further provided that the restrictions upon the alienation of the lands The emolled members of the Five Civilized Tribes at one time owned of the other allottees of the Five Civilized Tribes, except minors and ex­ approximately 19,000,000 acres of land in eastern Oklahoma, covering cept as to homesteads, might be removed by the Secretary of the Inte­ 40 counties of that State. There were allotted to the members of the rior upon application of the allottee and under such rules and regula­ Five Civilized Tribes 15,794,218 acres. The restrictions on 14,050,244 tions as the Secretary of the Interior mi_ght prescribe. acres have been removed by orde1· of the Secretary of the Interior Qr Sections 19 to 23, inclusi've, of the above-mentioned act of Congress by act of Congress, but mostly by the act of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L. approved April 26, 1906 (34 Stat. L. 137-144), contained certain re­ 312-3). strictions in the matter of alienation and leasing of the allotted and in­ The Interior Department caused a detailed individual investigation herited land. By section 19 of the act of .April 26, 1906, it was also to be made of the restricted allotted Indians of the Five Civilized pwvided that all lands from which restrictions were removed should Tribes. These repot·ts a1·e exhaustive and in uetail and cover 9,849 be subject. to taxation and the other lands should l.Jc exempt from taxa­ Indians. The investigation was made through the field clerks and their tion so long as the title remained in the original allottee. assistants and interpreters under the Superintendent of the Five By section 4 of the act of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L. 312-313), it Civilized Trioes at Muskogee, Okla. This investigation extended over a was provided that all lands from which restrictions were removed should period of about six months and is regarded by the Indian Office to be be subject to taxation. These provisions, however, of section 19 of the as thorough as can be ruade. The individual reports show as far as act of .April 26, 1!)06, and section 4 of the act of May 27, 1908, to the 1 could be obtained the name of the Indian, his enrollment number, the effect that the lands from which the restl'ictions were removed should lane! he owns, and other pertinent facts. From this investigation and be subject to taxation, were held by the Supt·eme Court of the United the record as to the lands heretofore disposed of by the Indians the States, in the. case of Choate v. Trapp (224 U_ S. 665), to be without force and effect. Interior Department regards it as unsafe that the restricted members of the Five Civilized Tt·ibes should be turned loose, free from govern­ Relative to the nontaxability of the lands dut·ing the exempt period mental supervision after April 26, 1931. · and during the restriction period, and of the income therefrom, reference ffixhaustive heal'ings were held by the committee on the bill, and it is herein made to the opinion dated March 15, 1924, of the Attorney is believed that the best interests of the restricted members of the General (34 Op. Atty. Gen. 275). Five Civilized Tribes require the enactment of the proposed legisla­ By the provisions of section 1 of the act of Congress approved :May tion in order that these Indians may be protected in the enjoyment of 27, 1908 (35 Stat. L. 312), the restrictions against alienation or en·­ their homes on and after .April 26, 1931. cumbrance were removed from all lands, including homesteads, of The favorable report of the Secretary of the Interior covering the allottees, including minors, of the Five Civilized 'l'ribes enrolled as in­ termanied whites, as fL·eedmen, and as mixed-blood Inaians having subj~!: matter in detail is as follows : less than half Indian blood, and also from the lands, except homesteads, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, of the allottees enrolled as mixed-blood Indians having half or more Washington, Mat·ch 7, 1928. than half and less than three-quarters Indian blood. Hon. SCOTT LEAVITT, By section 1 of the above-mentioned act of 1\lay 27, 1908, it was Ol!airman Oommittee on lnd'ian Affain., further provided that all homesteads of allottees enrolled as mixed-blood House of Representatives. Indians having half.or more than half Indian blood, including minors, MY DEAR MR. LEAVITT : There is transmitted herewith a draft of a and all allotted lands of enrolled full-bloods, and enrolled mixed-bloods proposed bill to extend the period of restrictions on lands of certain of three-quarters or more Indian blood, including minors, should not be membet·s of the Five Civilized Tribes, and for other purposes. subject to alienation, contract to sell, power of attorney, or any other It appears, from investigation made, that the period of restrictions on encumbrance prior to April 26, 1931; except, however, that the Secre­ the lands of these Indians of certain classes should be extended and tary or the Interior might remove such restrictions, wholly or in part, that legislation is necessary for the purpose. under such rules and regulations as he might prescribe concerning Relative to the allotments of land to the enrolled members of the terms of sale and disposal of the proceeds for the benefit of the respec­ Five Civilized Tribes, reference is herein made to the agreement of the tive Indians. United States with the Seminole Nation, contained in the act of Con­ By these provisions of section 1 of the act of May 27, 1908, the re­ gress approved July 1, 1898 (30 Stat. L. 567), and the agreement with strictions were remoYed from the lands of certain classes of allottees, the Seminole Nation set forth in the act of Congress approved June 2, and the restrictions on the lands of certain other classes of allottees 1900 (31 Stat. L. 250) ; the agreement with the Choctaw and Chicka­ were extended to April 26, 1931. saw Nations, contained in section 29 of the act of Congress approved In connection with the matter of restrictions on the allotted and in­ June 28, 1898 (30 Stat. L. 495), and the supplemental agreement with heL;ited lands of Indians of the Five Civilized 'l'ribes, reference ·is herein the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations contained in the act of Congress made to the provisions of sections 2 to 6, inclusive, of the above-men­ approved July 1, 1902 (32 Stat. L. 641) ; the agreement with the tioned act of May 27, 1908, and to the provisions of section 9 of that Cherokee Nation, contained in the act of Congress approved July 1, act, as modified by the provisions of section 1 of the act of Congress 1902 (32 Stat. L. 716) ; the agreement wlth the Creek Nation, contained approved April 12, 1926 (44 Stat. L. 239). in the act of Congress approved March 1, Hl01 (31 Stat. L. 861), and From reports received, it appears that in 1898 the Five Civilized the supplemental agreement with the Creek Nation, as set forth in the Tribes' country aggregated 19,525,966 acres ; tbat of this area there has act of June 30, 1902 (30 Stat. L. 500) ; the act of Congress approved been allotted, to June 30, 1927, to the 101,506 enrolled members of the March 3, 1905 (33 Stat. L. 1048), and the act of Congt·ess approved · Five "Civilized Tribes, in the aggregate, 15,794,218 acres. It appears · .April 26, 1906 (34 Stat. L. 137). These agreements set forth in the that to June 30, 1927, and by and under. the above-mentioned acts of 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7893 April 21, 1004, and May 27, 1908, and certain o ther acts, the restrictions of the lands shall be paid by the Secretary of the Interior from the were removed from approximately 14,050,244 acres of allotted land. restricted individual Indian funds of such Indians. By section 4 of the The restricted land, as of June 30, 1927, is reported to aggregate proposed bill, provision is made that on and after April 26, 1931, the 1,743,974 acres, of which 762,000 acres are described as homestead allot­ allotted, inherited, and devised restricted lands of each Indian of the ment, 861,131 acres as surplus allotment, and 120,843 acres as home­ Five Civilized Tribes in excess of 160 acres shall be subject to taxation stead land inherited by Indians born since March 4, 1906, and restricted by the State of Oklahoma under and in accordance with the laws of that under section !} of the act of May 27, 1908. There are approximately State, and in all respects as unrestricted and other lands. Provision 12,000 Indians whose lands, wholly or in part, are in the restricted class. is also made for the designation of the tract or tracts, not to exceed 160 From the above, it therefore appears that out of the 15,794,218 acres acres in the case of each Indian, to remain exempt from taxation during allotted only 1,743,974 acres now r emain under dep~rtment supervision the extended period of restrictions, anu while the land remains restricted as restricted land; and of tbe 101,506 allottees there are now approxi­ as to alienation, lease, or encumbrance. mately only 12,000 whose lands, in whole or in part, are in the re­ While keeping in mind the interests of the restricted Indians of the stricted class. Under existing law, the restrictions on these lands will Five Civilized Tribes, it is believed that if the period of restrictions on expire at the close of April 25, 1931. their lands be extended as contemplated in the proposed bill, they should In 19!:!6, at the request of the Hou ·e Committee on Indian Affairs, a not continue to be exempt from taxation, except as to a limited acreage census of the living enrolled restricted members of the Five Civilized of their land. It is further believed that the taxation provisions of sec­ Tribes was taken and the report in the matter stated the number of tions 3 and 4 of the proposed bill are not only fair and just to the such Indians to be 11,386. Of these, it was found that 9,100 were State of Oklahoma, but to the Indians as well. enrolled full-blood Indians and 2,286 were mixed bloods, having one-half In view of the above, and it appearing that in the cases of the full­ or more of Indian blood. blood and other restricted Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes there is Numerous petitions and requests have been received from the full­ need of the continued protection of the Government in r elation to their blood anu other restricted Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes urging restrictj:!d Indian property and income therefrom, it is believed that, as that legislation extending the restriction period be obtained. Others also above indicated, the restrictions on their allotted and other restricted have requested and urged that, In the best interests of these Indians, lands should be extended for an additional period of 25 years com­ the legislation be obtained. mencing on April 26, 1931, and legislation for that purpose should be In view of the near approach of the date of the expiration, under enacted. I therefore request that the proposed bill, draft of which is existing law, of the restriction period and of the many petitions and herewith, be introduced in Congress and recommend and urge that it be requests from the. Indians and others that a legislative extension of the enacted. restriction period be obtained, a field investigation was made relative to Very truly yours, these full-blood Indians and other Indians having restricted lands as to HUBERT WO:RK. their living conditions, education, occupation, health, business, and abil­ OLIVER C. MACEY AND MARGUERITE MACEY _ ity. A mass of information was obtained by the field employees of the department relative to these full-blood and other restricted Indians Mr. UNDERHILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent and their restricted lands. to take from the Speaker's table the bill S. 1648, with House Abstracts of the field reports upon 9,849 individual cases have been amendments thereto, insist on the House amendments, and agree received and considered. The abstracts of the field reports clearly show to the conference asked by the Senate. that the restricted Indians, by reason of age, lack of education, and The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Massachusetts asks business experience, or for other reasons incompetent to properly h-an­ unanimous consent to take from the Speaker's table tbe bill dle their business affairs and protect their property interests, are in S. 1648, with House amendments, insist on the House amend­ need of the continued protection of the Government in the supervising ments, and agree to the conference. Is there objection? of their affairs relating to their restricted Indian property and income There was no objection. therefrom. It is believed that the restrictions on alienation, lease, or The SPEAKER appointed the following conferees : Mr. encumbrance of their allotted and inherited Indian lands should be ex­ UNDERHIT.L, Mr. SEARS of Nebraska, and Mr. Box. tended for an additional period of 25 years commencing on April 26, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK 1931. Mr. HAUGEN. Mr. Speaker, I call up the conference report The proposed bill, draft of which is herewith, provides, by section 1 upon the bill (H. R. 9495) to provide for the further develop.. thereof, that the re trictions against the alienation, lease, mortgage, or ment of agricultural extension work between the agricultural other encumbrance of the lands allotted to members of the Five Civilized colleges in the several States receiving the benefit of the act Tribes in Oklahoma, enrolled as of one-half or more Indian blood, shall entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States be extended for an additional period of 25 years commencing on April and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of 26, 1931. It is further provided, however, that the Secretary of the agriculture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1862, and Interior may, upon application of the Indian owners of the land, re­ all acts supplementary thereto, and the United States Depart­ move such restric:tions, wholly or in part, under such rule and regula­ ment of Agriculture. tions concerning terms of sale and disposal of the proceeds for the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa calls up a con­ benefit of the respective Indians as he may prescribe. ference report, which the Clerk will report. The proposed bill, by section 2 thereof, provides that section 9 of the act of May 27, 1!)08 (35 Stat. L. 312), as amended by section 1 of the 'l'he Clerk read the conference report. act of April 12, 1926 (44 Stat. L. 239), shall be extended and continued (For conference report, see House proceedings of May 4, in force and effe ct for a period of 25 years from and including April 26, 1928.) 1931, except, however, the provisions relating to certain temporary 'l'he SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the confer­ special interests inherited in the homesteads of deceased allottees by a ence report. certain class of their heirs born since March 4, 1906. '£he conference report was agreed to. Under the existing Jaw the temporary special interests referred to FORT M'HENRY above of these heirs, born since March 4, 1906, in the homesteads of Mr. LINTH1CUM. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent decedent allottees, will expire on April 26, 1931. It is understood that to have the Clerk read an article from the Evening Sun, of by reason of these temporary special interests or rights under the ex­ Baltimore, of April 4, 1928, entitled " Odor of malt and hops isting law, the final settlement and partition of estates of deceased permeates Fort McHenry," and ask unanimous consent to pro­ anottees among the heirs were delayed and that many complications ceed for five minutes. arose. It is believed that it will be to the best interest of the greater The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen- number of the heirs of deceased allottees to permit the temporary tleman from Mal'yland? special interests or rights of the above-mentioned class of heirs born There was no objection. since March 4, 1906, to expire on April 26, 1931, as provided by existing The SPEAKER. Without objection, the Clerk will read. law, and that such temporary special interests or rights should not be The Clerk read as follows : extended for an additional period of time. This will have the result of [From the Evening Sun, Baltimore, April 4, 1928] placing the allottee's heirs born since March 4, 1906, in the same posi­ tion and with the same inheritance rights as the heirs born prior to ODOR OF MALT AND HOPS PERMEATES FORI' MCHENRY-FINE LINE that date. SEPARATES I "SPIRATION FOR ANTHEM OF LIBERTY AND SPOT WHERFJ Section 3 and 4 Oof the proposed bill relate to the matter of taxation BOTTLES OF BEER ARE SMASHED BY DRYS during the extension period. By section 3 it is provided that aU min­ Between the Fort McHenry re ervation proper and that portion of erals, including oil and gas, produced on or after April 26, 1931, from it used by Federal prohibition agents is an iron fence. The line thus the restricted allotted lands of members of the Five Civilized Tribes, or drawn is an acute one, for south of it is the serenity of, a thing cen­ from the inherited res tricted lands of full-blood Indian heirs or devisees turies old; north of it the smell ot beer-recent beer, that is. of uch lands, shall be subject to all State and Federal taxes of every The odor of malt and hops emanates from a pile of broken bottles kind and character the same as those produced from lands owned by on which three men were seen holding an impromptu "target practice." other citizens of the State of Oklahoma. Provision is made that the Yesterday they had a truck backed up as close as possible and were tax or taxes assessed against the royalty i.nterests of-the Indian owners hurling loaded beer bottles on the pile. 7894 OONGRESSIONAL• RECORD-HOUSE• j,. ;!! . · lfAY 5 Some of the bottles did not break at the first fall, so they were Recently, however, against the '1gorous protest of the peopte peppered with other bottles. Those that broke did so with popping of Baltimore, ~th the wet and dry element, the Treasury De­ that sounded like the discharge of small-calibet· firearms. partment establiShed the Federal prohibition quarters in the COLORFUL BI -s otb~r buildings, w-here prohibition snoopers and agents have The beer was being thrown into three separate bins, each of which their headquarters, where the bootleggers, automobiles, and held a different-colored glass. llrown bottles were lJroken in one bin, trucks are brought, where the seized beers and liquors are green in another, and white in the other. As each bottle broke it sent ~ken and destroyed, where bottles pile up and scent of beer and a little geyser of foam into the air. liquor permeate the surroundings. Along the water front beside the pier, back of the prohibition I ask the driest of the drys politically on the floor of this officers, a pile of smashed beer boxes rises to a height of 15 feet. Next Hous~ bo~ tb~y like this agency established upon the grounds to it are smashed kegs, and then a pile of barrel staves. Some have of th1s histone spot at the very same headquarters of the fallen into the water and rise and fall with es.ch wave. Veteran ' Bureau and where the Star-Spangled Banner waves To the south of the line, however, spring has begun her work. over. this historic fort. which means so much to the history and . Shrub - around the battlem nts of the old star fort which, in 1814, sentiment of our national independence.- 'was under heavy bombardment and inspired Francis Scott Key to To me and to my people the situation is absolutely untenable write the Star-Spangled Banner, are putting out a touch of green, and and ungenerous to Baltimore and- to the country . . grass is taking on a verdant hue. · I shall within n few days introduce a resolution into this VISITORS TO SCENE House asking that this Prohibition Bureau be removed to some other location, and that the building be taken o\er by the Gov­ Vi itors stroll about the reservation, stopping to read the inscrip­ . e.rnment for some purpose more in harmony with the aspira­ tions that tell the history of the fort. They read one that tells that tions of those who are endeavoring to make this bline one of this is the spot on which the flagpole stood that held the flag which ·the sacred spots of America. [Applause.] - Key wrote about, and a few cannon balls that "were fired by the Briti h naval forces in the bombardment of Fot·t McHenry, 1814." PENSIONS . All about there is an air of serenity and peace, hedged nicely in with Mr. KNUTSON. 1\Ir. Speaker, I call up the conference report a historic fiavor. But above the line, on the "north side,'' as it were, on the bill H. R. 10141. there is the undisturbed and peaceful air also, and the flavor is of The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Minnesota calls up the beer-recent beer. conference report on the bill H. R. 10141. The Clerk will Mr. LINTHICUM. Mr. Speaker, the Congress of the United report it. States has designated Fort McHenry, Baltimore, as a national The Clerk read as follows : military reser\ation becau"e of its historic interest to tlie people A bill (B. R. 10141) granting pensions and increase of pensions and of the part it played in the final battle before the treaty for certain soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and Navy, etc. was signed in the War of 1812. There has been ·appropriated two sums: Fir t, that received Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that for the old buildings and equipment sold after the war, amount­ the statement be read in lieu of the report. ing to $28,522.35 ; second, a bill which passed Congress and was The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the approved by the President authorizing a further appropriation gentleman from Minnesota? of $81,678, making a total of $110,200.35. There was no objection. At Fort McHenry and North Point the British under General The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the statement. Ross were defeated and retired after they bad captured Wash­ The statement was read. ington and burned the White House and the Capitol. At this The conference report and statement are as follows: hLtoric point Francis Scott Key wrote the national anthem which solidified and united our country and meant more to the CONFERElNCE REPORT American arms than 10,000 bayonets. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the I quote this historic synopsis that I may lead on to what I two Hou es on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. have to say in regard to the present situation. Some years 10141) granting pensions and increase of pensions for certain ago-about 12 or 14-Congress carved from one corner of the soldiers and sailors of the Regular Army and Navy, etc., having historic grounds of Fort McHenry a piece of land upon which to met, after full and free conference have agreed to recommend erect a modern immigration station. This was erected at an and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: expense approximating $600,000. It was thought that this loca­ That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 4 tion was most advantageous because of its easy access both and 12. from water and land, and, secondly, becau e it was thought a That the House recede from its disagreement to the amend­ fine sentiment to have the hundreds of people from foreign ments of the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, land who were about to become American residents and finally 16, 17, 18, 19, and agree to the same. citizens arrive here and view the Star-Spangled Banner waving Amendment numbered 15: That the House recede from its from that point which in pired Key to write the national di agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 15, and anthem. agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of It was a fine sentiment and a fine location for this immigra­ the figures proposed to be in erted by said amendment, in ert tion station. The war came on. The immigration station, with " $60" ; and the Senate agree to the same. · its large buildings and great capacity, was recognized as a very Amendment numbered 20: That the House recede from its u eful unit for a large hospital, and so it was taken over by di agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 20, the Government for bo pital purpo e and gradually temporary and agree to the same with amendments as follows : buildings covered the whole fort grounds. Page 2 of the engrossed amendment, in the ca e of Arthur E . Thousands of veterans were brought here for treatment, both Wilcox, strike out the figures " 12" anEl in lieu thereof insert from the camps of this country and from the battle fields of the figures "20." France. A second time the old fort demonstrated its usefulness Page 7, in the case of Catarino Armijo, strike out the figures in time of war and bad emblazoned upon its e cutcheon the "12" and in lieu thereof insert the figure "6." noble deeds of physician , surgeon , nurses, and others engaged Page 7, strike out the language "The name of William L. in looking after the needs of humanity. Curry, late scout in the United States Army, Nez Perce Indian The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Maryland war, and pay him a pension at the rate of $30 per month." bas expired. Page 7, in the case of George W. Peck, strike out the figures Mr. I.JINTHICUl\I. 1\!ay I have two minutes more?