DOCSLIB.ORG

Jpmorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jpmorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space 4/5/2021 JPMorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space - WSJ This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit https://www.djreprints.com. https://www.wsj.com/articles/jpmorgan-salesforce-join-growing-list-of-irms-dumping-ofice-space-11617096603 PROPERTY REPORT JPMorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space Rise of remote work means demand for ofice space could be permanently lower for some companies JPMorgan started marketing 700,000 square feet of ofice space in lower Manhattan earlier this year. PHOTO: JUSTIN LANEEPASHUTTERSTOCK By Konrad Putzier Updated March 30, 2021 521 pm ET Listen to this article 5 minutes JPMorgan Chase & Co., Salesforce. com Inc. and PricewaterhouseCoopers are among the major firms looking to unload big blocks of office space, the latest sign that remote work is hurting demand for this pillar of commercial real estate. Large companies typically sign office leases for a decade or longer, giving them few options for reducing their footprint beyond trying to sublease floors to other tenants. At the end of 2020, 137 million square feet of office space was available for sublease across the U.S., according to CBRE Group Inc. That is up 40% from a year earlier and the highest figure since 2003. https://www.wsj.com/articles/jpmorgan-salesforce-join-growing-list-of-firms-dumping-office-space-11617096603 1/4 4/5/2021 JPMorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space - WSJ While sublet space increases during every recession as struggling businesses look to cut costs, firms typically add office space when the economy picks up again. But this time many of the companies ditching real estate are doing well financially; they say they need less space because they plan for more employees to work at least part time from home even after the pandemic is over. That raises the prospect that demand for office space could be permanently lower at some companies, much like the rise of e-commerce has been driving down demand and rents for street-level retail. This flurry of subleasing activity is already causing fresh headaches for landlords. Office rents for more expensive space, including concessions, fell around 17% over the past year in New York and San Francisco and 13% nationwide, according to real-estate firm JLL. Space available for sublease as a share of all ofice space % Q4 2000 Q4 2005 Q4 2010 Q4 2015 Q4 2020 Source: CBRE Sublease space usually comes with an additional 25% discount, said David Falk, president of the New York tri-state region at real-estate services firm Newmark. And since firms can sublease on short notice, rising sublease availability can serve as an early indicator of the true state of the office market. https://www.wsj.com/articles/jpmorgan-salesforce-join-growing-list-of-firms-dumping-office-space-11617096603 2/4 4/5/2021 JPMorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space - WSJ The speed at which sublet availability has been rising is “astonishing,” said Phil Ryan, director of U.S. office research at JLL. Some companies are merely testing what they can get by subletting and may ultimately decide to keep their space, brokers say. But by adding to office supply when there are few takers, they are helping push down rents across cities and at times could compete for business with their own landlords. JPMorgan started marketing 700,000 square feet of office space in lower Manhattan earlier this year. That is the largest block of space available for sublease in Manhattan, according to real-estate services firm Savills Inc. PricewaterhouseCoopers and Yelp Inc. have also listed space in New York for sublease, brokers say. FUTURE OF THE OFFICE •The Death of the Ofice Desk Is Upon Us (Jan. 13) •Why the Ofice Isn’t Going Away (Dec. 13) •New York City Tech Startups Rethink Their Ofice Space and Culture (Nov. 1) •When It’s Time to Go Back to the Ofice, Will It Still Be There? (May 16) Salesforce has listed space for rent in one of its San Francisco office buildings. Uber Technologies Inc. and Wells Fargo & Co. are also adding to sublease availability in that city, though the companies have indicated that decision was unrelated to work-from- home policies, say people familiar with the matter. Tech companies, until recently the most aggressive acquirers of office space in cities such as San Francisco and New York, are now at the forefront of the sublease boom. These companies have in some cases embraced remote work faster than other industries, analysts say, and are more willing to reduce real-estate exposure as a result. In previous years, tech companies often leased more space than they needed at the time to be prepared for growth, JLL’s Mr. Ryan said. This practice, dubbed space banking, has left some with too much office space that they are now trying to get rid of. https://www.wsj.com/articles/jpmorgan-salesforce-join-growing-list-of-firms-dumping-office-space-11617096603 3/4 4/5/2021 JPMorgan, Salesforce Join Growing List of Firms Dumping Office Space - WSJ When cloud-storage company Dropbox Inc. agreed to take over a 700,000-square-feet- plus office development in San Francisco in 2017, it was billed as the largest office lease in the city’s history. But recently, the company sublet a large part of the space to two biotech companies at discounted rates. Dropbox has said most of its employees will primarily work from home in the future, citing surveys showing that most prefer to do so and a study that found workers are more focused at home. Companies that put space up for sublease often have little choice but to accept steep losses. Dropbox said during a recent earnings call that it expects to earn more than $800 million by