DOCSLIB.ORG

Harry's Cosmeticology 9Th Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Harry's Cosmeticology 9Th Edition NINTH EDITION Harry’s Cosmeticology Full Title Can Be Purchased by Members at www.chemical-publishing.com for a 20% Discount using code "CPC 20" or viewed in an on-line database at www.chemicalpublishing.org NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Harry’s Cosmeticology 9th Edition © Chemical Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United Stated Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Publisher, Chemical Publishing Company, through email at info@chemical- publishing.com. The publisher, editors and authors make no representations or warranties with re- VSHFWWRWKHDFFXUDF\RUFRPSOHWHQHVVRIWKHFRQWHQWVRIWKLVZRUNDQGVSHFL¿FDOO\ GLVFODLPDOOZDUUDQWLHVLQFOXGLQJZLWKRXWOLPLWDWLRQZDUUDQWLHVRI¿WQHVVIRUDSDU- ticular purpose. Volume One - ISBN: 978-0-8206-01762 Volume Two - ISBN: 978-0-8206-01779 Volume Three - ISBN: 978-0-8206-01786 eBook - ISBN: 978-0-8206-01793 First Edition Chemical Publishing Company www.chemical-publishing.com Printed in the United States of America About the Editor-in-Chief Meyer R. Rosen CChem, CPC, CChE, CFEI, DABFE, DABFET, FAIC Meyer R. Rosen is President of Interactive Consulting, Inc. (www.chemicalcon- VXOWFRP +HLVD7KRXJKW/HDGHUDQGH[SHUWLQWKH¿HOGRI7HFKQLFDO0DUNHWLQJ and multi-industry Technology Transfer Applications including, but not limited to: cosmetics and personal care, applied rheology, applied surface and interfacial chemistry, polymers, organosilicones, professional editing and custom preparation of Mind-Maps® for the organization and presentation of complex information. Mr. Rosen is a Chartered Chemist and Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (London); a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemists and both D1DWLRQDOO\&HUWL¿HG3URIHVVLRQDO&KHPLVWDQG&HUWL¿HG3URIHVVLRQDO&KHPLFDO Engineer. He is a member of the U.S. Society of Cosmetic Chemists (SCC) & the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Meyer serves as an Advisor for David Smith, Executive Director of the SCC Advisory Committee. He is also Editor for U.S. & Canada and Editor-in-Chief for North and Latin America for Euro Cos- metics Magazine in Germany. Mr. Rosen is Editor of the Delivery System Hand- book for Personal Care and Cosmetic Products and Editor-in-Chief of Harry’s Cosmeticology, 9 th Ed. 0H\HU VHUYHG IRU VL[ \HDUV DV WKH &KLHI 6FLHQWL¿F$GYLVRUDQG'LUHFWRURI Technical Programming for United Business Media’s (UBM) HBA Technical Conferences. He ZDV a former Director of the American Institute of Chemists, past Vice President of the Association of Consulting Chemists and has served on the 6FLHQWLILF$GYLVRU\ %RDUG RI 6XSSO\ 6LGH :HVW(DVW 9LUJR 3XEOLFDWLRQV 0URosen is also the Founder, Organizer and co-moderator for HBA’s Annual Interna-WLRQDO6DIHW\5HJXODWRU\DQG&HUWLILFDWLRQ6\PSRVLD III Packaging Part 14 Manufacture of Part 13 Cosmetics Preface Sustainability Marketing & Part 12 Fragrances EcoResponsibility In the Packaging Design Skin Part 1 Beginning... Testing Part 11 Molecular Hair VOLUME 3 Biology Fundamentals NanoCosmetics Part 10 Dealing with NutriCosmetics Part 9 Change Delivery USA & EU Systems Part 8 Russia Achieving Sensory Regulatory Saudi Part 7 Global Characterization Market Requirements Arabia Access China Formulating Part 6 Part 2 Canada & Europe NanoMaterials Harry’s Intellectual Property Anti-Aging Cosmeticology Part 5 9th Ed. & Pathways Trade Secrets Anti-Aging VOLUME 1 Structure, Function Sufactants Part Skin & Anti-Aging VOLUME 1 Structure, Function Sufactants Part Skin 3.1 & Moisturizers BioChemistry Bio Actives Botanicals Global Classification Anti-Oxidants Scale Skin Skin of Whiteners Color: Dermatologic Organosilicones Part Skin Disorders: Marine VOLUME 2 3.2 Ingredients Ingredients Part 4 Asian The Ethnic Cellulite