· "30" and in lieu thereof insert the figures "20." The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maryland asks unani­ Page· 8, in the case of Andrew J. Stewart, trike out the mous consent to proceed for two minutes more. Is there objec­ figures "30" and in lieu thereof insert the figure " 20." tion? rage 9, strike out the language "The name of Jo epb Baker, Tllere was no objection. who served as Indian scout, United States Army, and pay him a Mr. LINTHICUM. The temporary buildings have now been pension at the rate of $50 per month." removed, and the fort with the appropriations i being con­ Page 10, in the case of Ella 1\f. Beckett, strike out the figures verted into the same condition and appearance as it was when " 30 " and in lieu thereof in ert the figures "20." the battle between the American forces and those of Great Page 10, in the case of Effie I. Disney, strike out the figures Britain was fought. But lo, the immigration station! How it "30" and in lieu thereof insert the figures "12." has fared is certainly not in keeping with the plans of the fort. Page 10, in the case of Anna M. Sherman, strike out the fig­ The Treasury Department e tabtished the Veterans' Bureau ures "30" and in lieu thereof insert the figures "12." in a part of t.b.e buildings, and it has proved a most admirable Page 11, strike out the language "The name of John L. location. · Baxter, late a scout with the United States Army, Bannock 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7895 Indian war, and pay him a peru;ion at the rate of $20 per Accordingly the House resolved itself into Committee of th·e month, to commence 1\larch 4, 1927." Whole House on the state of the Union for the further consid­ Page 11, in the case of Frank H. Wilson, strike out the fig­ eration of the bill S. 744, with Mr. CRAMTON in the chair. "Q.res "17" and in lieu thereof insert the figures "12." Mr. CRAMTON. The Committee of the Whole House on the Page 18, in the case of Wilbur B. Swafford, strike out the state of the Union will be in order. The Clerk will report the figures " 30 " ami in lieu thereof insert the figures "20." pending bill by title. Page 18, strike out the language " The name of Bascom The Clerk read as follows : Prater, late of Company E, Second Regiment Kentucky Volun­ A bill (S. 744) _to further develop an American merchant mar,ine, teer Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $8 per to assm·e its permanence in the transportation of the foreign trade of month.'; the United States, and for other purposes. And the House agree to the same. Page 20, strike out the language "The name of Edward L. The CHAIR~IAN. The Clerk will proceed with the reading Schmiedemann, late of Company B , First Regiment Nebraska of the bill for amendment. National Guard Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of The Clerk read as follows: $20 per month, in lieu of that he is now receiving." . TITLE III-CONSTRUCTION LOAN FUND Page 2.0, strike out the language "The name of :M.ilous Day, late of Company D, First Regiment of Capital Guards Ken­ TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF LOANS tucky Infantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of $50 per SEC. 301. (a) Section 11 of the merchant marine act, 1920, as month." amended (U. S. C., title 46, sec. 879; 44 Stat. L. pt. 2, 1451), is Page 20, trike out the language " The name of Samuel H. amended to read as follows : Ander on, late an employee of the Quartermaster Depart:Ipent "SEC. 11. (a) That the board may set aside, out of the r evenues from in the Yellowstone Expedition, and pay him a pension at the sales, including proceeds of securities consisting of notes, letters of rate of $20 per month." credit, or other evidences of debt, taken by it for deferred payments on Page 20, strike out the language "The name of George R. purchase money from sales by the board, whether such securities are to Odle, late of Capt. D. B. Randall's Company Idaho Volunteers the order of the United States, 'the United States Shipping Board, the Nez Perce Indian War, and pay him a pension at the rate of United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, or the $20 per month." United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation, either directly Page 21, in the case of William Fmnklin De Spain, strike out or by indorsement, until tho amounts thus set aside from time to time the figures " 20," and in lieu thereof insert the figures " 12." aggregate $125,000,000. The amount thus set aside hall be known as Page 22, in the case of James W. Allen, strike out the the construction loan fund. The board may use such fmid to the ex­ figures " 20" and in lieu thereof insert the figures " 12." tent it thinks proper, upon such terms as the board may prescribe, in Page 22, in the case of Francis H. Kearney, strike out the making loans to aid persons citizens of the United States in the con­ :figures " 20." and in lieu thereof insert the figures " 12." struction by them in private shipyards or navy yards in the United Page 22, in the case of Charles A. Packwood, strike out the States of vessels of tl;le best and most efficient type for the establish­ :fiaure · "20" and in lieu thereof insert the figures "12." ment or maintenance of service on lines deemed desirable or necessary Page 22, in the case of Hubert L. Bassett, strike out the by the board, provided such vessels shall be fitted and equipped with :figures "20" and in lieu thereof insert the figures " 12." the most modern, the most efficient, and the most economical engines, Page 23, in the case of Sarah R. Bates, stlike out the figures machinery, and commercial appliances ; or in the outfitting and equip­ "20" and in lieu thereof insert the figures "12." ment by them in private shipyards or navy yards in the United States of Page 23, in the case of Charles E. Finch, strike out the fig­ vessels already built, with engines, machinery, and collllllercial appli­ ures "20" and in lieu thereof in8ert the figures "12." ances of the type and kind mentioned ; or in the reconditioning, re­ And the House agree to the same. modeling, or improvement by them in private shipyards or navy yards HAROLD Kl\TUTSON, in the United States of vessels already built. J. 1\l. RoBsroN, "(b) The term 'vessel' or 'vessels,' where used in this section, WM. c. HAMMER, shall be oonstrued to mean a vessel or vessels to aid in whose construc­ Managers on the part ot the House. tion, equipment, reconditioning, remodeling, or improvement a loan is made from the construction loan fund of the board. All such vesseL<; ARTHUR R. ROBINSON, shall be documented under the laws of the United States and shall PETER N OBBECK, remain documented under such laws for not less than 20 years from the Managers on the pa.rt of the Senate. date the loan is made, and so long as there remains due the United States any principal or interest on account of such loan. STATEMENT "(c) No loan shall be made for a longer time than 20 years. If it The managers on the part of the House on H. n. 10141 show is not to be repaid within two years from the date when the first ad­ by way of explanation that 133 House bills were included in vance on the loan is made by the board, the principal shall be pay­ said bill. able in equal annual installments to be definitely prescribed in the The committee of conference carefully examined the merits instruments. The loan may be paid at any time, on 30 days' written of each individual case over which any difference of opinion notice to the board, with interest computed to, date of payment. existed and mutually agreed to restore all bills of meritorious "(d) All such loans shall bear interest at rates as follows, payable character. not less frequently than annually : During any period in which the The Senate contained the names of 153 beneficiaries and the vessel is operated exclusively in coastwise trade, or is inactire, the rate House disagreed with the Senate on 35 items and made 23 of interest shall be as fixed by the board, but not less than 514 per conections as amendments. Of the 35 items disagreed to the cent per annum. During any period in which the vessel is. operated Senate asked that 27 of them be restored, and the House in foreign trade the rate shall be the lowest rate or yield (to the nearest conferees agreed thereto. one-eighth of 1 per cent) of any Government obligation outstandirrg at The Senate took exception to 16 of the 133 House bills and the time the loan is made by the board, as certified by the Secretary agreed to the retention of 3 o-f them. of the· Treasury to the board upon its request. The board may pre­ HAROLD KNUTSON, scribe rules for determining the amount of interest payable under the J. M. ROBSION, provisions of this paragraph. WILLIAM c. HAMMER, "(e) No loan shall be for a greater sum than three-fourths the cost Managm·s on the part of the House. of the vessel or vessels to be constructed or than three-fourths the cost of the reconditioning, remodeling, improving, or equipping hereinbefore The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the confer­ authorized for a vessel already built. ence report.- "(f) The board shall require such security as it shall deem necessary The conference report was agreed to. to insure the completion of the construction, reconditioning, remodel­ DE-SIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE FOR SUNDAY ing, improving, or equipping of the vessel within a reasonable time and the repayment of the loan with interest; when the construction, The SPEAKER. The Chair designates the gentleman from reconditioning, remodeling, improving, or equipping of the ves el is com­ M:as achusetts [Mr. TREADWAY] to preside as Speaker pro tem­ pleted the security shall include a preferred mortgage on the vessel, pore on to-morrow, Sunday. complying with the provisions of the ship mortgage act, 1920 (U. S. S. MERCHANT MARINE Code title 46, ch. 25), which mortgage shall contain appropriate cove­ I\Ir. WHITE of Maine. 1\fr. Speaker, I move that the House nants and provisions to insure the proper physical maintenance of the re olve itself into Committee of the Whole Honse on the state vessel, and its protection against liens for taxes, penalties, claims, · or of the Union for the further consideration of the bill S. 744. liabilities of any kind whatever, which might impair the security for 'l'he motion was agreed to. the debt. It shall also contain any other covenants and provisions The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAM­ the board may prescribe, includin.; a provision for the summary matur­ TON] will please take the chair. ing of the entire debt, for causes to be enumerated in the mortgage. •7896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE !fAY 5 "(g) The board shall also require and the secutity furnished shall Mr. WAINWRIGHT. I will ask the gentleman, who I know provide that the owner of the vessel shall keep the same insured against is so devoted to the principles involved in this bill, whether lte loss or damage by fire, and against murine risks and disasters, and does not think, in view of the object..: to be accomplished, that against any and all othet· insurable risk the board specifies, with such $10,000,000 is altogether too little. · insurance companies, associations, or underwriters, and under such 1\Ir. WOOD. Possibly that may be true, but I wanted to fix fot·ms of policies and to· such amount as the board may prescribe or some figure so I could get an expression from the committee, apprnve; such insurance shall be made payable to the board and/or to which has been given this measure great consideration. the parties, as interest may appear. The board is authorized to enter Mr. DYER. Will the gentleman yield? into any agreement that it deems wise in respect to the payment and Mr. WOOD. Yes. for the guaranty of premium'S of insurance." Mr. DYER. Would not the gentleman's amendment interfere (b) Section 11 of the merchant marine act, 1920, as in force im­ with the reconditioning of some of the ships if the Shipping mediately prior to the enactment of this act, shall remain in force in Board should desire to have some of them reconditioned, and, respect of all loans made before the enactment of this act. pP.rhaps, install the most up-to-date machinery and engines as Mr. ·wHITE of Maine. 1\Ir. Chairman, I offer an amendment well as the Dieselization of some of. them"? Would not the by authority of the Committee on the Merchant l\farine and gentleman's amendment interfere with that? Fisheries. Mr. WOOD. The only possible way it might interfere would. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment be because the amount to which it is limited is too small. . offered by the gentleman from Maine. Mr. DYER. It might be possible that the amount suggested The Clerk read as follows: in the gentleman's amendment would not be sufficient to do that. Committee amendment offered by Mr. WmTE of Maine: Page 7, at Mr. WOOD. As I say, if this figure is too small, it can be the end of line 18, insert after the word "obligation " the words "bear­ increased to a proper amount. I have introduced this amend­ ing a date of issue subsequent to April 6, 1917, except postal savings ment. for the purpose of advising this committee of the possi­ bonds and." bilities of abuse, and it is for the committee to determine whether or not there should be a limitation and determine the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ amount of that limitation. I would ·like to bear from the chair- ment. man of the committee. · The amendment was agreed to. Mr. WHITE of 1\Iaine. Has the gentleman yielded the floor? Mr. l\101\TTAGUID. 1\fr. Chairman, I wish to ask the chair­ Mr. WOOD. Yes; I yield the floor. man of the committee one question. On page 6, line 12, you use l\Ir. WHITE of 1\Iaine. l\lr. Chairman, I rise in opposition the words " engines, machinery, and commercial appliances. I to the amendment. It seems to me there are two solid grounds was a little curious to know what .you meant by commercial of opposition. In the first place, we are embarking here, as . we appliances. hope, upon a far-reaching program of the construction of new Mr. WHITE of Maine. I will say for the information of the ships in American yards for the carriage of AmeJ;ican goods. gentleman that that is the language of existing law. It has Necessarily we must impose in some governmental agency a been on the statute books now for something more than eight large degree of authority and in them we must have a ·ub· years. We ieft · it as it was. The only change made by this stantial degree of confidence, if you are to have the flexibility section on this paragraph of the existing law is in the inclusion necessary to achieve the results which are sought. I am op­ in lines 16 and 17 of the words "or in the reconditioning, re­ posed to this amendment in the first instance because it ties· the modeling, or improvement." We have somewhat expanded , in hands arid circumscribes and limits the exercise of judgment that respect the scope of, this paragraph. Otherwise it stands and discretion of the very body to which we must look for the unchanged. execution of this law. I am opposed to it in the second plac~ Mr.' MONTAGUE. As to the words "commercial appliances," because as a practical proposition I have hopes, and I think I confess my ignorance of the definition. the other members of the l\Ierchant Marine Committee have Mr. DAVIS. That has reference to hoisting' apparatu.s for hopes, that there will be begun the construction of vessels which loading and unloading. . may call in a single year for loans in excess of $10,000,000. Mr. MONTAGUE. I should say that was mechanical. You can not build under that amendment a single ship costing Mr. WHITE of Maine. All these are appliances for handling $15,000,000 if the builder had to rely to the extent we authorize of cargo and facilitating loading and unloading, and so forth. in this bill upon the Shipping Board for funds. Mr. WOOD. l\fr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. 1\fr. DYER. Will the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment Mr. WHITE of Maine. Yes. offered by the gentleman from Indiana. Mr. DYER. Would the language as contained in this section The Clerk read as follows : prevent the Shipping Board from reconditioning a ship if they Amendment offered by Mr. Wooo: Page 6, after the word "built,'' wanted to do so? insert "Provided, That the amount of the loan to any person or citizen Mr. WHITE of Maine. 'l'he gentleman means under the of the United States in any calendar year shall not exceed the sum of amendment? $10,000,000." Mr. DYER. No; under the section as written in the bill. Mr. WHITE of Maine. Let me confine myself to the amend­ Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I desire to say that the figure ment. I have placed as the limitation here may be too small, but I feel Mr. DYER. In any event, this amendment would interfere that some limit~tion should be placed upon the amount that with that. may be loaned to any one firm or corporation in any one year. Mr. WHITE of Maine. I think it would. I think it limits My reason for thinking that this amendment should be made in all directions and in every way the authority which we must and that it would add strength to this bill is that I can conceive put somewhere, and in this case that authority is ve ted in of a possibility where there might be half a dozen different con­ the Shipping Board. Now, what is happening illustrates, as cerns, maybe more, some of them desiring larger and some it has been illustrated over and over again, the weakness of our smaller amounts, and I could conceive a scheme whereby one or whole attitude toward the merchant marine. 'Ve are not will­ two concerns might borrow all this $125,GOO,OOO in one year, ing to go ahead and allow anybody to woTk out a program and to the deprivation and perhaps to the detriment of other bidders perfect a program for an American merchant marine, but we are or people desiring loans, and to the detriment of the merchant trying in this legislative body to tie it down, circum cribe it, marine. put handicaps in tlle way, and embarrass the free exercise of I felt I should bring this to the attention of the committee, discretion and withhold that help which I conceive the Ameri­ in orde·r that it might be considered, for the purpose of avoid­ can people want to i·ender to the American merchant marine. ing any possibility or probability of injury being done to the , l\Ir. WAINWRIGHT. Will the gentleman yield? . loan fund. Me. WHI'IE of 1\faine. Yes. Mr. WAINWRIGHT. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WAINWRIGHT. Is it not a fact that under the law Mr. WOOD. Yes. to-day the Shipping Board bas bad entire discretion with ref­ 1\lr. WAINWRIGHT. The gentleman's amendment fixes erence to the present loan construction fund, which now $10,000,000 a~ the amount which can be loaned in any one year? amounts to over $100,000,000? Mr. WOOD. Ten million dollars ; yes. 1\fr. WHITE of l\Iaine. 'l'here is absolutely no limit of the Mr. WAINWRIGHT. I call the gentleman's attention to the character suggested here in the handling of the pre ent con­ fact that that probably would not build one 15,00{}-ton ship. struction loan fund. You are injecting an entirely new ele­ Mr. WOOD. You can not build a 15,00{}-ton ship in one ment of a restrictive nature, when every effort of ours ought year, either. As I have said, I am not wedded to the figure of to be for enlarging the authority and showing a degTee of $10,000,000. I do not know whether the committee in ~onsider­ liberality toward this indu ·try and toward our commerce. , ing this bill gave this proposition any consideration at all or _ 1\Ir. BLACK of New York. The loans are not to be on a conl:!ide!:ed whether a limitation shQuld be pla,ced upon it. yearly basis, anyway, are they? 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ,7897 Mr. WHITE of Maine. We b<>pe and we believe it essential Mr. WOOD. If I bave, it bas been a woeful failure. tbat the loans shall be for long periods of tinie because it is Mr. WAINWRIGHT. Mr. Chai1·man and gentlemen of the inconceivable to us that you will find Amelican sbip operators committee, I rise to oppose the amendment. and American shipbuilders start in on a program i£ it is to be. It strikes me this amendment will have the effect· of neutral­ from hand to mouth, from y·ear to year. No one is· going to izing and defeating the very purpose of the bill which is to inve t $10,000,000 or $15,000,000 in a great and hazardous liberalize the present construction-loan privilege. If adopted undertaking of this character unless the loan is for a long it will deprive the Shipping Board of the unlimited jurisdiction period of time and upon liberal terms. and the power they have to-------$9,000 _ _...._acted into law. [Applause.] SUBPROFESSIONAL SERVICE Mr-:- ~L'AND. l\Ir. Chairman, I approve of everything that Grade 1 b · been said by the gentleman from New York, and I suggest E:d ting law------$900, $960, $1,020, $1,080, $1,140, $1,200, $1,260 to him, in addition to what he has said, that before a. man can Welch bill______$1,020, $1,080, $1,140, $1,200, $1,260, $1,320 secure his contract for three-quarters of the construction of .a Grade e ship ·he has got to have in hand or make provision for one­ Existing law ______$1,140, $1,200, $1,260, $1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500 quarter of the co t of the ship; he has to have the available Welch bill______$1,260, $1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500, $1,560 fund . Furthermore, three-quarters of the cost of the ship is GradeS in Existing law______$1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500, $1,560, $1,620, $1,G80 not turned over to him cash, but, as my friend has suggested, Welch bill______$1,440, $1,500, $1,560, $1,620, $1,680, $1,74.0 is paid out as the work proceeds. The purpose is so that we Grade 4 are to get a merchant marine of modern ship that can be effi­ Existing law______$1,500, $1,560, $1,620, 1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860 ciently and economically operated as quickly as po ible. , · Welch bill______$1,620, $1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860, $1,920 1\fr. WAI~~' RIGHT. If the gentleman will yield, if we can Grade5 tru ·t the Shipping Board with the tremendou investment that Existing law ______$1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860, $1,920, $1,980, $2,040 we already have and with the re~ponsibility they are already. Welch bill______$1,800, $1,860, $1,920, $1,980, $2,040 entru ted with, we can trn t them in this particular. Grade 6 Existing law------$1,860, $1,920, $2,000, $2,100, $2,200, 2,300, $2,400 l\Ir. BLAND. Certainly. And, further, they investigate the Welch bill______$2,000, $2,100, $2,200, 2,300, $2,400 condition of the applicant when be files his application for the Grade 7 money. As I said a moment ago, the money can only be ad­ Existing law ______$2,100, $2,200, 2,300, $2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700 vanced as the work proceeds with the construction. In other Welch bilL______. $2,300, $2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700 word , the other party must first put ·up the one-quarter. Grade 8 Existing law------$2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000 Mr. GIFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? Welch bill______$2,600, $2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000 l\fr. BLAND. Certainly. Mr. GIFFORD. I would like to suggest also that they might CLERICAL, ADlfiNlSTRATfVE, AND FISCAL SERVICE overcome the difference of cost at home and ·abroad if they Grade 1 Existing law------$1,140, $1,200, $1,260, $1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500, would build two or more ~hips at the arne time. Welch bill______$1,260, $1~320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500, 1,560 l\Ir. BLAND. Yes; if we could get two at the same time Grade S it would materially reduce the co t. Existing law______$1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500, $1,560, $1,620, $1,680, l\fr. .Al\"DRESEN. Will the gentleman yield? Welch bilL______$1,440, $1,500, $1,560, $1,620, $1,680, $1,740 l\lr. BLAND. I will. GradeS 1\lr. Al\"DRESEN. Does the bill permit the construction of Existing law______$1,500, $1,560, $1,620, $1,680, $1,74-0, $1,800, $1,860, hip on the Great Lakes and rivers? Welch bill______$1,620, $1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860,$1,920 Mr. B~.AND. Yes; that is, ships in foreign trade. Grade 4 Existing law______$1,680, $1,740, $1, 00, $1,860, $1,920, $1,980, $2,040, The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered Welch bilL______$1,800, $1,860, $1,920, $1,980, $2,040, $2,100 by the gentleman from Indiana. Grade 5 The question wa taken, and the amendment was rejected. Existing law ______$1,860, $1,920, $2,000, $2,100, 2,200, $2,300, $2,400 1\Ir. WOODRUl\I. l\Ir. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent Welch bilL______$2,000, $2,100, $2,200, $2,300, $2,400 to proceed out of order for one minute. Grade 6 Tile CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Virginia asks unani­ Existing law ______$2,100, $2,200, $2,300, $2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700 Welch bilL______$2,300, $2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700 mou. consent to proceed out of order for one minute. Is there Grade 7 objection? Existing law ______: ______$2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000 There was no objection. Welch bilL ______:.______$2,600, $2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000 1\lr. WOODRUM. l\Ir. Chairman., I ask for this time to put Grade 8 into the RECORD orne information which I think will be of Eristing law ______$2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000, $3,100, $3,200, $3,300 interest to the Members of the House. On Monday the House Welch bilL------$2,900, $3,000, $3,100, $3,200, $3,300 . J

1928 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE .7899