subleasing real estate, but it will also write down the value of its leases by around $400 million because sublease income is lower than the rent it pays. SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS Do you expect to return to an ofice building, and if so, when? Join the conversation below. Big financial companies and law firms, both popular tenants because they are willing to pay high rents, are also ditching office space, brokers say. And the suburbs aren’t immune either. A number of companies are looking to get rid of call centers and other back-office facilities in cheap locations, Mr. Ryan said. In the Chicago suburbs, healthcare provider AMITA Health recently put up its headquarters for sublease. Like Dropbox, the company surveyed its employees and found that many liked working from home, said the company’s chief operating officer, Thor Thordarson. “Our associates’ desire to work remotely and our ability to provide alternate work environments, in turn, requires less physical office space,” he said. Write to Konrad Putzier at [email protected] Appeared in the March 31, 2021, print edition as 'Office-Space Subleases Flood Market.' Copyright © 2021 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit https://www.djreprints.com. https://www.wsj.com/articles/jpmorgan-salesforce-join-growing-list-of-firms-dumping-office-space-11617096603 4/4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shutterstock to Acquire Premiumbeat, a Leading Provider of Royalty Free Music
    Shutterstock to Acquire PremiumBeat, A Leading Provider of Royalty Free Music New York and Montreal– January 15, 2015 – Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a leading global provider of commercial digital imagery and music, has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire PremiumBeat, a leading provider of exclusive, high‐quality music and sound effects for use in videos, films, television, apps, games, and other creative projects. Given the rising importance of video and interactive content, creators around the world increasingly seek affordable, high‐quality music to bring their projects to life. Earlier this year Shutterstock set out to make licensable music accessible to any business with the launch of Shutterstock Music; the acquisition of PremiumBeat will help to accelerate this mission. PremiumBeat works with leading composers to offer a high‐quality library of exclusive music to the world’s best businesses, including advertising and media agencies, as well as Fortune 500 companies. “We are excited to add such a complementary business in PremiumBeat, with a fast‐growing customer base and an extraordinary collection,” said Jon Oringer, founder and CEO of Shutterstock. “We understand the intersection between music and video and believe that music licensing will benefit from the same, strong market demand we are capitalizing on with video.” Shutterstock recently surpassed the milestone of more than one million video clips licensed. “We share the same vision as Shutterstock to support video editors, marketers and content creators around the world as they tell engaging stories,” said Francois Arbour, CEO of PremiumBeat. “We are excited to leverage Shutterstock’s global reach and leadership in video licensing.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Annual Report
    2013 ANNUAL REPORT THE WORLD’S CREATIVE MARKETPLACE Photo: David Yellen A LETTER FROM OUR CEO Dear Shutterstock stockholders, inside of Shutterstock, and we look forward to watching it grow. Growth. When we talk about Shutterstock’s progress over the last year, that word keeps coming up. In 2013 Within Shutterstock, we introduced Spectrum, a we served more customers and delivered more files search tool designed and built in-house that allows than ever before. We added more than 100 talented customers to search millions of high-quality employees to our team. Our image and video commercially released images by color. collections continued to improve in size and in quality. We explored new areas and introduced two new We serve customers in over 150 countries, and in brands. And we finished the year while putting the 2013 we doubled the number of languages we final coats of paint on our new headquarters in the support on Shutterstock.com from 10 to 20, Empire State Building. with the addition of Turkish, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, In everything we do at Shutterstock, we never stop Korean and Thai. learning, testing and optimizing. As we look back on a year of accomplishments, we see so many reasons to To better serve customers on mobile devices, we also be optimistic about the future ahead. added German and Portuguese language support to our popular Shutterstock app for iOS, and introduced Business Overview. For the first time in 2013, we our first Shutterstock app for Android. delivered more than 100 million downloads to our paying customers.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock to Acquire Rex Features, Expands Focus on Editorial Imagery