Part 3 Substrates Skin Reducers Corrective Retinoids Cosmeceuticals Preservatives Part Hair Peptides 3.3 MicroRNA Part Nails Amino 3.4 Acids Part Nose Barrier 3.5 Strengtheners Part Mouth Cytokines, 3.6 Growth Factors & Part Lips Stem Cells 3.7 AHA's & Part Feminine Beyond 3.8 Rejuvenation Harry's Cosmeticology 9th Edition PART 4.3.4 AMINO ACIDS Author Bruce W. Gesslein Technical Manager, Specialty and Personal Care Ajinomoto North America, Inc. 400 Kelby St, Fort Lee NJ 07024 USA ABSTRACT Everyone ages. Everyone wants to stop aging. But is that really what we want? In this chapter, the author asserts that we want to accumulate as many healthy years as possible but still maintain the appearance of youth and vigor. Medical science has extended our life span and useful years dra- matically by addressing disease and overall health issues. Cosmetic and Personal Care science can help mitigate the appearance of aging and increase one’s overall attractiveness. There are twenty “standard” proteinogenic amino acids that combine in unique ways to make peptides, proteins, enzymes, muscle, hair, skin, and organs. These twenty amino acids are also converted in the body through various metabolic path- ways to produce useful substances. Amino acids topically applied exhibit useful properties such as acting as antioxidants, humectants, and free radical scavengers. They have also been shown to increase collagen production. Amino acids can also be derivatized “ex-somes” to produce cosmetically useful materials such as emol- OLHQWVKXPHFWDQWVVXUIDFWDQWVPRLVWXUL]HUVDQGSURWHFWDQWVWKDWDUHEHQH¿FLDOLQ cosmetic formulation to address the appearance of aging. In this chapter we dis- FXVVWKHYDULRXVDPLQRDFLGVWKHLUGHULYDWLYHVDQGWKHEHQH¿WVWRVNLQDQGKDLU formulation from a formulator’s perspective. It is our intention that this detailed chapter covering the structure and behavior of amino acids and their derivatives, on both skin and hair, will provide formula- tors and marketers with new pathways to create desired consumer products and to H[SORUHWKLVLQWHUHVWLQJ¿HOGIXUWKHU 976 www.chemical-publishing.com Harry's Cosmeticology 9th Edition 977 4.3.4.1 OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACIDS TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.3.4.1 Overview of Amino Acids 977 a. Production 977 b. Properties 979 4.3.4.2 The Appearance of Aging of Skin and Hair 985 a. Skin 986 b. Wrinkling 988 c. Elasticity 989 d. Clarity 990 e. Hydration 991 f. UV Damage 995 4.3.4.3 Hair 995 a. Breakage 995 b. Dullness 998 c. Elasticity 999 d. Roughness 1000 4.3.4.4 Formulation for Skin Care 1003 a. Cleansers 1003 b. Moisturizers 1008 c. Serums 1010 4.3.4.5 Hair Care 1011 a. Shampoos 1011 b. Conditioners 1013 Conclusion 1014 References 1015 Glossary 1016 4.3.4.1 OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACIDS a. Production Amino acids are the building blocks of life. An amino acid is an organic compound that contains both an amino (NH-) functionality and a carboxylic acid (COOH) IXQFWLRQDOLW\7KHUHDUHWZHQW\VWDQGDUGDPLQRDFLGVWKDWFRPELQHLQVSHFL¿FZD\V to produce peptides, polypeptides, proteins, enzymes, muscles, and skin. These twenty amino acids are divided into nonessential amino acids and essential amino acids. The nonessential amino acids are those that we produce within our bodies LQVXI¿FLHQWDPRXQWVIRUOLIHDQGKHDOWK7KHVHDUHJO\FLQH/F\VWHLQH/DODQLQH www.chemical-publishing.com Harry's Cosmeticology 9th Edition 4.3.4.1 OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACIDS 978 L-tyrosine, L-arginine, L-proline, L-aspartic acid, L-serine, L-glutamic acid, L- aspargine, and L-glutamine. The essential amino acids are just as important for life and health as the nonessential amino acids, but we do not make them or at least do QRWPDNHVXI¿FLHQWDPRXQWVRIWKHPLQRXUERGLHVWRVXSSRUWOLIHDQGKHDOWK$F- cordingly, we must obtain these amino acids from the