America's Spaceport
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Financial Support for the Development of These Album Pages Provided by Mystic Stamp Company America's Leading Stamp Dealer
SPACE ON STAMPS Created for free use in the public domain American Philatelic Society ©2010 • www.stamps.org Financial support for the development of these album pages provided by Mystic Stamp Company America’s Leading Stamp Dealer and proud of its support of the American Philatelic Society www.MysticStamp.com, 800-433-7811 Space on Stamps ou might say, it all started with the dream of flight and a desire to see the world as the birds do. For tens of thousands of years mankind has watched the stars Yand wondered what they might represent. Possibly the oldest constellation identified by humans as a permanent fixture in the night sky is Ursa Major, the Great Bear, the third largest of the constellations, and best known for the seven stars that make up its rump and tail: the Big Dipper (also known as the Plough or the Wagon). The most helpful of the sky maps, a line drawn though the two outside stars on the bowl of the “dipper” points directly to the North Star. Nothing successfully got human beings above the earth on a repeatable basis, however, until the age of ballooning. The first human to go aloft was a scientist, Pilatre de Rozier, who rose 250 feet into the sky in a hot air balloon and remained suspended above the French countryside for fifteen minutes in October 1783. A month later he and the Marquis d’Arlandes traveled about 5½ miles in the first free flight, using a balloon designed by the Montgolfier brothers. The first North American flight was made January 9, 1793, from Philadelphia to Gloucester County, New Jersey. -
1993 (179Kb Pdf)
February 4, 1993 KSC Contact: Bruce Buckingham KSC Release No. 10-93 Notice To Editors/News Directors: KSC NEWS CENTER OFFICE HOURS FOR PEGASUS ARRIVAL The NASA B-52 aircraft carrying the Orbital Sciences Cor- poration Pegasus rocket is scheduled to arrive at KSC on Sunday, Feb. 7, with launch targeted for Feb. 9. The aircraft is currently scheduled to depart Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., at about 10:00 a.m. EST on Sunday with a single refueling stopover planned at Sheppard AFB, Texas. If weather permits, arrival of the aircraft at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility should be about 4:30 p.m. EST. Status updates regarding the cross-country flight will be made on KSC's codaphone over the weekend. This can be reached by calling 407/867-2525. Public Affairs officers will be in the KSC Press Site office by 9:30 a.m. Sunday in order to provide status updates by phone. The office, however, will not officially open until it is deter- mined the aircraft will in fact be arriving at KSC. If it is determined that the aircraft will be successful in completing the day-long trip to KSC on Sunday, the office will officially open at 3:00 p.m. In that event, media interested in viewing the B-52/Pegasus arrival should plan on calling the KSC news center at 407/867-2468 for departure times to the Shuttle Landing Facility. News media who do not possess current credentials must con- tact the Public Information Office before close of business Friday, Feb. -
Electron Energetics in the Martian Dayside Ionosphere: Model Comparisons with MAVEN Data Shotaro Sakai1, Laila Andersson2, Thomas E
Electron energetics in the Martian dayside ionosphere: Model comparisons with MAVEN data Shotaro Sakai1, Laila Andersson2, Thomas E. Cravens1, David L. Mitchell3, Christian Mazelle4,5, Ali Rahmati1,3, Christopher M. Fowler2, Stephen W. Bougher6, Edward M. B. Thiemann2, Francis G. Eparvier2, Juan M. Fontenla7, Paul R. Mahaffy8, John E. P. Connerney8, and Bruce M. Jakosky2 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA 2Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA 3Space Science Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 4Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France 5CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France 6Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA 7NorthWest Research Associates, 3380 Mitchell Ln, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA 8NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA Corresponding Author: Thomas E. Cravens, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA ([email protected]) Main points * High electron temperatures (e.g., 3000 K) can be obtained in the Martian topside ionosphere without invoking solar wind heating. * The magnetic topology is a key factor in determining electron temperatures and photoelectron fluxes at Mars. This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. -
FY2009 NRO Congressional Budget Justification Book
NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE 14675 Lee Road Chantilly, VA 20151-1715 6 July 2009 Mr. Steven Aftergood Senior Research Analyst Federation of American Scientists 1725 DeSales St NW, 6th Floor Washington, D.C. 20036 Dear Mr. Aftergood: This is in response to your faxed letter, dated 5 March 2008, received in the Information Management Services Center of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) on 7 March 2008. Pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), you requested "a copy of all unclassified portions of the NRO Congressional Budget Justification Book (CBJB) for Fiscal Year 2009.° Your request was processed in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552, as amended. A thorough search of our files and databases located one record, consisting of 465 pages that is responsive to your request. This record is being released to you in part. Material withheld is denied pursuant to FOIA exemption(b) (3) which applies to information specifically exempt by statute, 50 U.S.C. § 403-1(i) which protects intelligence sources and methods from unauthorized disclosure. AS you are aware, the FOIA authorizes federal agencies to assess fees for record services. Based upon the information provided, you have been placed in the "other" category of requesters, which means that a requester is responsible for charges incurred for the cost of search time exceeding two hours and duplication in excess of the first 100 pages of document reproduction in the processing of this request. In your request, you expressed a willingness to pay fees up to the amount of $50.00. -
Three Events Occurred During This Period Which Together Constitute a Major Milestone in the Way Meteorological Data Are Pr
6.1 DESIGNING WEATHER SUPPORT FOR FUTURE RANGES – RESULTS FROM THE ADVANCED RANGE TECHNOLOGY WORKING GROUP WEATHER SUBGROUP William P. Roeder1 and John T. Madura2 145th Weather Squadron, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 2Weather Office, Kennedy Space Center, FL 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ARTWG WEATHER TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP The Advanced Range Technology Working Group The ARTWG Weather Subgroup, which included (ARTWG) was formed to identify the technologies government, industry and university participants, prepared required for the best performing, most cost-effective future a technology roadmap summarizing desired major space launch and test Ranges, and the R&D required to capabilities for optimal meteorological support to space achieve those technologies. The ARTWG resulted from a ranges for 25 years into the future. The 25-year planning White House Office of Science and Technology Policy time was further divided into three sub-periods (Table-2). (2000) report on the future of America’s space program. The near term requirements can be met with technology The White House tasked NASA and the U.S. Air Force to that is currently available and implementation can begin cooperatively identify the R&D requirements necessary to immediately. The mid term requirements are those that ensure the future competitiveness of U.S. ranges. Two will likely be available in 5-10 years or will require a small parallel initiatives resulted, the ARTWG (2004) co-chaired amount of development. The far term requirements are by NASA and the Air Force, and the companion Advanced advanced capabilities that will require considerable time Spaceport Technology Working Group (ASTWG) (2003), for research and development. -
7. Operations
7. Operations 7.1 Ground Operations The Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) team addressed the launch site integra- tion of the exploration systems. The team was fortunate to draw on expertise from members with historical and contemporary human space flight program experience including the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Shuttle, and International Space Station (ISS) programs, as well as from members with ground operations experience reaching back to the Redstone, Jupiter, Pershing, and Titan launch vehicle programs. The team had a wealth of experience in both management and technical responsibilities and was able to draw on recent ground system concepts and other engineering products from the Orbital Space Plane (OSP) and Space Launch Initiative (SLI) programs, diverse X-vehicle projects, and leadership in NASA/Industry/Academia groups such as the Space Propulsion Synergy Team (SPST) and the Advanced Spaceport Technology Working Group (ASTWG). 7.1.1 Ground Operations Summary The physical and functional integration of the proposed exploration architecture elements will occur at the primary launch site at the NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC). In order to support the ESAS recommendation of the use of a Shuttle-derived Cargo Launch Vehicle (CaLV) and a separate Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) for lunar missions and the use of a CLV for ISS missions, KSC’s Launch Complex 39 facilities and ground equipment were selected for conversion. Ground-up replacement of the pads, assembly, refurbishment, and/or process- ing facilities was determined to be too costly and time-consuming to design, build, outfit, activate, and certify in a timely manner to support initial test flights leading to an operational CEV/CLV system by 2011. -