    Shutterstock to Acquire Rex Features, Expands Focus on Editorial Imagery London and New York – January 15, 2015 – Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a leading global provider of commercial digital imagery and music, has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Rex Features, the largest independently owned photographic press agency in Europe. Rex offers media companies and advertisers images and videos that capture the world around us, including a live feed of tightly edited celebrity, entertainment, sports and news images and videos, along with access to a multi‐decade archive of iconic images. With Rex’s editorial expertise and Shutterstock’s technical prowess, the combined companies plan to bring a comprehensive offering to market across both editorial and commercial content. “The acquisition of Rex Features marks our substantive entry into editorial imagery — a new market for Shutterstock with significant potential and many opportunities to better serve global media companies,” said Jon Oringer, Shutterstock founder and CEO. With offices in London and Los Angeles, Rex serves thousands of customers, including many of the world’s leading magazines, websites, newspapers, agencies, and broadcasters. “Given Shutterstock’s volume leadership in commercial imagery and Rex’s history of meeting customers’ editorial needs, we are excited about what Rex and Shutterstock can accomplish together,” said Larry Lawson, Managing Director of Rex Features. The purchase price is approximately $33 million, substantially all of which will be paid in cash. The company expects to update its 2015 financial outlook for the impact of this transaction when it reports fourth quarter 2014 earnings. About Shutterstock Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), is a leading global provider of high‐quality licensed photographs, vectors, illustrations, videos and music to businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock Surpasses 1 Million High-Quality Video Clips
    Shutterstock Surpasses 1 Million High-Quality Video Clips May 10, 2013 Adding thousands of new clips each week, Shutterstock empowers creative filmmakers with high-quality video content in every category NEW YORK, May 10, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a leading global provider of commercial digital imagery, announced today it has surpassed 1 million licensable video clips in its collection of royalty-free stock footage. The collection features a variety of content from vintage 8mm film to the latest Celebrity Footage, under a simple licensing model and affordable pricing. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120514/NY06418LOGO) "Reaching 1 million clips reflects the tremendous enthusiasm for video content right now," said VP of Content Scott Braut. "Powerful video technology has become more accessible, giving artists the ability to create and consume more content on every platform." Shutterstock's collection enables everyone from enthusiasts to global companies to produce Hollywood-quality productions at affordable prices. To celebrate this milestone, Shutterstock has worked with filmmaker Andreas von Scheele to create a short video made entirely from Shutterstock footage clips. Having worked on everything from feature films to commercial shorts, von Scheele remarked, "Shutterstock's collection breaks through the ceiling of traditional stock footage libraries by offering such an immense variety of authentic and emotional content – the type of footage that works seamlessly alongside engaging and memorable professional work. Access to the collection makes me a better filmmaker." Shutterstock's video library includes work from leading filmmakers around the world. Recent additions to the collection include action sports video from Novus Select, abstract slow motion clips from BIWA Studios, and CG animations by Chad Anderson.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock Celebrates 40 Million Images in Its Collection
    Shutterstock Celebrates 40 Million Images in Its Collection August 4, 2014 Company continues to build library of diverse images from around the globe NEW YORK, Aug. 4, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a leading global provider of commercial digital imagery, today announced that it has reached 40 million images in its collection. "Shutterstock's collection of 40 million images reinforces the growing and diverse demand for quality content by customers around the globe," said VP of Content Scott Braut. "Each day, we add tens of thousands of new and localized photos, illustrations and vectors from the Americas, Europe, Asia and beyond." To celebrate this milestone, the award-winning Shutterstock Blog has curated a collection of "40 Images That Will Change Your Perception of Stock." The collection speaks to the power of imagery and provides a cross section of the exceptionally diverse content available from Shutterstock. Shutterstock continues to be a top design destination for graphic designers, publishers, marketing and media organizations around the world, licensing 4 images per second. To see more, visit www.shutterstock.com. About Shutterstock Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), is a leading global provider of high-quality licensed photographs, vectors, illustrations, videos and music to businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations around the world. Working with its growing community of over 55,000 contributors, Shutterstock adds tens of thousands of images each week, and currently has more than 40 million images available. Headquartered in New York City, with offices in Berlin, Chicago, Denver, London, and San Francisco, Shutterstock has customers in more than 150 countries. The company also owns Bigstock, a value-oriented stock media agency; Offset, a high-end image collection; Skillfeed, an online marketplace for learning; and WebDAM, a cloud-based digital asset management service for businesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock Celebrates Over 1 Billion Image, Video and Music Licenses Sold