food chain or more recently, from supplementation. The essential amino acids are L-mehtionine, L-tryptophan, L-threonine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-leucine, L-histidine, L-isoleu- cine. Beyond these twenty biological important amino acids there are more than 500 other amino acids that are not useful biologically. There are also a myriad of GHULYDWLYHVWKDWDUHGHVLJQHGIRUVSHFL¿FXVHIXOIXQFWLRQVVXFKDVFOHDQVLQJPRLV- turizing, lubrication, etc. The Fermentation Method ³,Q3URIHVVRU.LQXH,NHGDGLVFRYHUHGJOXWDPLFDFLGDVDÀDYRUFRPSR- nent of seaweed and soy hydolysates. After neutralization with caustic soda, he LVRODWHG0RQRVRGLXP*OXWDPDWH7KLVZDVQRWRQO\WKHELUWKRIWKH¿UVWLQGXVWUL- al scale amino acid production from natural raw material hydrolysis but also the fundamental process for the isolation of other amino acids.” 1Most of the amino acids that are used in cosmetic and personal care products now are produced by a fermentation process using natural materials. In the fermentation method of amino acid production, microorganisms convert nutrients to various components necessary to themselves. Raw materials such as sugars and syrups are added to the microorganism culture and the proliferating microorganisms produce amino acids. Enzymes play a key role to degrade and synthesize substances. Consecu- tive reactions by 10 to 30 kinds of enzymes are involved in the fermentation process that produces the various high-purity amino acids. ,WLVQHFHVVDU\WRVFUHHQWKHPLFURRUJDQLVPVWR¿QGWKHRQHWKDWSURGXFHVWKH JUHDWHVWDPRXQWRIWKHVSHFL¿FDPLQRDFLGVRXJKW6LQFHRQHJUDPRIQDWXUDOVRLO contains on the order of 100 million microorganisms,2 it is possible to pick out the useful one. There are a number of methods to select the microorganisms including mixing soil and water in a blender and then centrifuging the mixer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Optimal Usage of Antiscalants and Their Effect on Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes
    The optimal usage of antiscalants and their effect on fouling of reverse osmosis membranes Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of “DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY” By Amer Sweity Submitted to The senate of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev March 2015 Beer-Sheba The optimal usage of antiscalants and their effect on fouling of reverse osmosis membranes Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requerments for the degree of “DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY” By Amer Sweity Submitted to the senate of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Approved by the advisors Prof. __________ Moshe Herzberg ____________Prof. Zeev Ronen Approved by the Dean of Kreitman School of Advanced Graduate studies ___________ March 2015 Beer-Sheba This work was carried out under the supervision of Prof. Moshe Herzberg1 and Prof. Zeev Ronen2 1) Department of Desalination and Water Treatment 2) Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustien Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boqer campus. Research-Student’s Affidavit when Submitting The Doctoral Thesis for Judgment I Amer Sweity, whose signature appears below, hereby declare that (Please mark the appropriate statements): _X_ I have written this Thesis by myself, except for the help and guidance offered by my Thesis Advisors. _X_ The scientific materials included in this Thesis are products of my own research, culled from the period during which I was a research student. __ This Thesis incorporates research materials produced in cooperation with others, excluding the technical help commonly received during experimental work. Therefore, I am attaching another affidavit stating the contributions made by myself and the other participants in this research, which has been approved by them and submitted with their approval.
