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GEOSYNTHETIC LINERS PRODUCT DATA

FOR MORE INFORMATION By bonding clay to geosynthetic materials, manufacturers magazine has provided created an economical, long-term solution for information on the specification charts for comparative purposes many applications. only. Designers should contact manufacturers for additional details and to discuss site- specific considerations. eosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are hydraulic barriers made of clay Information on the use and specification of bonded to a single geosynthetic layer or to multiple geosynthetic layers. geosynthetic clay liners is also available from Because of its low permeability, swelling capacity and relative abundance, the Geosynthetic Materials Association (GMA). G natural sodium is the preferred clay component of GCLs. A wide GMA 1801 County B West range of materials, including and , are used to carry Roseville, MN 55113-4061 USA and encapsulate the clay. Also, they provide the product with structural support. +1 651 225 6981 fax +1 651 631 9334 GCLs are used primarily as substitutes for compacted clay liners (CCLs), [email protected] providing significant advantages in cost, ease of installation and performance. www.GMAnow.com Primary applications include surface impoundment, secondary containment PUBLISHER’S NOTE and landfill lining. GCLs use has grown steadily, and standards have been authored to ad- Geosynthetics magazine compiled all dress swell and fluid-loss index testing, determination of flux, manufacturing, information included in the Geosynthetics 2021 Specifier’s Guide from information submitted by sampling, installation and more. firms in the geosynthetics industry. Companies provided specifications voluntarily, and specification accuracy is the responsibility Manufacturing process of the manufacturer. The appearance of a GCLs are prefabricated sheets of processed bentonite clay available in multiple listing in this directory is not an endorsement of the company or product by Geosynthetics sizes. They are manufactured by encapsulating the clay between two or more magazine or the Industrial Fabrics Association layers of or by bonding the clay to one side of a . The International (IFAI). The Geosynthetics 2021 geotextile-supported products hold the clay in place by soluble adhesives, I-ties Specifier’s Guide is intended as a guide, and Geosynthetics magazine and IFAI encourage or barbed needlepunching that interlocks the geotextile fibers, or by periodic readers to contact the companies listed for rows of heavy stitching through the clay and fabric. further information. The numbers Companies that submitted product data chart lines were asked to provide data determined through industry-accepted testing methods. Companies signed a certificate of compliance verifying the accuracy of this data.

www.GeosyntheticsMagazine.com 93 GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS

GCL Base GCL Dimensional Hydraulic Bentonite GCL Structural Components Properties Properties Properties Upper Lower Geosynthetic Geosynthetic

) 2 or mm or mm 2 2

(lb/ft or mil) or mil) -s 2 2 2 2 /m 3 Swell Index Index Swell ASTM D 5890 (min) ml/2g Loss Fluid ASTM D 5891 ml Flux [1] Flux ASTM D 5887 [2] m (oz/yd (oz/yd Product Name Product Bonding Method Strength Needlepunched Peel ASTM D6496, N/m (lb/in) Width/ Roll Size Panel m/m (ft/ft)Length (lb) kg Weight Roll Average Mass/Unit Area Bentonite ASTM D5993 gm/m or structure Type ASTM D5261 Weight or Thickness ASTM D5199 g/m or structure Type ASTM D5261 Weight or Thickness ASTM D5199 g/m Suggested Manufacturer’s [3] Applications

AGRU America l www.agruamerica.com

Agru GeoClay® 4.7/45.7 -8 NN66 Needle punch 6.1 (3.5) (15.5/150) 1700 (3750) 3600 (0.75) 1x10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Nonwoven 200 (6.0)

Agru GeoClay® 4.7/45.7 -8 WN36 Needle punch 6.1 (3.5) (15.5/150) 1590 (3500) 3600 (0.75) 1x10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Woven 105 (3.1) CETCO l www.cetco.com

BENTOMAT Needle-punched 4.6/45.7 -9 Geoflm/geotextile LL, LC, SIC, 600CL laminated 175 (1.0) (15/150) 1250 (2750) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 composite NP Woven 105 (3.2) CL, SIL

