TEMPLE HOUSE TASMANIA POLICE HEADQUARTERS Archival Investigation A. Rand May 1991
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TEMPLE HOUSE AND TASMANIA POLICE HEADQUARTERS Archival Investigation A. Rand May 1991 Tasmania Police Headquarters Archival Investigation TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. BRIEF 2 2. LAND USE AND OCCUPATION OF THE POLICE 5 HEADQUARTERS BLOCK Site Plan 5 2.1 Site 1 6 2.2 Site 2 7 2.3 Site 3 7 2.4 Site 4 8 2.5 Site 5 9 2.6 Site 6 9 2.7 Site 7 10 2.8 Site 8 10 2.9 Site 9 10 2.10 Site 10 10 2.11 Site 11 11 2.12 Site 12 11 2.13 Site 13 12 2.14 Temple House Site 12 2.15 Summary 12 References 14 3. A. HISTORY OF THE SOLOMON FAMILY 15 B. OCCUPATION OF TEMPLE HOUSE 1825-1947 20 4. DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPLE HOUSE 1825-1947 : 27 DISCUSSION 4.1 1840 Description 27 4.2 1863 Advertisement 28 4.3 Change to Temple House 1863-1921 30 4.4 Post-1921 Alterations 31 5. RECOLLECTIONS OF RESIDENTS, 1908 - 1918 33 6. SOURCES 38 7. TABLES 43 7.1 Charts 7.2 Figures 7.3 Photographs & Illustrations 7.4 Plans 8. AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 2. Tasmania Police Headquarters Archival Investigation 1. BRIEF 1. BACKGROUND The Department of Construction intends to construct stage 3 of the new Police Headquarters on the Liverpool, Argyle, Bathurst, Campbell Street block. A site development plan is attached. The development will involve demolition of some buildings, removal of 1940's additions to the rear of Temple House, some site bulk excavation and the digging of footings for the new building. Ancillary works including sub-surface works, reticulation of services to the site and the construction of retaining walls will also take place. It is believed that the area contains European sites and that these may be impacted upon by the construction activities. The conservation of the early-colonial Temple House will be undertaken as part of the Police Headquarters project. Archival research is necessary to: ( a ) assist the future preparation of a Conservation plan for Temple House; ( b) discover the archaeological potential of the wider Police site; and ( C ) form a basis for the later placing of Archaeological trial trenches to further explore the site if necessary. 2. STUDY AREA The study area is shown on the attached drawing. 3. OBJECTIVES (a) Carry out archival/historical research especially of relevant plans, documents and photographs of the whole site study area. (b) Carry out more detailed achival/historical research of relevant plans, documents and photographs of the Temple House site area. (c) Provide copies of relevant plans, documents and photographs relating to the physical evidence of the past occupation of the site together with a series of overlays to assist further archaeological exploration of both the wider Police site and the Temple House site. 3. Tasmania Police Headquarters Archival Investigation (d) Provide a review of the European history of the study area, identifying the themes of land use and occupation. (e) Where practicable conduct interviews and obtain oral history transcripts relevant to the elucidation of the history of both the wider Police site and the Temple House site. (f) Make recommendations on the necessity for further archaeological or historical work prior to the commencement of construction works. 4 • PRESENTATION OF REPORT The history presentation should be divided into two sections (a) history of the whole block; and ( b) history of the Temple House site area. It is envisaged that the section dealing specifically with Temple House will be separated and become background data to assist the preparation of a Conservation Plan for Temple House. The report shall contain (a) Copies of relevant plans, documents and photographs; (b} Overlays; (c} A review, with references , of the history of land-use and occupation of the site; (d) Relevant excerpts from oral history interviews; (e) Recommendations for further work; and (f) Bibliography including a list of sources searched including those found to contain no information. 5. TIMING Submit 5 copies of the formal report to the Project Architect, Graeme Corney, no later than April 22, 1991. 4. ';//, / f / ··_, ·. ' .,. 