    [Show full text]
  • Substrate Stereoselectivity of Poly(Asp) Hydrolase-1 Capable of Cleaving Β-Amide Bonds As Revealed by Investigation of Enzymati
    Hiraishi et al. AMB Expr (2015) 5:31 DOI 10.1186/s13568-015-0118-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Substrate stereoselectivity of poly(Asp) hydrolase‑1 capable of cleaving β‑amide bonds as revealed by investigation of enzymatic hydrolysis of stereoisomeric β‑tri(Asp)s Tomohiro Hiraishi1,2*, Hideki Abe2 and Mizuo Maeda1 Abstract We previously reported that poly(Asp) hydrolase-1 (PahZ1KP-2) from Pedobacter sp. KP-2 selectively, but not completely, cleaved the amide bonds between β-Asp units in thermally synthesized poly(Asp) (tPAA). In the present study, the enzymatic hydrolysis of stereoisomeric β-tri(Asp)s by PahZ1KP-2 was investigated to clarify the substrate stereoselec- tivity of PahZ1KP-2 in the hydrolysis of tPAA. The results suggest the following structural features of PahZ1KP-2 at its substrate binding site: (1) the active site contains four subsites (2, 1, 1, and 2), three of which need to be occupied − − by Asp units for cleavage to occur; (2) for the hydrolysis to proceed, subsite 1 should be occupied by an L-Asp unit, whereas the other three subsites may accept both L- and D-Asp units; (3) for the two central subsites between which cleavage occurs, the (L-Asp)-(D-Asp) sequence is the most favorable for cleavage. Keywords: Poly(Asp) (PAA), PAA hydrolase-1, Pedobacter sp. KP-2, β-Tri(Asp)s, Stereoselectivity Introduction the thermal synthesis of PAA (Kim et al. 1996; Ross et al. β-Peptides, in which monomer units are connected at the 2001; Joentgen et al. 2003; Thombre and Sarwade 2005). β-position, fold into a conformationally ordered state in Thermally synthesized PAA (tPAA) is chemically pre- solution to exert their unique properties and potentially pared on a large scale from l-Asp, resulting in low pro- show their enzymatic and metabolic stabilities, which duction cost compared with the microbial synthesis of are consistent with the advantages of α-peptides such as polymers such as poly(malate) and poly(glutamate).
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Polyaspartates
    do/- - *3 NEI-NO--774 Norske N09705205 1 Sivilingeniorers 7 Forening OIL FIELD CHEMICALS 7th international symposium 17-20 MARCH 1996 Dr Holms Hotel Geilo, Norway Biodegradable Multifunctional Oil Production Chemicals: Thermal Polyaspartates 15 LECTURERS: P D Ravenscroft, BP Exploration Operation Co Ltd, UK R J Ross, Donlar Corporation, USA Reproduction is prohibited unless permission from NIF or the Author DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be Illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document i BIODEGRADABLE MULTIFUNCTIONAL OIL PRODUCTION CHEMICALS: THERMAL POLYASPARTATES. Robert J. Ross Donlar Corporation, USA Paul D. Ravenscroft BP Exploration Operating Company, Ltd, UK ABSTRACT Control of both mineral scale and corrosion with a single, environmentally acceptable material is an ambitious goal. Polyaspartate polymers represent a significant milestone in the attainment of this goal. Thermal polyaspartates (TPA) are polycarboxylate polymers derived via thermal condensationof the naturally occurring amino acid aspartic acid. These protein-like polymers are highly biodegradable and non-toxic, and are produced by an environmentally benign manufacturing process. TPA’s exhibit excellent mineral scale inhibition activity and C02 corrosion control. Laboratory data on scale inhibition and corrosion control in North Sea oil field production applications is presented. INTRODUCTION The impact of chemicals on the environment is an issue of increasing global importance. In sensitive areas, such as the North Sea, the need for “green” oil production and drilling chemicals is particularly acute. The effort to establishment of an international system of environmental controls under the Paris Commission (PARCOM) is a clear indication of the importance of environmental issues to the oil industry.