Smooth FML/ Needle-punched 4.6/45.7 -9 LL, LC, SIC, BENTOMAT CL laminated 610 (3.5) (15/150) 1270 (2800) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 geotextile NP Woven 105 (3.2) composite CL, SIL

Textured FML/ Needle-punched 4.6/45.7 -9 LL, LC, SIC, BENTOMAT CLT laminated 610 (3.5) (15/150) 1360 (3000) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 geotextile NP Woven 105 (3.2) composite CL, SIL

Scrim 4.4/45.7 -8 BENTOMAT FLW Needle-punched 610 (3.5) (14.5/150) 1220 (2700) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) reinforced 200 (6.0) LL, LC, SIC nonwoven

4.4/45.7 -8 BENTOMAT DN Needle-punched 610 (3.5) (14.5/150) 1220 (2700) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Nonwoven 200 (6.0) LL, LC, SIC

4.6/45.7 -8 BENTOMAT ST Needle-punched 610 (3.5) (15/150) 1220 (2700) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Woven 105 (3.2) LL, LC, SIC

BENTOMAT 4.6/45.7 -8 200R Needle-punched 175 (1.0) (15/150) 1200 (2650) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 105 (3.2) Woven 105 (3.2) LL, LC, SIC

4.4/45.7 -9✧✧ RESISTEX Needle-punched Per design (14.5/150) 1360 (3000) 4400 (1.0) 4 x 10 NP NP Per design Per design Per design Per design LL, SIL*

[1]: CETCO® RESISTEX®, geosynthetic clay liners are engineered to provide the highest level of chemical compatibility in extremely aggressive environments such as coal combustion product storage facilities, mining operations, and industrial waste storage facilities. ✧✧RESISTEX® geosynthetic clay liners were tested against various including, but not limited to, samples from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and other industrial leachates, and should be considered as guide only. CETCO® offers project-specifc compatibility testing to verify the suitability of CETCO® products. GCL mechanical properties can be tailored to meet project-specifc requirements. NAUE GmbH & Co. KG l www.naue.com 1,000 - 1,500 Bentofix Needle-punched 360 - 800 5/>40 (2,200 - 3,000 - 8,000 5 x 10-9 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Woven 100 (3.0) All (2 - 4.6) (16.5 />130) 3,300) (0.6 - 1.7)

-9 Woven and Needle-punched/ 5 x 10 PE extruded Bentofix X PE extruded 360 - 800 4.85/40 1,000 (2,200) 3,600 (0.75) (bentonite); 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) 100 (3.0) All (2 - 4.6) (16 /130) -14 coating (200 - coating GCL < 10 1000 g/sqm)

[1] Flux is defined as "Flow rate/unit area" which can [3] CL = liner NP = Not provided by manufacturer be converted to permeability using the equation: LL = liner NA = Not applicable, per manufacturer Permeability = flux/hydraulic gradient SIC = Surface impoundment cover LC = Landfill cover Companies were requested to provide minimum [2] Report result at a maximum confining stress of 35 kPa SIL = Surface impoundment liner roll values (MARV). All claims are the responsibility (5 psi) and 14 kPa (2 psi) head pressure of the manufacturer.

« Geosynthetics recommends you contact the manufacturers before making any specifying/purchasing decisions »

94 Geosynthetics | December 2020 January 2021 GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS

GCL Base GCL Dimensional Hydraulic Bentonite GCL Structural Components Properties Properties Properties Upper Lower Geosynthetic Geosynthetic

) 2 or mm or mm 2 2

(lb/ft or mil) or mil) -s 2 2 2 2 /m 3 Swell Index Index Swell ASTM D 5890 (min) ml/2g Loss Fluid ASTM D 5891 ml Flux [1] Flux ASTM D 5887 [2] m (oz/yd (oz/yd Product Name Product Bonding Method Strength Needlepunched Peel ASTM D6496, N/m (lb/in) Width/ Roll Size Panel m/m (ft/ft)Length (lb) kg Weight Roll Average Mass/Unit Area Bentonite ASTM D5993 gm/m or structure Type ASTM D5261 Weight or Thickness ASTM D5199 g/m or structure Type ASTM D5261 Weight or Thickness ASTM D5199 g/m Suggested Manufacturer’s [3] Applications

