ALEKSANDAR BAČKO

TITLES OF UGANDAN TRADITIONAL RULERS, ROYALTY, CHIEFS, NOBILITY AND CHIVALRY

Editor

Reverend Father Deacon Hadži Nenad M. Jovanović

Published by Author

Belgrade, Serbia 2017. Titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry

Author Aleksandar Bačko

Editor Reverend Father Deacon Hadži Nenad M. Jovanović

Author of the cover Katarina Bačko

Published by Author

All rights reserved by Author

ISBN 978-86-912425-8-9

Dedicated to His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I by The Grace of God, Omukama of The Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, Ruler of Hoima, Masindi, Kibaale, Buliisa, Kiryandongo, Kagadi and Kakumiro, The Grandson of Kabalega, The Healer, The Orphan Protector, The Hater of Rebellion, The Lion of Bunyoro, The Hero of Bunyoro, The Hero of Kabalega, etc. etc. etc. – 49th Omukama of The Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, 27th Omukama in The Babiito Dynasty - The Sovereign Head and Grand Master of The Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo and The Royal Order of Engabu, The Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, The Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns, Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross etc. etc. etc.

INITIAL NOTE

This book is based on Aleksandar Bačko’s work “About titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry”. This work is significantly supplemented, edited and corrected for this edition.

Initial version of “About titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry” was published in 2013, on interenet presentation “The Center for Research of Orthodox Monarchism” (in Serbian: Ц ).

INTRODUCTION

Contemporary Uganda is Republic in East Africa, in the area of African Great Lakes. However, within Uganda are several traditional constituent Monarchies, with status regulated in Constitution of this Republic. These Monarchies are: Bunyoro – Kitara, Buganda, Toro, Busoga and Rwenzururu.

This list of titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry is certanly uncompleted. However, it represents modest contribution concerning question of traditional titles of area of nowdays Republic of Uganda, and we believe, that it will be useful in some further reasearch.

Author

PARTIAL ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE TITLES OF UGANDAN TRADITIONAL RULERS, ROYALTY, CHIEFS, NOBILITY AND CHIVALRY

Ababiito – See: Omubiito.

Abagomborozi

Traditional title of the Sub-County Chiefs. This title was used in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Uganda) in the past, and it is still used today. This is also a title of second–level Representatives of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom in other countries, in charge of several provinces/departments. Abagomborozi is plural of this title, and Omugomborozi is singular. This title is mentioned in Constitution of Republic of Uganda, writen in 1966. Higher title is County Chief (Abamasaza), and lower is Parish Chief (Abemiruka). Abagomborozi is appointed by Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara. See also: Chief.1

Abajwaara Kondo – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Abakama – See: Omukama.

Abakungu – See: Royal Order of Engabu.

1 John Beattie, Bunyoro, An African Kingdom, Case studies in Cultural Anthropology (further: Beattie, Bunyoro), 41; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information (http://www.scribd.com/doc/123236020/2013-Bunyoro- Kitara-Kingdom-General-Information), 3; Bunyoro-Kitara (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/); ARKBK Representations (http://www.arkbk-clbg.org/5.html); ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara (http://www.arkbk-clbg.org/11.html); ARKBK Structure (http://www.arkbk-clbg.org/4.html); The Constitution of Uganda, 15th April, 1966, 138 – 139; Laws of Uganda, Volume 1, 177 – 178; Statutory instruments, Part III, 1962, 2868; The Uganda independence order in Council 1962, 124. Abakyala

Style of principal consorts of the Kabaka (King) of Buganda Kingdom in Uganda. Abakyala means Lady.2

Abalangira

Abalangira is title of male members of the Royal Clan in Kingdom of Buganda.3

Abamasaza

Traditional title of the County Chiefs. It is used in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Uganda). Abamasaza is appointed by Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara. It is the highest Chief title in this Kingdom. This is also a title of first–level Representatives of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom in other countries, in charge of whole country. Lower is title of Sub-County Chief (Abagomborozi). See also description of the term Chief.4

Abambejja

Abambejja is Ugandan traditional title. It is title of female members of the royal clan (princesses) in Kingdom of Buganda.5

2 Brian Edmond Renshaw Kirwan, P. A. Gore, Elementary Luganda, Uganda Bookshop, 1951. (further: Kirwan, Gore), 49; Royal Ark, Buganda (http://www.royalark.net/Uganda/buganda.htm). 3 The Uganda Journal, Volume 51, Uganda Society, 2007, 14; Royal Ark, Buganda. 4 Alfred Tucker, Eighteen years in Uganda & East Africa, 1970, 286; A handbook of the Uganda protectorate, 1920, 336; Beattie, Bunyoro, 41; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 3; Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Representations; ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Structure. 5 Simon Szreter, Hania Sholkamy, A. Dharmalingam, Categories and Contexts, Anthropological and Historical Studies in Critical Demography, Oxford Abasebbeeyi

As mentioned, principals consorts of Kabaka (King) of Kingdom of Buganda are styled Abakyala. Other of his wives, if of noble birth, are styled Abasebbeeyi.6

Abataka

Title of clan Chiefs in Kingdom of Buganda is Abataka, or Bataka. In the past, Abataka had a lot of political influence but after 1750, the Kabaka (King) assumed a position of political significance far superior to that of the Abataka (Bataka). See also: Bataka.7

Abatongole

This is the title of Sub-Parish Chiefs, used in Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom (Uganda). Higher title is Parish Chief (Abemiruka), and lower is Village Chief (Bakuru B’emigongo). This is also a title of fourth–level Representatives of Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom in other countries, in charge of 1 province/department. Abatongole is plural of this title, and Omutongole is singular. Abatongole is appointed by Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara. In Kingdom of Buganda, Abatongole is title of the Village Chief. See also: Chief; Order of the Shield and Spears.8

University Press, Oxford – New York 2004, 306; Rhiannon Stephens, A History of African Motherhood, The Case of Uganda, 700-1900, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York 2013. (further: Stephens), 138; Royal Ark, Buganda. 6 Royal Ark, Buganda. 7 Buganda, Cultural Administration. (http://www.buganda.or.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17 3&Itemid=129) 8 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 3; ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Structure; ARKBK Representations; ARKBK Structure; Bunyoro-Kitara; Edwin Scott Haydon, Law and justice in Buganda, Butterworth 1960, 151. Abemiruka

Traditional title of Parish Chiefs in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Uganda). Superior title is Sub-County Chief (Abagomborozi), and minor is Sub-Parish Chief (Abatongole). This is also a title of third–level Representatives of Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom in other countries, in charge of 2 or 3 provinces/departments. Abemiruka is appointed by Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara. See also: Chief.9

Adhola

This is elective title of the traditional ruler of Padhola in Republic of Uganda. Since 7. August 1999, Adhola (traditional ruler) of Padhola is Moses Stephen Owor.10

Agutamba – See: Healer.

Azzu

This is elective title of the traditional rulers of Kebu Yuu in Republic of Uganda. Since 14. June 2008, Azzu of Kebu Yuu is Ephraim Kebbi of the House of Yuu.11

9 Beattie, Bunyoro, 41; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 3; ARKBK Structure; Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Representations. 10 World statesmen, Other… (http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Uganda_native.html); Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs). 11 Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Bakuru B’emigongo

This is the title of the Village Chiefs in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Uganda). It is the lowest level of Chiefs in this Kingdom. Above it is Sub-Parish Chief (Abatongole). It is also a title of fifth–level Representatives of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom in other countries, in charge of 1 Village/City. See also description of term Chief.12

Traditional Bunyoro drummer.

12 Beattie, Bunyoro, 41; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 3; ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Representations; Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Structure. Baron

Contemporary male title of nobility of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. This title is above Knight, and below Viscount. Its female equivalent is Baroness.13

Baron is a title of European origin. In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom it was introduced by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I.14

Etymology of this title is unclear, but it is suggested, that term “Baron” is derived from Late Latin, or from Old Frankish language.15

Baron is one of most frequent titles of nobility. It is (or it was) used within many monarchies and feudal societies, mostly European.16

Some of the synonyms for this word, in other languages include: Freiherr (in German), Barone (in Italian) and Báró (in Hungarian language). See also: Baroness.17

13 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group (public) (https://www.facebook.com/groups/1668964023355463/); Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 3, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 3), 421 – 423; Wm. E. Baumgaertner, Squires, Knights, Barons, Kings, War and Politics in Fifteenth Century England, 2009. (further: Baumgaertner). 14 Encyclopædia Britannica 3, 421 - 423; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. 15 Encyclopædia Britannica 3, 421 – 423; Alex Metcalfe, Muslims and Christians in Norman Sicily, Arabic-Speakers and the End of Islam, Abingdon - New York 2013, 247; Mildred Katharine Pope, From Latin to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman phonology and morphology, Manchester University Press, Manchester 1973, 14; Hensleigh Wedgwood, A Dictionary of English Etymology, A - D, Volume I, London 1859. (further: Wedgwood), 115. 16 Encyclopædia Britannica 3, 421 - 423. 17 Wedgwood, 115; Encyclopædia Britannica 3, 421 – 423; A Magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, Volume 1, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1967, 253. Baroness

Baroness is female equivalent of the noble title Baron. It is contemporary noble title of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. See also: Baron.18

Bataka

This is title of the chief of a clan. It is used in the Kingdom of Buganda. See also: Abataka.19

Batebe

In Kingdom of Toro it is the title of “Princess Royal, usually a full sister of the Mukama (Omukama, King), who enjoys the status of first lady of the kingdom during her 20 brother's reign”.

Board of Directors - See: Director.

By The Grace of God

Formula, part of full styles of some African and non- African rulers. For instance, it is part of full title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. See: Omukama.21

18 Encyclopædia Britannica 3, 421 - 423. 19 Royal Ark, Buganda; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 20 Royal Ark, Toro (http://www.royalark.net/Uganda/toro.htm). 21 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Wikipedia, By the Grace of God (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God ) Chairperson

His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Bunyoro-Kitara is The Chairperson of The Uganda Kings and Cultural Leaders Forum. Members of this Forum are Kings and Cultural Leaders of: Bunyoro-Kitara, Toro, Buganda, Ker Alur, Busoga, Alur Kwong, Ker Acholi, Lango, Teso, Rwenzururu, Bunyala, Buruli, Jopadhola, Bugisu, Ankole, and Koki. This organization was established on November 13, 2009. See also: Director.22

Coat of arms of Uganda.

