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Baypure® Ds 100 P ® GENERAL PRODUCTINFORMATION Diese Broschüre enthält bestimmte in die Zukunft gerichtete Aussagen, die auf den gegenwärtigen Annahmen und Prognosen der Unternehmensleitung der LANXESS Baypure Deutschland GmbH beruhen. Verschiedene bekannte wie auch unbekannte Risiken, Ungewissheiten und andere Faktoren können dazu führen, dass die tatsächlichen Ergeb- nisse, die Finanzlage, die Entwicklung oder die Performance der Gesellschaft wesentlich von den hier gegebenen Einschätzungen abweichen. Die Gesellschaft übernimmt kein- erlei Verpflichtung, solche zukunftsgerichteten Aussagen fortzuschreiben und an zukün- ftige Ereignisse oder Entwicklungen anzupassen. Die vorstehenden Informationen und unsere anwendungstechnische Beratung in Wort, Schrift und durch Versuche erfolgen nach bestem Wissen, gelten jedoch nur als unver- bindliche Hinweise, auch in Bezug auf etwaige Schutzrechte Dritter. Die Beratung befreit Sie nicht von einer eigenen Prüfung unserer aktuellen Beratungshinweise – insbesondere unserer Sicherheitsdatenblätter und technischen Informationen – und unserer Produkte im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung für die beabsichtigten Verfahren und Zwecke. Anwendung, Verwendung und Verarbeitung unserer Produkte und der aufgrund unserer anwen- dungstechnischen Beratung von Ihnen hergestellten Produkte erfolgen außerhalb unse- rer Kontrollmöglichkeiten und liegen daher ausschließlich in Ihrem Verantwortungsbe- reich. Der Verkauf unserer Produkte erfolgt nach Maßgabe unserer jeweils aktuellen All- gemeinen Verkaufs- und Lieferbedingungen. Bestell-Nr.: LXS-FCC17D, Ausgabe: 2005-10 LANXESS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH I BU FUNCTIONAL CHEMICALS I WATER AND SPECIALITY CHEMICALS I CHEMIEPARK LEVERKUSEN I 51369 LEVERKUSEN I FAX +49 (0)214-3041713 I WWW.BAYPURE.COM CONTENT INTRODUCTION P. 4 IDEA AND CONCEPT P. 5 SYNTHESIS P. 7 STRUCTURES P. 7 IMITATING NATURE P. 9 - BAYPURE® DS 100 P. 9 - BAYPURE® CX 100 P. 11 BIODEGRADATION IN HARMONY WITH THE ENVIRONMENT P. 12 TOXICOLOGY P. 14 BAYPURE® DS 100 P. 17 - SUPPLY FORMS P. 17 - STABILITY P. 18 - VISCOSITY P. 19 - STABILITY CONSTANTS P. 19 - COMPARISON POLYASPARTATE – OTHER POLYCARBOXYLATES P. 20 BAYPURE® CX 100 P. 23 - DELIVERY FORMS P. 23 - DENSITY P. 25 - VISCOSITY P. 25 - pH AND pKa DATA P. 27 - STABILITY P. 27 - IMINODISUCCINATE METAL COMPLEXES P. 28 - CALCIUM BINDING CAPACITY P. 29 - STABILITY CONSTANTS P. 30 BAYPURE® DSP P. 33 - PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS P. 33 APPLICATIONS OVERVIEW P. 35 Baypure® EFFICIENT BY NATURE 2 INTRODUCTION BAYPURE® - IDEA AND CONCEPT LANXESS (previously Bayer Chemicals) has been pursuing this EFFICIENT BY NATURE - ECONOMICALLY AND ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT type of research project for years under the central theme of »Responsible Care« in order to highlight innovative routes for its Dispersing and complexing agents are nearly everywhere in our dominantly used are removed in water treatment plants, they are only customers. daily life. At home, in industry and crafts, wherever water is used, mineralized to a very small extent. The majority is absorbed in LANXESS biomimetic chemistry is still a relatively new area of work these additives are required so that water is used more efficiently. sewage sludge. If the sewage sludge is used for agricultural pur- and the new series of Baypure®* products was developed there. The conservation of resources is the basic concept behind all these poses, the polymers return to the biosphere. On the basis of their Chemistry and nature do not conflict with each other: on the con- With the new Baypure® range, LANXESS is now able to offer its cus- additives. In the past, water chemicals polluted the effluents. Nowa- behavior, they are not considered to be readily biodegradable. trary, chemical substances are the building blocks of both our living tomers a group of products helping them to use water more effi- days, large amounts of water-soluble dispersing agents based on Also, huge amounts of conventional chelants are still used, although and inanimate environment. ciently and in a more environmentally friendly manner, using ecolo- polycarboxylates are used worldwide, mainly in the detergent indus- their use is controversial due to environmental or toxicological con- gically compatible, biodegradable functional polymers and chelants. try and for water treatment. The world market is currently estimat- cern. What can be more »natural« than to learn from nature? That is the With these innovative products for complexing, dispersing and con- ed at several hundred thousand tons a year. The waste problem Our aim was developing and marketing new, ecologically compati- task of biomimetic chemistry which makes industrial use of natural trolling crystallization, we are able to offer our customers a powerful associated with these functional