Solmax l www.solmax.com High head Solmax PP geoflm/ applications BentoLiner® Needle-punched, 610 (3.5) 4.7/46 1180 (2600) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10-9 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) woven 105 (3.1) with low Series CNSL polymer-coated (15.5/150) composite

Solmax 4.7/46 BentoLiner® Needle-punched 175 (1.0) 1180 (2600) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10-8 24 18 Nonwoven 100 (3.0) Woven 105 (3.1) Low loads and Series EC (15.5/150) flat slopes

Solmax 4.7/46 BentoLiner® Needle-punched 610 (3.5) 1180 (2600) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10-8 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Woven 105 (3.1) Medium loads Series NSL (15.5/150) and slopes

Solmax Nonwoven/ 4.7/46 -8 Medium loads BentoLiner® Needle-punched 610 (3.5) (15.5/150) 1180 (2600) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) woven 200 (6.0) Series NWL composite and slopes

Solmax Nonwoven/ 4.7/46 -8 High loads and BentoLiner® Needle-punched 928 (5.3) (15.5/150) 1180 (2600) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) woven 200 (6.0) Series NWL-35 composite steep slopes

Solmax Nonwoven/ Very high 2,100 4.7/46 -8 BentoLiner® Needle-punched (12.0) (15.5/150) 1180 (2600) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) woven 200 (6.0) loads and Series NWL-60 composite steep slopes

Solmax GundSeal® Adhesive NA 5.3/61 1900 (4200) 3660 (0.75) <<4 x 10-14 Smooth HDPE 0.4-2.0 mm Spunbond Series Smooth (17.5/200) 24 18 geomembrane (15-80 mil) geotextile 25 (0.75) All HDPE

Solmax GundSeal® Adhesive NA 5.3/51 1900 (4200) 3660 (0.75) <<4 x 10-14 Textured HDPE 0.5-2.0 mm Spunbond Series Textured (17.5/170) 24 18 geomembrane (20-80 mil) geotextile 25 (0.75) All HDPE

Note: Also available with polymer enhanced bentonite for high ionic leachates such as coal ash and brine resistant formulas.

Terrafix Geosynthetics Inc./Terrafix Environmental Technology Inc. l www.terrafixgeo.com 4.72m x Bentofix NSL Needlepunched / 610 (3.5) 45.75m 1050 (2300) 3660 (0.75) 5 x 10-9 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Woven 105 (3.2) LL, LC, SIL Bentonite (15.5/150)

Needlepunched / 4.72m x Bentofix SRNWL 610 (3.5) 45.75m 1135 (2500) 3660 (0.75) 5 x 10-9 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) Scrim- 200 (6.0) LL, LC, SIL, Bentonite (15.5/150) nonwoven Slopes

Needlepunched 4.72m x Bentofix CNSL / Polypropylene 610 (3.5) 45.75m 1135 (2500) 3660 (0.75) 1 x 10-9 PP Geoflm / coated / 24 18 Nonwoven 200 (6.0) woven 300 (8.8) LL, LC, SIL Bentonite (15.5/150)

[1] Flux is defined as "Flow rate/unit area" which can [3] CL = Canal liner NP = Not provided by manufacturer be converted to permeability using the equation: LL = NA = Not applicable, per manufacturer Permeability = flux/hydraulic gradient SIC = Surface impoundment cover LC = Landfill cover Companies were requested to provide minimum [2] Report result at a maximum confining stress of 35 kPa SIL = Surface impoundment liner roll values (MARV). All claims are the responsibility (5 psi) and 14 kPa (2 psi) head pressure of the manufacturer.

« Geosynthetics recommends you contact the manufacturers before making any specifying/purchasing decisions »

96 Geosynthetics | December 2020 January 2021