    [Show full text]
  • HHHHHIIIUS005661 03A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,661,103 Harms Et Al
    HHHHHIIIUS005661 03A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,661,103 Harms et al. 45 Date of Patent: “Aug. 26, 1997 54 SEED TREATMENT COMPOSITION AND 4,799,953 1/1989 Danzig et al. .............................. 71/98 METHOD 4,813,997 3/1989 Kinnersley et al. ... 71/66 4,839,461 6/1989 Bochmke ............ ..., 528/363 4,863,506 9/1989 Young ....................................... 71/13 75) Inventors: David J. Harms, Naperville; Robert J. Ross, Elmhurst, both of Ill.; Alan M. 4,863,898 9/1989 Ashmead et al. ... 54/6 Kinnersley, East Lansing, Mich. 5,059,241 10/1991 Young ....................................... 71/106 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73) Assignee: Donlar Corporation, Bedford Park, Ill. Kinnersley et al., Plant Growth Regulation 9:137-146 (*) Notice: The portion of the term of this patent (1990). subsequent to Sep. 27, 2014, has been Byrnes, Fertilizer Research 26:209-215(1990). disclaimed. Farm Chemicals Handbook, 1987, Meister Pub. Co., Wil loughby, Ohio, p. B10. 21 Appl. No.: 447,784 Primary Examiner-S. Mark Clardy 22 Filed: May 23, 1995 Assistant Examiner-Brian G. Bembenick Related U.S. Application Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Zarley, McKee, Thomte, Voorhees, & Sease 63) Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 313,436, Sep. 27, 1994, Pat. No. 5,593,947, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 57 ABSTRACT 972,375, Nov. 5, 1992, Pat. No. 5,350,735. Seedling development is enhanced by applying to the seeds, (51 Int. Clam. AON 37/44 for example corn and soybeans, a water-soluble, non 52 U.S. C. ......... ... 504/147; 504/319 aromatic polyamino acid such as polyaspartic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Application to Amend the Australia and New Zealand Food Standard Code for the Use of Potassium Polyaspartate As an Additive for Wine
    PART A: APPLICATION TO AMEND THE AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND FOOD STANDARD CODE FOR THE USE OF POTASSIUM POLYASPARTATE AS AN ADDITIVE FOR WINE Prepared for: Food Standards Australia New Zealand PO Box 786 CANBERRA BC ACT 2610 Submitted by: Enartis Pacific Pty Ltd Contact person: Prepared by: Date: February 2018 Contents A. Technical information on the food additive 22 A.1 Nature and technological purpose of the additive 22 A.2 Information to enable identification of the additive 36 A.3 Information on the chemical and physical properties of the additive 38 A.4 Information on the impurity profile 40 A.5 Manufacturing process 43 A.6 Specification for identity and purity 45 A.7 Information for food labelling 54 A.8 Analytical method for detection 55 A.9 Potential additional purposes of the food additive when added to food 65 B. Information related to the safety of the food additive 66 B.1 Information on the toxicokinetics and metabolism of the food additive and, if necessary, its degradation products or major metabolites 68 B.2 Information on the toxicity of the food additive and, if necessary, its degradation products and major metabolites 75 B.3 Safety assessment reports prepared by international agencies or other national government agencies, if available 102 B.4 Supplementary safety information 104 C. Information related to the dietary exposure to the food additive 104 C.1 A list of the food groups or foods proposed to contain the food additive, or changes to currently permitted foods 104 C.2 The maximum proposed level or the concentration range of the food additive for each food group or food, or the proposed changes to the currently permitted levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Sodium Polyaspartate for the Removal of Hydroxyapatite/ Brushite Deposits from Stainless Steel Tubing
    Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 2691-2700 2691 Use of Sodium Polyaspartate for the Removal of Hydroxyapatite/ Brushite Deposits from Stainless Steel Tubing Felicia Littlejohn, A. Eduardo Sa´ ez, and Christine S. Grant* Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905 This research investigates the use of sodium polyaspartate, a nontoxic, biodegradable polycar- boxylic sequestrant, for removing calcium phosphate deposit consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and brushite or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) from stainless steel surfaces. Cleaning studies show that the use of sodium polyaspartate under alkaline conditions significantly enhances the removal rates when compared to deionized water. In acidic solutions, sodium