22 Bunyoro-Kitara, Uganda Kings and Cultural Leaders Forum (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/94.html). Chief

This is one of the most frequent titles in Africa, as well as other Continents. In Bunyoro – Kitara Kingdom, there are several levels of Chief titles: County Chiefs (Abamasaza), Sub- County Chiefs (Abagomborozi), Parish Chiefs (Abemiruka), Sub-Parish Chiefs (Abatongole) and Village Chiefs (Bakuru B’emigongo). See also: Abamasaza, Abagomborozi, Abemiruka, Abatongole, Bakuru B’emigongo, and other titles of the Chiefs.23

Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns

By Royal decision of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I, Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara, in 2012. are rewritten “the whole legal chapters and maintain of the Orders Order of the Crown of Thorns and Order of the Lion and the Black Cross under the Ecclesiastical jurisdiction and Patronage of The Apostolic Episcopal Church and the Royal Patronage of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I; with His Majesty Omukama Chwa II. Kabalega name incorporate and the name of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I”. See also: Omukama; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns.24

Commander – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega; Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield; Order of the Shield and Spears.

23 Beattie, Bunyoro, 36 - 47; Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara; ARKBK Structure; Wikipedia, List of Nigerian traditional states (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_traditional_states). 24 Bunyoro-Kitara, Mukungu (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/121.html). Coronet wearer – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Count

Contemporary male title of nobility of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. This title is above Viscount, and below Marquess. Its female equivalent is Countess.25

In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom this title was introduced by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I, in early 21st century. Count is a title of European origin.26

This term is derived from Latin title Comes, which means “Companion” (Imperial Companion). Count is well known title in various countries.27

Among synonyms for this term in some foreign languages are: Comte (French), Graf (German) and Conte (Italian). See also: Countess.28

Countess

This is contemporary female title of nobility of Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom. It represents female equivalent of noble title Count.29

25 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 7, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 7), 312 – 314; Baumgaertner. 26 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Encyclopædia Britannica 7, 312 – 314. 27 Encyclopædia Britannica 7, 312 – 314. 28 Encyclopædia Britannica 7, 312 – 314. 29 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Baumgaertner; Encyclopædia Britannica 7, 312 – 314. This noble title was introduced in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I. See also: Count.30

County Chiefs – See: Abamasaza.

Crown Dame – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Crown Knight – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Crown Prince

Similar to the of most other monarchies, title of Crown Prince is used in some of Ugandan monarchies, as title of the successor of the Royal throne. In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Crown Prince is H.R.H. Crown Prince David Rukidi Mpuga OOKB, OEBKK, GCCK, son of His Majesty Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I.31

Director

Uganda Kings and Cultural Leaders Forum has its Chairperson and Board of Directors. Kings and Cultural Leaders of: Bunyoro-Kitara, Toro, Buganda, Ker Alur, Busoga, Alur Kwong, Ker Acholi, Lango, Teso, Rwenzururu, Bunyala, Buruli, Jopadhola, Bugisu, Ankole, and Koki are members of this Forum. See also: Chairperson.32

30 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. 31 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 7; Bunyoro-Kitara, Crown Prince (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/71.html) 32 Bunyoro-Kitara, Uganda Kings and Cultural Leaders Forum (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/94.html); Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary

Traditional Kingdoms within Uganda Protectorate (British administration).

of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 8, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 8), 309 - 310. Duke

Contemporary male title of nobility of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Duke is title of high nobility, and it is above Marquess. Its female equivalent is Duchess. This is a title of European origin.33

In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom this title of nobility was introduced by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I.34

Etymologically, word Duke comes from Latin term “dux” – meaning “leader”. In some other languages, title Duke is translated as: Herzog (in German), Duque (Spanish), or Duc (in French). See also: Duchess.35

Duchess

Duchess is female equivalent of the noble title Duke. It is contemporary noble title of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. See also: Duke.36

Ekitule Kinobere Abeemi – See: Hater of Rebelion.

33 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Baumgaertner; Encyclopædia Britannica 8, 650 - 651. 34 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. 35 Encyclopædia Britannica 8, 650 – 651; Mariano Velazquez de la Cadena, A Pronouncing Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages, New York 1872, 256. 36 Baumgaertner; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. Elder

This is title (in English language) of various positions of authority. It was used in many countries, in history, as well as today. In Iteso (Teso) in Uganda, Elders are electing traditional ruler, Emorimor.37

Emanzi Ya Bunyoro – See: Hero of Bunyoro.

Emanzi Ya Kabalega – See: The Hero of Kabalega.

Emanziya Karuzika

Part of older, full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Emanziya Karuzika means: „the hero of the palace“. This title is not used anymore as part of full official title of Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara.38

Emorimor

This is elective title of the traditional rulers of Iteso (Teso), located in Republic of Uganda. Term “Emorimor” (Emorimori) literally means “Uniter” or “Head of the Clan”. It was duty of Emorimor to keep the Clan and Sub-Clans united. He was elected by Elders of Iteso. Since 4. May 2000, Emorimor of Iteso is Augustine Osuban.39

37 John Ochepa Elanyu Arutu, A court user guide for local committee courts in Uganda, 1998. (further: Arutu), 2 – 3; Wikipedia, Elder (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_(administrative_title)). 38 John Beattie, The Nyoro state, 1971. (further: Beattie, Nyoro), 104. 39 Godfrey Mwakikagile, Uganda, The Land and its People, Dar es Salaam 2009. (further: Mwakikagile, Uganda), 92; Arutu, 2 - 3; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Emorimori – See: Emorimor.

Engazi

Title of Prime Ministers of Kingdom of Ankole was Enganzi. This title is mentioned during second half of 19th and 20th century.40

Entale Yabunyoro – See: Lion of Bunyoro.

Esquire

Esquire is contemporary title of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom in Uganda. This is a title of European origin.41

In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom this title was introduced in early 21st century, by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I.42

Etymologically, word Esquire comes from French term “écuyer” (Old French “escuyer” – meaning “shield bearer”). This title was in different times used for members of minor nobility, chivalry, and gentry.43

40 Godfrey Mwakikagile, The People of Uganda, A Social Perspective, Dar es Salaam 2012, 84; World statesmen, Uganda (http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Uganda.html). 41 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Baumgaertner; Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 9, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 9), 775 - 776. 42 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. 43 Encyclopædia Britannica 9, 775 – 776; Baumgaertner. Excellency

Excellency is honorific style, of European origin. It was introduced in Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, by His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I.44

This honorific is derived from Latin term “excellentia” 45 (with meaning “excellence”, or “superiority”).

Gabula

Hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Bugabula in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). Since 11 February 1995, Gabula of Bugabula is William Nadiope IV of the House of Kitimbo.46

Grand Collar – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

Grand Cross – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

Grand Cross – Special Class – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega; Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield.

44 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 10, Cambridge – New York 1910 – 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 10), 49. 45 Encyclopædia Britannica 10, 49; Oxford dictionary of English, third edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2010, 609. 46 Donald Anthony Low, Fabrication of Empire, The British and Uganda Kingdoms 1890 - 1902, Cambridge 2009. (further: Low), 172; Makerere Historical Journal, Vol. 2, 1976, 34, 197; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Grand Master – See: Omukama; Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

Grand Officer – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

HM Omukama Chwa II Kabalega of Bunyoro.

Grandson of Kabalega

“The Grandson of Kabalega” (Mwijukuru Wakabalega) is part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty.47

This title emphasizes close family relationship between His Majesty Omukama Solomon Iguru I and His Grandfather, His Majesty Omukama Chwa II Kabalega (18 June 1853 – 6 April 1923), Ruler of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom between 1870. and 1899. When he was crowned king, he set out to develop economy of his Kingdom. When the British sought to colonize Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, he firmly resisted. On 1. January 1894 the British declared war on his Kingdom. For a period of five years Kabalega was able to fend off the British, who had help from some African countries, including Somalia, Nubia, and others. On 9 April 1899, Kabalega was shot and wounded by the British, who captured him. Kabalega was exiled to the Seychelles for 24 years. In 1923, Kabalega was given permission to return to Bunyoro-Kitara, but died in Jinja (in Uganda) on 6. April 1923, shortly before reaching the borders of the Kingdom. On 8. June 2009 Kabalega was declared a national hero of Uganda. After him is also named Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega. See also: Omukama, Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.48

Granter – See: Omukama; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of

47 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/6.html); Brian Kingzett Taylor, The western lacustrine Bantu (Nyoro, Toro, Nyankore, Kiga, Haya, and Zinza, with sections on the Amba and Konjo), 1969, 26; Cyril Daryll Forde, Ethnographic survey of Africa, East Central Africa, Parts 9 – 13, 1953, 26, 52, 56. 48 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama; Wikipedia, Kabalega of Bunyoro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabarega_of_Bunyoro). Thorns; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross.

Hater of Rebellion

“The Hater of Rebellion” (Ekitule Kinobere Abeemi) is part of the official full title of Omukama His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. “The Hater of Rebellion” was also used as part of full royal title of His Majesty Omukama Chwa II Kabalega (in form: “Kitule Kinobere Abeemi”). See: Omukama.49

Head – See: Omukama; Sovereign Head of The Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo and The Royal Order of Engabu; Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

Healer

“The Healer” (Agutamba) is part of the full official title of Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. Agutamba (from: „omubazi ogutamba bunaku“) in narrower sence means: „the medicine that cures, or wards off, 50 poverty“. See also: Omukama.

49 A. B. T. Byaruhanga-Akiki, Religion in Bunyoro, 1982, 13; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 50 Beattie, Nyoro, 141; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. Hero of Bunyoro

“The Hero of Bunyoro” (Emanzi Ya Bunyoro) is part of the full title of King (Omukama) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. See also: Omukama.51

Coat of arms of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (by The Center for Research of Orthodox Monarchism).

51 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6. Hereditary Knight – See: Royal Order of Engabu.

Hereditary Crown Knight - See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Hereditary Nobility – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Engabu.

Hero of Kabalega

“The Hero of Kabalega” (Emanzi Ya Kabalega) is part of the full official title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. Tis title is after His Majesty Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, national hero of Uganda, grandfather of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I. See also: Omukama, Grandson of Kabalega, Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.52

Inhebantu

Inhebantu of Busoga is the title given to the queen consort to the ruler of the Kingdom of Busoga (Kyabazinga of Busoga). The most recent Inhebantu was Alice Muloki, who died on November 6, 2005.53

52 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 53 Wikipedia, Inhebantu of Busoga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhebantu_of_Busoga). Inzu

This is the title of the Paramount Chief of Masaaba in Republic of Uganda. See also: Paramount Chief.54

Isebantu Kyabazinga – See: Kyabazinga.

Jadipu

This is title of Prime Minister in Alur (Union of Alur Chiefdoms) in Republic of Uganda.55

Jago

Jago is title of leaders of several clans in Acholi. It is lesser title then Rwot. “Dominant clan leaders forged clan alliances to become the Jago over several neighbouring clans. A militarily proficient Jago would be recognised as Rwot by 56 neighbouring Jagi who acknowleged his leadership”.