GradeD lt1r. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following ·amend­ Existing law ______$3,000, $3,100, $3,200, $3,300, $3,400, $3$3,500, ~·~ ment, which I send to the desk. Welch bilL______$3,200, $3,300, $3,400, ,500, , The Clerk read as follows: Grade 10 Existing law______._____ $3,300, $3,400, $3,500, $3,600, $3,700, ~~&g· ~·~ Amendment by M:r. Wooo: Page 10, after line 6, insert a new section, Welch bilL------$3,500, $3,600, $3,700, , , , as follows: Grade 11 "SEc. 303. The board is hereby authorized and dh·ected to make Existing law ______$3,800, $4,000, $4,200, $4,400, $4,600, $4,800, $5,000 Welch bill ______$3,800, $4,000, $4,200, $4,400 loans from the construction loan fund for the total cost of construc­ tion of vessels for service in the foreign trade for citizens of the Grade 1t . E:xisting law------$5,200, $5,400, $5,600, $5,800, $6,000 United States. Such vessels shall be constructed in American shipyards Welch bilL------$4,600, $4,800, $5,000, $5,200 and according to designs approved by the board. Such sums as may be Grade 1~ loaned for such construction shall be repaid to the construction loan Existing law ______$6,000, $6,500, $7,000, $7,500 $6 Welch bilL ______$5,600, $5,800, $6,000, $6,200, ·400 fund by the purchaser of such newly constructed vessels within a period of 20 years: Providea, That the contract and prefened mortgage guar­ Grade 14 anteeing the service in the foreign trade shall provide for an initial paymE!nt of 5 per cent of the cost of the vessel on the making of the ~~f~IDgJf_~:~======~:~. $7,000, $7,500 contract, and 5 per cent annually thereafter. Grade 15 (new qTade) $ " The provisions of this section shall not apply to vessels entitled Welch bill------$8,000, $8,500, 9, 000 to the benefits of Title IV of this act relating to the transportation of Grade 16 (new grade} foreign mails." Welch bill (executive positions to be specifically authorized in excess of $9,000)_ $9,000 Mr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amend­ CUSTODIAL SERVICE ment to the amendment by inserting the words " and Govern­ Grade 1 ment navy yards" after the words "American shipyards." Existlnglaw ______$600,$630,$660, $6!10, $720,$760,$780 $84 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana has the Welch bill ______·------$600, $660, $720, $780, 0 fioor. The gentleman from New York will have an opportunity GradeS to offer his amendment later. Existing law ______~- $780, $840, $900, $960, $1,020, $1,080, $1,140 Welch bilL ______$1,080, $1,140, $1,200, $1,260, $1,320, $1,380 Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, yesterday I made a few re­ Grade~ marks in which I attempted to point out to the committee the Existing Jaw----·------$900, $960, $1,020, $1,080, $1,140, $1,200, $1,260 necessity for something being done for the cargo ships. I then Welch bilL ______$1,200, $1,260, $1,320, $1,380, $1,440, 1,500 stated, and I reiterate it now, that 1 am heartily in favor Grade 4 of everything there is in this bill and intend to support it. I Existing law_------$1,140, $1,200, $1,260, $1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500 do feel, howeve!', that there has been great neglect of the Welch bill·------$1,320, $1,380, $1,440, $1,500, $1,560, $1,620 cargo ships. We have about six or seven lines that carry the Grade5 United States mails. They will be benefited, and perhaps Existing law______$1,320, $1,380, 1,440, $1,500, $1,560, $1,620,$1,680 Welch bill ______$1,500, $1,560, $1,620, $1,680, $1,740, $1,800 made to pro per by reason of the mail subvention. The vru t majority of our routes, however, are not mail routes; they are Grade 6 Existing law ____ : ______$1,500, $1,:;60, $1,620, $1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860 cargo routes, going to the farthermost parts of the earth. Welch bill ______$1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860, $1,920, $1,!180 Unless something is done for them I am fearful that they Grade 7 can not long endure, or that when the vessels employed on the E:risting law ______$1,680, $1,740, $1,800, $1,860, $1,920, $1,980, $2,040 present routes become obsolete they will fade away, as our Welch bilL ______$1,860, $1,920, $1,980, $2,040, $2,100, $2,200 ships did fade away in the decline of the once mighty fleet Grade 8 that we had. Existing law ______$1,860, $1,920, 2,000, $2,100, ~,200, $2,300,$2,400 The amendment that I have offered provides a remedy Welch bill ______$2,000, $2,100, $2,200, $2,300, $2,400, whereby the cargo ships may be maintained. To my mind it Grade 9 is far more important to the United States to-day, far more Existing law ______$2,100, $2,200, $2,300, $2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700 important to the industries of the country, far more important Welch bilL------$2,300, $2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,70CJ Grade 10 to agriculture, which is suffering to-day, that we have some Existing law______$2,400, $2,500, $2,600, $2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000 agency to expand our trade into European and South American Welch bilL------$2,600, $2,700, $2,800, $2,900, $3,000 nations. Charwomen (working part lime} Mr. LAGUARDIA. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WOOD. Yes. ~~~~Jf-~---~======!~ ~~~ i:~ ~~: Mr. LAGUARDIA. Does the gentleman's amendment pro­ Hetul charwomen vide for tbe loan of the total amount necessary to build the ships? w~~~nsJf~-~======~ ~~~ =~~~ 1.\'Ir. WOOD. Yes. It doe · provide for the total amount, CLERICAL-MECHANICAL SERVICE but 5 per cent of that amount must be paid at the time the Grade 1 contract was entered into. In other words, it pro\ides for a ~x~~ngi 1~~:_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-:_-:_-_-_-_-:-_~~-~g~_-_- iJ g:~£:: gg :~~~ loan of 95 per cent. 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. All the borrower would have to pro­ . Grade! duce is 5 per cent of the value of the ship. 1\Ir. WOOD. That i what he would ha"Ve to produce. The ~~~tn~Jr~------~= ·======:~-~-~~~~== g~ :~~~: ~ ~~~ title of the ship would remain in the United States Government Grade~ until the last payment has been made.' If our trade relations w:~~n~j\t~---~====~======-=-~~rJ~~== ~ :~~!: ~g ~~~ are to be extended, if our merchant. marine is to do the work Grade 4 that we would have it do, if it is to be an agency of good for the United States, and all of the industries of the United ~~~n~J[~-~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~.~~~~: :g :~~; r.J :~~~ States, then we ha"Ve to look to the cargo ships to do the Tbe Clerk read as follows: major part of that work. In time of peace it will be the ad\ance agent of peace, the advance agent of good will of the INCREASE OF CONSTRUCTION LOAN FUND United States into these foreign countries, and in time of war SEC. 302. (a) There is authorized to be appropriated, to be credited it will be the right arm of the Navy. to and for the purposes of the construction loan fund created by sec­ Mr. KINDRED. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? tion 11 of the merchant marine act, 1920, as amended, such amounts Mr. ·wooD. Yes. as will, when added to the amounts credited to such fund by the United Mr. KINDRED. Does the gentleman think that this amend­ States Shipping Board under authority of law (exclusive of repaym~nts ment will suffer the handicaps that will still exist to the on loans from the fond), make the aggregate of the amounts credited cargo carriers because of the La Follette law? to 6 och fund (excluRive of such repayments) equal to $250,000,000. Mr. WOOD. Yes. I adverted to that yesterday. I do not (b) When $250,000,000 has been credited to such fund (whether by think the La Follette law is as much of a handicap as some the board under authority of law or from appropriations authorized people would believe, and I spoke at some length on that yester­ by this section, but exclusive of repayments on loans from the fond) day. Now that it has been estimated, I do think, in fact, it is then no further sums (except such repayments) shall be credited by almost certain that the differential in cost of building in the the board to such fund. Unitfld States as compared with the cost of building in foreign (c) The construction loan fund shall continue to be a revolving fund. countries is a little more than 4 per cent. The amendment Repayments on loans from the fund shall be credited to the fond, but that I have offered would save to the buyer .of the shlps an interest on such loans shall be cover-ed into the Treasury as miscel- amount equal to about 5 per cent~ and that might cover all of laneous receipts. · the differences to which the gentleman has alluded. 7900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ~lAY 5 - Mr. LA.GUARDIA. Is not the danger of the gentleman's Mr. WIDTE of Maine. Mr: Chairman, I rise in opposition amendment this: That with only 5 per cent of an investment in to the amendment. the ship the owner of the ship would operate the vessel for, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Maine is recognized. ay, four years, -permitting his ship meanwhile to run down, Mr. WHITE of Maine. I have a very keen appreciation of without doing the necessary repair , and then turn the ship the interest of the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Wooo] in this back to the Government? subject of the merchant marine, and I know the study h·e has Mr. WOOD. That would be impossible for the reason that given to the problem and the extensive knowledge he possesses, this is the property of the United States, "\\-ith all of tlle super­ and when I find myself in disagreement with him I somewhat vi ory power of the United States to protect it in every detail. doubt the w:isdom ·of my own action. But I am constrained to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Indiana say that in this particular instance I am in disagreement with has expired. him, and I hope the amendment will not prevail. Mr. 'VOOD. Mr. Chai1·man, I aRk unanimous consent for five The members of the Committee on the Merchant Marine and minutes more. Fisheries are vitally interested in the cargo ships as well as in Tlle CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? the passenger and cargo-liner type of ships. I think myself There was no objection. as do others who have studied this· question, that you are neTer Mr. WOOD. So that the Government of the United States going to obtain the results and you are never going to see an would be protected to exercise its good judgment in the first American merchant marine built of the right type and char­ place before it ever made a loan of this character. You are acter and carrying cargoes as we desire unless there is an indi­ doing for these other ship:s; why not give tlle cargo ships some­ vidual responsibility for that ship, the burden of financial thing? It is admitted by all who have given this question study interest" wliich the man who owns and operates the ship must that the cargo ship that has no subvention whatever, that has feel. He must be under the constant stress of exercising initia­ no relief whatever, except the relief it may get by its own exer­ tive, industry, ingenuity, and 7-eRl in the ta ·k which the ship tion in the carrying trade of the United States, can not survive devolves upon him. On the other hand, when that man bas no without aid. I think there can be nodi ·pute about that proposi- financial interest in that ship and the entire financial risk is tion. , borne by the Government, there is lacking the Yery urge that If we would have a merchant marine that is composed en­ makes for success in operation ; and under the amendment tirely of those ships that are carrying mail or being llelped in offered by the gentleman from Indiana the entire risk would IJe some part by the carrying of mail, it will not be long before we borne by the Go\ernment of the United States and there wonld will not be a dot on the sea, and we will not be carrying near be no responsibility on the man himself. I am against the gen­ the proportion of the commerce of the United States that we are tleman's amendment on that ground. carrying to-day. So that it is worth while that you give this Now, we have not neglected altogether the cargo ships. In matter careful attention. This amendment no doubt will fail, this provision of the bill providing for ocean-mail pay we as did the one I offered a while ago, but I may say I am more have provided that ships of as low a speed as 10 knots shall in earnest about this one than about that, because I feel, by be entitled to mail compensation, and we have provided that rea on of my information and study, that the cargo ships of this ships of as low a tonnage as 2,500 gross tons can compete for country are vastly more important than the passenger ships, mail contracts. and unless they have some help from somewhere they are not I venture the assertion that a large body of ships that will likely to succeed. I believe that what I am saying will bear be eligible for mail contracts will fall within the class that may fruit, and IJefore Congress reas embles next session the facts of as appropriately be termed cargo carriers as passenger ves els. the situation will become manifest. It seems to me we ought to place a premium-and thi bill 1\lr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ does it-upon the speedier ships. I do not believe it is wioe at man yield? this time to go to the extent of the amendment of the gentleman 1\lr. WOOD. Yes. from Indiana. I hope it will not prevail. Mr. BLACK of New York. Has the gentleman any amend­ 1\fr. HUDSON. 1r. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ment to suggest whereby the merchant ships may be built in 1\fr. WHITE of Maine. ·Yes. the Government navy yards? Mr. HUDSON. Will the cargo vessel that can not aehieve Mr. WOOD. If the building of a ship is provided for in a tlle greater speed receive a contract? Would such vessels get private shipyard, they must keep their contract or be liable any contract? on their b()nd; but a United States 'llavy yard may under­ take in good faith to build a ship within the time and. at the Mr. WHITE of Maine. Many ships now having a speed of price stipulated, but if it fails to do it there is no remedy and not much in excess of 10 knots are receiving mail contracts. no recour.:e; so that if we are in earnest about this, we ought We have written into this bill in express terms that a ves~l to give the builder every possible advantage. If a ship can under contrac-t for the carriage of mail may also carry express be manufactured more cheaply in a navy yard than in a private and engage in general commercial business. I can illustrate shipyard, let it be built there. On the other hand, if it can what might happen in a particular line. T'ake the Export Line, be built more cheaply at a private shipyard than in a Govern­ running out of New York, 21 vessels running into the Mediter­ ment navy yard, let it be built there. ranean area, and none of them exceeding 10% knots. :Mr. LAGUARDIA. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield That line to-day enjoys the benefit of a mail contract, and there? there is every reason to believe that under the provisions of this 1\lr. WOOD. Yes. bill it also will have that privilege and be under contract to Mr. LAGUARDIA. If a ship is destroyed by fire while under carry the mails of the United States. construction, who is liable for the value of the ship? Who is Mr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amend­ re,· ponsible under the law? ment to the amendment. l\fr. WOOD. I should say the insurance company would The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York offers an su tain that loss. amendment, which the Clerk will report. · · 1\'Ir. WAINWRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman The Clerk read as follows : yield'? Amendment offered by :Mr. BLACK of New York to the amendment Mr. WOOD. Yes. offered by Mr. Wooo: In line 5 of the proposed amendment, after the Mr. WA-INWRIGHT. Where do you draw the line whereby word " shipyards," insert "and United States Government navy yards." they can go and borrow on a ship up to 75 per cent and up to 95 per cent? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York is recog- Mr. WOOD. I have a provision attached to this amendment nized for five minutes. • which prt apply to vessels entitled to off· on a tangent and precipitate a fight between the navy yards the benefit of Title IV of this act relating to the transportation of an.d the shipyards, but the whole scheme of this bill calls for foreign ·mail. the general upbuilding of shipping conditions in this country, So that this would not necessarily involve a subsidy or any and the navy yards are specifically mentioned in the earlier other character of help. parts of the bill. I think it was the intention that not only 1\lr. LAGUARDIA. Does the gentleman contend that if the would private yards be used but navy yards. I do not want ship is insured against accident and carries marine insurance to go into any discussion with the gentleman from Indiana as the insurance company must cover all the losses? to the relative costs of navy yards and private shipyards. I Mr. WOOD. If it was a - total loss, then there might be see my friend from Virginia waiting for me, too. some. loss to the Government. I only offer this amendment so that in case the amendment Mr. BLACK· of New York. I have an amendment which I · offered by the gentleman from Indiana is adopted the navy wish to have read. yards will be considered. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .7901 I do not agree with the amendment offered by the gentleman seaports as a result of the development and completion of the from Indiana, but it is welcome, though, to find that .the new proposal in regard to deepening the h:ubors of the Lakes and chairman of the Committee on Appropriations is going to be the regulation of the St. Lawrence River. I want to see the so liberal with Government funds. By this amendment he is waterways of this great ~ountry developed SQ that the dream of perfectly agreeable to have any fly-by-night gentleman, whether Mr. Hoover-and I am not referring to him with any political he be the repre entative of a shipyard or not, come along and purpose _in view, my friends-! want his dream to become an get from the Government 95 per cent of the money necessary actuality. I want to see the waterways of our country become to construct a cargo ship, and then in order to protect the such a great asset from the standpoint of navigation and power Government a little bit more he insists that the navy yards and irrigation and all of the other ancillary developments that have nothing to do with it. go with these factors, so that they will become the greatest The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment to the assets the Nation possesses. I do not want them to continue amendment. the tremendous liability that they are to-day. The amendment was rejected. I believe the Congress is in a position, by waving the con­ The CHAIRMAN. The question now is on the amendment gressional wand, more powerful than a magician's wand, to offered by the gentleman from Indiana. convert that terrific, that dreadful, that appalling liability­ The amendment was rejected. annual floods--into an asset of incalculable value to the whole Mr. O'CONNOR of Louisiana. Mr. Chairman, I move to country. strike out the last word. With our waterways developed, the Mississippi and its great The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Louisiana is recog- tributaries and the other great rivers that are arteries of com­ nized for five minutes. merce, or should be arteries of commerce, to the United States Mr. O'CONNOR of Louisiana. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of America, with well-developed harbors on the Gulf coast and of the committee, I did not enjoy the privilege of any time under the Atlantic coast, and the Pacific coast, I feel that that United general debate to express my approval and approbation of the States may become self-contained, and should the grim necessity pending bill. Consequently I have availed myself of this pro ever require it, look across the seas and say to any threat, "I forma motion to say a few words in behalf of it. I do not am the master of my fate." know that the committee will profit by anything I may have The CHAIRl\IAN. The time of the gentleman from Louisiana to say, because I believe the country is pretty well sold upQn bas expired. the bill as it has been presente.d to the House. If there be any l\Ir. O'CONNOR of Louisiana. 1\Ir. Chairman, I ask unani­ defects in it, time will show those defects and I am quite sure mous consent to proceed for five minutes more. proper legislation will remedy them. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the 'Ve are all glad that the Congress has expressed legislatively gentleman from Louisiana? to the people of this country the h()pe that it has entertained :Mr. GARBER. I hope no gentleman will object. The gentle­ so long and has· vindicated that hope that the American flag man is making one of the most interesting speeches I have ever is on the seas to stay and that it is a- monition to all the peoples heard on this floor. across the Atlantic and the Pacific that the flag of our country The CHAIRMAN. I there objection to the request of the will be seen in all the ports of the world from now on. I am gentleman from Louisiana? · glad of it not only for the commercial rea ons involved, my There was no objection. friends, but for the patriotic reasons that are inseparably asso­ Mr. O'CONNOR of Louisiana. The time is not far distant, ciated with this great enterprise. my friends, when there will be no such thing as a surplus of I remember years ago when the American fleet made a agricultural products in the United States of America. The journey around the world that it had to be accompanied with natural increase in our population will make for a consumption hired colliers and with ve sels which are to-day regarded as of all of the s~called surpluses we have to-day. Soon this coun­ absolutely essential to a perfect naval establishment and a try will have to look to other sources for raw material. I be­ fitting complement to it. Of course, that condition could not lieve that all the economists of America agree that that field remain long without attracting the attention of the American will lie in southern seas, that it is down in Mexico and the people. Again in 1898 we felt the nece sity of that auxiliary middle Americas and in South America that we will have to get which would perfect our Naval Establishment, because we our raw material, exchanging for that raw material our fabri­ had to hire vessels in order to make effective our warships. cated or our finished products. It is therefore essential Ulat Even in the World War we were at a sad disadvantage for the lines running out of the Gulf ports should be there to accommo­ very evident reason that we were not supplied with those date, promote, and stimulate the great n·ade that is to come to auxiliaries and with those indispensables that would make the us within a quarter of a century from those beautiful counh·ies Naval Establishment completely effective, and that is the only that lie to the south of us. reason for a naval establishment-t() be effective. Somebody said recently that our exports, after all, were but I am glad of it also for the reason, my friends, that under 7 or 8 per cent of the total commerce of the United States, and the operation of this act a strong tendency will be put into that if the internal commerce were stimulated to a proper ex­ motion to continue the development of all our seaports. No tent, we would not have to care much about the export trade. one in our country is any more proud of the great metropolis Even though it superficially may appear statistically correct of the United States of America than I am. I look at the great and satisfying to us should we have to live within our shell skyscrapers, the wonderful bridges and tunnels, and the mag­ for a while. Of course, there is somewhat of a fallacy in this, nificent enterprise of New York with an admiring eye, the same, my friends, for even though exports in percentage values to the I suppose, as all Americans cast upon that wonderful city that entire h-ade, foreign and domestic, are small relatively, yet 50 has been alluded to as Babylon and Rome combined and, as one per cent of our cotton is involved in that export trade. of the great Louisiana writers, Lafcadio Hearn, bas said: I do not know, my friends, that I am going to take up the additional five minutes, but before I close I want to say this, Miles of marble and tons of steel, because I believe it is an encomium that ought to be bestowed Mountains of granite and peaks of steel. upon a gentleman who bas played the part of a watchman We are all proud of that, but we can not forget the fact that upon the towers during many years here in the House. Though during the World War there was a tremendous congestion in he is far from the seacoast, born and reared in Tennessee, he the harbor of that great city. Railroad cars were bringing has given his great talent in this House for the promotion of fi·eight in to be carried across the ocean to our armies, but as a the public welfare, it is true, as a general proposition, but we result of that terrific congestion the vessels lying in the Bay of of the South could not help but feel that his splendid efforts New York were unable to go out because they were unable to were largely going to inure to the greater glory of the people take on the cargoes that were destined for our armies. This .of the Southland, among whom he was born and reared. Giv­ condition could have become an appalling menace. ing clue credit to all the members of the committee, we of the We want New York to prosper. We want it to grow great South can never forget the services rendered by EWIN DAVIS, and magnificent and to be the attractive city of the world for of the great Commonwealth of Tennessee, far from the sea­ many generations to come, but we can not be forgetful of the shore. With no other interest than a patriotic interest to serve, fact that the needs of the country require the development of he has gone forward night and day preaching the doctrine of a other ports, because no one knows when the bugle may be again merchant· marine, knowing it would be for the best interests sounded and when, unfortunately for the world and for hu­ of the country from every imaginable standpoint. manity and for our country, we may have to cross the seas Those that were born by the sea will die by the sea and those again in ·Qrder to maintain O"Qr honor, our dignity, and last but that were reared in the mountains will make their last home not least, our own material interests. there, but EWIN DAVIS, coming from a mountain country, has I want to see the harbors of the Atlantic coast developed. sought the sea and has given his great service to the promotion I want to see the harbors of the Gulf coast developed and those of the vessels, the riders of the sea, that will go out from our of the Pacific coast. I want the Great Lakes' cities to become country to all the ports of the world. I wish to · congratulate 7902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE ~{AY 5 I I him and to thank this committee for the kind attention they tation or exception of this · kind. Permit me to suggest to the have given to these few desultory remarks upon this great and gentleman from 1\Iaine that by so doing you may be giving an important piece of legislation. [Applause.] exclusive monopoly in perpetuity to a particular company that Let me close by saying that a paper prepared by Chairman now plies between Nova Scotia and t~e ports of the United O'Connor several· years ago on the asset our merchant marine is, States. If there is a company now operating, I do not think can not be read too often. That paper is more than an argu­ we should write into permanent law an exclusion of other lines ment. It is convincing to the point of a demonstration. It is between Nova Scotia and this country. I believe it is very dan~ unanswerable. He shows that whatever apparent deficit there gerous. I would like some information from the gentleman from might show, it was not as real as the figures would indicate, Maine. because against that stated loss were the wages paid and spent l\1r. WHITE of Maine. This provision is not as the gentleman among our merchant , the goods and foodstuffs for the pro­ suggests a limitation on the Postmaster General to contract, but visioning of our ves els, the repairs' made, the total amounts rather i · an express grant of authority to enter into contract of which in dollars that tended to prevent unemployment, which, with ve sels plying between the United States and Nova Scotia. when it does occur becomes a national concern. It is a great Before I go on I want to state to the gentleman and to the paper and should be read frequently, lest we forget. Our committee-and this is simply a repetition of what I said yes­ :fh~g is on the seas; who will dare haul it down? terday-that this tit~e of the bill is not an exclusive authority The Clerk read as follows: for the Postmaster General to provide Ior the' carriage of mail. TlTLE IV-OCEAN MAIL SERVICE There are other provision of law which are in no wise affected by this title of the bill under which the Postmaster General may · SCOPE Oil' TITLE enter into contracts. The fact, however, is-I do not want to SEC. 401. All malls of the United States carried on vessels between withhold anything from the gentleman from New York or from ports (exclusive of ports in the Dominion of Canada) between which the Hous~there is a steamship line running between the ports it is lawful under the navigation laws for a ,vessel not documented of the Atlantic coast, Boston and New York, to Yarmouth, Nova under the laws of the United States to carry merchandise shall, if Scotia. As the bill stood before the amendment was offered, practicable, be carried on vessels in respect of which a contract is made that line was excluded from an opportunity to contract under under this title. this title, and by the amendment it is made possible for the Mr. WHITE of :Maine. l\lr. Chairman, I . offer the following Postmaster General if he desires to do so to contract with the committee amendment. line for the carriage of the mail. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. LAGUARDIA. But you exclude other ports of Canada? Page 10, line 11, insert after the word " Canada" and before the Mr. WHITE of Maine. The reason for that or the fact is parenthesis the words "other than ports in Nova Scotia." that is the situation under existing law. A similar provision was written in the 1891 ocean mail act and has been on the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of the statute books for all the years. This has the approval of the gentleman from Maine. Post Office Department and was expressly recommended by the The question was taken, and the amendment was agreed to. Post Offiee Depai·tment in the discussion of the title of this The Clerk read as follows: bill. REQUIREMENTS OF POSTAL SERVICE Of course, speaking by and large the movement of mail to SEc. 402. As soon as practicable after the enactment of this act, and the Canadian point.g goes much faster by rail than by water. In from time to time thereafter, it shall be the duty of the Postmaster this particular instance the mail will move by this steamship General to certify to the United States Shipping Board what ocean line from Boston to Nova ·scotia in 16. hours, while it would mail routes, in his opinion, should be established and/or operated for take 36 hours to reach its destination by rail. the carrying of mails of the United States between ports (exclusive of 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Then, why could not you strike out the~ ports in the Dominion of Canada) between which it is lawful under the provision in parenthesis? navigation laws for a vessel not documented under the laws of the Mr. WHITE of Maine. If we struck it out it would accom­ United States to carry merchandise, distributed so as equitably to plish the same thing, but the advice of the Post Office Depart­ serve the Atlantic, M~xican Gulf, and Pacific coast ports, the volume ment was against that. In other words, they did not want to of mail then moving over such routes and the estimated volume thereof be placed in the position of having to make mail contracts by during the next five years, the times deemed by him advisable for the water to Can~ dian ports, because, except in this almo·st single departur·e of the vessels cal'l'ying · such mails, and other requirements instance, mail will move faster and more frequently by rail. necessary to provide an adequate postal service between such pflrts. Mr. LAGUARDIA. 'l'hat answers fully. Therefore I do not see the purpose of the first exclusion and then an exception to Mr. WHITE of Maine. 1\Ir. Chairman; I offer the following the exclusion. I think it is bad legislation. committee amendment. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New The Clerk read as follows : York has expired. The question is on the amendment offered Page 10, line 23, after the word " Canada " and before the paren­ by the gentleman from 1\faine. thesis insert the words " other than ports in Nova Scotia." The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows : 'l'he Clerk read as follows: VESSELS AUTHORITY TO MAKE CONTRACTS SEc. 405. (a) The vessels employed in ocean mail service under a SEC. 404. The Postmaster General is authorized to enter into con­ contract made under this title shall be steel vessels, shall be steam or tracts with citizens of the United States whose bids are accepted, for motor vessels, and shall be either (1) American-built and registered the carrying of I!i.ails between por·ts (exclusive of ports in the Dominion under the laws of the United States during the entire time of such of Canada) between which it is lawful under the navigation laws for a employment, or (2) registered under the laws of the United States not vessel not documented under the laws of the United .States to carry later than February 1, 1928, and so registered during the entire time merchandise. He shall include in such contracts such requirements of snch employment, or (3) actually ordered and under construction and conditions as in his best judgment will insure the full and efficient for the account of citizens of the United States prior to F bruary 1, performance thereof and the protection of the interests of the Govern­ 1928, and registered under the laws of the United States during the ment. Perfor·mance under any such contt·act shall begin not more than entire time of such employment. three years after the contract is let, and the term of the contract shall (b) A vessel for the ser·vices of which a contract is entered into not exceed 10 years. under authority of this title, and the constl'Uction of which is here­ after begun, shall be either (1) a vessel constructed, according to plans Mr. WHITE of Maine. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following and specifications approved by the :Secretary of the Navy, with particn· committee amendment. lar reference to economical conversion into an auxiliary naval ves ·el, The Clerk read as follows : or (2) a vessel which will be otherwise useful to the United States Page 11, line 25, after the word " Canada" and before the paren­ in time of national emergency. thesis, insert the words "other than ports in Nova Scotia." (c) Upon each departure from the United States of a vessel employed in ocean mall service under this title, three-fourths of tbe crew, exclu· The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendme,nt offered sive of licensed officers required by law, and exclusive of the steward's by the gentleman from Maine. department, shall be citizens of the United States. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I do not exactly know the purpose of this amendment. It may be that under existing con­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following ditions it may not be advisable for the Government to make amendment which I send to the desk. any contract as provided in section 402 at this time with any The Clerk read as follows : company running a line between American and Canadian ports. Amendment offered by Mr. LAGUARDIA: Page 13, line 8, strike out But there is great danger in writing into permanent law a limi- the words " and exclusive of tbe steward's department.'• 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7903

:Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chariman~ if the committee will give Chinese stewards should be paid the same rate of wages as me their attention for a few moments I desire to point out the American stewards, you will find that they will equip their importance of this amendment. It will be urged that the ships with American stewards at once. It is simply a question adoption of this amendment will make the operation of Ameri­ of getting men to work for $10 a month, and you can not get can passenger vessels difficult if not impossible. With that posi­ an American citizen to work for $10 a month and live under tion I take i. sue. The steward's department is perhaps one of the conditions that Chinese coolie labor are given on the e the most important departments on a passenger ship. It is ships. surely the most numerous. Under present condHions American Mr. SCHNEIDER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ships plying between European and Atlantic ports have loaded Mr. LAGUARDIA. Yes. their stewards' department with aliens, while we have Ameri­ Mr. SCHNEIDER. Is it not true that the sea service de­ can citizens walking the streets of New York seeking employ­ p.artment of the Shipping Board maintains a blacklist? ment. It is a matter of record that American citizens are con­ 1\fr. LAGUARDIA. Oh, do not let us get this question con­ stantly applylng to the United States Shipping Board for em­ fused with any other question. ployment, and can not obtain work by reason of the fact that You require here that. three-quarters of the crew must be the stewards' departments are recruited in English, French, American citizens. It is considered all right for American citi­ Italian, and other European ports. Beside the di crimination zens to go down into the hold and shovel coal, but in the again t the American citizens, we have this other problem, that steward's department you compel an American citizen to com­ under the immigration law now in effect, with its quota limita­ pete with the Chinaman and then the Chinaman will get the tions, every time a vessel lands they have a large number of job. You shut the door to American citizens in the steward's desertions. Many of these men take work at lower wages, department, where there is more of a future for the average having in mind the opportunity of leaving the ship at one of young man and greater earnings than there is on deck or in its calls at an American port. It will be sugge ted that it is the engine room, because for the boy who goes into the service impossible to get the kind of service these ships require if on deck the best position he can hope to obtain is that of they have to recruit three-quarters of their men in the teward's quartermaster. But the percentage of chances to such promo­ department from American citizens. I submit that if you go tion is so small that he will probably remain a seaman. But to the Mayflower Hotel, to the New Willard Hotel, to the Carl­ in the steward's department, where under proper legislation ton Hotel, or to any first-crass hotel in this country, you will he would ha-ve this chance of promotion, you shut the door. find very intelligent, courteous service, and the majorlty of the When you provide that the owners of these ships shall re­ men employed in that service are American citizens. It is not ceive these benefits from the people of the United States, citi­ true that you can not recruit sufficient men to do this work in zens of the · United States should not be excluded from the the steward's department. The answer ls this, that these com­ steward's department. If the purpose of this bill is to build _panies do not want to pay American wages, and the reason for up an American merchant marine and treat all alike we should the preference given to foreign labor is the possibility of com­ at le.ast give the American boy the same chance that you give pelling the men to live under conditions to whi<:h the ships to a Chinaman. Without my amendment it will not do it. would not dare to submit American ciUzens, and under wages Mr. WHITE of Maine rose. that no American would accept. Mrs. KAHN. Mr. Chairman I rise in opposition to the I have here a comparative table of wages paid on the steam­ amendment. ship CaJifot-nia, an English vessel, and the Ameri~~m steamer, Mr. WffiTE of Maine. I am glad to yield, Mr. Chairman, to President Wils011·, of the Dollar Line. The wages paid an able­ the lady from California. bodied seaman on the California are $43.80 a month, while the The CHAIRMAN. The Lady from California is recognized. American ship of the Dollar Line pays $10.97 a month, and why? Mrs. KAHN. Mr. Chairman, of course I am not acquainted Because the seamen are Chinese coolie labor. That is the great with the conditions in the port of New York; I do not know attraction for Chinese labor. It seems to .me that if we are anything about the conditions on the Atlantic seaboard, as here providing ways under direct subsidy and assistance to described by the gentleman from New York. But I do know American shipping, if we are providing an enormous .fund to that on the Pacific seaboard the vessels plying between San make ·loans under favorable conditions, if we are assisting Francisco and the Orient spend 75 per cent of the time in trop­ shipping in all these ways, it is only fair to insist that three­ ical waters. It has been found almost impos ible to get white quarters of the crew, including the steward's department, should seamen, particularly in the steward's department, to stand the be taken from American citizens. If the men are not available, climatic conditions that prevail in the Orient. I do not believe that matter can be easily ascertained, but there has been a dis­ they deny that they can get Am~rican citizens to fill the places. crimination in New York against American citizens in the But the American generally becomes sick; he can not stand steward's department, and .I make that statement knowingly. work in the Tropics. The ships find themselves undermanned Mr. GARBER. 1\fr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? through illne$ when they have taken on a number of American Mr. LAGUARDIA. Ye . seamen. Mr. GARBER. Can the gentleman give the number of the The Dollar Steamship Co., to which the gentleman from New personnel in the steward's department as compared with the York [l\Ir. LAGUARDIA] refened, employs Chinese in the stew­ personnel of the crew of the ship, approximately? ard department, while most of the English steamships that are Mr. LAGUARDIA. Take a ship like the Leviat114n; I would engaged in the oriental trade and all the oriental ships with say that the1·e are as many men in the steward's. department as which they must compete, employ Chinese and Lascar and ori­ there are in the engineering and the deck department combined. ental crews. I have not had time to obtain the figures or facts, The steward's department in a big ship, in a modern ocean but ! think in the case of the Dollar Steamship Co. the principal ve ei, to-day affords as many opportunities for a young man as reason for the employment of the oriental in the steward's the hotel business would. A young man can enter the service department is on account of the climatic conditions. like an English boy does on English ships, as a bell boy, and Just to show what the Dollar Steam hip Line is doing, I may work his way up to ap. assistant steward or a steward in the say that three years ago they started an around-the-world second class, and then to a cabin steward, and then into the service, and in that time it has brought new trade to this coun­ first class. There are several super_visory positions and a nian try from Penang, Singapore, and Ceylon amounting to $29,- can have his future there. Such positions as deck steward, 000,000 and increased the oriental traloyment of the aliens, and Mr. LaGUARDIA. The Shipping Board bas been called to . tb,erefore the amendment is germane and in order. account for it at various times during the last 10 years. Mr. LEHLBACH. Mr. Chairman, this bill has for its pur- 1.\fr. TREADWAY. No; the gentleman has not a case :pose the development of an American merchant marine, to assu-re again t the Shipping Board, and he knows it. its permanence in the transportation of the foreign trade of the l\Ir. LaGUARDIA. Of course I have. United States. The first portion of the bill under consideration 1\Ir. TREADWAY. And we are not here to talk politics or speaks of sales of vessels, remodeling, improving, and replacing to play to the East Side of New York. them. Title III i for construction and for the creation of a Mr. LaGUARDIA. And we are not here to talk about the fund for the construction of ships by private parties. Title IV, hotel business of the gentleman from Massachusetts, and the which is under consideration, provides for contracts by the Gov­ gentleman does not know what he is talking about. ernment with various steamship operators for carrying the mails. l\Ir. TREADWAY. Mr. Chairman, have I the floor at the In that connection we simply describe the character of the crews present time or the gentleman from New York? on the ships carrying the mails in the interest of the safety of The CHAIRMt\,N. The gentleman from 1\Iassachu ·etts has the mail transported. The subsequent sections deal merely with the floor. maintenance, and so forth. There is nothing in the title about M~. LaGUARDIA. Do not worry_ about the East Side of · the payment of seamen. The next title deals with insurance, New•York. and the next title is transportation, compelling Government offi- l\Ir. TREADWAY. We are talking about the service we need cials when traveling to travel on American-flag hips. Then fol­ to demand of these ships in order to appeal to the patrons of lows the authority for appropriations and the right of the Gov­ the "·hips ; and while I agree that we should employ American · ernment in times of an eme1>gency to requisition ves els whkh boys just as far a we can get them, I do not agree that they have received the benefits of the act. _. are discriminated against in the New York office of the Ship- There is nowhere anything in the act that remotely bas to ping Board. · do with the amount of wages or the payment of wages. The CIIAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Massa- The CHAIRMAN. The· amendment admittedly would not be chusetts has expired. in order el ·ewhere than on this subdivision that has _to do with Mr". WHITE of Maine. 1\Ir. Chairman, I move that all debate persons employed on ships.· This provf·ion has to do with the on thi · section and all amendments thereto shall close in two personnel but not at all with their wages or other r equirements minutes. than citizenship. The Chair holds that the amendment is not The motion was agreed to. germane and sustains the point of order. Mr. SCHAFER. Mr. Chairman, I did not expect to speak Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amend- to-day on this legislation, but I can not allow the statements of ment : preceding speakers to go by without making some comment. The Clerk read as follows: Following the theory of the gentlemen from 1\fassachusetts Amendment by 1\Ir. rrousTON of Hawaii: Page 13, line D, at the end and New Jer ·ey and the lady from California that it is neces- . of the line, add "or persons owing allegiance to the United States:" LXIX-498 7906 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE l\{Ay . 5 The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered to pre ent a "good will cup" from his State and to attend the by the gentleman from Hawaii. convention or send his personal representative. The very fir t Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii. 1\lr. Chairman, I would like to be cup up for this contest came from Gov. Henry S. Johnston, of heard. Oklahoma, which was, indeed, fitting and proper. A number of The CHAIRMAN. Debate has been closed on the section and foreign countries have signified their intention of bestowing all amendments thereto. " good will cups." The question is on the amendment offered by the gentleman The program for the four days as tentatively sugge ·ted by from Hawaii. the American Poultry As ociation committee promises to be one The question wa taken, and the amendment was rejected. of the most constructive ever presented by the a ociation. It Mr. FOSS. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amendment, will deal with poultry questions, issues, and problems common which I end to the desk. the world over and will be participated in by nationally and in­ The Clerk read as follows: ternationally known authorities on poultry breeding and all Amendment offered by Mr. Foss : Page 13, line 6, after the word allied phases of the industry. " title," insert the words "not less than." No convention is a perfect success where all work and no play fails to be planned, so Ardmore is making interesting and in­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the a,mendment offered tensive plans for the entertainment of her gue ts. She is to be by the g-entleman from Massachusetts. joined in this by her sister cities, each offering decidedly unique The amendment was rejected. and individual form of pleasure. Sulphur, known the country The Clerk read as follows: over for her wonderful medicinal waters, national lk'l.rk, and AWARDING CONTRACTS scenic beauty, will entertain with a swim in these wonderful SEc. 407. Each contract for the carrying of ocean mails under this waters, followed by a chicken picnic supper. Davis will enter­ title shall be awarded to the lowest bidder who, in the judgment of the tain the com·ention delegates en route to Sulphur with a water­ Postmaster General, posses es uch qualifications as to insure proper per­ melon fea t where the cutting will take place at one of the most formance of the mail service under the contract. beautiful and picturesque spots on the "Little Colorado " of Oklahoma. Mr. CARTWRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out · In a few words, the advantage to be derived by all in attend­ the last word, and a k unanimous consent to speak out of ance is the contact and informa,tion that will naturally result. order for three minutes. For the Southwest, the poultrymen hope to sell the progre The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? of this section to the older areas. There was no objection. Ardmore is cleaning hou e from garrett to cellar in honor of Mr. CARTWRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, I take advantage of the the convention. She will offer one of the mo t delightful camp opportunity to call attention to the American Poultry Associa­ sites for the comfort of motorists. This will be equipped with tion convention and the North American Poultry Show to be lights, water, and all facilities for convenience and comfort. held at .Ardmore, Okla., August 14 to 18, inclusive. In behalf She offers in the matter of hou ing facilities, comfortable of the good people of Ardmore-my district-and the State of hotels and clean and attractive cafe accommodations. Tbe loca­ Oklahoma, I desire to extend to the Members of Congress, the tion for the exhibition is all that could be desired, and the public, and especially the laymen of the poultry industi·y fine new convention hall, located in the heart of the city, will throughout North Ametica a hearty invitation to visit this seat all delegates comfortably and take care of all special ses­ beautiful and progressive city when its glory is enhanced by sions. the cackle of the hen. Highly improved roads pass through I repeat a, pressing invitation to take advantage of tbis this section from every center of population. Splendid high­ occasion. Oklahoma will throw wide her gateway , and Ard­ ways come into Ardmore like spokes into a hub. The railroad more will open her arms and extend to each and all who honor facilities are excellent and · the people are the most generous her with their presence a most cordial welcome. [Applause.] and ho pitable in the world. [Applause.] The Clerk read as follows: The poultry busine s has developed into a tremendous indus­ tt·y, and we claim that no better breeds are grown than in our CLASSDnCATION OF VESSELS section. It has been said that if all the chicken of Oklahoma SEC. 408. (a) The ve sels employed in ocean mail service under this were one chicken, he could tand on the Rocky l\Iountains, flop title shall be divided into classes as follows: his wings, and with one crow jar the bands off tbe planet Class 7. Vessels capable of maintaining a speed of 10 knots at sea Saturn. [Applause.] We are anxious for visitors to see this in ordinary weather, anu of a gross registered tonnage of not less than favored ection at a time when its possibilities can be best 2,500 tons. appreciated. Class 6. Vessels capable of maintaining a speed of 10 knots· at sea l\Iembers of the poultry fraternity, particularly those from in ordinary weather, and of a gross r"egistered tonnage of not less than the Southwest who were in attendance at the World's Poultry 4,000 tons. Congress held at Ottawa, Canada, last July, and who worked Class 5. Vessels capable of ma1ntaining a speed of 13 knots at sea energetically for the convention to be brought to Oklahoma, in ordinary weather, and of a gross registered tonnage of not less than even though Omaha, Nebr., and Habana, Cuba, had much the 8,000 tons. · lead on them in the beginning, had a vision of what could be Class 4. "Vessels capable of maintaining a speed of 16 knots at sea presented by this ambitious young Southwest in the way of in ordinary weather, and of a gross registered tonnage of not less than exhibiting prize show birds at any sea ·on of the year. Hence 10,000 tons. the program of holding a poultry show to which breeders of all Class 3. Vessels capable of maintaining a speed of 18 knots at sea varieties of birds from Canada, Cuba, and Mexico on the North in ordinary weather, and of a gros registered tonnage of not Jess than American Continent, and, in fact, of all countries of the earth 12,000 tons. bave been invited to exhibit. Class 2. Vessels capable of maintaining a speed of 20 knots at sea " The Madison Square Garden Show of the Southwest " is the in ordinary weather, and of a gross registered tonnage of not Jess than adopted slogan, and with the hearty cooperation that always ex­ 16,000 tons. ~ tl ists between the poultrymen of the country, the matter of a Class 1. Vessels capable of maintaining a speed of 24 knots at sea Iaro-e exhibit entry is thus early assured. in ordinary weather, and of a gross registered tonnage of not less than Lindbergh' flight to Paris or his good-will expedition to 20,000 tons. Central and South America has not been more revolutionary in (b) The classification of aves el may be based upon its speed without execution or effect than the invasion of the cotton pests in this regard to its tonnage if the Postmaster G€neral is of opinion that speed section. They have aroused our people to a realization of the is especially important on . the particular ronte on which the vessel is possibilities of an industry that is changing the one-crop sys­ to be employed, and that a suitable ve sel of a higher clas ification is tem, putting the farmer on a monthly pay roll, and inspiring him not available on reasonable terms and conditions, or, on account of the with hope for and confidence in a lasting, permanent prosperity. character of the ports served or for other rea ons, can not be safely or [Applause.] economically employed on such route. Although Okla-homa i one of the younge t States in the Mr. ·wHITE of Maine. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following Union, already 92 per cent of her farmers are rai ing poultry. amendment, which I end to the desk and a k t o haYe read. It is estimated that the 13,000,000 hens on Oklahoma fru:ms in 1:he Clerk read as follows : 1927, laid 60,000,000 dozens of eggs, which, at 25 cents a dozen, were worth $15,000,000. Page 15, line 11, insert after the word "vessel " tbe words " reg- To arou e the keenest interest and competition, most extraor- iste-red under the laws of the United States." . dinary prizes will be offered. Among tho e most unusual will 'l'he CHAIIDfAN. The question is on the amendment offered be "good will cups" from foreign countxies and the States. ·by the g"€ntleman from Maine. Every governor in tbe United States has been respectfully asked The afDendment was agre d to. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE ·.7907 1'he Clerk read as follows : Mr. ARNOLD. The reason I ask is this: I understand that the Postmaster General has been contracting with American COMPENSATION UNDER CONTRACTS ships to the exclmlion of foreign ships, and !n that matter alone SEC. 409. (a) The rate rt. order ought to be ovenuled, because the whole thing is for the The Clerk read as follow. : benefit of the merchant marine, and all I am trying to do is to Amendment offered by Mr. LA.GuA.RDu.: Page 18, line 6, strike out help it. the period, insert a semicolon, and add the following: I Mr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, would like to be "That when naval officer of the Unite(] States volunteer for sucll heard. services as herein provided, the wages of other ofHcers on sa!d ships The CHA.IRMAN. The Chair is prepared to rule, and with holding similar rating or doing similar work shall not IJe Ies::; than great regret is obliged to sustain the point of order. the wages paid by the owners or master of the ship plu~ the allowance .Mr. HERSEY and Mr. BLACK of New York ro e. which such naval officer receives from the Navy Department." The CHAIRl\fA..~. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from 1\faine. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I desire to call the atten­ Mr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, a parliamentary tion. of the committee to this provision of the bill. It makes inquiry. possible the volunteering of service~ by an officer of tbe Navy . 'l"'he CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Maine yield to and . when the officer is accepted by the hip the Navy i~ the gentleman from New York for the purpose of propounding reqmred to pay one-half of his regular pay. a parliamentary inquiry? Now, gentlemen, the tenc:lency, unles.· we adopt my amend­ Mr. HERSEY. Yes. ment, will be to bting down the wages of the ot:lu:r officers to l\Ir. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, I want to know the one-h_alf which ~he co~pany pays the naval officer. ibis, whether I understood the Chair correctly in saying that be sus­ ! kno:V, IS not _the mtentwn of the committee and i. not the tained the point of order with great regt·et? mtention, I believe, of the bill. If it is not the intention of Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order the. committee, then I do not believe the committee should that the Ohair has not an open mind on the subject under con­ resist my amendment. sideration. The amen rican-buil t Mr. DAVIS. I thank the gentleman. vessels documented under the laws of the United States. No contract Mr. LEHLBACH. And if the gentleman will yield, permit her eafter made with the Postmaster General for carrying mails on me to state that the gentleman from Tennessee was opposing vessels so built and documented shall be assigned or sublet, and no 1 an entirely different amendment than the amendment the gen­ mails covered by such contract shall be cnrried on any vessel not so tleman from New Jersey was opposing. built and documented. No money shall be paid out of the Treasury 1\Ir. HOUSTON of Hawaii. 1\lr. Chairman, I move to strike of tbe United States on or in rela tion · to any such contract for ; out the last two words. I hope the gentleman from New carrying mails on vessels so built and documented when such contract York [Mr. LAGUARDIA] will not oppose anything in this bill has been assigned or sublet or when mails covered by such contract which will make it impossible to carry out the intention to are in violation of the t erms t hereof carried on any vessel not so improve the American merchan:t marine. As a matter of fact, built and documented. This section shall not be applicable in the case the old Pacific Mail, for a long time one of the tronge&t mer­ of contracts made under Title IV of tbe merchant marine act, 1928." chant marine companies under the American flag, had old naval (b) Section 7 of the merchant marine act, 1920 (U. S. C., title 46, officers in the management, and for a long time their ships sec. 866), is amended by striking out so much thereof as reads as fol­ were, in part, captained by naval officers, and if at the· present lows : "The Postmaster General is authorized, notwithstanding the time there are no naval officers actually doing service in the act entitled 'An act to provid e for ocean mail service between the ' merchant marine, it is because of the shortage of officers, and United Sta tes and foreign ports, and to promote commerce,' approved , for no other part~cular reason. I may add, that if the gentle- · Ma rch 3, 1891, to contr act for the carrying of the mails over such ! _7912 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 5 linf.'s at stteh price as may be agreed Ul)On by the board and the Post­ Mr. LINTIDCUM. Oh, on that point I have wondered fre­ master Gf.'neral." quently at the stacks of boxes I see piled up in' the port of Balti­ (c) The act entitled "An act to provide for ocean mail service be­ more that a:r·e unloaded there for the dipfomats and tho e engaged tween the United States nnd foreign porta, aDd to promote commerce," in the consular service of foreign countries. I have wondere<.l approved March 3, 1891 (U. S. C., title 39, sees. 657-665), is repealed. why we could not have the same opportunity. I was talking to a (d) So much of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for gentleman not long ago who went abroad on the Leviath.an. I the service of the Post Office Department for the ·fiscal year ending met him at a wedding held in Maryland, and I asked bow b~ June 30, 1918, and· for other purposes," approved March it, 1917, as came back from abroad, and he said, "On a British boat." I pro.vides- for contract for the carrying of mails between the United asked him why he did so, and he aid that on the Ltroiathan States and Great Britain (U. S. C., title gg, see. 666) is repealed. things were so uninteresting that he took a Briti h ship in com- (e) Subdivision (b) of section 4009 <>f the Revised Statutes, as ing back. [Laughter.] · amended (44 Stat. L., pt. 2, 900), is amended to read as follows: Mr. McKEOWN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield "(b) The provisions of subdivisio\!._ (a) of this sectioJt shall not there? limit the compensation for transportation of mall which the Post­ Mr. LINTIDCUM. Yes. master General may pay under contracts entered into in accordance Mr. McKEOW~. Does the gentleman think that by a speech with the provisions of section 4007 of the Revised Statutes (U,_ S. C., of that character he will help to upbuild the merchant marine? title 39, see. 652), section 24 of the merchant marine a_ct, 1920 Mr. LINTIDCUM. I know it will help the merchant marine (U. S. C., title 46, sec. 880), or Title IV of the merchant marine act, i,f you can give them this privilege on the ocean. Nothing you 1928." can do will help the service more. (f) Any contract made prior to the enactment. of this act shall Mr. McKEOWN. The gentleman is evidently advertising for­ remain in force and efrect in the same manner and to the same extent eign wines. as though this act bad not been enacted. .Any such contract which Mr. LINTIDCUM. No. What I am asking on my amend­ expires on June 30, 1928, may be extended for a period of not more ment is not intoxicating liquor; but only 2* per cent beer and than one year from such date. light wine. If you want to make this ervice a uccess, gentle­ Mr. LINTHICUM: Mr. Chairman, I a k unanimous consent men, you should be a little lenient with those on the ocean:. · to speak out of order for five minutes. I am not trying to advertise any foreign lines. So long as we The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Maryland asks unani­ continue the enforcement of prohibition on the high seas on our mous consent to speak out of ·order for :Qve minutes. . Is there passenger ships the foreign ships, who do not use such methods, objection? will get the bulk of the business without advertising. There was no objection. I wish to remove the liquor from the stateroom to the smoking Mr. HUDSON. Mr. C.bai.rman, will the gentleman yield? room, to provide a nonintoxicating beverage which naturally T.be CHAIRMAN. Does. the gentleman from Maryland yield creates better feeling and cheer among the passengers. What to the gentleman from Michigan? have we to-day? People providing their own liquors for con­ Mr. LINTHICUM. I do. sumption on the trip. Private parties in private staterooms Mr. HUDSON. I had no intention of objecting to the gen­ secrecy in drinking strong drinks, · and I really believe mor~ tleman's speaking a moment ago until be threatened t.be Bouse liquor consumed on a journey in secrecy than there would be in that be would either be granted the right to speak or would public. stop the business of the House. That was the ground upon When people go on a pleasure trip abroad they have little to which 'I' based my objection. occupy their time w)lile on the ocean and naturally like to meet Mr. LINTHICUM. Does the gentleman never make objec­ their friends, have a sociable drink, and talk and enjoy the tions except upon that ground? He made a dozen at different voyage. If the American ships were allowed to sell light wines times when I have wanted to sneak on this subject. and beer, as I propose, we could have this same sociability on Mr. HUDSON. I have never objected to the gentleman's American ships as we now ,have on foreign ships, and you would speaking on the floor of this Bouse. not be doing anything to the injury of the merchant marine. Ml.·. -LINTHICUM. I have never objected to the gentleman I repeat, if you will adopt my amendment providing for light from Michigan speaking, no matter what l1e wanted to speak wines and beer not exceeding an alcohol content of more than about. 2%, per cent you will not be furnishing an intoxicating liquor, Mr. BLACK of New York. That is where the gentleman but you will be adding to the great succe s of the American from Maryland made a mistake. merchant marine'. [Applause.] Mr. LINTHICUM. Mr. Chairman, I do not purpose taking The CHAIRMAN. The time of tbe gentleman from Mary­ up much time on this subject. I am not out of .humor as some land has expired. gentlemen seem to think I am. I have a right to discuss my Mr. LINTHICIDI. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent amendment, and in all courtesy I was entitled to have gentle­ to revise and extend my remarks men reserve their objections until I have made a few remarks. The CHAIRMAN Is there objection to the request of the Naturally when they did not do that I did not think very well gentleman from Maryland? of it. There was no objection. I am in favor of this bill. I have always been in favor of a Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ merchant marine and have always voted for bills when they mou -, consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD by printing have come before Congre . I wish to encourage the merchant an editorial whicl! appeared in the St. Louis Po t-Di patch of marine. I look upon the merchant marine as our real second May 2. I feel that if the suggestion made in that editorial is line of defence in war and a great adjunct in time of peace. I adopted it will settle this entire question. . think if you wish to make the merchant marine a real success The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the reque t of the you have to allow a little something to drink on the passenge1· gentleman from Missouri? ships. I am not asking that you give them very strong drink. Mr. SCHAFER. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Chait·man, I am asking that you give them something to drink which is on what ubject is the editorial? pot intoxicating-2%, per cent beer or lioht wine. You can Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. I will say to the gentleman from realize that such would be very, very light wine, but a fairly 'Visconsin that it is not entirely wet or entirely dry, but about palatable beer. half and half. [Laughter.] Mr. COLE of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield 'l'be CHAIRMAN. Is thel'e . objection to the request of the there? gentleman from Missouri? Mr. LINTHICUl\1. Ye~. There was no objection. Mr. COLE of Iowa. If it is not intoxicating, would it be Mr. COCHRAN of Mi souri. Mr. Speaker, ·many suggestions satisfactory to the gentleman's constituents in Maryland? have been advanced as to the best me-thod of settling the pro­ Mr. LINTHICUM. Oh, my constituents in Maryland do not hibition question and removing it from politics. The St. Louis drink as much liquor as some people in other States of this Post-Dispatch, in its is ue of May 2, 1928, carried an editorial Union. I can tell you that. My people got along very well on under the beading "Submit the issue of Federal prohibition to 2%, per cent beer years ago. While other nations are selling the people," which contains an abundance of sound logic, and intoxicating liquors on their ships, not for the purpose of intoxi­ · under the leave to print I include this editorial as p~rt of my cating their pas engers but for making the voyages a little more remarks. The editorial follows : agreeable, we prohibit that on our vessels. If you want to SUBMIT THE ISSUE OF FEDERAL PROHIBITION TO THE PEOPLE make the service a success all the year round, you must conduct The only sound and satisfactory solution of tlle Federal prohibition the service as the other nations do. problem is the rep·eal of the eighteenth amendment. Every other pro­ Mr. SCHAFER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? posal touching the modification of the Volstead Act or tile nullification Under y'our amendment can foreign ambassadors and diplomats of the amendment by repeal of all enforclng legislation is a makeshift. bring "in intoxicating liquors? It would only postpone the final settlement of tbe question. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7913

PUT THE QUESTION TO THE PEOPLE FedE:'ral powers and functions. It avows the Jeffersonian principles of The issue of Federal prohibition can not be taken out of politics the preservation of the rights and powers of the State and the guaranties until it is finally and conclusively ·ettl£-d by the complete abandonment of individual rights and liberties. It is the avowed defender of the of Federal prohibition. So long as the eighteenth amendment r emains principle of local self-government. It is the avowed opponent of li~ederal in the Constitution the issue will persist. It will be a red herring usurpation. across the trail of all othl.'r national . issues, diverting the public mind The Democratic Party is divided on the issue of Federal prohibition. from them. There are leaders on both sides of the question, but the opposition to Feder::tl prohibition is a para mount issue throughout the country. Federal prohibition within the Democratic Party is very trong in both There is a reason for its predominance. It bas bad more effect on leadership and numbers. Its two leading presidential candidates, Gov­ politics nnd on gov£-rnment, on legislation and on public sentiment, ernor Smith, of New York, and Senator Reed, of Missouri, are against than any issue in American history since the slavery question and Federal prohibition on principle. secession. We believe the balance of sti·ength, in. leadership and in tbe, rank .and The eightee:::~th amendment changed the character and spirit of the file of both parties combined, is against F ederal prohibition. Cor!stitution. It changed the scope- and power of the Federal Govern­ If the Democratic Party were-- true and faithful to its pdnciples and ment. It broke down the constitutional restrictions on Federal pow-ers traditions, it would adopt a platform-unequivocally favoring the repeat and functions. It authorized the Federal Government to violate the of the eighteenth amendment and nominate a candidate in accot·d with right. of the Sta-tes and usurp their police powers guaranteed by the this platform. Constitutiort. It authorized the Federal Government to de-stroy the In our insistence on the submission to the people of a clear issue or inherent constituti~nal rights of the individual. It was a deadly assault the repeal of the eighteenth amendment there is not a shadow of inten­ upun the individual liberty of the citizen. It impaired local self­ tion to advocate a reestablishment of the old , licensed saloons. That government. ' problem can· be met when the vita-l problem of Federal- prohibition is li'ederal pr·ohibition has never been submitted to the American people settled. as a clear-cut issue. The besetting sins of political parties, political leaders, and public It was adopted without consulting the people as a whole. It wa8 officials in this country are cowardice and hypoc'r·isy. They are deadly adopted during the war, on tlle pretense of being a war me::tsure, while sins. Cowardly evasion is blighting both political and governmental millions of voters were disfranchiscd by absence abroad or by war action. • activities. It was adopted by indirect political methods. The Anti­ It is high time that cowardice, hypocl"isy, and evasion should be aban­ Saloon League, under cover, with a huge rampaign fund, took advantage doned in dealing with Federal prohibition, which so seriously affects of the war to elect legislator. , nationnl and State, favorable or actually our Govemment and the social and political life of the people. pledged to tire· support of the Federal prohibition program. ~'be- Post-Dispa-tch-appeals to political lead-ers a-nd -to the- people to-put The Anti-Saloon League progt·am for Federal prohibition was carried an end to political evasion on the question of Federal prohibition. :We through, we believe-, against the convictions of a majority of the people; demand that the political parties and· every candidate for an office which against the convictions of a majority of the Congress which submitted is concerned with Federal prohibition shall make a clear declaration on it, and of many of the State legislatures which ratified it. this 9uestion. · The Volstead Act, enforcing Federal prohibition, which violated funda­ The issue of repeal of the eighteenth amendment should be submitted mental American principles and guaranties embodied in the Constitu­ t~ the voters· i? t~e presidentia} campaign. tion, was adopted not through the convictions of :Members of Congress and theil· fcee conscientious approval- of it, but through compulsion Qf The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will rea~-. threats and -fear of defeat by a powerful political organization. The Clerk read as .follow-s: These -are· the fundamental reasons for the submission to the people TITLE- V-MERCHANT liURINE NAVAL RESERVE of a cleat· issue of repeal. But there are other convincing reasons, based SEC. 501. In addition to the pay prescribed by existing law for offi­ upon the experience of the Nation with Federal prohibition. The cers and enlisted men of the merchant marine naval reserve when not effects of Federal prohibition have not justified the avowed purposes employed on active duty with the regular Navy, such officers. and and the predictions of tho,e who organized and managed the prohibition enlisted men of the merchant marine naval reserve as are employed on campaign, nor the expectations of those who with honest motives were merchant vessels of United States r egistry regularly engaged in foreign misled into supporting it. trade shall be paid per annum by the Navy Department under such Instead of destroying the saloon it bas increased t.be number of regulations as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe an amount equal saloons nnd drinkin"' places, in cities at least, and of stills and brewing · to two months' base pay of their corresponding grades, ·ranks, or ratings plant· in country districts. • in the regular Navy, such payments so made by the Navy to be con­ Instead of promoting temperance it bas increased intemperance and sidered, in all laws or agreements referring to the officers and crew of its consequent disorders. · the merchant marine, as an integral part of the total pay prescribed Instead of protecting the young from the evils of intemperance, it has for such officers _and crew in acc?rdance with such laws-and agreements. induced many to drink to excess. Instead of stopping the manufacture and sale of intoxicating bever­ 1\fr. FRENCH. 1\Ir. Chairman, I have two or three amend"' ages it has encouraged the illicit manufactu_re and sale. Bootleggers ments to offer, and I think that the House would reeeive a have multiplied. better impression of them all if I should make a short statement Instead of checking crime a.nd emptying the jails, it has increased first and then .offer the amendments. I shall send them to fhe crime and lawlessness and fillcndment shall be adopted then I would seek time of need it wi:t ju t as vital we hould ha>e a r erve .,f to follow it in the proper place by an amendment which would trained officers and trained men, because these hip without tran fer the cost from the Navy Department to the Shipping men are as idle and a usele s as a painted ship upon a painted Board, where it properly belongs. ocean. . Mr. WHI'IE of Maine. 1\Ir. Chairman, I rise in opposition The e are naval officer . They hould be paid by the Naval to the amendment. I am disposed to judge a man's attitude E stablishment, to which they are subject at all times. toward a public question not so much by his words as by his l\Ir. Chairman, I hope this particular amendment and any acts. The gentleman says he is for a merchant marine., but in_ other amendments ema culating this provision and robbing the 1928 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-HOUSE. 7915 . I I American merchant marine and the Nation of this means of Mr. LAGUARDIA. And unless the gentleman's amendment is defense may be defeated. [Applause.] adopted there would be no limit. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered Mr. FRENCH. I am afraid not short of some millions of by the gentleman from Idaho [Mr. FRENCH]. dollars. The amendment was rejected. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered Mr. FRENCH. Mr. Chairman, I shall take it that the vote by the gentleman from Idaho. of the committee on this particular amendment determines the Tile question was taken; and on a division (demanded by policy as to transferring the expense from the Navy Depart­ Mr. FRENCH) there were 25 ayes and 58 noes. ment to the Shipping Board, where I had indicated I thought it So the amendment was rejected. belonged. I offer, however, an amendment to page 21, at line 1\Ir. FRENCH. 1\Ir. Chairman, I think with the membership 8, which I have sent to the Clerk's desk. here nothing would be gained by going further, yet I offer one The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Idaho offers an more amendment to show what I would like to do. amendment, which the Clerk will report. 'l'he Clerk read as follows: J. The Clerk read as follows : Page 21, line 2, after the word " amount," strike out the- words Amendment offered by M1·. FRENCH : Page 21, line 8, after the word " equal to .. and insert " not exceeding." "agreements," strike out the period, insert a colon and the following The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered proviso : "Pt·ovided, That funds equal to the amount required for the by the gentleman from Idaho. purposes of this section shall fir,st have been ·made available by the The que.Stion was taken, and tl1e amendment was rejected. <;:ongress ~o1· this specific pm:pose." Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following · l\Ir. · FRENCH. Mr. Chairman, just one word with regard amendment. to this amendment.- This is the amendment that carries into­ The Clerk read as follows: the section the language of the present law under which the Amendment offered by Mr. LAGUARDIA: Page 21, in line 8, strike out . Congress and the administration have the authority and right the period, insert a colon and the followuig: "Provided, That when to determine the amount of money that shall be expended for officers and men of the merchant marine· naval reserve are employed this purpose. on any ship the wages of officers and men not members of the said The present section- in the absence of the amendment is merchant marine naval reserve holding similar rating or grade or ambiguous. . You do not know whether it will be determined doing similar work, shall not be less than the wages paid by the owners upon the language in the section or whether the comptroller or master of the ship, plus the allowance which such reserve officers would hold that this language is wrapped up with the law of . and men receive from the Navy Department as herein provided." i925 and the words that I offer in my amendment' be construed as being carried over and· as pertinent to the language of -the l\Ir. LEHLBACH. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order section. I hope the comptroller would so hold. that the amendment is not germane. In the first place, the words I have offered ought to be The CHAIRMAN. The Chai_r would suggest to the gentle-. •. • added in .order to remoYe any ampiguity; and, in the seeond man from New York for his consideration that this amendment place, they ought to be included because, as I said a bit ago, is on a par with the amendment that the Chair passed upon you do not know how much money will be r equired every vear some time ago. to meet this particular subsidy. The committee report indi­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. No, 1\Ir. Chairman. Here you have the cates that it will begin with about $666,000 per year. I want allowance made for pay. The Chair ruled on the amendment to. tell you it will increase, and . when you shall have assumed I offered to that section of the bill which excluded the stewardS­ the ·almost contract form of relationship between the Govern­ departm.ent from the requirements of the law and -when I ment and the members of the merchant marine reserve, you will sought by my amend~ent the Chair in his wisdom-! say it be charged with bad faith if you attempt to slacken up on the with all due respect and deference-erroneously held that it amounts of money appropriated. · was not germane for the reason that · there was no pay pro­ Mr. BLACK of New York. Will the gentleman yield? vision in the section. But here you have a provision that the Mr. FRENCH. Yes. naval reserve officers and men are to receive two months' pay. Mr. BLACK of New York. What appropriations have the That certainly makes my amendment germane. I did offer Committee on Appropriations made for the merchant marine an amendment a few moments ago as to naval officers in active naval reserve? • . service. ~o poJnt. of o~·de_r was made ~gainst that, and no point · 1\Ir. }.,RENCH. Not necessarily the Committee on · Appropria­ of order could have been made against it. This is surely.. ger­ 'tions, but Congress has appropriated a very small amount of mane when the section provides that these naval officers and. monev-I think between 70 and 80 are carried on the rolls. - men shall receive two months' pay for joining the merchant l\Ir~ BLACK of New York. I s the gentleman aware that the marine. British appropriates for that purpose $2,000,000 a ;: year? Mr. LEHLBACH. Mr. Chairman, this section deals solely· Mr. FRENCH. I know they appropriated something, I do with the pay of the officers and the merchant marine naval not know how much. Gentlemen must not coru3true from what reserves by the Navy Department. It provides that members of I haye said antagonis1n to a naval reserve. We need a nayal the merchant marine naval reserves who are employed under r eserve but its size and cost ought to be controlled by the certain circumstances shall receive under such regulations as admini~tration and Congress and not by the shipowners of the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe an amount equal to ships under American registry. two months' base pay for their corresponding grades, ranks, or Mr. CHINDBLOM. Ar~ the other items for the merchant ratings in the regular Navy, and then it goes on and provides marine naval reserYe itemized in the appropriation law? how such payments shall be considered. That is all that the Mr. FRENCH, Yes; and the Congress has control over them. rest of the paragraph is. The direction, the enactment into I Cono-ress has control over practically e•erytbing in this bill, I law of the provision, is directing certain pay be made by the exc:pt that. You are turning over to the shipping concerns the Navy to enlisted men in the Navy, and does not deal with the privilege of building up a merchant marine reserve, and we wages of the crew on ships, and is not germane. are ghing them a blank check with which to pay the bill. The CHAIRMAN. The section before us constitutes all of Mr. CiiiNDBLOM. The ~stimates are furnished the Appro­ Title V of the bill. Title V of the bill and, of course,- this priations Committee, and they as a matter of good faith pre­ section has to do with the merchant marine naval reserves, and sume that the fund will be used for that purpose. Here you does prescribe something with reference to their pay. The are putting this into a diffe~ent form; you are requiring a spe­ amendment of the gentleman from New Yot·k has to do with the cific appropriation for this particular purpose. That is out pay of others than the naval reserve. It is not germane to the of the ordinary. section to which it is offered, and, therefore, the point of order l\Ir. FRENCH. That is existing law. That is what I want is sustained. here for estimates to cume through the regular channels to Congress so that Congress may provide from year to year what The Clerk read as follows: it chooses to provide to maintain a merchant marine naval TITLE VI-INSURANCE FUND reserve. S.mc. 601. Section 10 of the merchant marine act, 1920 (U. S. C., Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? title 46, sec. 869), is amended to read as follows : Mr. FRENCH. Yes. "SEc. 10. That the board may create out of insurance premiums, 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Where else will the funds be provided in and r evenue from operations and sales, and maintain and administer these specific appropriations here made for this purpose? a separate insurance fund which it may use to insure in whole or in Mr. FRENCH. They will be provided under the plea that part against all hazards commonly covered by insurance policies in such W(' have made contracts and we will be charged with bad faith cases, any legal or equitable interest of tbe United States {1) in any . not to appropriate under such contracts-just as to-day we are vessel constructed or in process of construction; and (2 ) in any plants called upon to appropriate for the payment of pensions, and or property in the possession or under tbe authority of the boat'd. The we would be charged !Vith bad faith if we did not do so. United States shall be held to have such an interest in any vessel 7916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE l\lAY 5 . toward the construction, reconditioning, remodeling, improving, or We have tried that with the war-built ships, but without equipping of which a. loan has been made under the authority of this success. Only 30 p~r cent of the ships we have in operation act, in .any vessel upon which it holds a mortgage or lien of any are employed to carry American products. In other words, the character, or in any vessel which is obligated by contract with the very interests that derive most help through tariff favors ship owner to perform any service in behalf of the United States, to the their products in foreign bottoms. extent of the Government's interest therein." · Rather than give up these special tariff privileges the ruling l\.Ir. GRIFFIN. Mr. Chairman, our commendation is owing powers in our Nation now submit this bill to complete the to this great committee on having come to a unanimous agree­ cil'cle of artificial stimulation of indush·y to which we have ment upon a bill involving a problem of such complexity. The been committed. The result of our one-sided policy is that the achievement is a compliment to their good fellowship, but price of everything has been so inflated in this country that it looking at the problem wholly from the standpoint of a Demo­ is impossible for us to build ships or to produce or to sell· in crat, fundamentally opposed to special privileges in any form, I competition with the ·markets of the world. can not welcome a bill which partakes so much of the character My colleague from West Virginia, 1\fr. BowMAN, introduced a of a subsidy. table in the course of his speech the other day showing that After all, shipping it of apologies and generalities, this is a on the 31st day of December England was building 1,500,000 sub ·idy bill. It is an attempt to correct the inequalities in tons of ships, and that on the same day we had on the ways the economic structure whereby this courrtry has been isolated. 56,000 tons. · We stand alone. 'Ve can not trade with other nations, because OUR DEPLORABLE SITUATION they can not reasonably trade with us. How can we expect Let us glance at our deplorable situation. For every ship of to sell if we will not buy? If we erect a barrier around our 2,000 tons or more which we have built since the war Great country so high as to constitute a commercial embargo we Britain has built 40, Germany 12, France 5, and Japan 4. ·impair or destToy all of the traditions of comity, good will, and That is the problem that confronts us. Why is it that we friendly intercourse with other nations. can not build? Because we do not put it within the bounds Mr. COLE of Iowa. l\.Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? of possibility under our false, awkward, artificial system. l\1r. GRIFFIN. I regret I can not yield at this time. What I wish to bring horne is that we can not eat our cake COMMERCE AS A FACTOR IN PROGRESS and still have it. If we lay an embargo against the purchase Commerce bas been one of the most important factors in the of foreign-built ships we may artificially stimulate home ship­ growth of civilization and in bringing the nations of the world building, but the increased price we have to pay for them is into harmony and goy the board and the Postmaster word. General. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Minnesota moves to In other words, under the said 1920 act the Postmaster Gen­ strike out the last word. eral can disregard the rates in the 1891 act and grant as high Mr. NEWTON. I want to ask a question of the di-stinguished pay as he deems proper for the carriage of ocean mail. Our gentleman who so ably presides over this committee. Just attention has been called to one ca e where contract made under what is the occasion for this proviso? the 1920 act by the Postmaster General with one ship line in Mr. WHITE of Maine. Mr. Chairman, one of the regrettable the Pacific would be reduced under the rates provided in the facts is that over and over again we read of American officials of pending bill. hi~h authority traveling, when they go abroad on official missions, The provision in the 1920 act just quoted is expressly repealed upon foreign ships. We think that it is proper that it shall be in this bill. written in the law that when an American official goes abroad 1\Ir. JACOBS'.rEIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? to represent the United States he shall travel on an American 1\Ir. DAVIS. Yes. ship under the American flag if that is available and practicable. l\1r. JACOBSTEIN. Is it your idea that this difference is [Applause.] justified for miHtary and naval reasons rather than for com­ Mr. NEWTON. I agree with the gentleman on that, but does mercial reasons! the gentleman feel that in order to accomplish that it is neces­ Mr. DAVIS. Yes; I think that is true, as I said, from a sary to have the Comptroller General pass upon the question as to whether there should be two affidavits or one? It says " sat­ national standpoint. isfactory proof of the necessity." Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? We all know of difficulties with the office of the Comptroller l\Ir. DAVIS. Yes. General from time to time because of highly technical con­ Mr. GRIFFIN. And that is the reason why you refuse to structions of statutory provisions. No administrative officer call these benefits " subsidies " ? will lmow where he is at when proof of this character is re­ Mr. DAVIS. They are not sub!:'idies. For instance, the gen­ quired. As the section is now drawn it provides that the proof tleman from Idaho [Mr. FRENCH] referred to the merchant must be " satisfactory " to the Comptroller General. . In prac­ marine naval reserve as a sub idy. If that is a subsidy, all tice that does not mean Mr. McCarl but some subordinate way that we appropriate annually for the Navy is a subsidy. It is down in the department some place. After the subordinate not a subsidy in any true sense of the word. · once renders a decision you have got to move everything under Reverting to the mail pay, to show the gentleman from New the sun before you can obtain a reversal. I think this provi­ York that there has been no change in this position so far as I slion is too drastic. am concerned, the gentleman and others perhaps remember 1\lr. LAGUARDIA.. Will the gentleman yield for a question? when we had a fight in 1922 over the Lasker bill which did em­ Mr. NEWTON. Yes. brace ship subsidies. I was one of those who fought the bill l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. I agree with this section, but has the and spoke against it on several occasions. But in my speeches chairman of the committee provided for interpreters, oriental against -that bill I made a distinction between subsidies and and otherwise, so that these officers can speak to their steward's mail pay, and that is my position now, and my present attitude department? is not a whit different from what it was then. In discussing 1\lr. WHITE of Maine. The gentleman has a capacity for the Lasker ·bill on this floor November 24, 1922, I stated : nagging almost beyond limit; but the situation is just this : It was the view of the committee that there had been alto­ I think it is entirely proper, just as we have been doing all along, to gether too much laxity in times past by various departments It . pay for the carriage of our ocean mails. is just as legitimate to have of the Government in permitting men in those departments to good. ocean mail service as it is to have good land mail set·vice. But utilize foreign ships, and we felt that some one other than the ' that is not a subsidy. immediate superior of the men who travel should be the one to Among the recommendations I made at th.at time and in that pass on the necessity of traveling in a foreign ship. The pro­ speech was to employ a liberal policy in the payment of com­ vision is drastic; I agree to that ; but we were clear in our view pensation for the carriage of our ocean mail, the employing that it ought to be drastic. · 7918 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MA_y 5 . Mr. NEWTON. I merely waiit to say to the gentleman that The Olerk read as follows: if the word_ "satisfactory" were stricken out and the lan­ Amendment offered by Mr. HousTON of Hawaii : On page 24, line 18, guage permitted to read, " in the absence of proof of the after the word " includes," add u a .person owing allegiance to the necessity therefor," you could ac-complish any reasonable pur­ United States and." pose; but by having it read this way you leave it in tbe con­ trol of some subordinate in the office of the Comptroller Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii. Mr. Chairman and members of General. . the committee, we have under the American flag and owing 1\.Ir. Chairman, I move to strike out the word "satisfactory" allegiance thereto some 12,000,000 Filipinos. They have no in line 15, page 22. other flag under which they can se1~e. There are many of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Uinnesota offers an them, thousands of them, seaworthy and sea-minded peo})le. amendment, which the Clerk will report. They are clean and indu trious; they are able, and they make The CleTk read as follows : splendid, brave seamen. I have seen some of their act my elf in my service in the Navy. There are none who are braver Amendment offered by Mr. NEWTON: Page 22, line 15, strike out the than they under emergencies. I have ·een them jump over­ word "satisfactory." board in typhoon weather, regardless of personal safety, and The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offere endeavor to save other people. Now, should they be included by the gentleman from Minnesota. in that portion of the crew who are entitled by this act to be The amendment was rejected. called aliens, or is it not fair to them, as long as our flag floats The Clerk read as follow:s . over their land, that they shall be classed with the citizen of the United States for the purposes of this bill? REQUISITIO~ OF VESSELS Mr. Chairman and members of the committeQ, I hope you SEC. 802. (a) The followiug vessPls may be taken and purchased will consider this amendment of sufficient value, so that they or used by the United States for national defense or during any may in the merchant marine, as they do in the Navy, e1·ve national emergency declared by proclamation of the President: the flag which floats at the present time over their land. (1) Any vessel in respect of which, under a coutract hereafter [Applause.] entered into a loan is made from the construction loan fund created Mr. CHALMERS. Will the gentleman yield? by. section i1 of the merchant marine act, 1920, as amended-at any Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii. I yield. Ume until the principal and interest of the loan has been paid; and Mr. CHALMERS. I think the gentleman is correct and this (2) Any vessel in respect of which an ocean mail contract is maue amendment should go in this law. I hope the committee will under Title IV of this act-at any time during the period for which. accept it. the contract is made. Mr. SCHAFER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the (b) In such event the owner shall be paid the fair actual value last two words. I shall vote against the present bill becau. e of the ve-ssel at the time of taking, or paid the fair compensation for certain amendments ha-ve not been incorporated. In view of her use based upon such fair actual value; but in neither case shall the Jaten~ of the hour and in view of the fact that it would be such fair actual value be enhanced by the causes necessitating the mainfestly unfair to bring absent Members here I shall not taking. In the case of a vessel taken and used, but not purchased, force the parliamentary situation, whieh would requir a roll the vessel shall be restored to the owner in a condition at least as call on the bill. I a ·k unanimous consent to extend and revise good as when taken, less reasonable wear and tear, -or the owner shall my remarks on tbi bill, and include the tatement of Andrew be paid an amount for reconditioning sufficient to place the vessel in Furuseth, preEident of the International Seamen's Union of such condition. Tbe owner shall not be paid for any consequential America. damages arising from such taking and purchase or use. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Wisconsin asks (c) The President shall ascertain the fair ~ompensation for such unanimous conEent to revise and extend his remarks and taking and purchase or use and shall certify to Congress the amount include therein the statement to which be bas referred. Is so found by him to be due, fol' appropriation and payment to the per. on there objection? entitled thereto. If the amount found by the President to be due is There wa no objection_ unsatisfactory to the person -entitled thereto, such person shall be The statement referred to is as follows: entitled to sue the United States for the amount of such fair com­ pensation and such . nit shall be brought in the manner provided by PETITION A."'D l\1EMORIAL TO THE CO~GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES paragraph 20 of section 24 or by section 145 of the .Judicial Code, (In re shipping bill as reported from Committee on Merchant Marine as amended (U. S. C., title 28, sees. 41, 250). and Fisheries) On behalf of the International Seamen's Union of America (an Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the American organization in everything but name) whose persistent effort last word simply for the purpose of asking a question. On for some 40 years has been to get Americans to sea and whose page 2'2, line 24, the term "national emergency " is used. That declared purpo e was then and is now "To use our influence individually means, of course, nothing short of hostilities with a foreign a11d collectively for the purpose of maintaining and developing skill in pation, does it not, in the opinion of the chairman of the seamanship and effecting a change in the maritime law of the United tommittee? States, so as to render it more equitable and to make it an aid instead . Mr. WHITE of Maine. I think it m·eans actual hostilities of a hindrance to the development of a merchant marine and a ·body of or, the impending-. of .hostilities or something of a nature equally American seamen," and further in the name of substantially all men grave found and declared by the President to exist. . employed at sea under the American flag in any capacity, the under­ Th~ CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the pro forma amend­ signed most respectfully petition the House of Representatives and its ment will be withdrawn. MembPr , and the Senate and its :Members, to give earnest and friendly There was no objection. consideration to the following amendments to S. 744, as reported to the The Clerk read as follows : House of RE'presentatives from the Committee on Merchant Marine and DEFL'OITIO:NS Fisherie . We re!';P.ectfulJy beg that the bill be amended in the following particulars : SEC. 803. (a) When used in this act, and for the purposes of this act 1. On page 13, in line 8, strike out the words "and exclusive of the only, the words "foreign trade" mean trade between the United States, steward's department." its Territories or possessions, or the District of Columbia and a foreign 2. On page 20, strike out "Title V-Mercbant marine nnval reserve." countl·y: Pr.ot'idea, howe-vet·, That the loading or the unloading of cargo, 3. On page 17, strike out everything in lines 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and mail, or passengers at any port in any Territory or possession of the 24 ; and on page 18, in lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. United States shall be construed to be foreign trade if the stop at such As the reasons for this, our petition, we respectfully submit the Territory or possession is an intermediate stop on what would otherwise foJlowing memorial: lie a voyage in foreign trade. On amendment No. 1, we respectfully bE'g to submit that sea powE>r is (b) Wben used in this act the term "citizen of the United States" skilled man power; that the experience of all the past proves that includes a corporation, partnership, or as ociation only if it is a citizen vessels are the tools of seamen; that the most powerful and best­ of the United States within · the meaning of section 2 of the sbipping equipped naval vessels are no match for vessels inferior in power and ~ct, 1916, as amended (U. S. C., title 46, sec. 802). equipment if the latter be manned by men superior in skill and. seaman- Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii. l\!r. Chairman I offer an amend- · ship; that the best built and equipped merchant vessels are in safety ment. ' 1 and other usefulness less effective than inferior vessels if the lattl'r The CHAIRMAN. The Del~ate from Hawaii offers an be manned by men of greater experience and skill; that merchant vessels amendment, which tJ1e Clerk wili report. and average freight vessels have a steward's department equal to about 1928 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE :7919 one-sixth of the total crew; that in combination passenger and freight " Representing the largest Chinese business club of Hong Kong, I ves els the steward's department represents from one-third to one-half, would bid for the position of No. 1 man in the steward's depart­ accot·ding to their tonnage and passenger accommodation; that in first­ ment. The sum to be paid you on our arrival in Hong Kong in case you class passenger vessels (built to carry passengers, mail, and express accept this bid will be $500 gold. An arrangement will be made with freight) the stewa1·d's department is _usually about two-thi'rds of the the chier' stewaed separately. -- crew, except on coal burner·s; that while the steward's department bas " In case you care to entertain this proposition an answer as to what­ not the all-around experience of the men in the deck department or the ever agreement you could arrive at would be v~y much appreciated not mechanical skill of the men in the engineer's department, they are, later than Sunday afternoon. with the exception of a few who are there to learn, accustomed to the "We wish to know in order to have the money ready in case you sea; that is, they have acquired by experience the ability to use their desire. hands and their faculties while they are unconsciously balancing their "Bes~des the initial payment there will be more money at the other llody on a constantly moving platform-the vessel's deck; that they are end of the voyage. of the military age or age subject to draft; that they are able bodied; " Perhaps this may not be feasible to make a change this trip, and I :and for these several reasons, they are for the pm-pose of national hope you will consider this enough to keep me in min-d for the next defense at sea infinitely superior to landsmen without any sea experi­ trip as No. 1 man. ence. This was .proven beyond any question by the experience of the "These trips can be very profitable to you. if you are farsighted. ·~ Russian fleet which left the Baltic during the Russian-Japanese war Reports in the possession of the Federal investigators show that the and which ceased to exist within an hour after they came within the smuggling of opium, morphine, and cocaine is not confined exclusively ran.ge of the Japanese guns. to the Admiral Line steamers. To the contrary, it is generally ad­ Practically the whole history of the maritime struggle between mitted that narcotic drugs, in varying quantities, reach Seattle and other England and France testifies to the supreme importance of skilled men. Puget Sound points on practically all vessels which load cargoes in the The same question is touched upon by Captain Mahan, quoting the Orient. expression of Admiral Nelson after his visit to Cadiz, when Admiral GOOD PAY FOR CHINESE Nelson is reported to have said : "The ships are splendid; the Dons That these ship's jobs were lucrative to Chinamen who condescended to can build ships but they have no seamen, and when we meet them engage in the dope trade is made clear in the confession of David J. I will go alongside and take them.': This actually happened, according Taylor, held on narcotic charges here. The Chinaman known as No. 1 to Captain Mahan. boy, according to Taylor, usually was trusted and paid by the dope For these reasons we respectfully maintain that vessels which are to ring to secrete the narcotics aboard ship at Horig Kong and guard the receive mail pay and under the bill, as it now reads, will continue to stuff safely until it reached the dock here. carry Chinese in the trade with the Orient, Italians and Gt·eeks in the Customs agents have been informed in writing by narcotic agents that trade with the Mediterranean, Germans in the trade with Germany, there are 147 tins of smoking opium that were thrown off a sllip last and English in the trade with England in their steward's department December, according to Taylor's confession, still in the bay at Smith will be developing valuable men for the sea ,power of a new China, also Cove. for Japan, Italy, Germany, and FJngland. It has been reported several days ago that some one was dredging for We respectfully submit that a bill, one of the main purposes of which this opium, and narcotics agents supposed the searchers to be customs is to develop a merchant marine and a sea power for the United men. Check of Federal officers yesterday, however, disclosed that no States, ought ·not to contain a provision which historically and in agents of the ·Government were engaged in the work, and the conclu­ present fact would work distinctly against the main purpose of the sion was reached that "hi-jackers" must be attempting to salvage bill. the stuff. But thet·e are other reasons which, while not of equal weight from l\Ir. KING. A letter from one of the captains employed by the Ship­ a national point of view, ought to be given serious consideration from a ping Board shows that Chinese are being employed, and that the percent­ social and racial point of view. Under the bill as it reads, there is no age of Americans is small. I ask that it may be inserted in the RECORD doubt that in the oriental trade the steward's department will be made without reading. up of Chinese, Japanese, or Malays. There being no objections, the letter was ordered to be printed in the This means that the smuggling of excluded orientals is to continue and RECORD, as follows : increase. We have had what has been considered a perfect Chinese­ exclusion act since 1891. There have been very few Chinese women CHINESE FIREBOOM CREW-STEAMSHIP "PRESIDE~T MADISON " in the United States. Notwithstanding this fact, there are more Chi­ SEATTLE, WASH., October 10, 1922. nese in this country to-day than there were in 1891, and on an average 1\Ir. A. F. HAINES, they are as young as they were then. The explanation of this mystery Vice President. is to be found in the fact that the yotmg Chinese come ashore and their It appears that through some error the Chinese fireroom crew for places. on the vessels are taken by the old ones who are returning home, the above-named vessel was brought over on the steamship President and it is further illustrated by the following quotations from the Seattle McKinley. It is my understanding that when this crew was ordered Post-Intelligencer, quoted in the Senate by Senator· KING, of Utah, on you were under the impression that the P'residen.t Madison carried a Saturday, l!'ebruary 14, 1925: white fireroom cre:w, but, as you undoubtedly know by this time, sbe carries a Filipino fireroom crew igned on at Manila for a round trip. [From the Seattle Post-Intelligencer of February 22, 1923] We now have 34 firemen on our hands that we do not know exactly CHINESE BID HIGH STAKES FOR SHIP .JOB-MONEY OFFERED FOR POSITIO~S what to do with. It has been suggested that we keep these men here ON ORIENT-SEATTLE YESSELS REVEALED IN FIGHT AGAI~ST DOPE and transfer them to the variou · freighters as they arrive, but in view High stakes offered for minor positions on American steamships plying of the fact that this would necessitate the keeping of these Chinese between the Orient and Seattle are revealed in correspondence between here on pay for a long time I can not see how we can consistently Chinese and ships' officers disclosed yesterday by investigators uncover- carry out this plan. ing the dope traffic here. · · .After considering this matter from all angles my recommendation is A letter to the purser of one h·ans-Pacific liner, believed to have been that we retain 12 men to fill the complement in the engine room of the written at Hong Kong and dated November 9, 1922, t·eads: steamship Hanley, and that we transfer the other 22 men over to the "I went up you1· office this afternoon for applying the job of inter­ Pt·esident Madison to relieve the Filipinos at Hong Kong, where the pretet·. Madison can sbip 12 additional Chinese to replace those held over for "I beg to say that I will hand over of $1,000 for the job if you can the Hanley. fix up for me. "I understand 1\Ir. Horsman suggested to 1\Ir. Wright that we retain "I will come to see you immediately when your ship return ft•om the entire 34 men here and place them on the different freighters in Manila and I hope you will combine with the chief steward and also I various capacities; that is to say, both in the deck and engine depart­ will do him good when the job succeeds. ments. In view of the fact that these men were shipped as firem€m "Your truly, I do not consider it practicable to put them on deck, because when em­ " Lo WING Po.'