    Shutterstock Celebrates Over 1 Billion Image, Video and Music Licenses Sold January 31, 2018 To mark this milestone Shutterstock will be ringing the closing bell at the New York Stock Exchange NEW YORK, Jan. 31, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a leading global technology company offering a creative platform for high-quality assets, tools and services, today announced that it has licensed more than 1 billion royalty free images, videos and music tracks across all of its businesses. Shutterstock was founded in 2003 and this milestone reflects licenses granted over the past 14 years. Shutterstock's library now offers more than 170 million commercial images, 40 million editorial images and 9 million video clips. Shutterstock licenses more than 5.5 images every second directly from its website and through innovative API integrations with companies such as Facebook, Google and Microsoft. Shutterstock not only empowers businesses, marketing agencies, media organizations and production companies around the world through its e-commerce and enterprise offerings, but also by seamlessly embedding into its customer's workflow, wherever that may be. "Shutterstock's continued commitment to developing innovative technology, offering an unparalleled customer experience and providing high-quality content to customers globally has led to unique partnerships providing access to customers directly from the tools they use most often," said Jon Oringer, Founder and CEO of Shutterstock. "Reaching 1 billion licenses signifies the prominent role visual communications plays in media, advertising and film every day. I look forward to the next decade of technology advancements embedding Shutterstock everywhere, while continuing to enhance our creative platform helping customers best create and communicate their story." Shutterstock has been a publicly traded company for over five years and to mark the sale of over 1 billion licenses, Shutterstock will ring the closing bell at the New York Stock Exchange on Wednesday, January 31st.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock Releases Reverse Image Search on Ios
    Shutterstock Releases Reverse Image Search on iOS The Company Is the First Stock Photo Provider to Apply Computer Vision Search-and- Discovery Technology to Mobile NEW YORK, NY, May 24, 2016 -- Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE:SSTK), a leading global provider of imagery and music, today released its search and discovery features -- which were first introduced for desktop use in March -- for mobile use. Reverse Image Search for mobile invites users to capture the world around them on their mobile phones, and then to upload them via the Shutterstock app to search Shutterstock’s collection of over 80 million images for similar content and style. Since it launched its first mobile app five years ago, Shutterstock has invested in creating easy-to-use mobile technology. Bringing machine learning to mobile is the next step toward a more mobile-centric future for images. As users upload photos captured by phones to search Shutterstock’s collection, the neural network on Shutterstock’s back end studies and learns what types of images are most popular for mobile usage rather than desktop usage; with time, it will grow to understand authentic photography taken in more natural settings. Data collected will showcase emerging trends and best techniques on mobile devices. This is the latest Shutterstock innovation made to enable next-generation search and discovery experiences by expanding beyond keywords. Earlier this year, Shutterstock announced it had applied machine-learning techniques to teach its computers to master its collection of high-quality imagery. “When we unveiled Reverse Image Search this past spring, we knew that it was a perfect fit for our mobile application -- it’s arguably one of the best use cases for computer vision technology in general,” said Shutterstock CEO and founder Jon Oringer.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock Prices in Ten Currencies
    Jon Oringer, Founder & CEO Tim Bixby, CFO May 2013 Safe Harbor This presentation contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Forward- looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, potential market opportunities and the effects of competition. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of our most recent public filings. You should read our public filings, including the Risk Factors set forth therein and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to those filings, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Shutterstock Announces Universal Ios App
    Shutterstock Announces Universal iOS App November 6, 2012 Shutterstock's Award-Winning iPad App is Now Available on the iPhone NEW YORK, Nov. 6, 2012 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ --Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a global marketplace for digital imagery, today announced a universal iOS application designed for mobile devices including iPhone and iPad. Shutterstock's iOS application provides users access to more than 20 million high quality, licensable images in the palm of their hands, and is available for free download in the App Store. (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20121106/NY07194 ) (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120514/NY06418LOGO ) Deriving from the Webby Award-Winning Shutterstock for iPad app, Shutterstock's iOS application provides users another innovative way to browse, search and get inspired by the Company's vast collection of beautiful, high-quality imagery. The app also presents a host of exciting new features, including three ways to filter images by color. Users can filter results with an RGB color picker, by selecting an image from their photo library, or by snapping a photo using iPhone's camera. "Inspiration happens everywhere, especially away from your desk," said Vice President of Product, Wyatt Jenkins. "Shutterstock's image search is an integral part of the design process and we are excited to bring it to the iPhone to capture those great moments - wherever they are. Now when customers get an idea at a museum or in line at the supermarket, they can pull out their iPhone, snap a photo and search Shutterstock's collection for images by color. It's inspiration at your fingertips." In addition, Shutterstock's iOS app introduces several other features, including filtering by orientation (portrait or landscape), and by license type (commercial vs.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017-01 AP Announcement Final.Pdf