Kabaka

Hereditary title of the traditional ruler of Kingdom of Buganda, constituent monarchy in Republic of Uganda. Since 24. July 1993, Kabaka of Buganda is Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II of the House of Abalasangeye.57

54 World statesmen, Other… 55 World statesmen, Other… 56 Jan Jelmert Jorgensen, Uganda, A Modern History, London 1981. (further: Jorgensen), 99. 57 Mwakikagile, Uganda, 92; Low, 33; World statesmen, Uganda; Buganda, Cultural Administration; Royal Ark, Buganda; Wikipedia, Kabaka of Buganda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda); Wikipedia, Buganda Kabaka is the title translated as a King, in the Kingdom of Buganda. According to traditions of people of this Kingdom, they are ruled by two Kings, one spiritual and the other material. The spiritual (supernatural) king is represented by the Royal Drums. These are regalia called Mujaguzo. Royal drums (Mujaguzo) “like any other king”, has own palace, officials, servants, and palace guards. The material, human prince has to perform special cultural rites on the Royal Drums, before he can be declared Kabaka (King) of the Kingdom of Buganda. Upon the birth of a royal prince or princess, the Royal Drums are sounded by drummers specially selected from a specified clan as a means of informing the subjects of the kingdom of the birth of new member of the royal family. The same Royal Drums are sounded upon the death of a reigning king to officially announce the death of the material king.58

In the Kingdom of Buganda is no classic concept of the Crown Prince. All royal princes are treated equaly in life time of Kabaka. During the period of a reigning king, a special council has the mandate to study the behavior and characteristics of the young princes. The reigning king, informed by the recommendation of the special council, selects one prince to be his successor. In a secret ceremony, the selected prince is given a special piece of bark cloth by the head of the special verification council. The name of the future king is kept secret by the special council until the death of the reigning king. When all the princes and princesses are called to view the body of the late king lying in state, the selected prince lays the special piece of bark cloth over the body of the late king, revealing himself as the successor to the throne. The first born prince, by tradition called Kiweewa, is not allowed to become king. This was carefully planned to protect him against any attempted assassinations in a bid to fight for the crown. Instead he is given

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buganda); Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 58 Stephen Kyeyune, Shaping The Society Christianity And Culture, Special Reference to the African Culture of Baganda, Volume II, Bloomington 2012. (further: Kyeyune, Shaping...), 125 - 126; Wikipedia, Kabaka of Buganda. special roles to play in the matters of the royal family and kingdom.59

Kabaka Oweebweru – See: Katikiro.

Buganda war canoe, 1875.

59 Wikipedia, Kabaka of Buganda. Kaggo

This is title of County Chief of Kyaddondo County, in Kingdom of Buganda. Kaggo was traditionally called 60 “Sabaddu”.

Kalyota

Title of the “official sister” of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Chosen half-sister of Omukama (by another mother), traditionally, bears this title.61

Kamuswaga

Kamuswaga is title of the hereditary traditional rulers of Kooki, in Kingdom of Buganda (Republic of Uganda), after 1896. Before that time, title Omukama was used. Since 15. May 2004, Kamuswaga of Kooki is Apollo Sansa Kabumbuli II. He is member of branch of Babiito Dynasty. This Dynasty is also ruling House of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, as well as Kingdom of Toro.62

The Kingdom of Kooki is a traditional chiefdom in the Rakai District of Uganda. It was first mentioned in writen sources in 1884. It was incorporated into the Kingdom of Buganda in 1896, but its royal line continues.63

60 Semakula Kiwanuka, History of Buganda, From the Foundation of the Kingdom to 1900, Africana Publishing Company, 1972, 112 - 113; Kyewalyanga, 9; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 61 Beattie, Bunyoro, 30. 62 Kyewalyanga, 10; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, Kooki (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooki); Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 63 World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, Kooki. Kangaawo – See: Kangawo.

Kangawo

Kangawo, or Kangaawo is the title of the county chief of Bulemezi (Kingdom of Buganda).64

Kasaja

This is title of the traditional ruler of Buyodi (one of the Busoga - Usoga confederates).65

Kasorobahiga

Part of older, full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Emanziya Karuzika means: „hunted“, which means „hunted by other rulers, who are jealous of His power and preeminence“. This title is not used anymore as part of full official title of Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara.66

Kasujju

County of Busujju (Kingdom of Buganda) is headed by the County Chief titled Kasujju.67

64 Kyewalyanga, 9; Buganda, Cultural Administration; Royal Ark, Buganda. 65 Low, 172. 66 Beattie, Nyoro, 104. 67 Neil Kodesh, Beyond the Royal Gaze, Clanship and Public Healing in Buganda, University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville - London 2010, 80; Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. Katambala

County of Butambala in Buganda Kingdom is headed by the Katambala (County Chief).68

Katikiiro – See: Katikiro.

Katikiro

Katikiro (or Katikiiro, Kattikiro, is title of Prime Minister of Bunyoro – Kitara Kingdom. Also, this title was used for Prime Ministers of Kingdom of Buganda and Kingdom of Toro until 1960s (after that time, title is Omuhikirwa). Prime Minister is also traditionally called “Kabaka Oweebweru” in Buganda Kingdom.69

Kattikiro – See: Katikiro.

Kayanga

This is title of the traditional ruler of Igombe (one of the Busoga - Usoga confederates).70

68 Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Henry Louis Gates Jr, Dictionary of African Biography, Volume 1, Abach - Brand, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2012. (further: Akyeampong, Gates), 308; Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 69 Kyewalyanga, 9; World statesmen, Uganda; Shane Doyle, Crisis and Decline in Bunyoro, London 2006, 54, 105, 175, 275; Royal Ark, Buganda; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 70 Low, 172.

Heraldic badge of The Royal Katikiro of The Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (by The Center for Research of Orthodox Monarchism).

Kayima

County Chief title of head of Mawokota County (Kingdom of Buganda).71

Kimbugwe

Buluuli (Buruli) County, located in the Kingdom of Buganda, is headed by the County Chief, who bears title Kimbugwe.72

King

Well known historical and contemporary supreme ruler title in English language. It is used as synonym for some traditional ruler titles in Uganda – Omukama, Kabaka and others. See: Omukama; Kabaka.73

Kisiki

This is hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Busiki in Republic of Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). In older period, title of the ruler of Busiki was Lamoge. Current Kisiki of Busiki, since 11. February 1995, is Yekosofato Kawanguzi of the House of Igaga. See also: Lamoge.74

71 Annual reports on the Eastern Province, Western Province, Northern Province and the Kingdom of Buganda, Uganda 1957, 162; Kyewalyanga, 9; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 72 Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 73 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 74 Douglas W. Robertson, The historical considerations contributing to the Soga system of land tenure, 1940. (further: Robertson), 20; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Kitunzi

County of Ggomba in Kingdom of Buganda is headed by the County Chief with title Kitunzi.75

Kiweewa

This is title of first born royal prince, eldest son of Kabaka in the Kingdom of Buganda. Traditionaly, Kiweewa “is not allowed to become king”, but “he is given special roles to play in the matters of the royal family and kingdom”. See also: Kabaka.76

Kiyimba

Kiyimba is title of the Chief, who is in charge for area of Bugangazzi (in Buganda Kingdom).77

Knight – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross – See: Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross.

75 Francis – Xavier Sserufusa Kyewalyanga, Traditional Religion, Custom, and Christianity in Uganda, As Illustrated by the Ganda with Some References to Other African Cultures and Islam, Freiburg University, 1976. (further: Kyewalyanga), 10; Akyeampong, Gates, 308; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 76 Royal Ark, Buganda; Wikipedia, Kabaka of Buganda. 77 Kyewalyanga, 10. Kweba

County of Ssese (Buganda kingdom) is headed by the County Chief with title Kweba.78

Kyabazinga

Kyabazinga of Busoga or Isebantu Kyabazinga is the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom (Confederation) of Busoga in Uganda. Isebantu means "father of the people". This name was a symbol of unity derived from the expression and recognition by the people of Busoga that their leader was the "father of all people who brings all of them together", and who also serves as their cultural leader. The former Kyabazinga of Busoga was Henry Wako Muloki, who was born in 1921. and died on 1. September 2008.79

Kyabazinga of Busoga was abolished in 1966 when Milton Obote disbanded all traditional institutions within the country, including the Kingdom of Busoga and the title of Kyabazinga. The Kyabazinga was restored with the restoration of traditional institutions in the end of 20th century, and the second coronation of Henry Wako Muloki on February 11, 1995.80

Kyabazinga of Busoga is elective title. Kyabazinga is chosen from just five of the eleven Busoga royal traditional chiefs. Only these five may elect the next Kyabazinga, who is from their own ranks. The Kyabazinga holds the title for a certain period of time before a new title holder in chosen by the

78 James Frederick Cunningham, Uganda and its peoples, notes on the protectorate of Uganda, especially the anthropology and ethnology of its indigenous races, 1905, XXV, 94; Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 79 Mwakikagile, Uganda, 92; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, Kyabazinga of Busoga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyabazinga_of_Busoga). 80 Wikipedia, Kyabazinga of Busoga. chiefs. There have recently been calls by Basoga elders to allow that all eleven royal hereditary chiefs be permitted to elect the next Kyabazinga, instead of just the traditional five chiefs. The demands for this change came during the selection process for a successor to the late Henry Wako Muloki. See also: Ruler.81

Kyambalango

Kyambalango is title of the Chief, who is in charge for area of Buyaga (in Buganda Kingdom).82

Lamoge

This was former title of ruler of Busiki. Later, rulers of Busiki were titled Kisiki. See also: Kisiki.83

Lion of Bunyoro

“The Lion of Bunyoro” (Entale Yabunyoro) is part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. See: Omukama.84

Luba

This is hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Bunya (Bunha) in Uganda. Bunya is one of the Busoga confederates.

81 Wikipedia, Kyabazinga of Busoga. 82 Kyewalyanga, 10. 83 World statesmen, Other… 84 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. Current ruler, Luba of Bunya, since 11. February 1995, is Juma Munulo II .85

Lubuga

Title of royal “mother substitute”, or “Queen sister” in Kingdom of Buganda. This title is second in rank to the Naalinya.86

Ugandan Kings during ceremony, held in Toro, in late 1950s.

85 Ecology and History in East Africa, 1979. (further: Ecology and History), 160; Robertson, 20; Low, 172; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 86 Stephens, 139; Royal Ark, Buganda. Lumaama

Kabula is County in Kingdom of Buganda. It is headed by the County Chief with title Lumaama.87

Luweekula

County of Buweekula (Buganda Kingdom) is headed by the County Chief with title Luweekula.88

Magulunnyondo

Magulunnyondo is one of the traditional honorifics of Kabaka (King) of Kingdom of Buganda. Rough meaning of this 89 honorific is “metal legged”.