~ ploying Chinese seamen not speaking English, or speaking very little LETTER AT MANILA English, it is imperative that they know their business, and you can not Another letter, written to the master of one of the big passenger expect a fireman to handle cargo gear and steer the vessel. liners, was received by him at Manila and was written on stationery I do not see how we are going to explain this matter to the Shipping of his ship. It bears the signature of H. Hong, and reads : Board, but it seems to be a question of choosing the lesser evil ; and, "Hoping that you are open to any proposition within reason and therefore, I have made the above recommendation. not entailing too much risk that will benefit you financially, I take the ERIK G. FROBERG, liberty of advancing my business aspirations. Port Captain Foreign Depart1nent. .7920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE MAY 5 The number or C!iinese then carried is shown by the following table that to tl:Je extent of the payment and in. proportion to the number of ' put into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD by tl:i& same Senator at the same officers and men on board ship who enlist in this reserve, the owner of time. the vessel is relieved of a portion of the wage scale." Shipping Boara 'Vess-cl.-BaHings tor mot~th ot Jatlltlary, 1924, port of The purpose of bringing the Naval Reserve into this bill is twofold, San Francisco as follows: "First, and a purpose of the greatest national concern, is tl:Je aid it Percent- will give in building up a trained reserve of American sailors. Other Vessel Operator Total Ameri­ Alien age crew can American .maritime nation , and, in particular Great Britain, haYe long realized that in addition to ships there must be trained men, and it has long maintained a merchant marine reserve of this type." President Cleveland .. Pacific MaiL.~--- 237 « . 193 18.5 It should not be overlooked that the merchant marine re erve of Great President Taft ______do ______240 52 188 21.7 Las Vegas ______Swayne & Hoyt__ _ 35 10 25 28.6 Britain is made up in large part of fishermen, manning the fishing smacks West Jappa ______do ______33 14 19 42.4 that are operating on the banks off the coasts of Great Britain, on the West Ivan ______Struthers & Barry_ 34 15 19 44.2 banks of the North Sea, on the banks off the coasts of Norway and of Stockton. __ ------______do ____ ------36 12 24 33.4 Ragen ______do.------35 31 4 88.9 Iceland, and then of merchant seamen who are of the rating of able West ·cajoot ______dt>----~------37 21 16 56.8 seamen or better, or marine firemen or better ratings; that they are ~-----~------~------receiving specfic sums yearly ; that they are · generally called in to serve Average per cent for ------41.8 month. on some naval vessel for one month each ~year, when they are receiving the naval pay according to their rating. They are not called into active N

I• 1928 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 7921 If the Navy is really in favor of compelling the men to become mem­ port the same back to the House with an amendment, with the bers of the Naval Reserv,e, it can only be because they ar~ more inter­ recommendation that the amendment be agreed to and that tbe ested in numbers than in actual usefulness, disregarcling the fact, which bill as amended do pass. they can not help knowing, that the men of the merchant servie€, as a The amendment was agreed to. gene1·al proposition, are opposed to becoming Naval Reserve men to be The bill as amended was ordered to be read a third time, was calJed into service whenever the President proclaims a national emer­ read the third time, and passed. ----- gency, while they would have no objection at all if they could onJy be On motion of 1\Ir. WHITE of Maine, a motion to reconsider the called in in case of war. A national emergency might well be proclaimod vote by which the bill was pas...<:red was laid on the table. if there was for some reason or another, such as in 1921, a general PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE maritime lockout or trike, and the men feel perfectly satisfied that if they were to be locked out or strike, as merchant men they could be Mr. STEVENSON. l\Ir. S.Peaker, I ask unanimous consent ordered to work again as Naval Reserve men. Under circumstances that on Tuesday, after tbe reading of the Journal and the of a similar nature, those steps have been taken in European countries disposition of matters on the Speaker's table, I may have 15 with reference to railroad men, telegraphers, and others, who were minute to discuss the recent a ·sumption of juri ~diction by the promptly called in and ordered back to work becau. e they were in the Interstate Commerce Commission over interurban railroads. reserve of the army. Such a condition as this would give to th~ ship­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from South Carolina asks owners an absolute control over the wages and working conditions and unanimous consent to addre~s the House for 15 minutt'S, after would inevitably result in driving from the sea men who could and the reading of the J ournal and the disposition of matters on the would give ex<:ellent service in case of need and then drawing to the Speaker's table, on Tuesday. Is there objection? sea men, who for one reason or another, have ~en a failure on shore '!'here was no objection. and, therefore, come to the sea as a very large number of men are now THE MINING AND MINERAL INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES coming to e cape starvation on shore. l\Ir. ENGLEBRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent This description doe , of course, not apply to licensed officers, but they to extend my remarks in the RECORD on the ubject of mining rna and very likely will see the inevitable tendency and, therefore, and the mineral industry of the United States. they will seek employment on shore wherever the can obtain it. This The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the would leave the merchant marine short of the necessary officers, even gentleman from California? whPre there is no definite lockout or strike, and it is partly for this There was no objection. reason as we see it, t11at the naval officers are brought into tb~ bill. Mr. ENGLEBRIGH'l\ Mr. Spe.aker and Members of the Hence the third amendment, in which we respectfully request that the House, as a member of the Committee on Mines and Mining of s tion dealing with naval officers be striken out. thi House, I feel that it is my duty to bring to the attention A:&IENDMENT NO. 3 of Congres and the American people the fact that our Govern­ ment is giving but little support to the vital mining and mineral While it is true that substantially the same provision of law is in industry of the United States. the ocean mail act of 1891, the condition between the two perious is Mining, next to agriculture, is the greatest industry of our entirely changed. .At that time there was no Naval Re erve. At that country. It ranks second only to the agricultural indusb.·y in its time a licensed officer could not refuse to serve under his license. contributions to our raw materials. The value of the raw mate­ Unless be could give in writing an explanation satisfactory to the rials produced by the mining industry of this Nation amounts to owner and to the deparhnent, his license was, according to law, revoked. over $6,000,000,000 annually and provides direct support to over .At the present time he may refuse to continue in service after he bas 10,000,000 of our people. completed his contract and when he is confronted with a condition in Mineral development and production is no less fundamental which the shipowner will determine wages and working conditions, he than is agriculture. It is the use of minerals in quantity that will seek employment on shore. We have the actual experience of some sets off the present civilization from the primitive peoples who years to prove the fact that be will. The officers may thus become so lived on the products of their fields and flocks. l\Iining is essen­ scarce that the naval officers will be appealed to to fill up the gaps and tial to the advancement of mankind and to the progress of is case of a lockout or strike to serve as strikebreakers. civilization. We have no hesitation in maintaining that the owner, in the beat of The wealth of the mines from the dawn of time is the epic of passion, would demand the assistance of the Navy Department. Naval tl1e song and ~tory of human advancement, of man's march officers would be appealed to to offer their services and it would in along the paths of progress. Show me a people without mines many instances be difficult for them to refuse, no matter bow degrading and I will show you a people deep in the mire of poverty and they would consider such service. In such a position certainly no naval a thousand years behind the procession of civilization. It was officer ought ever to be placed. Whether men be in the merchant service the mines that made the greatness of the past; tbat made the or in the Navy, the real appeal is to their patriotism, to their pride of ancient civilizations; that made Egypt great; that made Greece calling or profe sion, and men who are not capable of responding to great; that made Rome great; and in modern times the mines that call are not the kind of men that the country can depend upon for brn-e made England and the United States great beyond the d fense in time of war. dreams of avarice. For the reasons above stated, we earnestly and respectfully appeal to The very existence of present-day economic life among the every legislator to insist that these three amendments be adopted. more highly industralized nations rests upon the continued pro­ Most respectfully submitted. duction and consumption of the energy-producing minerals used .ANDREJW FURUSETH, as fuels and of metals and nonmetals. It is because the President Internatio-nal Searntm's U11ion of Amerka. free use of fuels and metals permits the highest known pro­ APmL 30, 1928. duction of useful goods per unit of human energy that there is The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the pro forma amend­ in the United Stntes and parts of Europe to-day the largest ment offered by the gentleman from Wiscousin will be with­ amount of distributable goods per capita ever known OYer auy drawn. considerable period or area. Abandon mining and the value of There was no objection. every commodity would be insignificant, humanity would sink The CHAIRMAN. The q1:1estion is on the amendment offered back to the barter and exchange age. It would be the greatest by the Delegate from Hawaii. calamity that eYer befell the human race. The amendment was agreed to. This Nation's busine s of mining, treating, and using minerals The Clerk concluded the reading of the bill. must be jealously protected. Our age is dominantly a mineral The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the com­ age. Our future national security and prosperity are largely mittee substitute for the Senate bill as amended. dependent upon the future of our mineral production. · The committee sub titute as amended was agreed to. The records of mining on the American continent; form by no Mr. WHITE of Maine. Mr. Chairman, I move that the com­ means the least interesting chapter in its history. The ex­ mittee do now rise and report the bill back to the House with pectation of finding a land possessing greater treasures of gold an amendment, with the recommendation that the amendment be and silver than exi terl elsewhere largely led to the discovery agreed to and that the bill as amended do pass. of the New World and was the predominating motive in the The motion was agreed to. first settlements of most of it. This is especially true of South Ace rdingly the committee ro e; and the Speaker having re­ America. These golden dreams were not destined to be a dis­ sumed the chair, Mr. CRAMTON, Chairman of the Committee of appointment, for a land bad been reached whose realities of the Wbole Hou e on the state of the Union, re.uorted that the metallic wealth were capable of satisfying an almost boundless committee having had under consideration the bni ( S. 744)" to desire. Under Spanish rule the mines · of Mexico and South further develop an American merchant marine, to assure its America poured forth their treasure of silver and gold and permanence in the transportation of the foreign trade of the deluged Europe with an amount of these metals far beyond United States, and for other purposes, had directed him to re- anything ever before dreamed of. LXIX-499 7922 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE l\{A_y 5 The mines of Soutl1 America had been worked for nearly a In 1849 the United States was elec-trified over the news of the century before the first settlements took place upon the sho.res discovery of gold in California. The production of gold in Cali­ of the north Atlantic coast in what is now the United States. fornia in 1849, one year after l\farshall's discovery, was $10,- The early colonists of this country, it would appear, did not 000,000; the output annually increased rapidly, and for the direct their attention to its vast mineral wealth. They con­ year 1852 the production was over $81,000,000. California's fined themselves chiefly to agricultural and mechanical pursuits. wealth of gold surpasses anything yet known to have been The first to turn attention to the mineral resources of the discovered, and in its influence o.n the march of the world Colonies seems to haYe been Governor ·winthrop, of Connecticut, is to be ranked amo.ng the great events of modern times. who, from 1650 to 1660 was engaged at intervals in examining The discovery of gold in California gave an impetus not only ~nd prospecting various metalliferous deposits of the Con­ to searching for this metal but to mining enterprises of all necticut Valley in the vicinity of Haddam and Middletown. kinds throughout the whole United State , nnd laid the founda­ In 1657 he obtained from the Government a license conferring tion for the systematic and economic development of our on him unlimited powers for working any mines of- mineral resources. lead, copper, or tin, or any minerals: As antimony, vitriol, black lead, Since 1880, the beginning of complete record, the total value alum, salt, salt-springs, or any other the like. of the annual output of min{'rals in the United States has risen from about one-third of a billion dollars to over $6,000,· In 1661 he obtained another special grant for any mines he 000,000 and totals nearly $100,000,000,000. might further discover at or near Middletown. It was from The total mineral products of the United States for the tbe researches of his grandson, John Winthrop, and among the year 1926 was as follows: specimens he collected that the mineral columbite was found, as also the new metal, columbium. About the &'lllle perioo Mineral prodtwts of the United States: Quantities and values, 19~6 an argentiferous lead mine was be-ing worked. In 1852 this mine "\.vas again opened, when it was found that the shaft had Product Quantity Value been sunk to a depth of 125 feet, and that the entire excavation had extended to a length of 1,500 feet, and showed extraor­ METALLIC dinary mining ability. $37,583,000 In 1600 it was discovered that the region about Lake 3, 917,000 Superior possessed considerable mineral wealth, as it appears ~856, 000 2, 415,000 from the reports of the Jesuits settled thereabouts that some 430,000 attempts were made to mine copper. 2,000 243,547,000 In 1700 Le Sueur started to explore the Mississippi River, 61,368,000 expressly with the view of making discoveries of the metals, 48,270,000 and found the lead deposits in the vicinity of Dubuque, Iowa. 69,293 174, 016, ()()() In 1702 the first blast furnace in the Colonies was built near 38,181 749, 633, 000 the mouth of Iattakeeset Pond, in Plymouth Co·unty, 1\Iass., by 680,685 108, 910, 000 an English immigrant named Lambert Despart. Other furnaces 46,258 1, 229,000 1, 235,431 3,138, 000 were soon afterward erected to work the bog ores which were 7,642 702,000 abundant in the locality. About the same period ore of similar 51,000 (7) character was discovered in Rhode I sland and blast furnace 306 224,000 erected. In 1715 Maryland, Virgi.rl.i:!, and PennsylYania fol­ (7) (7) lowe ;:ts to m~ke available ore that is now and steadily declined. In 1926 the gold production of the 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 7925 country was $48,270,000, representing a decline of over 50 per sidered from time to time, but in spite of their recognized merit cent in 10 years. At the present rate of decline within a com­ and importance, through lack of appropriations, no work has paratively short period of years, the United States will becom_e been possible : practically a nongold producing Nation·. The present decrease AREAL GEOLOGY of gold production demands serious consideration, as the ma~n­ Geology of Death Valley, Calif. tenance of a sufficient gold reserve is essential to the secunty Geologic map of Utah. of our national finance and credit. The United States is at Geologic guide to Grand Canyon region. present the mo t favored nation· in regard to gold reserves, Geologic guide to Yellowstone National Park. holding over $3,000,000,000, or more than one-third of the gold Areal geology, Lowry Peak quadrangle, Nevada. stock of the world, but it has contracted debts on a gold basis Correlation of Jura-Trias in Rocky Mountain region. of many times that existing before the war. Correlation of Permian beds of Rocky Mountain region. Since the outbreak of the World War prices of all commodi­ Physiography of the lower Mississippi River basin. ties have increased greatly except that of gold, which as the Areal geology of northwestern Connecticut. standard of value is fixed at $20.67 per ounce. Thus the pur­ Relations of geology and gravity anomalies. chasing power of gold has diminished as the price of other GEOLOGY OF THE r.fETALLIFEROUS MINERALS commodities has risen. The great increase in the cost of gold mining bas discouraged new enterprises and curtailed existing Mining districts of Montana. operations. Many mines have been compelled to close. l\Iost of Mining districts of Idaho. the mines that have continued operations -have been able to do Mining districts of California. so only by practicing the most rigid economy and by the curtail­ Mining districts of Arizona. ment of development work. Every po sible assistance in the Mining districts of Utah. way of legislation, both Federal and State, must be given to Geology and geophysical methods of prospecting. the gold-mining industry. The Government, through the Bureau IRON ANl> STEEL METALS of l\Iines, should also a sist in improving the methods of mining Iron ores of Lake Superior region. and metallurgy of gold ore, particularly in the treatment of Western iron ot·es. complex and low-grade ore. .A wide field of work is presented War minerals (chrome, manganese, fiourspar, tungsten, molybdenum, here. It is time that a reallv serious effort should be made to etc.). solve the gold-production problem. NONMETALS The United States still lacks in the development of adequate Building stones. supplies of a number of highly essential minerals, such as tin. Concrete materials. platinum, nickel, chromium, quicksilyer, antimony, potash, and Salines. nitrates. The discovery of reserves of these highly important Abrasives, diatomaceous earth, etc. minerals, or the devising of methods of substitution, furnishes Gems and semiprecious minerals. important fields of investigation. FUELS The possibilities of substitution of abundant minerals for rare Appalachian coals. minerals is one of which we know little. The competition of Fundamentals of coal classifica~n and microstructure of coals. mineral with mineral is of large, but little understood, impor­ Western coal field (additional). tflllce. How the properties of metals can be changed by alloying Western oil and gas distribution. with others and other similar problems demand solution. Regional structures in relation to oil and gas. The United States produces approximately two-thirds of the Studies of source rocks of oil and gas. world's supply of petroleum, yet under present production Oil, gas, and water relations and cha.t:acters. methods something like 75 per cent of the oil is left unrecovered in the ground. Here is a most important subject for investiga­ .All of the problems that have been mentioned and hun­ tion. dreds of others that could be mentioned, Mr. Speaker, if time In the Lake Superior country, both on the iron ranges and in would permit, which affect the mineral industries are of the the copper district, there is a definite and known limit of the utmost national importance. tonnage that can be shipped, unless we have new methods of There is an urgent need for Congress to recognize more finding ore and new processes of treatment of material too lean seriou ly the outstanding importance of our mineral resources to come at present within economic limits. in maintaining our po ition in world affairs, and to appreciate Nearly one-third of the Nation's enormous coal reserves are that it is due to their wide exploitation that our great national in the form of lignite, which underlies vast areas in the North­ development is to be attributed. . west, in Texas, and other regions. Much is yet to be done to The support now afforded the United States Geological Sur­ devise methods for making available this enormous deposit for vey and the Bureau of l\Iines, in proportion to their respon­ commercial use. sibilities, and in proportion to the value of the industry which Extensive research work is yet necessary to cominercially they represent is · o small as to constitut~ evidence of a thor­ make available the oil contained in mountains of oil shale that ough lack of understanding of the subject. Public opinion will extend through our Western States. assert itself when it has been sufficiently informed as to the real facts. The Bureau of Mines has many problems pending before it for In most of the highly developed nations the mineral indus­ solution, on which it has been unable through lack of appro­ try is advanced by every governmental means, and a secretary priations to make a start-some of the typical problems being of mine or the equivalent in rank, occupies in the Cabinet a as follows: responsible and_important position in the Government. If the Study of hydrometallurgy of low-grade manganese ores. .American mineral industry is to maintain its position, it must Studies of permissible or desirable explosives for use in metal mines have the benefit of continuous research of the widest and most (at present the study being confined to coal mining). fundamental character, and in this program the Fede1·al Gov- Geophysical methods of prospecting. ernment mu t carry its part of the load. · Studies of mining methods and costs. The annual appropriations of the Bureau of Mines and the Methods of mine sampling and valuation. United States Geological Survey should be materially increased Various problems of more ell'ective fuels utilization. so as to enable them to properly undertake the important work Beneficiation ·of fuels, notably washing of coal. with which they are confronted. Methods of beneficiation of low-grade iron ores. CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL POST ROADS Improvements in blast furnaces and blast-furnace practice. Experiments along the llnes Of selective fiotation. l\Ir. COLTON. !.Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take Problems of support of roof and underground workings, including from the Speaker's table the bill (S. 3674) to amend the act ground subsidence, as affecting mining. entitled "An act to provide that the United States shall aid the Recovery of elemental sulphur from smelter fumes. States in the constr~ction of rural post roads, and for other purposes," approved July 11, 1916, as amended and supple­ Recovery of potash from the great salt beds of the Southwest. mented, and for other purposes, and consider the same in the Studies of American coals fi·om the point of view of gas and by- House as in Committee of the Whole. If this consent is product production. granted, I shall then ask unanimous consent to amend by strik· Increased study of physical chemistry of steel making. ing out all after the enacting clause and sub. tituting the bill In the marketing of minerals and mineral products, there is a H. R. 7343. The bill that passed the Senate is similar, but there marked lack of well-selected records and sifted data. are one or two matters in the Senate bill that may be objection­ Many important projects are pending before the United able to the House, and I feel sure there is no objection to the States Geological Survey for study and field investigation. As House bill. It has a unanimous report from the Committee on an illustration, the following list of projects have been con- Roads. 7926 CONGl{ESSION AL. RECORD-HOUSE ~{.A.Y 5 The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Utab asks unanimous Receipts for the calendar year 1927 approximated the total con. ent to take from the Speaker's table the bill S. 3674 and appropriations made for conducting the entire Postal Service conRider the same in the House as in Committee of the Wbole. of the United States at the time the last adjustment of the Is there objection? salary of the postmaster \Yas made, viz, 1875 to 1876. There was no objection. The volume of business of the New York post office exceeds The Clerk read the title of the Senate bill. that of the entire Dominion of Canada. 1\.lr. CRAMTON. 1\lr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that The volume of business tranRacted in one month at the pre. ent the Senate bill may be considered as read, inasmuch as the time approximateR more than twice the busines transacted for Hou:e bill will be a complete substitute. the entire year when the salary was first fixed at $8,000 per The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the annum. gentleman from l\liebigan? The responsibilities of the postmaster increased corre ponding ~'here was no objection. to the increase of the volume of business and the per onnel, and M:r. COLTON. Mr. Speaker, I now offer the amendment. wa also increased by the introduction of the following addi­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Utah offers an amend- tional new activities of the Postal Service: ment, which the Clerk w·ill report. The Clerk read a follows: Postal savings established Janua ry 1, 1912. Parcel post inaugurated Januat·y 1, 1013. Amendment offered by Mr. COLTON: Strike out all after the enacting Government-owned motor-verucle service added to the postmaster's clause and insert: respomdbilities in December, 1917. That for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of the act Central accounting s ~:stf'm in 1920. entitled "An act to provide that the United States shall aid the Distribution of supplies. States in the construction of rural post roads, and fot· other pur­ po~ e ," approved July 11, 1916, and all acts amendatory thereof and All of these added activitie ~ and the growth of the business supplementary thereto, there is hNeby authorized to be appropriated, increase the responsibilities, but no adjustment in salary bas out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the been made. construction, by the Bureau of Public Roads, of the main roads The New York post office has 55 das:ified station and 265 tllrough unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian contract stations. Over 18,000 employees are required to man lands, or other Federal reservations-- the servicE'. That which is true of the New York City post The sum of '3,500,000 fot· the fiscal year ending June 30, 1929. office with regard to the ever-increasing responsibility of the The sum of $3,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1030. postma ter and the inadequacy of his salary is likewise true con­ The sum of $3,Ci00,000 fot· the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931 : cerning the other office affected by the provi ions of this bilL Prot:ided, That the sums hereby authorized shall be allocated to the 'l'he following post office, are included in H. R. 5 37: States having mot·e than 5 per cent of their area in lands herein­ above referred to, and said sums shall be apportioned among said New York, T. Y. ; Chicago, Ill.; Philadelprua, ra. ; Boston, Mass.; States in the proportion that said lands in each of said States is t o St. I.ouis, Mo. ; Kansas City, l\1o. ; Detroit, l\1icb. ; Cleveland, Ohio; the total area of said lands in the States eligible under the provisions Washington, D. C. ; Los .Angeles, Calif. ; San Francisco, Calif. ; Brook­ of this act. lyn, N. Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; l'ittsburgh. Pa.; Minneapolis, :Minn.; SEC. 2. All acts or parts of a~s in anyway inconsistent with the Baltimore, l\Id.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Buffalo, N. Y. ; Indianapolis, Ind.; provisions of this act are hereby repealed, and this act shall take St. J:>aul, Miml.; Newark, N. J.; Atlanta, Ga.; Dallas, Tex.; Denver, effect on its passage. Colo. ; Seattle, Wash. ; Des :\loines, Iowa ; Portland, Oreg. ; New Orleans, La.; Omaha, Nebr.; Columbus, Ohio; R().('bester, N. Y.; Loulsvill(>, Ky.; Th2 amendment was agreed to. Springfield, Ohio; Toledo, Ohio; Richmond, Va.; hl'emphis, Tenn. ; The f.Ul as amended was ordered to be rend a third time, was Dayton, Ohio ; Providence, R. I. ; Hartford, Conn. ; Nashville, Tenn. ; read the third time, and passed. Oakland, Calif.; llouston, Tex.; Syracuse, N. Y.; New Haven, Conn.; On motion of l\Ir. CoLTON, a motion to reconsider the vote Grand Rapids, Mich.; Albany, N. Y.; li"'ort Worth, Tex.; Bit·mingbam, by which the bill was passed was laid on the table. Ala. ; .Akron, Ohio; Ilarri. burg, Pa.; Oklahoma City, Okla.; and Jer­ A similar House bill was laid on the table. sey City, N. J. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE APPROPRIATION BILL The Postmaster General sent the following letter to the com­ Mr. DICKINSON of Iowa. 1\Ir. Speaker, I pre ent, for print­ mittee when this measure was consideTed in the Sixty-ninth ing under the rule, conference report on the bHI (H. R. 11577) Congress: making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal y~ar ending June 30, 1929, and for other purposes. POST OFFICE DEPAitT.MiilNT, Washington, D. C.~ February 11, 1.927. POSTMASTERS' SALARIES Mr. MEAD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend 'ro the CHAIRMAN COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICES AND ROADS : my remarks on the bill (H. R. 5837) to increase salaries of the Supplementing my letter of February 14, 1927, with r0ferencP to the fir ·t-class postmasters. and to include therein a report of the bill (S. 5314) amending the act of Febmary 28, 1925, reclassifying the Postma 'ter General on that subject. salaries of postmasters so as to increase the salaries at a number of The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York a.sks unani­ the larger post offices I have to submit the following: mous consent to extend hiN remarks in the RECORD in the manner '!'he basis of fixing the salari0s of postmasters at the offices affected indicated. Is there objection? bad not bePn changed since the act of March 3, 1883, which fixe the There was no objection. salary of the postmaster of New York at $8,000, until the act of . .Tune Mr. MEAD. Mr. Speaker. I Rincerely hope the bill introduced 5, 1020. In the meantime by special laws the salaries of the post­ by Mr. SPROUL of Illinois (H. R. 5837) to increase the f'alal'ies masters at Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, and St. Louis were fixed of a number of postmasters of the larger post offices, which at $8,000. The act of June 5, 1920, modified tbe act of March 3, 1883, recently received the approval of the Bou,-.e PoRt Office Com­ so as to provide that at post offic('s having groRs r eceipts of $7,000,000 mittee, as wen as the approval of the House itself, will merit or more the salm·y of the postmaster shall be $8,000. the favorable consideration of those whose duty it now is to pass 'l'he receipts of the New York post office for the year ended December judgment thereon. 31, 1926, wt-re $72,670,000, more than sixteen times what they were The meager compensation of the group of postmm~tE>rs this when the salary was fixed at $8,000. At the time the alary of the bill is intended to increase bas for years been a reproach upon postmaster of New York was fixed at $8,000 the revenues of tbe entire our Federal Gov-ernment. As an illustration of the justice of postal service were only 42,818,000. At that time the number of sta­ this bill, let us con ~ ider the case of the postmaster of New York tions or branch post offices was 16. 'ro-day it is 50. Comparatively City. tbe same may be said of all other offices affected by tbe proposed legis­ The salary of the postmaster at New York was fixed by a spe­ lation except those which through increasing receipts l1ave been bene­ cial act of Congre~ more than 50 years ao-o. By comparing the fited by the act of June 5, 1920. In short, of the 48 offices affected by office of 50 years ago with the office of to-day we find: the proposed legislation based upon the receipts for the y(>ar end<.'d December 31, 1925, all except 11 are fixed on the same basis as was 1875 1927 provided in the act of 1\larch 3, 1883. It should also be borne in mind that the money-order business has Postal recei pts: increased enormously in the period since the basis for fixing these sal­ Rece i pts_ ~ ____ ------$3, 1G6, 946. 19 $75, 552, 970. 91 aries was fixed and the postal-saving bank bas been established, · both SurplusExpenditures_------______------_------_ 839,445. 82 36, 240, 998. 13 of which features are not reflectPd in the postal l'eceipts. 2, 327, 500. 37 39, 303, 062. 78 In my judgment tbe legislation proposed is conservative in view of the vastly greater responsibility imposed on these postmasters. Personnel assigned, number of employees, 1880, approximately 1,500; 1928, over 18,000. Sincerely yours, Stations operated, 1880, 19; 1928, 55. IIARRY S. NEW, Postmaster GencraZ. 1928 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE .7927 From the frank fatement of the Postmaster General we can er's table, I may be permitted to address the House for 20 readily appreciate the unanimity of action which characterized minutes. the con. ideration of the bill by our committee. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York asks unani­ In a more recent letter, addressed to the Director of the mous consent that on Tuesday next, after disposition of mat­ Bureau of the Budget, the Postmaster General explains the pro­ ters- on· the Speaker's table, he may be permitted to address the visions of the bill in greater detail and concludes by saying its House for 20 minutes. I there objection? passage is fully justified : Mr. SCHAFER. Reserving the right to object, on what MARCH 14, 1928. subject? Hon. HERBERT M. LoRD, Mr. JACOB STEIN. Reapportionment. Director Bureoo of the Budget. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? SIR: Pursuant to Budget regulations I am submitting a. copy of a There was no objection. bill (H. R. 5 37) to increase the salaries of postmasters at a. number of Mr. LEAVITT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to the larger post offices, with request ior information as to whether the insert at the point of the consideration of the bill S. 3594 legislation proposed is in conflict with the financial program of the an argument setting forth in writing the report of the Com­ President. mittee on Indian Affairs on the bilL The basis of fixing the salaries of postmasters at the offices affected The SPEAKER. The gentleman from l\fontaua asks unani­ bad not been ahanged since the act of March 7, 1883, which fixed the mous con. ent to insert a report of the committee on the bill salary of the postmaster of New York at $8,000 until the act of June which has just passed. Is there objection? 5, 19::!0. In the meantime by special Jaws the salaries of the postmas­ There was no objection.

ters at Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, and St. Louis were fixed at $8,000. GRAl\l> ~MY OF THE REPUBLic-MEMORIAL DAY SERVICES The act of June 5, 1920, modified the act of March 3, 1883, so as to provide that at po:-t offices having gross receipts of $7,000,000 or more Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I a~k unanimous con. ent for the the salary of the po tmaster shall be $8,000. It provides also that the immediate consideration of the bill ( S. 3791) to aid the Grand salaries of postmasters at post offices where the gross receipts amount Army of the Republic in its Memorial Day services May 30, to • 600,000, but are less than $7,000,000, shall be 6,000. Thus the 1928. salaries of the postmasters of Pittsburgh, Pa., and New York, N. Y., are The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Indiana asks unani­ $8,000 and the receipts for the calendar year ended December 31, 1927, mous consent for the present consideration of Senate Resolution were $7,683,83!) and $75,549,362, respectively. The salaries of the post­ 3791, which the Clerk will report by title. . masters of Erie, Pa., and Minneapolis, Minn., are $6,000, whereas the The Clerk read as follows: receipts for the calendar year ended December 31, 1927, were $646,341 An act (S. 3791) to aid the Grand .Army of the Republic in its and $6,313,40~, respectively, and the number of employees 128 and 1,042, Memorial Day services May 30, 1928. respectively. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? ~ Und«:>r the provisions of the proposed legislation there is no change There was no objection. in grades and salaries except at omces where the receipts are $600,000 or more. The changes proposed correct the inequitable adjustmen! The Clerk read the bill, as follows: described above and are as follows : Be it enactect, etc., That the sum of $2,000 be, and the same hereby $600,000~ but less than $1.500.000 ______$6, 000 is, appropriated to aid the Grand Army of the Republic (Inc.) in its $1,500,0v0, but less than $3,000,000______7, 000 Memorial Day services, May 30, 1928, and in the decoration of the $R,OOO.OOO, but less than $7,000,000______8, 000 graves of the Union soldiers, sailors, and marines with flags and flowers $7,000,000, but Jess than $10.000,000______9, 000 $10,000,000, but less than $20,000,000 ______10, 000 in the national cemeteries in the District of Columbia and in the Arling­ $20,000,000, but less than $40,000,000 ______11, 000 ton National Cemetery, in Virginia. $40,000,000 and upward------12, 000 SEc. 2. That said fund shall be paid to the quartermaster of the The receipts of the New York post office for the year ended December Grand Aimy of the Republic, Department of the Potomac, for dis­ 31, 1927, were more than sixteen times what tb<'y were when the salary bursement. was fixed at $8,000, and at that time the revenues of the entire Postal The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the ·service were only $42,818,000. At that time the number of stations or third time, and passed. branch post offices was 16. To-day it is 54. Comparatively the same may be aid of all other offices affected by the proposed legislation, On motion of Mr. 'Voon, a motion to reconsider the vote was except those which through increasing receipts have been benefited by laid on the table. Mr. CONNERY. Mr. S~aker, I want to ask the gentleman the act of June 5, 1920. - .from Indiana a question. The bill just pa sed provides for the Of the 107 po t offices having receipts of $600,000 or more for the if calendar year ended December 31, 1927, the salaries of the postmaste11s Grand Army, and I want to ask anything bas been done about all will be increased at 52 offices, involving an additional cost of $82,000, providing flags on of the graves at Arlington. Mr. WOOD. This is to aid the Grand Army of the Republic, as follows: which i becoming small in numbers, and the few that are living 2 from $8,000 to $12,000------$8, 000 are very feeble in their services on Memorial Day. 1 from $8,000 to $11,000------3, 000 5 from $8.000 to $10,000------10, 000 Mr. CONNERY. I understand, and we are all in favol of 6 from $8,000 to $9,000______6, 000 17 from 6,000 to .8,000 ______34,000 that ; but what I wanted to inquire was if provision bas been 21 from $6,000 to $7,000 ______21, 000 made for a flag on every soldier's grave on Memorial Day. There ought to be one. 82,000 ORDER OF BUSINESS It should be borne in mind that the increased revenues of these Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ~fficers are aft'ected not only by the expansion of the service conducted make an inquiry of the gentleman from Connecticut about a in 1883 but by the addition of the parcel-post system, which bas greatly matter that I have been asked about. I have not looked at added to the responsibility ef conducting the business of these large offices. Furthermore, the money-LLED BILLS SIGNED Calendar. Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on . Enrolled Bills, re­ Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii: Committee on the Public Lands. ported that th\~Y bad examined and found truly enrolled a bill of H. R. 10157. A bill making an additional grant of Lands for the following tale, when the Speaker signed the same: the support and maintenance of the Agricultural College and II. R. 8229. An act for the appointment of an additional cir­ School of Mines of the Territory of Alaska, and for other pur­ cuit judg-e for the sixth judicial cir('uit. poses; without amendment (Rept. No. 1528). Referred to the The SPEAKER also announced his signature to an enrolled Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. bill of the Senate of the following title: Mr. SPEAKS: Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 13446. s. 3438. An act authorizing a per capita payment to the Rose­ A bill to amend the national defense act; without amendment bud Sioux Indians, South Dakota. (Rept. No. 1531). Referred to the Committee of the Whole BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT House on the state of the Union. Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ Mr. DENISON: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ ported that this day they presented to the President of the merce. H. R. 13512. A bill to amend the act entitled "An United States for his approval bills of the House of the follow­ act to create the Inland Water\Yays Corporation for the pur­ ing tit1es: pose of carrying out the mandate and purpose of Congr ss, as H. R. 8229. An act for the appointment of an additional cir­ expressed -in sections 201 and 500 of the transportation act, and cuit judge for the sixth judicial circuit ; for other purposes," approved June 3, 1924; with amendment H. R. 10536. An act granting six months' pay to Anita W. ( llept. No. 1537). Referred to the Committee of the Whole Dyer; and House on the state of the Union. H. R. 12733. An act to authorize the refund of certain taxes Mr. LEA : Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. on distilled spirits. H. R. 10162. A bill for the relief of the land-grant raihyoad operated between the station formerly known as East Port­ ADJOURNMENT land, in the State of Oregon, and Roseville, in the State of Cali­ 1\fr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now fc.rnia; without amendment (Rept. No. 1538). Referred to the adjourn. House Calendar. The motion was agreed to; accor:dingly (at 4 o'clock and 43 Mr. JENKINS: Committee on Immigration and Naturaliza­ minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, Sunday, tion. S. J. Res. 5. A joint re. olution to grant a preference to l\fay G, 1928, at 2 o'clock p. m. the wives and minor children of alien declar.ants in the i ·uance of immigration visas: with amendment (Rept. No. 1539). Re­ COMMITTEE HEARINGS ferred to the House Calendar. Mr. TILSO:N submitted the following tentative list of com~ mi~ee hearings scheduled for Monday, May 7, 1928, as reported REPORTS OF COMM~TE~~~~T1~N~RIVA:rE BILLS AND to the floor leader by clerks of the several committees: COMMITTEE ON :FOREIGN AFFAIRS Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. KNUTSON: Committee on Pensions. H. R. 13563. A (10.30 a. m.) bill granting pensions and increa e of pensions to certain sol­ To provide for the reorganization of the Department of State diers and sailors of the Regular Army and Navy, etc., and (H. R. 13179). certain soldiers and sailors of wars other than the Civil War, COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA and to widows of such soldiers and sailors; without amendment ( 10.30 a. m.) ( Rept. No. 1525). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. To authorize the merger of street-railway corporations operat­ Mr. WARE : Committee on Claims. H. R. 4776. A bltl for ing in the District of Columbia (H. J. Res. 276). the relief of Dr. Stanley R. Teachout; with amendment (Rept. COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE No. 1529). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. (10 a. m.) Mr. HALE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 5995. A bill For the prevention and removal of obstructions and burdens for the relief of John F. O'Neil; without amendment (Rept. No. upon interstate commerce in cotton by regulating transactions 1530). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. on cotton-futures exchanges (H. R. 11017). Mr. RATHBONE: Committee on Claims. H. R. 10125. A bill for the relief of Leo Scbeuren; with amendment (Rept. COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS No. 1532). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. ( 10.30 a. m.) Mr. RATHBONE: Committee on Claims. H. R. 1012G. A To authorize the Secretary of the Navy to proceed with the bill for the relief of Loretta Pepper; with amendment ( Rept. construction of certain public works (H. R. 13319). No. 1533). Referred to the Commit~ee · of the Whole IIou e. Mr. JENKINS: Committee on War Claims. II. R. 12638. A bill for the relief of David A. Wright; with amendment EXECUTIVE CO:Ml\IUNICATIONS, ETC. (Rept. No. 1534). Referred to the Committee of the Whole Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications House. were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows : Mr. SPEAKS : Committee on Military Affairs. S. 162. An 486. A letter from the Secretary of the Navy, transmitting act for the relief of William 1\f. Sherman; without amendment draft of a proposed bill to prohibit the making of photographs, (Rept. No. 1535). Referred to the Committee of the Whole sketches, or maps of vital military and naval defensive installa- House. 1928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .7929 PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. MURPHY: A bill (H. R. 13583) granting an increase Under clause 3 of Rule :XXII, public bills and resolutions were of pension to Isabelle Simpson ; to the Committee on Invalid introduced and severally referred as follows : Pensions. By Mr. KNUTSON: A bill (II. R. 13563) granting pensions Also, a bill (H. R. 13584) granting an increase of pension to and increa:;e of pensions to certain soldiers and sailors of the Emma Teagarden ; to the Committee on Pensions. Regular Army and Navy, etc., and certain soldiers and sailors By Mr. SCHNEIDER: A bill (H. R. 13585) granting an in~ of war. other than the Civil War, and to widows of such sol­ crease of pension to Dolly Matoxen; to the Committee on In­ dier and sailors; committed to the Committee of the Whole valid Pensions. House. By Mr. STALKER: A bill (H. R. 13586) granting a pension By Mr. BAJ\"KllEAD: A bill (H. R. 13564) to provide that to Adalida Austin; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the United States ~ hall cooperate with the States in promoting By Mr. TATGENHORST: A bill (H. R. 13587) granting a the health of the rural population of the United States, and for pension to Joseph Emminger ; to the Committee on Pen­ other purpooes; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign sions. Commerce. By Mr. TREADWAY: A bill (H. R. 13588) granting a pension By Mr. GIBSON: A bill (H. R. 13565) to amend the act to Jeosie L. Clark; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. entitJed "An act for the retirement of employees in the classified By Mr. WELSII of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 13589) for the civil ~::;ervice, and for other purpo·es," approved July 3, 1926; to relief of Atlantic Refining Co., a corporation of the State of the Committee on the Civil SerYice. Pennsylvania, owner of the American steam. hip H. a. By l\.Ir. GRAHAM: A bill (H. R. 13566) to provide for th£: Folger, against U. S. S. Connecticut; to the Committee on appretary, Lawton, Okla., of a monument to 1-See-0; to the Committee on Henry J. N1es, 148 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., indorsing the Library. House bill 25, the Dale-Lehlbach bill ; to the Committee on the AI o, joint resolution (H. J. Res. 297) to authorize the erec­ Chtl Service. tion on the home site of the All-American Indian American 7434. By Mr. FITZPATRICK: Petition from. the Mailers' Legion Post, No. 12, near the Kiowa Hospital, near Lawton, Union No. 6, International Typographical Union, favorino- the Okla., of a monument to Chief Quanah Parker; to the Commit­ passage of the G lie t postal bill ; to the Committee on tlleb Post tee on the Library. Office and Po t Road . 7435. Also, petition from Paper Cutters, Binding Machine PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Operators, and Embo"sers Protective Union, No. 119, favoring the pas age of the Griest postal bill; to the Committee on the .Unde·r clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolu~ions were introdueed and severally referred as follows: Post Office and Post Roads. By Mr. ANTHONY: A bill (H. R. 13569) granting an increase 7436. By Mr. GARBER: Petition of W. A. Hoover, com­ of pen ion to Martha Lamb; to the Committee on Invalid mander Disabled Veterans of the World War, and H. Haenel Pen. ions. ~mmander Pol:it No. 169, American Legion, of Outwood, Ky.: By Mr. BURDICK: A bill (H. R. 13570) granting an increase m. ~-upport of Senate bill 4041 and House bill 5477; to the Com­ of pension to Frances M. Lynch; to the Committee on Invalid mittee on World War ·Veterans' Legislation. Pen ions. 7437. Also, petition of Colorado River Commission of Arizona By Mr. COLE of Maryland: A hill (H. R. 13571) for the Phoenix, Ariz., in opp