polymers is still largely unsolved. ble products. We used nature as a model for this. Baypure® is the processes and products. range of products for water conditioning . Although the polycarboxylates based on acrylic acid being pre- result of it. * Baypure® is a registered tradename of Bayer AG, Leverkusen 4 SYNTHESIS All Baypure® products are made of maleic acid anhydride, ammo- nia water and occasionally sodium hydroxide. These raw materials are easily accessible. In the process of manufacturing Polyaspartic Acid, Polysuccin- imide is generated first. This is converted into salts of Polyaspar- tic Acid by subsequent hydrolysis. The Baypure® CX 100 is direct- ly synthesized of the above mentioned raw materials. Baypure® DSP Polysuccinimide ⌬ , NH3 NaOH NaOH, NH3 Baypure® DS 100 Baypure® CX 100 Sodiumpolyaspartate Tetrasodium Iminodisuccinate STRUCTURES O O O O O ONa O ONa ONa O O O ONa NaO ONa ␣ H ␤ ␣ H N N ONa NaO ONa H N H N ␤␤N N 2 H H N O O O O O O ONa ONa H O n Baypure® DS 100 Baypure® CX 100 D,L-asparatic acid, n: depending on the way of synthesis N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-, tetranatrium salt; CAS-No. 144538-83-0 6 NATURE AS THE MODEL FROM A NATURALLY OCCURING POLYPEP- TIDE TO AN INDUSTRIAL POLYMER: BAYPURE® DS100 Polymers being able to control crystallization processes are present in nature. For millions of years, mussels have used certain proteins which contain polyaspartate (salts of Polyaspartic Acid) sequences consisting of between 10 and 50 aspartic acid units to control the structural synthesis of their shells. Even in higher living organisms, these types of molecules have an effect on biomineralization processes, for example the growth of bones and teeth. *The figure is published in »Biomimetic Material Chemistry«, page 256, figure 9.6 (b) Editor Stephen Mann, ISBN: 1- 56081-669-4 [1996]. Copyright by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights Reserved. Calcit Crystal growth without Calcit Crystal growth* with Polyaspartates Polyaspartates Short, homopolymeric aspartic acid chains have an effect on crystal 2. New seed crystals are formed on the polymer chains so that ulti- growth not only in vivo, but also in vitro. The protein chain interacts mately many small crystals are produced which can shift with with certain surfaces of a microcrystal. This has two effects: respect to each other and which are separated by polyaspartic acid molecules. 1. Crystal growth is prevented or delayed, because further ions from On a macroscopic scale, these collections of crystallites also have the aqueous solution cannot easily be inserted into the crystal lat- quite different mechanical properties from those of large crystals. tice. Thus the presence of polymers leads to a different type of This is the key to the industrial application of Baypure® DS100 func- crystal morphology. tional polymers. ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP Polycarboxylate - - - - ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP COO COO COO COO Structural comparison between Polycarboxylates and Sodium Salts of Polyaspartic Acid. In contrast to polyacrylates having a molecular backbone exclusive- - - COO O COO- O COO ly consisting of carbon atomes, the backbone of Polyaspartic Acid has a chain consisting of carbon and nitrogen atoms enabling N N H H biodegradation. Having an effect Polyasparate on the crystal morphology of 8 minerals FROM THE POLYMER TO THE MONOMER: BAYPURE® CX100 Chelation is also a widespread process in nature. Processes involv- ing complexants are photosynthesis in plants, and oxygen transport in all animals right up to humans. Porphyrin complexes of magne- sium, iron or copper, are key substances in living organisms. Syn- thetic chelants act in just the same way as biological complexing agents, which hold firmly on to their essential metal ions when they bond to troublesome metal ions and thus mask them. The use of nitrogen atoms in combination with oxygen functions as complex-forming centers is a very old idea in nature. The skillful link- ing of these functional groups in Baypure® CX100, the Tetrasodium salt of Iminodisuccinic Acid, also give rise to a superior property of this molecule: its outstanding biodegradability. This means that this compound is much better, from an ecological point of view, than conventional complexing agents. Complexing agents from the Baypure® range do their work where they are actu- ally used, during application. IMINODISUCCINIC ACID: A BIODEGRADABLE COMPLEXING AGENT O O ONa C-Terminus, Polyaspartate ONa N I H O O O O O H 2 O OH NaOH NaO ONa O OH NH NaO ONa 3 N I O O O H O 10 Biodegradation of Baypure® CX100 Biodegradation in % over 28 days 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 7 14 21 28 Test design OECD 302 B as a function of time time [d] Biodegradation in % over 28 days 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 7 14 21 28 Test
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