Majesty – See: King; Omukama; Omugo.

Marchioness

Marchioness is female form of title Marquess. It’s alternative form is Marquise. Marchioness (or Marquise) is contemporary noble title of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. See also: Marquess.90

87 Ferdinand Walser, Luganda Proverbs, 1982, 384; Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 88 Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 89 Kyeyune, Shaping..., 128. 90 Merriam - Webster's French - English Dictionary, Merriam – Webster, Springfield 2000. (further: Merriam - Webster), 221; Baumgaertner; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. Marquess

Marquess is is title of nobility. Alternative form of this title is Marquis. Title Marquess is below Duke, and above Count. Its female equivalent is Marchioness. This is a title of European origin.91

In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, this title was introduced by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I.92

Etymologically, word Marquess comes from the Old French term “marchis”. It’s meaning is “ruler of a border area”. See also: Marchioness.93

Marquis – See: Marquess.

Marquise - See: Marchioness.

Master of Ceremonies – See: Omusana.

Mbuubi

Buvuma is County in Kingdom of Buganda. It is headed by the County Chief with title Mbuubi.94

91 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Baumgaertner; Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 17, Cambridge – New York 1910 – 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 17), 751; Merriam - Webster, 221; David Crouch, The Image of Aristocracy, In Britain 1000-1300, London – New York 2005. (further: Crouch), 74 - 75. 92 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. 93 Encyclopædia Britannica 17, 751; Crouch, 74 - 75. 94 Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration.

Member – See: Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield; Order of the Shield and Spears.

Menya

Hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Bugweri (Bugweri Bufutulu) in Uganda. Bugweri is one of the Busoga confederates. Since 11 February 1995 Menya of Bugweri is Frederick Kakaire II of the House of Menyha.95

Most Honourable – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Engabu.

Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega

The Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega is also known as The Most Honourable Order of Duty and Inflexibility of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega and Saint Thomas More. It is the third highest royal order of merit of the Kingdom of Bunyoro– Kitara. It is awarded by His Majesty Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara.96

The Order is established in 2010. It is awarded to persons who promote charity and humanity, help to relief from sickness, distress, suffering or danger. Also, individuals who support the Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom are awarded. Unofficial

95 Low, 172; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 96 Most Honorable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega (http://www.royal- order-omukama-kabalega.org/); Wikipedia, Order of Kabalega (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Honorable_Order_of_Omukama_Chwa_II_Ka balega) motto of this Order is: For the King, For the People, For Justice (in Nyoro language: Habwomukama, Habwabantu, Habowbwinganisa, and in Latin: Pro Rex, Pro Humanitas, Pro Iustitia).97

Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

97 Most Honorable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega; Wikipedia, Order of Kabalega. The Order consists of this grades (with post nominals): Companion (CK), Knight (KCK), Officer (OCK), Commander (CCK), Grand Officer (GOCK), Grand Cross (GCCK), Grand Cross – Special Class (GCCK) and Grand Collar (GCCKC). The class of Grand Collar is only available for reigning royalties, heads of state and the Grand Master.98

This Order may be inherited by the eldest children of the same sex as the original recipient. The order is named after Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, a former king (Omukama) of the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom and a national hero of Uganda. As mentioned, Order is also named after Saint Thomas More, who is a great symbol of duty and inflexibility against injustice. See also: Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega. See also: Grandson of Kabalega, Hero of Kabalega.99

Mpologoma

Mpologoma is one of the traditional honorifics of Kabaka (King) of Kingdom of Buganda. Meaning of this 100 honorific is “Lion”.

Mugabe – See: Omugabe.

Mugerere

This is title of County Chief of Bugerere County in Kingdom of Buganda.101

98 Most Honorable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, Grades (http://www.royal-order-omukama-kabalega.org/5.html) ; Wikipedia, Order of Kabalega. 99 Wikipedia, Order of Kabalega. 100 Kyeyune, Shaping..., 128. 101 Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. Mukama – See: Omukama.

Mukungu

By Royal decision of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I, Omukama (King) of Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, the title of Mukungu (Chieftainship of the Ancient Abbey-Principality of San Luigi in Fezzan) is renewed in 2012. The holder shall be designated by the title of Mukungu, worn after surname.102

The title of Mukungu is first granted by His Majesty Omukama Chwa II. Kabalega to Prince-Abbot Dom Jose Mendoza of the Abbey-Principality of San Luigi (Fezzan), in 1889.103

Mukwenda

Title of County Chief of Ssingo County in Kingdom of Buganda is Mukwenda.104

Mulangira

Title of a descendant of the Royal clan (noble) in Kingdom of Buganda.105

Muteesa

Mawogola County in Kingdom of Buganda is headed by the County Chief with title Muteesa.106

102 Bunyoro-Kitara, Mukungu. 103 Bunyoro-Kitara, Mukungu. 104 Kyewalyanga, 9; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 105 Royal Ark, Buganda. 106 Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. Mutuba Muto

Mutuba Muto was title of the County Chief of Ibanda, after 1902. In this year Ibanda becomes part of Kingdom of Ankole.107

Muzaaya

This was title of the ruler of Buzaaya. Title existed until 1906, when Buzaaya was “amalgamated by British 108 authorities”.

Mwebingwa – See: Orphan Protector.

Mwebingwe – See: Orphan Protector.

Mwegombwa

Part of older, full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Mwegombwa means: „He who is loved and longed for“. This title is not used anymore as part of full official title of Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara.109

Mwijukuru Wakabalega – See: Grandson of Kabalega.

107 The Uganda Journal, Vol. 24, 1960, 174; World statesmen, Other… 108 David William Cohen, The historical tradition of Busoga, Mukama and Kintu, Clarendon Press, 1972, 195; World statesmen, Other… 109 Beattie, Nyoro, 104. Naalinya

Title of eldest sister of the Kabaka, the Princess Royal, in Kingdom of Buganda is Naalinya (Nnalinnya).110

Namasole

This is the title of the mother of Omukama (King), as well as mother of Kabaka. Title Namasole is used in the Kingdom of Toro, as well as in the Kingdom of Buganda (Republic of Uganda).111

Nanyumba

This is hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Bunyole (Bunyuli) in Uganda. Bunyole is one of the Busoga confederates. Current Nanyumba of Bunyole, since 11 February 1995, is John Ntale Nahnumba.112

Ngobi

Hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Kigulu in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). Since 11. February 1995, Ngobi of Kigulu is Izimba Golologolo of the House of Ngobi.113

110 Buganda, Cultural Administration; Royal Ark, Buganda. 111 Royal Ark, Toro; Royal Ark, Buganda; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 112 Robertson, 20; Low, 172; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 113 Low, 172; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Nkono

Title of hereditary the traditional rulers of Bukono in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). Nkono of Bukono, since 11. February 1995, is Mutyaba Nkono II of the House of Nkono.114

Nkyanungi – See: Ruler.

Nnabagereka

Nnabagereka is the traditional title of the Queen Consort of the Kingdom of Buganda, subnational Monarchy in Uganda.115

Nnalinnya – See: Naalinya.

Noble, Nobility – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Mulangira.

Ntembe

This is hereditary title of the traditional ruler of Butembe in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). Current Ntembe of Butembe, since 11. February 1995, is Badru Waguma.116

Nyakanungi – See: Ruler.

114 World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 115 Stephen Kyeyune, The Legacy of a Hero, Life Lived from the Christian Prospective, Tribute to the late Dr. Lwanga, Bloomington 2014, 289. 116 Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Nyathi Rwot

This is title of local leader in Alur (Union of Alur Chiefdoms). It literally means “child of Rwoth (King)”, or “Kinglet”. Nyathi Rwot is subjugated to Rwoth Obima. See also: Rwoth Obima.117

Officer – See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega; Order of the Shield and Spears.

Okuma

This is title of the ruler of Buzimba, which existed during 19th century. Buzimba splited from Kigulu in 1806, and merged back in 1899. During this period, there were 14 Okuma of Buzimba.118

Okwiri

Title of the “official brother” of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Eldest son of late Omukama, traditionally, bears this title. Okwiri was formally appointed by the new Omukama, after accession.119

Omubiito

This is the title of prince in Kingdom of Toro, in Republic of Uganda. Title of Omubiito was also used for rulers of Busongora Kingdom, until 1922, when it was devided between

117 Henri J.M. Claessen, Pieter van de Velde, Early state economics, Political and Legal Anthropology Series, Vol. 8, 2009. (further: Claessen, Velde), 82. 118 World statesmen, Other… 119 Beattie, Bunyoro, 30. Kingdom of Toro and Kingdom of Ankole. Form “Omubiito” is 120 singular, and “Ababiito” is plural.

Omubiitokati

Title of Princess. It is known in Kingdom of Toro (Republic of Uganda).121

Omugabe

This is hereditary title of the traditional ruler of Kingdom of Ankole (Nkore in pre-colonial times) in Republic of Uganda. Since 20. November 1993, Omugabe of Ankole is Ntare VI of the House of Bahinda. Other bearers of this title were also members of House of Bahinda. Mugabe is variation of title Omugabe.122

Kingdom of Ankole was a sovereign entity, but when it came under British supremacy in 1901, by the signing of the Ankole Agreement, Omugabe became largely a ceremonial or administrative position. Before that year, term for ruler of Ankole was Omukama, same as in Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara and Toro Kingdom. The term "Omugabe" is translated in various ways, but is most commonly equated to "king". Its literally 123 meaning is “giver”.

This title, as well as Kingdom of Ankole, were abolished in 1967. by Milton Obote. In was not officialy restored together

120 Economic and social history of East Africa, Proceedings of the 1972. Conference of the Historical Association of Kenya, 1979. (further: Economic…), 62; World statesmen, Other…; Royal Ark, Toro. 121 Akyeampong, Gates, 512; Royal Ark, Toro. 122 Mwakikagile, Uganda, 19, 69, 92, 94, 101, 107; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 123 Beattie, Nyoro, 141; World statesmen, Uganda; Wikipedia, Omugabe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omugabe). with other kingdoms in Uganda in The Nkore Cultural Trust, of which King Ntare VI is the patron, is actively lobbying to restore the kingdom of Ankole.124

Omugo

Title of Bunyoro-Kitara Royalty, Omugo, is translated in English as Queen. It is the title of the wife of ruling Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, as well as Omukama of Toro Kingdom. Today, Omugo of Bunyoro-Kitara is Her Majesty Margaret Adyeri Karunga, wife of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I, Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom.125

Omugomborozi – See: Abagomborozi.