polyaspartate concentrations below 300 ppm inhibit removal of HAP/DCPD deposits whereas higher concentrations increase the removal rate. Comparative cleaning studies at alkaline pHs show that sodium polyaspartate cleans the surface at a rate comparable to sodium citrate but slower than in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Supplementary dissolution experiments show that sodium polyaspartate enhances the HAP/DCPD dissolution rate while inhibiting the release of Ca2+. On the basis of these findings, we have concluded that sodium polyaspartate improves the HAP/DCPD dissolution and cleaning rates by Ca2+ sequestration. Introduction in which the substance is transferred from the solid phase to the liquid phase followed by (2) a mass-transfer Calcium orthophosphate deposition causes cleaning process in which the dissolved substance is transferred problems in a number of situations. In industrial water from the solid/liquid interface into the bulk fluid. Mass cooling systems, the use of water containing higher transfer may be controlled by a diffusive flux caused orthophosphate levels, i.e., recycled water or untreated by a concentration gradient or by convective diffusion makeup water, leads to calcium orthophosphate scaling.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,825,313 B2 Sikes (45) Date of Patent: Nov.30, 2004
    USOO6825313B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,825,313 B2 Sikes (45) Date of Patent: Nov.30, 2004 (54) COPOLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS AND 5,493,004 A 2/1996 Groth et al. METHODS OF THEIR PRODUCTION 5,548,036 A 8/1996 Kroner et al. 5,594,077 A 1/1997 Groth et al. 5,639,832 A 6/1997 Kroner et al. (75) Inventor: C. Steven Sikes, Eugene, OH (US) 5,714,558 A 2/1998 Groth et al. (73) Assignee: Aquero Company, Eugene, OR (US) 5,981,691 A 11/1999 Sikes 6,054,553 A 4/2000 Groth et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,063,961 A 5/2000 Kroner patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,495,658 B2 12/2002 Sikes et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 10/431,124 Copy of International Search Report in Application No. (22) Filed: May 7, 2003 PCT/USO3/14312. (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner Duc Truong US 2004/0006198 A1 Jan. 8, 2004 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-LeeAnn Gorthey; Perkins Coie LLP Related U.S. Application Data (60) Provisional application No. 60/378.915, filed on May 7, (57) ABSTRACT 2002. Disclosed are copolymers based on aspartic acid or its (51) Int. Cl." ................................................ C08G 73/10 precursor molecules and methods of their production. The (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 528/322; 528/310; 528/328; copolymers are water-Soluble over a wide range of compo 528/489; 525/419; 525/420; 525/422 Sition and molecular weight.
    [Show full text]
  • And Water Soluble Polymer Ligands with Potential Use in Controlled Drug Delivery Nada Verdel,1,* Andrej Kr`An,2 Mojca Ben~Ina2 and Majda @Igon2
    Acta Chim. Slov. 2013, 60, 651–659 651 Scientific paper Determination of the Interactions Between Zn2+ and Water Soluble Polymer Ligands with Potential Use in Controlled Drug Delivery Nada Verdel,1,* Andrej Kr`an,2 Mojca Ben~ina2 and Majda @igon2 1 Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Received: 28-01-2013 Abstract Biodegradable copolymers of aspartic and lactic acids were synthesized for potential use in controlled drug release. The proportion of aspartic acid moieties in the copolymers was 0.9 and 0.1, the molecules were partially branched and had absolute molar masses over 100,000 g/mol. The drug could be attached to the copolymer via metal (particularly zinc) ions, so a method to estimate the interactions between zinc ions and the water-soluble polymers by fluorescence spec- troscopy was developed. The stability constants of binding of zinc and the concentrations of zinc bound to polymer we- re determined. The results confirm that zinc ions at pH 6 preferentially bind to side groups of aspartic acid units of the copolymers. Keywords: Polyamino acid, controlled drug delivery, biodegradable carrier, fluorescence spectroscopy, zinc, polymer coordination compound. biological conditions. However, it is insoluble in organic 1. Introduction solvents and does not have thermoplastic properties, which makes it difficult to obtain PA films or mouldings; This study focused on biodegradable polymers that it can only be processed as an aqueous solution or in a can potentially be used for pharmaceutical purposes in hygroscopic powder form.4 controlled drug release.