7 / 1' ~' .. ·.. : . ~I . ; :-· 5. Tasmania Police Headquarters Archival Investigation 2. LAND USE AND OCCUPATION OF THE POLICE HEADQUARTERS BLOCK - LIVERPOOL, ARGYLE, BATHURST, CAMPBELL STREETS, HOBART When J & J Solomon built their residence and store in 1825, it commanded a prominent site on the north east slope uphill from Sullivans Cove, and safely above the uncertain flooding of the rivulet which may have bothered the brothers in their original store "below the bridge" in Argyle Street (1), opposite the hospital, possibly the site of the HCC car park. (See Plan 4). A few prominent settlers had erected substantial dwellings nearer Sullivans Cove; Dr Birch had built in Macquarie Street (now part of 151 Macquarie Street) and Lord's "Ingle Hall" had graced the other corner of Macquarie and Argyle Streets since 1814. The Government buildings were mostly to last through the administrations of many Governors - the Gaol, the Barracks Penitentiary, the Commissariat Store, as was St Davids. The Solomon building was contemporary with the last of the warehouses on Hunter Island 1822-5, mostly replaced by Jones and Co. constructions. (2) The pre-1820 history of the block is not certain, but Chart 6, dated 1828, shows the early locations there. SITE DIAGRAM L ----- - L_ BATHURST ~tR.EC-r f'2 (\ 10 )> ,, q .l> ;i) 13 :s C'I -0 < CY r "'Tr "' r- 14- 5 v1 -4 .2 3 cA ~ ' ~ (h 4- (\) r.:, r, -; rTl --\ L IVE. II. PO o L STR.EET 7 I 6. Tasmania Police Headquarters Archival Investigation 2.1 From Chart 6 it is evident that as well as the corner block on which the Solomon brothers, Judah and Joseph, erected Temple House as residence and store and in which Judah lived, the allotment adjoining on Liverpool Street, Site l on Site Diagram, was also originally located to J.Solomon. The site was occupied by 1826 when the Land Commissioners prepared a plan to accompany their Report on public buildings in the town.(3) Chart 2, 1829, shows the cottage thereon was built of wood. In 1829 the property was granted to Gamaliel Butler (4), see Plan 9, Judah Solomon's lawyer (5). The Hobart Town Almanack, 1831 (J.Ross) shows the property was occupied by McLeod's cart and plough 'manufactory'. Assessment Rolls and directories show that from these premises for the next eighty years a succession : of proprietors ran livery stables. William Bateman, there from 1847 until the 1860s, was followed by a s~ccession of short-term occupants until the 1880s when Thomas Broughton moved his business there for the next twenty years. (6) Plan 2 shows the buildings on the site before 1840. Sprents plans (Plans 5 and 6) show the cottage back from the road cl847. The diagram of Actual Survey in 1922, Pl~n 1, confirms the reminiscences of W G Robertson in 1919 (7) who said 'the original house lies behind the 1919 front.' ( see Photo 6) The 1829 plan (Chart 2) showing building fabric indicates two sheds (?) behind the cottage; the map of Hobart, after Frankland, (Chart 3) has one building, but the scale is too small for accuracy. They could have been part of the cart and plough business or could have been stables, such as the shaded buildings in Plan 2 pre-1840 on the G.Butler grant are likely to be. By the Assessment of Hobart in 1885, the ex-Butler property had been bought by Joseph Solomon. Broughton continued to run his business from the site until 1908 when the Derwent Motor Electrical Engineering Company (7) rented the premises from the Solomon Estate. It was probably at this time that the back section of the property was fenced off with a cyclone type wire fence - see Photo 5. Mrs Dorothy Hooper, nee Benjamin, who lived in Temple House as a child from 1908-1918 spoke of a garden the Benjamin children were not permitted to enter. Her grandfather, Samuel Benjamin of Temple House, was President of the Chrysanthemum Society (8) and the shed apparent over that section of the ex-Butler/ stables property could have been light shelter for prize flower·s. When the YMCA bought the property in 1921, they constructed a tennis court on the site, greatly reducing the backyard of the house No:33 Liverpool Street (see Plan 10). In 1929 extensions to the east wall of Temple House brought it to the edge of the tennis court. Later additions to the YMCA, the rectangular dormitory blocks apparent in the 7. Tasmania Police Headquarters Archival Investigation panoramas (Photos 2,9) were built over the tennis court area. (see Plan 8) An addition was apparently made to the back wall of the house No: 31 Liverpool Street (Photo 2) sometime after 1930, and both buildings were replaced by the four conjoined shops built after 1947 and now used by the Police Department. 2.2 SITE 2 - James Kelly, the first Harbour Master of the port of Hobart Town, was the original locatee of the next allotment, see Chart 6. In 1823 Lieut.-Governor William Sorell authorised the grant of a lease of the allotment adjoining the Colonial Surgeon's barracks (see Plan 4) to Dr James Scott, Colonial Surgeon, for twenty-one years. (10) There was a house on this by 1826, possibly occupied by J L Roberts who was the resident when the first Hobart Town directory was published in 1831. (11) Scott's land was sold by his executors, with the 'messuage and premises' whi6h had 'been erected thereon' to SA Tegg in 1840.