Omuhikirwa

This is title of the Prime Ministers of Kingdom of Toro in Uganda. This title is used from 1960s. Before that time, Prime Minister of Toro was called Katikiro.126

Omujwaara Kondo – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

124 Wikipedia, Omugabe. 125 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; The East Africa Law Reports, Volume 2, Butterworths, 1995, 320, 339; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omugo http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/70.html; Royal Ark, Toro. 126 Kampala Law Reports, Decisions of the High Court and Supreme Court of Uganda, 1999, 815; World statesmen, Uganda. Omukama

Hereditary Royal title of the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Republic of Uganda). In Nyoro and some other languages it has meaning “King”. Its translation in English is same. Etymology of this term is not completely clear, because, it literally means “supreme milkman/milkbringer”. Plural of title Omukama is Abakama. Since 24. July 1993, Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom is His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I. His Majesty is head of the Royal House of Babiito (49th Omukama of the Kingdom Bunyoro Kitara and 27th Omukama in the Babiito Dynasty). His Majesty Omukama Solomon Iguru I is officially recognized and protected by the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda. By the Supreme Court of Uganda, His Majesty Omukama Solomon Iguru I is specifically recognized as the rightful King of Bunyoro- Kitara. Similar to most of other reigning monarchs, the traditional kings in Republic of Uganda currently serve as "cultural figures" or "traditional leaders" and are barred from engaging in politics.127

Ancestors of His Majesty Omukama Solomon Iguru I never renounced their rights, never abdicated the kingdom and never ceded sovereignty. They suffered exile, rather than capitulate and concede anything, they maintained their original royal status and sovereign rights. This is very significant as His Majesty is not simply a constitutional king. He is also the heir to a dynasty that has kept all its ancient rights intact.128

127 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama; Beattie, Bunyoro, 25 - 35; Low, 276; Mwakikagile, Uganda, 92; Jorgensen, 44, 258; Economic…, 62; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Wikipedia, Omukama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omukama); Wikipedia, Omukama of Bunyoro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omukama_of_Bunyoro); Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs; Wikipedia, Toro Kingdom (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro_Kingdom); World statesmen, Uganda. 128 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. In Constitution of the Republic of Uganda is specified role of traditional or cultural leader. Where a traditional leader or cultural leader exists in a region the traditional or cultural leader shall be the titular head of the regional government. He also shall be the titular head of the regional assembly and shall open, address and close the sessions of the regional assembly, as well as enjoy other benefits and privileges.129

HM Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I of Bunyoro-Kitara.

129 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama; Wikipedia, Omukama of Bunyoro. Royal Palace of Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, called Karuziika Palace, is located in Hoima. As a cultural head, the King is assisted by his Principal Private Secretary, a Cabinet of 21 Ministers and a Orukurato (Parliament).130

Full royal title of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I is: by The Grace of God, Omukama of The Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, Ruler of Hoima, Masindi, Kibaale, Buliisa, Kiryandongo, Kagadi and Kakumiro, The Grandson of Kabalega, The Healer, The Orphan Protector, The Hater of Rebellion, The Lion of Bunyoro, The Hero of Bunyoro, th The Hero of Kabalega, etc. etc. etc. – 49 Omukama of The Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, 27th Omukama in The Babiito Dynasty - The Sovereign Head and Grand Master of The Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo and The Royal Order of Engabu, The Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, The Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns, Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross etc. etc. etc.131

His Majesty Omukama Solomon Iguru I was born on 18. June 1948. King's Empaako, traditional alternative name used by family, is Amooti. His Majesty inherited throne from his father, His Majesty Sir Tito Winyi IV, Omukama of Bunyoro- Kitara. In recent years, His Majesty Solomon Iguru I has significantly promoted and developed the Kingdom of Bunyoro- Kitara, such as establishing the institution of the Association of the Representatives of Bunyoro-Kitara (ARKBK).132

Every year an “Empago’ ceremony is held celebrating Omukama (King) and Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara. The celebration is held at the Royal Palace and all the Banyoro

130 Wikipedia, Omukama of Bunyoro. 131 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 132 Wikipedia, Solomon Iguru I (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Iguru_I). people (people of Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara) are invited to join. During this ceremony the King also beats the Royal Drums as a sign of his power and as a mean of signaling the people. The celebration contains singing, dancing, music and other activities.133

Title of Omukama is also in use in Toro, traditional Kingdom in Republic of Uganda. Other variant of this title, known in Kingdom of Toro, is Mukama. Current Omukama of Toro, since 26. August 1995, is Rukidi IV. He belongs to the Babiito Dynasty, branch of Babiito Dynasty of Bunyoro – Kitara Kingdom. He is 13th Omukama of Toro.134

In Ugandan traditional Kingdom of Ankole, title of the King was also Omukama, until 1901. After that year, King of Ankole was bearer of the title Omugabe. See also: King, Omugabe.135

Omukama was also title of the hereditary traditional rulers of Kooki in Kingdom of Buganda (Republic of Uganda), until 1896. After that year, title Kamuswaga was used for Kooki rulers. See also: King.136

Omukungu – See: Royal Order of Engabu; Order of the Shield and Spears.

133 Wikipedia, Omukama of Bunyoro. 134 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama; Mwakikagile, Uganda, 92; Low, 158; Wikipedia, Omukama; Wikipedia, Omukama of Toro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omukama_of_Toro); Wikipedia, Toro Kingdom; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs; Royal Ark, Toro; World statesmen, Uganda. 135 World statesmen, Uganda. 136 World statesmen, Other… Omulangira

Title of the younger sons, grandsons, and male descendants of the Kabaka of Buganda Kingdom in the male line (Prince).137

Omulerembera

Title of Prime Minister in Rwenzuru (Rwezunruru). It was part of Kingdom of Toro, until beginning of 20th century, and after that constituent Monarchy in Uganda.138

Omumbejja

Title of the daughters, granddaughters and female descendants of the Kabaka of Buganda Kingdom in the male line (Princess).139

Omumbere

This is title of the traditional ruler of Bakonjo in Republic of Uganda.140

137 William Arthur Crabtree, Elements of Luganda Grammar, Society for promoting Christian knowledge, London 1902, 72; A. B. K. Kasozi, The Bitter Bread of Exile, The Financial Problems of Sir Edward Mutesa II during his final exile, 1966 - 1969, Kampala 2013. (further: Kasozi), 321; Royal Ark, Buganda. 138 Amos Mubunga Kambere, Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region, Lest We Forget, A Biographical narrative of Uganda’s youngest Member of Parliament 1980-85, Victoria BC Canada 2010. (further: Kambere), 44; World statesmen, Uganda. 139 Kasozi, 321; Royal Ark, Buganda. 140 Mwakikagile, Uganda, 92. Omusana

Title of the Master of Ceremonies in the Kingdom of Toro (Republic of Uganda).141

Omusinga

Title of the hereditary traditional ruler of Rwenzuru in Republic of Uganda. Since 19 October 2009, Omusinga of Rwenzuru is Irema-Ngoma I of the House of Abahira. Rwenzuru (Rwezunruru) was part of Kingdom of Toro, until beginning of 20th century, and after that period, constituent Monarchy in Uganda. In some periods, this Kingdom was not recognized by Republic of Uganda.142

Omutongole – See: Abatongole; Order of the Shield and Spears.

Omwami

Omwami (plural Abaami) is title of Chief in Ugandan Kingdom of Buganda. In Burundi and Rwanda this is the title of the King.143

Order – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo, Royal Order of Engabu, Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, Royal Order of the Crown; Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns.

141 Royal Ark, Toro. 142 Kambere, 43; World statesmen, Uganda; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 143 Kirwan, Gore, 20; Royal Ark, Buganda. Order of Distinction – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Order of Engabu – See: Royal Order of Engabu.

Order of Omujwaara Kondo – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega - See: Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.

Order of the Coronet wearer – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

Order of the Crown – See: Royal Order of the Crown.

Order of the Crown of Thorns – See: Omukama; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns; Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns.

Order of The Lion and Black Cross – See: Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross.

Order of the Lion, Crown and Shield

Order of Kingdom of Toro. It was founded by Omukama George Rukidi III in 1963. It is awarded in three classes: Grand Cross, Commander and Member.144

Order of the Shield – See: Royal Order of Engabu.

Order of the Shield and Spears

It was founded by Kabaka (King) Daudi Chwa II of Buganda Kingdom, on 8. August 1927. This order was created to reward loyal services to the Kingdom of Buganda and bestowed on Bugandan subjects and foreign nationals alike. Awarded in three classes: Commander (CSS), Omutongole or Officer (OSS), and Omukungu or Member (MSS). The medal of the order was instituted on 26. May 1937.145

Orphan Protector

“The Orphan Protector” (Mwebingwa, Mwebingwe) is part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. Mwebingwa also means: „He to whom people run for help and protection“, or „He to 146 whom people run when in need“. See also: Omukama.

144 Royal Ark, Toro. 145 Royal Ark, Buganda. 146 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Beattie, Nyoro, 108, 141; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. Paramount Chief

Frequent title in English language of traditional rulers in various countries. This title can be both hereditary and elective. Paramount Chief is the title of ruler of Kebu Yuu in Republic of Uganda. See also: Inzu, Rwot.147

Parish Chiefs – See: Abemiruka.

Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns

This is part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty.148

By Royal decision of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I, Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara, in 2012. are rewritten “the whole legal chapters and maintain of the Orders Order of the Crown of Thorns and Order of the Lion and the Black Cross under the Ecclesiastical jurisdiction and Patronage of The Apostolic Episcopal Church and the Royal Patronage of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I; with His Majesty Omukama Chwa II. Kabalega name incorporate and the name of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I”. See also: Omukama; Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross.149

147 Richard Okumu Wengi, Founding the Constitution of Uganda, Essays and Materials, Kampala – Nairobi – Dar-es-Salaam 2011, 32; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 148 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 149 Bunyoro-Kitara, Mukungu. Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross

Part of the full official title of Omukama of Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I. See also: Omukama; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns.150

Perpetual Hereditary Nobility – See: Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Engabu.

Pokino

County of Buddu (Buganda Kingdom) is headed by the County Chief with title Pokino (Ppookino).151

Ppookino – See: Pokino.

Prime Minister – See: Katikiro; Omuhikirwa; Omulerembera; Engazi; Jadipu.

Prince – See: Crown Prince, Omulangira.

Princess – See: Royal Princess; Omumbejja.

150 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 151 Kyewalyanga, 10; Buganda, Cultural Administration. Protector – See: Omukama; Orphan Protector; Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Chivalrous and Religious Order of the Crown of Thorns; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross

Royal Order of Engabu

It is a single-grade royal order, within the Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara. In English, the name of the Order means: Order of the Shield. It is awarded solely by the Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara. The order was established in 2010, replacing the old Royal Order of the Crown. The name change was done to make sure, that the Order of the Crown and the Order of Omujwaara Kondo (Order of the Coronet Wearer) were not confused.152

This is old order of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. It is considered, that its roots are dating back roughly to the 17th century. Today, Motto of Royal Order of Engabu is: “Cum Alus 153 Pro Alus” in Latin (in English: With Others, For Others).