    Shutterstock Announces UK Distribution Deal with The Associated Press Deal provides editorial distribution of over 30 million photos to the United Kingdom NEW YORK, NY January 10, 2016— Shutterstock, Inc. (NYSE: SSTK), a leading global provider of imagery and music, announced today that it has expanded its milestone multi-year deal with The Associated Press (AP). Beginning this week, Shutterstock will distribute AP’s daily global photo output for license to customers based in the United Kingdom. Shutterstock’s enterprise customers in the United Kingdom will have access to over 30 million photos from AP Images. For 170 years, AP has been breaking news and covering the world’s biggest stories, always committed to the highest standards of journalism. The thousands of images produced every day by AP are now available on the Shutterstock enterprise platform in the United Kingdom and the United States. “Following our successful collaboration in the US, this extended deal with AP allows us to reach new parts of the market we haven’t yet been able to access and acknowledges the strong demand for Shutterstock’s editorial content world-wide,” said Ben Pfeifer, SVP of business development at Shutterstock. “Having worked with AP for over nine months now, we're looking forward to our continued relationship with the world’s most prominent provider of news content.” “Shutterstock has deeply impressed us with their continual innovation, that has transformed editorial distribution. By working with Shutterstock in the UK, we will be able to bring our content to new market sectors," said Alwyn Lindsey, AP’s Vice President of Sales for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • About Shutterstock
    Shutterstock Affiliate Marketing Program Earns High Marks from Top Bloggers August 12, 2009 5:30 AM ET Bloggers cite strong revenues from referring subscribers and submitters to Shutterstock New York, August 12, 2009 – Shutterstock®, the world's largest subscription-based online stock photo agency, is emerging as a leader in one of the key areas for making money online in today’s Web marketplace: affiliate marketing. As bloggers look for new and effective ways to generate additional revenue online, many are joining Shutterstock’s affiliate marketing program to refer both buyers and submitters of stock images and stock video to Shutterstock. Lee Torrens, author of Microstock Diaries, one of the leading blogs covering the online stock photo market, describes Shutterstock’s affiliate program as the best revenue producer among the stock photos sites that he recommends. "In my experience, Shutterstock's affiliate program is the most lucrative of all microstock agencies for bloggers with an audience of photographers," Torrens said. "I know many bloggers and online publishers who are very happy with the amount of extra income that the program generates." Matt Antonino, author of NiltoMil, another popular online stock photography blog, agrees. “Shutterstock's affiliate program is the best in the microstock industry and one of the best anywhere,” Antonino said. “New photographers sign up directly from my blog, and Shutterstock takes care of everything else all the way through paying me. I often make more on the affiliate program than I do on sales at other sites.” Tyler Olson of Microstock Group added, “I think the referral program at Shutterstock is great; it is really one of the best programs of any site.” Since many bloggers are also photographers who submit photos to Shutterstock, they base their recommendations on the positive experience they have had using the service.
    [Show full text]
  • China's New Media Dilemma
    China’s New Media Dilemma: The Profit in Online Dissent LOUISA CHIANG June 2019 China’s New Media Dilemma: The Profit in Online Dissent JUNE 2019 ABOUT CIMA Contents The Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA), at the National Introduction. .1 Endowment for Democracy, works to strengthen the support, raise the How the State Tamed Legacy Media . 4 visibility, and improve the effectiveness of The Disruptive Power of China’s New Media. 6 independent media development throughout the world. The center provides information, The Business of Liberal Opinion in China. 9 builds networks, conducts research, and highlights the indispensable role The Political Economy of China’s New Media. 14 independent media play in the creation and Conclusion. 19 development of sustainable democracies. An important aspect of CIMA’s work is Endnotes . .20 to research ways to attract additional US private sector interest in and support for international media development. CIMA convenes working groups, discussions, and panels on a variety of topics in the field of media development and assistance. ABOUT THE AUTHOR The center also issues reports and Louisa Chiang, an independent researcher recommendations based on working group who has been published in The New York discussions and other investigations. These reports aim to provide policymakers, Review of Books, was previously a senior as well as donors and practitioners, with East Asia officer at the National Endowment ideas for bolstering the effectiveness of for Democracy and a US Commerce attaché media assistance. in Beijing. Center for International Media Assistance ACKNOWLEDGMENTS National Endowment for Democracy I am grateful to Nicholas Benequista, Mark Nelson, Shanthi 1025 F STREET, N.W., 8TH FLOOR Kalathil, Akram Keram, Lynn Lee, and Paul Rothman for their WASHINGTON, DC 20004 invaluable suggestions and input.
    [Show full text]