    [Show full text]
  • Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,981,691 Sikes [45] Date of Patent: Nov
    US005981691A Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,981,691 Sikes [45] Date of Patent: Nov. 9, 1999 [54] IMIDE-FREE AND MIXED AMIDE/IMIDE 5,424,391 6/1995 Paik et al. ............................. .. 528/328 THERMAL SYNTHESIS OF 5,442,038 8/1995 Wood et a1. 528/363 POLYASPARTATE 5,443,651 8/1995 Kalota et al. 134/2 5,449,748 9/1995 Ramsey ................................. .. 530/300 Inventor:_ CI Steven_ _ Sikes, Mobile, Ala' _ (List continuedAdler eton a1. next ........................... page.) .. [73] Ass1gnee: University of South Alabama, Mobile, Ala, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Herrera, Science , vol. 96, p. 14 (1942). [21] Appl' N05 08/842,016 Katchalski, Advances in Protein Chemistry, vol. 6, pp. [22] Filed: Apr. 23, 1997 123485 (1951) FoX et al, Science, vol. 128, p. 1214 (1958). [51] Int. Cl.6 ................................................... .. C08G 69/10 Fox et al, A Laboratory Manual ofAnalytical Methods of [52] US. Cl. ........................ .. 528/328; 528/363; 562/553; Protein Chemistry, P. Alexander and H. P. Lundgren, eds., 562/571; 525/432 vol. 4, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 127—151 (1966). [58] Field of Search ................................... .. 528/328, 363; Harada, Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 24, pp. 562/553; 525/66, 432 16624666 (1959) Pivcova et al, Biopolymers, vol. 20, pp. 1605—1614 (1981). [56] References Cited Pivcova et al, Polymer Reports, vol. 23, pp. 1237—1241 (1982). Us PATENT DOCUMENTS Saudek et al, Biopolymers, vol. 20, pp. 1615—1623 (1981). 3,052,655 9/1962 Fox et a1. ................................ .. 260/78 Won‘ 9 a1’ Macromoleculess) VOL 27’ PP' 7613_7620 3,076,790 2/1963 Fox et a1.