Royal Order of Engabu is junior to the Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo, and senior to Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega. Order of Engabu is normally granted twice a year, once during the Empango ceremony (which most often is on June 11 each year) and the other on the birthday of the

152 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Engabu (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/32.html); Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/resources/2.+Engabu$2C+FLYER.pdf); Wikipedia, Order of Engabu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Engabu) 153 Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer. Omukama (His Majesty Solomon Iguru I's birthday is June 18).154

Today, Order is awarded for “All that makes for the spiritual and moral strengthening of mankind and Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom in particular, and those who promote work for humanity and charity, for the relief of persons in sickness, distress, suffering or danger”. Its eligibility is for any individual, above the age of 25.155

Royal Order of Engabu.

154 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Engabu; Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu. 155 Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu. Recipients of The Order of Engabu receive a breast star, that is 90 millimeters in diameter. This star is worn at Empango ceremonies or other appropriate formal occasions, and members of the order sit in a special place of honor during the Empango events.156

This Order is inherited by the original grantee's eldest child of the same sex at the moment of the original grantee's death or renunciation of the honor. For male grantees, the honor passes by patrilineal primogeniture. For female grantees, the honor passes by matrilineal primogeniture.157

There are several aspects of the award that recipients of the Order receive. First, all recipients are entitled to the style "The Most Honourable". However, persons entitled to an existing style that supersedes " The Most Honourable" will retain it within the Order's records. Second, a recipient is entitled to use the title of Omukungu (plural: Abakungu), or “Abakungu okusemera omu Engabu” (roughly: Chiefs worthy to be in Crown). This title is junior to mujwaara Kondo. Official authorization is granted for a male recipient to translate Omujwaara Kondo into "Knight" in English and a female recipient may translate this into "Dame". Third, the post-nominal of "OEBKK" may be used after an honoree's name, which stands for (O)rder of the (E)ngabu of (B)unyoro-(K)itara (K)ingdom. The original recipient of the Order may use "1st" before the post-nominals (OEBKK) in order to show he is the first to receive the Order, his son who inherits the order may then use "2nd OEBKK", his son may use "3rd OEBKK" and so on.158

156 Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu. 157 Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu. 158 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Engabu; Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group (public) (https://www.facebook.com/groups/1668964023355463/) . Persons who receive this Order are also entitled to the right to display certain heraldic privileges. By authorization of His Majesty the Omukama, all Members of the Order, who desire to have heraldry are entitled to display supporters and top their helm with a basic coronet if they desire to signify their status as Members. See also: Sovereign Head of The Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo and The Royal Order of Engabu.159

Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo

It is the oldest and highest royal order of the Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom and is awarded solely by the Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara. It is a single-grade honor, separated into two classes. Class I is limited to other royal families of the world and heads of state, while Class II is open to all persons.160

It is considered, that the first recipient of this Order was Kasaru, the interpreter of Omukama Rukidi of Bunyoro, who ruled in the late 15th century. Therefore, the Order is believed to be more than 500 years old. It was normal that recipients of the Order were awarded ownership of land and it was believed, that they obtained a special “divine power” called “mahano” with the admission into the order.161

Recipients of the Order were awarded an Ekondo (English: coronets) and other regalia, and had special seats during ceremonies of the Kingdom. Earlier, recipients were not allowed to eat “common food” like potatoes and beans. Instead,

159 Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu. 160 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 30; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/31.html); Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo - Flyer (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/resources/1.+Omujwaara+Kondo$2C+FLYER.pdf); Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Omujwaara_Kondo). 161 Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo. they were expected to follow a special diet, containing primarily: 162 meat, poultry and other “finer” (rare) foods.

Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo.

When awarded the Order, recipients obtains the title of "Omujwaara Kondo" (English: Coronet wearer) and became an Abajwaara Kondo (Name for a group of Omujawaara Kondo's). It was also normal to award recipients with elaborate

162 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo. headdresses made from beard and skin of the columbus monkey.163

The Order has, compared to European standards, more characteristics of a title of nobility (The award being a title and a coronet) then of an Order of Chivalry. When the British conquered the Kingdom however, the Bunyoro Agreements of 1933. and 1955. between the Kingdom and the British Government recognized the Omukama's power to award this ancient honor, which was then classified as an "Order of Distinction".164

Uganda gained its independence from Britain in 1962. Omukama Sir Winyi IV continued to award this honor until 1967, when the Kingdoms in Uganda were abolished by dictator Milton Obote. The Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara was restored on June 11, 1993. with the enthronement of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I, son of His Majesty Omukama Sir Winyi IV of Bunyoro. After the enthronement, similar to the other traditional honors of Bunyoro-Kitara, the Omujwaara Kondo is once again being awarded.165

Originally, when being awarded the Order, recipients would swear an oath of loyalty to the King, and drink a bowl of milk with the King, but now the drinking of milk is optional. How the tradition of drinking milk started is not known, but it is believed to have ties with the former large herds of Ankole cattle, which were an important part of Bunyoro economy, history and culture.166

163 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 30; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo. 164 Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo - Flyer. 165 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo. 166 Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo. The Order was revised on March 22, 2010 by His Majesty Omukama Solomon Iguru I, in an attempt to modernize it. Since then the honor has been updated to be a breast star that is 90 millimeters in diameter. This star is worn at Empango ceremonies or other appropriate formal occasions, and member of the order sits in a special place of honor during the Empango events. Traditionally the Order was only given to men, but since its restoration in 2010, women are also allowed admittance into the order. The traditional ban on eating beans, potatoes and other vegetables has also been removed. Also recipients must be minimum 25 years of age. The honor is normally granted two times a year, once during the Empango ceremony (which most often is on June 11 each year) and the other on His Majesty Solomon Iguru I's birthday on June 18. The Order is a very high honor.167

There are several unique aspects of the award that recipients of the Order receive in contrast to other world orders. First, all recipients are entitled to the style "The Most Honourable". However, persons entitled to an existing style that supersedes "The Most Honourable" will retain it within the Order's records. Second, a recipient is entitled to use the title of Omujwaara Kondo. Official authorization is granted for a male recipient to translate Omujwaara Kondo into "Crown Knight" in English and a female recipient may translate this into "Crown Dame". Third, the post-nominal of "OOKB" may be used after an honoree's name, which stands for (O)rder of the (O)mujwaara (K)ondo of (B)unyoro-Kitara Kingdom.168

Persons who receive the honor are also entitled to the right to display certain heraldic privileges. By authorization of His Majesty the Omukama, all Members of the Order who

167 Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo. 168 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group (public) (https://www.facebook.com/groups/1668964023355463/). desire to have heraldry are entitled to display supporters and top their helm with a basic coronet if they desire to signify their status as Members.169

In accordance with both the historical traditions of The Order of the Omujwaara Kondo and its modern statutes, the honor is inherited by the original grantee's eldest child of the same sex at the moment of the original grantee's death or renunciation of the honor. For male grantees, the honor passes by patrilineal primogeniture (from male to male) and for female grantees, the honor passes by matrilineal primogeniture (from female to female). See also: Sovereign Head of The Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo and The Royal Order of Engabu.170

Royal Order of the Crown

It was former Order of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (Uganda). This Order was replaced by Royal Order of Engabu (Order of the Shield) in 2010. This change was implemented, to avoid confusion between the names of the Order of the Crown and the Order of Omujwaara Kondo (Order of the Coronet Wearer). See also: Royal Order of Engabu.171

Royal Princess

Royal Princess is title of female member of Royal Family. In Bunyoro-Kitara Royal Family (Babiito Dynasty) Her Royal Highness Princess Masamba Nkwanzi OOKB, OEBKK,

169 Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo. 170 Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo – Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group (public) (https://www.facebook.com/groups/1668964023355463/). 171 Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer; Wikipedia, Order of Engabu. GCCK, daughter of His Majesty Omukama (King) Solomon Iguru I, is bearer of this title.172

Rukirabasaija

This title means “The greatest of men”. It is one of the principal titles of the Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. It is also used in Kingdom of Toro. See also: Omukama.173

Ruler

“Ruler of Hoima, Masindi, Kibaale, Buliisa and Kiryandongo” (Nkyanungi, Nyakanungi) is part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. In Nyoro language Nkyanungi or Nyakanungi 174 means also: „Good Ruler“. See also: Omukama, Kyabazinga.

Rwodhi

This is title of all male descendents of Rwoth Obima (King) in Alur (Union of Alur Chiefdoms). “Rwodhi” is plural. See also: Rwoth Obima.175

Rwot

Hereditary title of the traditional ruler (Paramount Chief) of Acholi in Uganda. Since 15. January 2005, Rwot of Acholi is

172 Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 8; Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Princess (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/110.html). 173 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama; Royal Ark, Toro. 174 Beattie, Nyoro, 108; Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information, 6; Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 175 Claessen, Velde, 82. Acana II of the House of Payira. See also: Won Lobo; Rwoth; Rwoth Obima.176

Rwoth

This is hereditary title of the traditional ruler of Jonam (Jonam Koch) in Republic of Uganda. Rwoth of Jonam is, since 1. March 2008, Marcellino Olar Ker. See also: Rwot; Rwoth Obima.177

Rwoth Obima

Hereditary title of the traditional ruler of Alur (Union of Alur Chiefdoms) in Republic of Uganda is Rwoth Obima, Rwoth Obimo, or Rwoth. Nyathi Rwot is lower title (leader subjugated to Rwoth Obima). Since August 2000, Rwoth Obima of Alur is Rauni III . See also: Nyathi Rwot; Rwodhi; Rwot; Rwoth.178

Rwoth Obimo – See: Rwoth Obima.

Sabaddu – See: Kaggo.

176 Jorgensen, 98; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 177 Okete J. E. Shiroya, Essays on the pre-colonial history of north-western Uganda, Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, 1992, 39, 41 - 42; Aidan Southall, Alur Society, A Study in Processes and Types of Domination, International African Institute, Münster 2004, 342; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 178 Claessen, Velde, 82; Mwakikagile, Uganda, 92; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Sabaganzi

Title of “the official maternal uncle of the Kabaka” in Kingdom of Buganda.179

Sekibobo

The title of the county chief of Kyagwe (Kyaggwe) in Kingdom of Buganda is Sekibobo (Ssekiboobo).180

Sovereign Head, Grand Master and Protector of The Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega

This is part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. See also: Omukama, Most Honourable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega.181

Sovereign Head of The Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo and The Royal Order of Engabu

Part of the full royal title of Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I of Babiito Dynasty. See also: Omukama, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo, Royal Order of Engabu.182

179 Henry Morton Stanley, Through the Dark Continent, or, The Sources of the Nile Around the Great Lakes of Equatorial Africa and down the Livingstone River to the Atlantic Ocean, Volume 1, New York 1988, 148, 242; Royal Ark, Buganda. 180 Kyewalyanga, 9; Buganda, Cultural Administration; Royal Ark, Buganda. 181 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama. 182 Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama.

Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross

By Royal decision of His Majesty Solomon Iguru I, Omukama (King) of Bunyoro-Kitara, in 2012. are rewritten “the whole legal chapters and maintain of the Orders Order of the Crown of Thorns and Order of the Lion and the Black Cross under the Ecclesiastical jurisdiction and Patronage of The Apostolic Episcopal Church and the Royal Patronage of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I; with His Majesty Omukama Chwa II. Kabalega name incorporate and the name of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I”. See also: Omukama; Patron, Protector and Granter of The Sovereign, Knightly and Noble Order of The Lion and Black Cross.183

Ssaabalangira

Ssaabalangira is title of “Chief of the Royal Princes”, used in Kingdom of Buganda.184

Ssaabasajja

Ssaabasajja (Ssabasajja) is honorific style of Kabaka, ruler of Kingdom of Buganda. It’s meaning is roughly “men of 185 men”. See also: Kabaka.

183 Bunyoro-Kitara, Mukungu. 184 Henri Médard, Royaume du Buganda au dix-neuvième siècle, Paris – Nairobi 2007, 227; Jürgen Jensen, Verwandtschaftlich – lokale Bindung und regionale Mobilität bei den Bavuma (Uganda), Band I, Theoretische Grundlegung und 1. Hauptteil, Forschungen zur Ethnologie und Sozialpsychologie, Herausgegeben von Hilde Thurnwald, Band 11, Berlin 1980, 133; Royal Ark, Buganda. 185 Kyeyune, Shaping..., 128; Royal Ark, Buganda. Ssaabataka

Ssaabataka (or Ssabataka) is one of the traditional honorifics of Kabaka (King) of Buganda Kingdom. It’s meaning 186 is “custodian of all land”.

Ssabasajja – See: Ssaabasajja.

Ssabataka - See: Ssaabataka.

Ssebwaana – See: Ssebwama.

Ssebwama

County of Busiro, located in Kingdom of Buganda, is headed by the County Chief, titled Ssebwama (or Ssebwaana).187

Ssegwanga

Ssegwanga is one of the traditional honorifics of Kabaka (King) of Kingdom of Buganda. Rough meaning of this 188 honorific is “Rooster”.

Ssekiboobo – See: Sekibobo.

Sub-County Chiefs – See: Abagomborozi.

186 Kyeyune, Shaping..., 125 – 126. 187 Kyewalyanga, 9; Buganda, Cultural Administration. 188 Kyeyune, Shaping..., 128. Sub-Parish Chiefs – See: Abatongole.

Tabingwa

This is hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Luuka in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). Current Tabingwa of Luuka, since, 11 February 1995, is Willington Nabwana of the House of Tabingwa.189

Traditional or cultural leader – See: Omukama.

Village Chiefs – See: Bakuru B’emigongo; Abatongole.

Viscount

This is contemporary male title of nobility of Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom. Title Viscount is below Count, and above Baron. Its female equivalent is Viscountess. This is a title of European origin.190

In Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom this title was introduced by Royal Decision of His Majesty Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I, in early 21st century.191

The word Viscount comes from Old French term “visconte” (from Latin roots “vice” – meaning “deputy”, and

189 Low, 172; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 190 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group; Baumgaertner; Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 28, Cambridge – New York 1910 – 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 28), 130; Crouch, 75 - 76. 191 Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. “comes” – meaning “(Imperial) Companion”, later Count). So, 192 this title means roughly “Deputy Count”.

In modern French, equivalent of this title is Vicomte. Similar status has German title Burggraf. See also: Viscountess; Count.193

Viscountess

Viscountess is contemporary title of nobility of Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom. It is female form of title Viscount. See also: Viscount.194

Wakhooli – See: Wakooli.

Wakooli

Hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Bukooli in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates) is Wakooli or Wakhooli. Since 11. February 1995, Wakooli of Bukooli is David Muluuya Kawunye of the House of Wakoli.195

192 Crouch, 34, 75 – 76; Encyclopædia Britannica 28, 130; Walter William Skeat, Principles of English Etymology, The foreign element, 1891, 47, 98. 193 Encyclopædia Britannica 28, 130; Crouch, 34; Nathan Bailey, J. A.. Fahrenkrüger, Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache in zwei Theilen, Volume 2, Jena 1822, 149. 194 Crouch, 75 – 76; Baumgaertner; Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro- Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group. 195 Ecology and History, 160; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. Won Lobo

Formerly, “Won Lobo” was part of title of Rwot of Acholi. It literally means “Guardian of the land”. See also: Rwot.196

Map of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom within Uganda.

196 Jorgensen, 98. Won Nyaci

This is title of the elective traditional ruler of Lango in Republic of Uganda. This title is created in 1957. Won Nyaci is “ceremonial constitutional head of the district to be elected by the district council”. Since 10. December 2005, Won Nyaci (traditional ruler) of Lango is Yosam Odur-Ebii.197

Zibondo

This is hereditary title of the traditional rulers of Bulamogi in Uganda (one of the Busoga confederates). Current Zibondo of Bulamogi, since 3. September 2008, is Edward Columbus Wambuzi of the House of Zibondo.198

197 Jorgensen, 19; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs. 198 The Uganda Journal, Vol. 31, 1967, 89, 91; World statesmen, Other…; Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs.

SUMMARY

As we can see from this list of the titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry, these titles are various by its origins.

While most of them are old, traditional titles from this part of Africa, some are etymologically of foreign, mostly European origin.

Among titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry, those of African origin are predominately old, and of European origin are new, dating from period 19 – 21. century. Some of them are roughly translations of the old African titles.

It seems, that Bunyoro – Kitara Kingdom has one of the most developed and most complex system of titles, among Ugandan entities.

SOURCES AND LITERATURE

Printed sources and literature

1. A handbook of the Uganda protectorate, 1920. 2. A Magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, Volume 1, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1967. 3. Akyeampong Emmanuel Kwaku, Gates Henry Louis Jr, Dictionary of African Biography, Volume 1, Abach - Brand, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2012. (further: Akyeampong, Gates) 4. Annual reports on the Eastern Province, Western Province, Northern Province and the Kingdom of Buganda, Uganda 1957. 5. Arutu John Ochepa Elanyu, A court user guide for local committee courts in Uganda, 1998. (further: Arutu) 6. Bailey Nathan, Fahrenkrüger J. A, Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache in zwei Theilen, Volume 2, Jena 1822. 7. Baumgaertner Wm. E, Squires, Knights, Barons, Kings, War and Politics in Fifteenth Century England, 2009. (further: Baumgaertner) 8. Beattie John, Bunyoro, An African Kingdom, Case studies in Cultural Anthropology (further: Beattie, Bunyoro) 9. Beattie John, The Nyoro state, 1971. (further: Beattie, Nyoro) 10. Byaruhanga-Akiki A. B. T, Religion in Bunyoro, 1982. 11. Claessen Henri J.M, van de Velde Pieter, Early state economics, Political and Legal Anthropology Series, Vol. 8, 2009. (further: Claessen, Velde) 12. Cohen David William, The historical tradition of Busoga, Mukama and Kintu, Clarendon Press, 1972. 13. Crabtree William Arthur, Elements of Luganda Grammar, Society for promoting Christian knowledge, London 1902. 14. Crouch David, The Image of Aristocracy, In Britain 1000-1300, London – New York 2005. (further: Crouch) 15. Cunningham James Frederick, Uganda and its peoples, notes on the protectorate of Uganda, especially the anthropology and ethnology of its indigenous races, 1905. 16. Doyle Shane, Crisis and Decline in Bunyoro, London 2006. 17. Ecology and History in East Africa, 1979. (further: Ecology and History) 18. Economic and social history of East Africa, Proceedings of the 1972. Conference of the Historical Association of Kenya, 1979. (further: Economic…) 19. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 3, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 3) 20. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 7, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 7) 21. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 8, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 8) 22. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 9, Cambridge – New York 1910 - 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 9) 23. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 10, Cambridge – New York 1910 – 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 10) 24. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 17, Cambridge – New York 1910 – 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 17) 25. Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, eleventh edition, Volume 28, Cambridge – New York 1910 – 1911. (further: Encyclopædia Britannica 28) 26. Forde Cyril Daryll, Ethnographic survey of Africa, East Central Africa, Parts 9 – 13, 1953. 27. Haydon Edwin Scott, Law and justice in Buganda, Butterworth 1960. 28. Jensen Jürgen, Verwandtschaftlich – lokale Bindung und regionale Mobilität bei den Bavuma (Uganda), Band I, Theoretische Grundlegung und 1. Hauptteil, Forschungen zur Ethnologie und Sozialpsychologie, Herausgegeben von Hilde Thurnwald, Band 11, Berlin 1980. 29. Jorgensen Jan Jelmert, Uganda, A Modern History, London 1981. (further: Jorgensen) 30. Kambere Amos Mubunga, Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region, Lest We Forget, A Biographical narrative of Uganda’s youngest Member of Parliament 1980-85, Victoria BC Canada 2010. (further: Kambere) 31. Kampala Law Reports, Decisions of the High Court and Supreme Court of Uganda, 1999. 32. Kasozi A. B. K, The Bitter Bread of Exile, The Financial Problems of Sir Edward Mutesa II during his final exile, 1966 - 1969, Kampala 2013. (further: Kasozi) 33. Kirwan Brian Edmond Renshaw, Gore P. A, Elementary Luganda, Uganda Bookshop, 1951. (further: Kirwan, Gore) 34. Kiwanuka Semakula, History of Buganda, From the Foundation of the Kingdom to 1900, Africana Publishing Company, 1972. 35. Kodesh Neil, Beyond the Royal Gaze, Clanship and Public Healing in Buganda, University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville - London 2010. 36. Kyewalyanga Francis – Xavier Sserufusa, Traditional Religion, Custom, and Christianity in Uganda, As Illustrated by the Ganda with Some References to Other African Cultures and Islam, Freiburg University, 1976. (further: Kyewalyanga) 37. Kyeyune Stephen, Shaping The Society Christianity And Culture, Special Reference to the African Culture of Baganda, Volume II, Bloomington 2012. (further: Kyeyune, Shaping...) 38. Kyeyune Stephen, The Legacy of a Hero, Life Lived from the Christian Prospective, Tribute to the late Dr. Lwanga, Bloomington 2014. 39. Laws of Uganda, Volume 1 40. Low Donald Anthony, Fabrication of Empire, The British and Uganda Kingdoms 1890 - 1902, Cambridge 2009. (further: Low) 41. Makerere Historical Journal, Vol. 2, 1976. 42. Médard Henri, Royaume du Buganda au dix-neuvième siècle, Paris – Nairobi 2007. 43. Merriam - Webster's French - English Dictionary, Merriam – Webster, Springfield 2000. (further: Merriam - Webster) 44. Metcalfe Alex, Muslims and Christians in Norman Sicily, Arabic-Speakers and the End of Islam, Abingdon - New York 2013. 45. Mwakikagile Godfrey, The People of Uganda, A Social Perspective, Dar es Salaam 2012. 46. Mwakikagile Godfrey, Uganda, The Land and its People, Dar es Salaam 2009. (further: Mwakikagile, Uganda) 47. Oxford dictionary of English, third edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2010. 48. Pope Mildred Katharine, From Latin to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman phonology and morphology, Manchester University Press, Manchester 1973. 49. Robertson Douglas W, The historical considerations contributing to the Soga system of land tenure, 1940. (further: Robertson) 50. Shiroya Okete J. E, Essays on the pre-colonial history of north-western Uganda, Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, 1992. 51. Skeat Walter William, Principles of English Etymology, The foreign element, 1891. 52. Southall Aidan, Alur Society, A Study in Processes and Types of Domination, International African Institute, Münster 2004. 53. Stanley Henry Morton, Through the Dark Continent, or, The Sources of the Nile Around the Great Lakes of Equatorial Africa and down the Livingstone River to the Atlantic Ocean, Volume 1, New York 1988. 54. Statutory instruments, Part III, 1962. 55. Stephens Rhiannon, A History of African Motherhood, The Case of Uganda, 700-1900, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York 2013. (further: Stephens) 56. Szerter Simon, Sholkamy Hania, Dharmalingam A, Categories and Contexts, Anthropological and Historical Studies in Critical Demography, Oxford University Press, Oxford – New York 2004. 57. Taylor Brian Kingzett, The western lacustrine Bantu (Nyoro, Toro, Nyankore, Kiga, Haya, and Zinza, with sections on the Amba and Konjo), 1969. 58. The Constitution of Uganda, 15th April, 1966. 59. The East Africa Law Reports, Volume 2, Butterworths, 1995. 60. The Uganda independence order in Council 1962. 61. The Uganda Journal, Vol. 24, 1960. 62. The Uganda Journal, Vol. 31, 1967. 63. The Uganda Journal, Volume 51, Uganda Society, 2007. 64. Tucker Alfred, Eighteen years in Uganda & East Africa, 1970. 65. Velazquez de la Cadena Mariano, A Pronouncing Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages, New York 1872. 66. Walser Ferdinand, Luganda Proverbs, 1982. 67. Wedgwood Hensleigh, A Dictionary of English Etymology, A - D, Volume I, London 1859. (further: Wedgwood) 68. Wengi Richard Okumu, Founding the Constitution of Uganda, Essays and Materials, Kampala – Nairobi – Dar-es-Salaam 2011.

