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High Efficient Ultra-Thin Flat Optics Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces

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High Efficient Ultra-Thin Flat Optics Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces High Efficient Ultra-Thin Flat Optics Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Ozdemir, Aytekin Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 20:18:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626664 HIGH EFFICIENT ULTRA-THIN FLAT OPTICS BASED ON DIELECTRIC METASURFACES by Aytekin Ozdemir __________________________ Copyright © Aytekin Ozdemir 2018 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the COLLEGE OF OPTICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2018 2 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Aytekin Ozdemir 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Here I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my PhD advisors Dr. Hamza Kurt and Dr. Yuzuru Takashima. I am grateful for Dr. Kurt’s guidance and inspiration, which helps me to find valuable research topics and make great progress in my interested area. The expertise and the skills that he imparted to me will have a profound impact on my future career development. I appreciate Dr. Takashima’s helps, guidance and mentorship anytime with no hesitation. He provided the conditions for me to succeed in my PhD at OSC and without his and Dr. Kurt’s collaborative and inspiring approach none of this would be possible. I would like to thank Dr. Jim Schwiegerling for being my committee member, who gave me detailed suggestions. His contributions in the field of optics and excellent books in SPIE keep illuminating the path of young researchers like me. I am also grateful to each member in the Dr. Kurt’s group, Zeki Hayran, Nazmi Yilmaz, F. Taha Bagci, Ibrahim Halil Giden, Utku Gorkem Yasa who provided great support, collaboration and discussions at each step toward my PhD degree. I also want to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the great academic advising staff at OSC and Graduate College at UofA, Mr. Mark Rodriguez, Mrs. Lindsay Loebig, Mrs. Elise Bowler for their kind assistance and continuous support even from a very long distance. I would like to thank my MSc advisor at OSC, Dr. Franko Kueppers, who first accepted me to his group and guided me to the correct research field in PhD 5 program when I was having hard times. I really appreciate Prof. Mark Neifeld for allowing me to work on his volume holography-based computational imaging research and improving my research skills. I would like to thank my former co-worker and life-time great friend Dr. Yavuz Ozturk who was always ready to help even in editing my PhD thesis. A hearty thanks to my fellow students, Dr. Cihan Tunc, Muhammed Sen, Dr. Esen Salcin, Anael Guilmo, Dr. Alejandra Santigo, Charles Greenlee, Dr. Sukumar Murali and many others. Thank you for helping me study and pass the comprehensive exam, keeping me motivated in graduate school, giving great advices for job searching and referring me. Last but not the least, I would like to thank Dr. Selcuk Akturk, who motivated me not to give up the PhD at OSC even at our 1st introduction, and helped me during the tough days of job search. 6 DEDICATION To God, the most merciful, the most gracious, who inspired me to the correct path of success, bestowed upon me the patience and the talents that I need. To my parents Dursun and Nazli Ozdemir who brought me up by struggling with severe hardships, gave me unconditional support, endless love, and enormous motivation throughout my life. To my sisters Filiz, Feryal, and Fisun and my brother Fatih Mehmet who always prayed for me throughout the good and tough times, always pushed me to do better and believed in my talents, supported me against the challenges of life. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ 9 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 16 1.1 Metasurfaces........................................................................................... 17 1.2 Motivation and Topics to Cover............................................................. 19 1.3 References .............................................................................................. 23 APPENDIX A: POLARIZATION INDEPENDENT HIGH TRANSMISSION LARGE NUMERICAL APERTURE LASER BEAM FOCUSING AND DEFLECTION BY DIELECTRIC HUYGENS’ METASURFACES ................. 27 A.1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 28 A.2. Design and Results ................................................................................. 32 A.3. Design of 1D beam deflector ................................................................. 39 A.3.1. Design of 1D flat lens ..................................................................... 41 A.3.2. Design of 2D flat lens ..................................................................... 43 A.4. Conclusion .............................................................................................. 49 A.5. References .............................................................................................. 51 APPENDIX B: METASURFACE LENS ARRAY-BASED EFFICIENT MID- WAVE INFRARED FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS ................................................ 58 B.1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 59 8 B.2. Design and Results ................................................................................. 66 B.2.1. Design of the building blocks of metasurface lens ......................... 66 B.3. Focal plane array via metasurface lens array ......................................... 68 B.4. Conclusion .............................................................................................. 76 B.5. References .............................................................................................. 77 APPENDIX C: TUNABLE WIDE ANGLE BEAM-STEERING VIA METASURFACES INFILTRATED WITH NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS . 81 C.1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 82 C.2. Conclusion .............................................................................................. 91 C.3. References .............................................................................................. 93 CHAPTER 2: CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK ............................................... 98 9 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. A-1. (a) Artistic impression of an all-dielectric resonator metasurface beam deflector and lens (b) Side-view of the unit cell of the designed metasurface lens: a Silicon nanodisk embedded in a host substrate of fused Silica (SiO2). Here nanodisks are arranged in a square lattice array. For the design wavelength λ=1064 nm, the unit cell dimension is equal to P=620 nm, nanodisk height is equal to H=170 nm, and the nanodisk radii (R) vary between 130 to 240 nm. The host Silica thickness values are equal to T1= 700 nm, T2=350 nm. The 500 µm thick back layer of fused Silica is not shown in for the sake of clarity. .............................. 33 Fig. A-2. (a) Transmission and (b) Phase modulation of nanodisk arrays versus wavelength and nanodisk radii with nanodisk height of 170 nm and 620 nm unit cell dimension. Electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonance overlap occurs at 1064 nm shown by the vertical line, and overlap region is shown by the white ellipse. (c) Transmission and (d) phase shift at a wavelength of 1064 nm for varying radii of nanodisks calculated from numerical simulations. ................................................ 36 Fig. A-3. Plots (a) to (h) depict the geometric dispersion of an array of disks with a periodicity of 620 nm at different wavelengths as indicated from 0.9 nm to 1.2 µm. It can be seen that the MD and ED resonance modes cross for a unique value of radius and height for each of the wavelength observed and that there is near unity transmission at the dipole resonance mode crossing. ................................................................................................ 38 Fig. A-4. (a) Super cell with 10 nanodisks in a periodic array of the beam deflector. It repeats with a period of 6.1 µm along the x-axis and 620 nm along the y-axis. (b) Phase of the electric field (blue line) as a function of x- coordinate at about z = 3.5 µm. The dashed green line and
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