    [Show full text]
  • OIL FIELD CHEMICALS 7Th International Symposium
    Norske N09705205 Sivilingeniorers Ferening OIL FIELD CHEMICALS 7th international symposium 17 - 20 MARCH 1996 Dr Holms Hotel Geilo, Norway Biodegradable Multifunctional Oil Production Chemicals: Thermal Polyaspartates 15 LECTURERS! P D Ravenscroft, BP Exploration Operation Co Ltd, UK R J Ross, Donlar Corporation, USA Reproduction is prohibited unless permission from NIF or the Author DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. BIODEGRADABLE MULTIFUNCTIONAL OIL PRODUCTION CHEMICALS: THERMAL POLYASPARTATES. Robert J. Ross Donlar Corporation, USA Paul D. Ravenscroft BP Exploration Operating Company, Ltd, UK ABSTRACT Control of both mineral scale and corrosion with a single, environmentally acceptable material is an ambitious goal. Polyaspartate polymers represent a significant milestone in the attainment of this goal. Thermal polyaspartates (TPA) are polycarboxylate polymers derived via thermal condensation of the naturally occurring amino acid aspartic acid. These protein-like polymers are highly biodegradable and non-toxic, and are produced by an environmentally benign manufacturing process. TPA's exhibit excellent mineral scale inhibition activity and CO2 corrosion control. Laboratory data on scale inhibition and corrosion control in North Sea oil field production applications is presented. INTRODUCTION The impact of chemicals on the environment is an issue of increasing global importance. In sensitive areas, such as the North Sea, the need for "green" oil production and drilling chemicals is particularly acute. The effort to establishment of an international system of environmental controls under the Paris Commission (PARCOM) is a clear indication of the importance of environmental issues to the oil industry. In order to meet the challenges of increasingly stringent regulations, the chemical industry has begun to develop production chemicals of lower environmental impact.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,447,717 B1 Fan Et Al
    USOO644.7717B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,447,717 B1 Fan et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 10, 2002 (54) COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR 5,284,512 A 2/1994 Koskan et al. .............. 106/416 INHIBITION OF METAL CORROSION 5,443,651 A 8/1995 Kalota et al. .................. 134/2 5,531,934. A 7/1996 Freeman et al. ............ 252/390 (75) Inventors: Joseph C. Fan; Lai-Duien Grace Fan, SE A : 3.E. been al - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. -- . 2Y----Y/2 arey el al. WN is Critish Mazo, 5,616,544. A 4/1997 Kalota et al. ............... 508/508 1Imelle, all O 5,776,875 A 7/1998 Tang et al. ................. 510/247 5,853,619 A 12/1998 Watson et al. .............. 252/391 (73) ASSignee: lar Corporation, Bedford Park, IL 6,117,364 A * 9/2000 Vorderbruggen et al. ... 252/395 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this * cited bby examiner patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Primary Examiner Krisanne Thornton (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Olson & Hierl, Ltd. (21) Appl. No.: 09/325,985 (57) ABSTRACT (22) Filed: Jun. 4, 1999 Carbon dioxide induced corrosion of ferrous metals in (51) Int. Cl." ................................................. C23F 11/00 aqueous Systems is inhibited by treatment of the aqueous (52) U.S. Cl. ................ ... 422/7; 422/12; 422/17 System with corrosion inhibiting amino thiol and amino (58) Field of Search s 4227 12, 17 disulfide compounds. Particularly effective inhibitors are the - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s u-1-9 natural amino acids cysteine and cystine and their decar (56) References Cited boxylated analogues cysteamine and cyStamine.
    [Show full text]
  • Application A1161 Potassium Polyaspartate As a Food Additive in Wine
    Supporting document 1 Food technology, hazard and dietary assessment report - Application A1161 Potassium polyaspartate as a food additive in wine Executive summary FSANZ has assessed an application from Enartis Pacific Pty Ltd. to amend the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (the Code) to permit the use of potassium polyaspartate as a food additive in wine at a maximum permitted level of 100 mg/L. Potassium polyaspartate functions as a stabiliser by preventing the growth of potassium bitartrate crystals in wine. Based on the food technology assessment, FSANZ has concluded that potassium polyaspartate, when used as a food additive to stabilise wine, is technologically justified in the quantity and form proposed. It is appropriately classified as a food additive since it provides a technological function as a stabiliser. Results of in vitro studies indicate that gastrointestinal degradation and absorption of potassium polyaspartate is likely to be minimal. Potassium polyaspartate was not genotoxic in vitro, and no adverse effects were observed in 14-day and 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity studies in rats at doses up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested. A dietary exposure assessment was conducted for Australian and New Zealand population groups based on the proposed draft variation. The estimated mean and 90th percentile dietary exposures range from 0.031 mg/kg bw/day to 0.35 mg/kg bw/day and from 0.072 mg/kg bw/day to 0.79 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, across the population groups assessed. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in the 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats (1000 mg/kg bw/day) is more than 1200-fold higher than the highest 90th percentile exposure to potassium polyaspartate in the dietary exposure assessment.
    [Show full text]