Space Sector Brochure
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Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 72/Monday, April 15, 2019
15296 Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 72 / Monday, April 15, 2019 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Docket: Background documents or FSS—Flight safety system comments received may be read at PC—Probability of casualty Federal Aviation Administration http://www.regulations.gov at any time. PI—Probability of impact Follow the online instructions for RLV—Reusable launch vehicle 14 CFR Parts 401, 404, 413, 414, 415, accessing the docket or go to the Docket Table of Contents 417, 420, 431, 433, 435, 437, 440, and Operations in Room W12–140 of the 450 I. Overview of Proposed Rule West Building Ground Floor at 1200 II. Background [Docket No.: FAA–2019–0229; Notice No. New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, A. History 19–01] DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday B. Licensing Process through Friday, except Federal holidays. C. National Space Council RIN 2120–AL17 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For D. Streamlined Launch and Reentry Licensing Requirements Aviation Streamlined Launch and Reentry questions concerning this action, contact Randy Repcheck, Office of Rulemaking Committee Licensing Requirements III. Discussion of the Proposal Commercial Space Transportation, A. The FAA’s Approach To Updating and AGENCY: Federal Aviation Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Streamlining Launch and Reentry Administration (FAA), Department of Independence Avenue SW, Washington, Regulations Transportation (DOT). DC 205914; telephone (202) 267–8760; B. Single Vehicle Operator License ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking email [email protected]. C. Performance-Based Requirements and (NPRM). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Means of Compliance D. Launch From a Federal Launch Range SUMMARY: This rulemaking would Authority for This Rulemaking E. -
Mars Core Structure—Concise Review and Anticipated Insights from Insight George Helffrich
Helffrich Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2017) 4:24 Progress in Earth and DOI 10.1186/s40645-017-0139-4 Planetary Science REVIEW Open Access Mars core structure—concise review and anticipated insights from InSight George Helffrich Abstract This review summarizes the knowledge of Mars’ interior structure, its inferred composition, and the anticipated seismological properties arising from its composition with particular focus on Mars’ core. The emphasis on the core stems from the unusual morphology of the liquidus diagram of iron at moderate pressures when enriched in sulfur. From a fairly detailed liquidus diagram constructed from experimental studies, I identify a set of processes that could act within Mars’ core: an iron “snow” from the core-mantle boundary’s surface and a Fe3−xS2 “ground fog” forming at the base of the core. Depending on temperature and bulk sulfur composition, these could form an inner core or could stratify the outer core by enriching it in sulfur, or both. Core stratification could be one explanation for the extinction of Mars’ magnetic field early in the planet’s history, and I demonstrate the feasibility of this mechanism. The crystallization processes in the core could be observable in the seismic data that the future Mars geophysical mission, InSight, is planned to provide. The core size, the presence of an inner core, and the wavespeed profile of the outer core, whose radial derivative provides a proxy for changes in composition, are key observables to seek. Keywords: Mars, InSight, Dynamo, Core, Fe-FeS phase relations, Stratification Introduction Consequently, physical parameters provided by astro- The Earth’s density distribution is known principally nomical and orbital measurements yield the only con- through the eigenfrequencies of its whole-body oscil- straints on Mars’ internal structure. -
Insight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars
InSight Spacecraft Launch for Mission to Interior of Mars InSight is a robotic scientific explorer to investigate the deep interior of Mars set to launch May 5, 2018. It is scheduled to land on Mars November 26, 2018. It will allow us to better understand the origin of Mars. First Launch of Project Orion Project Orion took its first unmanned mission Exploration flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on December 5, 2014. It made two orbits in four hours before splashing down in the Pacific. The flight tested many subsystems, including its heat shield, electronics and parachutes. Orion will play an important role in NASA's journey to Mars. Orion will eventually carry astronauts to an asteroid and to Mars on the Space Launch System. Mars Rover Curiosity Lands After a nine month trip, Curiosity landed on August 6, 2012. The rover carries the biggest, most advanced suite of instruments for scientific studies ever sent to the martian surface. Curiosity analyzes samples scooped from the soil and drilled from rocks to record of the planet's climate and geology. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Begins Mission at Mars NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launched from Cape Canaveral August 12. 2005, to find evidence that water persisted on the surface of Mars. The instruments zoom in for photography of the Martian surface, analyze minerals, look for subsurface water, trace how much dust and water are distributed in the atmosphere, and monitor daily global weather. Spirit and Opportunity Land on Mars January 2004, NASA landed two Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, on opposite sides of Mars. -
Orbiter Processing Facility
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Shuttle: Orbiter Processing From Landing To Launch he work of preparing a space shuttle for the same facilities. Inside is a description of an flight takes place primarily at the Launch orbiter processing flow; in this case, Discovery. Complex 39 Area. TThe process actually begins at the end of each acts Shuttle Landing Facility flight, with a landing at the center or, after landing At the end of its mission, the Space Shuttle f at an alternate site, the return of the orbiter atop a Discovery lands at the Shuttle Landing Facility on shuttle carrier aircraft. Kennedy’s Shuttle Landing one of two runway headings – Runway 15 extends Facility is the primary landing site. from the northwest to the southeast, and Runway There are now three orbiters in the shuttle 33 extends from the southeast to the northwest fleet: Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour. Chal- – based on wind currents. lenger was destroyed in an accident in January After touchdown and wheelstop, the orbiter 1986. Columbia was lost during approach to land- convoy is deployed to the runway. The convoy ing in February 2003. consists of about 25 specially designed vehicles or Each orbiter is processed independently using units and a team of about 150 trained personnel, NASA some of whom assist the crew in disembarking from the orbiter. the orbiter and a “white room” is mated to the orbiter hatch. The The others quickly begin the processes necessary to “safe” the hatch is opened and a physician performs a brief preliminary orbiter and prepare it for towing to the Orbiter Processing Fa- medical examination of the crew members before they leave the cility. -
Getting to Mars How Close Is Mars?
Getting to Mars How close is Mars? Exploring Mars 1960-2004 Of 42 probes launched: 9 crashed on launch or failed to leave Earth orbit 4 failed en route to Mars 4 failed to stop at Mars 1 failed on entering Mars orbit 1 orbiter crashed on Mars 6 landers crashed on Mars 3 flyby missions succeeded 9 orbiters succeeded 4 landers succeeded 1 lander en route Score so far: Earthlings 16, Martians 25, 1 in play Mars Express Mars Exploration Rover Mars Exploration Rover Mars Exploration Rover 1: Meridiani (Opportunity) 2: Gusev (Spirit) 3: Isidis (Beagle-2) 4: Mars Polar Lander Launch Window 21: Jun-Jul 2003 Mars Express 2003 Jun 2 In Mars orbit Dec 25 Beagle 2 Lander 2003 Jun 2 Crashed at Isidis Dec 25 Spirit/ Rover A 2003 Jun 10 Landed at Gusev Jan 4 Opportunity/ Rover B 2003 Jul 8 Heading to Meridiani on Sunday Launch Window 1: Oct 1960 1M No. 1 1960 Oct 10 Rocket crashed in Siberia 1M No. 2 1960 Oct 14 Rocket crashed in Kazakhstan Launch Window 2: October-November 1962 2MV-4 No. 1 1962 Oct 24 Rocket blew up in parking orbit during Cuban Missile Crisis 2MV-4 No. 2 "Mars-1" 1962 Nov 1 Lost attitude control - Missed Mars by 200000 km 2MV-3 No. 1 1962 Nov 4 Rocket failed to restart in parking orbit The Mars-1 probe Launch Window 3: November 1964 Mariner 3 1964 Nov 5 Failed after launch, nose cone failed to separate Mariner 4 1964 Nov 28 SUCCESS, flyby in Jul 1965 3MV-4 No.