Internet presentations

1. ARKBK Bunyoro-Kitara (http://www.arkbk- clbg.org/11.html) 2. ARKBK Representations (http://www.arkbk- clbg.org/5.html) 3. ARKBK Structure (http://www.arkbk-clbg.org/4.html) 4. Buganda, Cultural Administration. (http://www.buganda.or.ug/index.php?option=com_cont ent&view=article&id=173&Itemid=129) 5. Bunyoro-Kitara (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/) 6. Bunyoro-Kitara, Crown Prince (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/71.html) 7. Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom – General Information (http://www.scribd.com/doc/123236020/2013-Bunyoro- Kitara-Kingdom-General-Information) 8. Bunyoro-Kitara, Mukungu (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/121.html) 9. Bunyoro-Kitara, Omugo http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/70.html 10. Bunyoro-Kitara, Omukama (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/6.html) 11. Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Engabu (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/32.html) 12. Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/31.html) 13. Bunyoro-Kitara, Royal Princess (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/110.html) 14. Bunyoro-Kitara, Uganda Kings and Cultural Leaders Forum (http://www.bunyoro-kitara.org/94.html) 15. Most Honorable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega (http://www.royal-order-omukama-kabalega.org/) 16. Most Honorable Order of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega, Grades (http://www.royal-order-omukama- kabalega.org/5.html) 17. Register of Hereditary Nobility at Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, Facebook group (public) (https://www.facebook.com/groups/1668964023355463 /) 18. Royal Ark, Buganda (http://www.royalark.net/Uganda/buganda.htm) 19. Royal Ark, Toro (http://www.royalark.net/Uganda/toro.htm) 20. Royal Order of Engabu - Flyer (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/resources/2.+Engabu$2C+FLYER.pdf) 21. Royal Order of Omujwaara Kondo - Flyer (http://www.bunyoro- kitara.org/resources/1.+Omujwaara+Kondo$2C+FLYE R.pdf) 22. Wikipedia, Buganda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buganda) 23. Wikipedia, By the Grace of God (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God ) 24. Wikipedia, Elder (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_(administrative_title)) 25. Wikipedia, Inhebantu of Busoga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhebantu_of_Busoga) 26. Wikipedia, Kabaka of Buganda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda) 27. Wikipedia, Kabalega of Bunyoro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabarega_of_Bunyoro) 28. Wikipedia, Kooki (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooki) 29. Wikipedia, Kyabazinga of Busoga (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyabazinga_of_Busoga) 30. Wikipedia, List of current constituent African monarchs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_constituent _African_monarchs) 31. Wikipedia, List of Nigerian traditional states (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_traditional _states) 32. Wikipedia, Omugabe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omugabe) 33. Wikipedia, Omukama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omukama) 34. Wikipedia, Omukama of Bunyoro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omukama_of_Bunyoro) 35. Wikipedia, Omukama of Toro (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omukama_of_Toro) 36. Wikipedia, Order of Engabu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Engab u) 37. Wikipedia, Order of Kabalega (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Honorable_Order_of_ Omukama_Chwa_II_Kabalega) 38. Wikipedia, Order of Omujwaara Kondo (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Omuj waara_Kondo) 39. Wikipedia, Solomon Iguru I (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Iguru_I) 40. Wikipedia, Toro Kingdom (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro_Kingdom) 41. World statesmen, Other… (http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Uganda_native.html) 42. World statesmen, Uganda (http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Uganda.html)

NOTE ABOUT AUTHOR

Aleksandar Bačko is a writer, journalist and genealogist from Belgrade, Serbia.

Biography

Aleksandar Bačko (Serbian Cyrillic: ) is born in Belgrade, Serbia, on 15. ugust 1972. His father is Vladimir Bačko, and mother Zorica (born Cakić). His daughters are Katarina and Jovana Bačko. Aleksandar’s wife is Dragana, born Grubor.

Primary and high school Aleksandar Bačko graduated in Belgrade, where he have studied at Faculty of philosophy (department of history). Origins of Bačko family are in Kninska Krajina (Knin Frontier). Aleksandar’s great-grandfather Vojin Bačko was a teacher in Knin, Radučić and Žegar.

Aleksandar Bačko is also descendent of Nikanor Grujić, Orthodox Bishop of Pakrac and Locum Tenens Serbian Patriarch, by his brother Dragutin Grujić, Archpriest of Mohacs, Parish Priest of Kacsfalu and Assessor of Buda Bishopric Consistory. Nikanor Grujić (1810 – 1887) was a Serbian Orthodox Bishop of Pakrac and Administrator of Metropolitanate – Patriarchate of Karlovci, Knight Grand Cross of The Order of Franz Joseph, Acting Imperial Privy Councillor and a Member of The House of Magnates of Hungarian and Croatian – Slavonian Parliament. He was also a prominent poet and writer, as well as a participant in the May Assembly at Sremski Karlovci, in 1848.

Royal awards and appointments

Aleksandar Bačko is Sub-County Chief (Omugomborozi) to North Serbia (Belgrade and Vojvodina) of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom. Appointed by decree of HM Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I Omukama (King) Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, 15. January 2012.

Name of Aleksandar Bačko is mentioned in official lists of Hereditary Knights of The Royal Order of Engabu of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (1st OEBKK). These lists are dating from 2014. and 2016.

Bačko is is appointed by the decree of HM Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo (then Crown Prince), 30. August 2012, as (Knight) Officer of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl of The Royal Sultanate of Sulu. During 2014, he became (Knight) Companion of the same Order.

Aleksandar Bačko was appointed during 2015, as Lord Registrar at Chancellery of The Royal and Hashemite Order of the Pearl of The Royal Sultanate of Sulu. He was elevated by the decree of HM Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram, to the rank of Grand Cordon of this Order, on 3. April 2016.

Bearer of The Medal of The Imperial Order of Saint Anne of The Imperial House of Russia, and Medal “In Commemoration of the 400th Anniversary of the House of Romanov, 1613 - 2013”, both awarded by HIH Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia Head of the Imperial Family of Russia and de jure Empress of All the Russias.

Memberships and offices in organizations under the Dynastic patronage

Member of the Association of Representatives of the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom CLBG (ARKBK) under the Royal patronage of HM Rukirabasaija Agutamba Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I Omukama (King) Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom, since 4. February 2012.

Member of the Board for Heraldic and Genealogical studies of The Center for Research of Orthodox Monarchism, under the high patronage of HRH Prince Aleksandar Pavlov Karađorđević and spiritual patronage of His Excellency Irinej (Dobrijević).

Former member of the Executive Board of the „Kingdom of Serbia Association“ under the Royal patronage of HRH Crown Prince Alexander II Karađorđević (appointed on 26. February 2013).

Former Chief of the Committee for newsletter of the Executive Board of the „Kingdom of Serbia Association“ under the Royal patronage of HRH Crown Prince Alexander II Karađorđević, (appointed on 26. February 2013).

Professional awards

Laureate of “Mile Nedeljković“ award in 2010, issued for best contemporary folkloristics book in Serbian in 2010. It is awarded by the Association of Citizens “Heritage and Future – Aranđelovac 1859”, under patronage of Aranđelovac Municipality and with support of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Serbia.

Bearer of the Medal „For Contribution to The Development of Genealogy and Other Special Historical Disciplines” II Degree ( і і і ) of The Russian Genealogical Federation ( ). The medal is awarded the President of The Russian Genealogical Federation, H.E. Noble Stanislav Vladimirovich Dumin, 21. December 2012.

On 4. December 2015, Bačko was awarded Memorial Plaquette „Nebojša M. Krstić“ by The Center for Research of Orthodox Monarchism, from Belgrade, Serbia.

Awards of Cossack organizations

Bearer of the Medal „Protector of the Russian land – Alexander Nevsky“ ( ) Baltic separate Cossack District – Cossack Union of Baltic Area ( і – , – ). The medal is awarded by Ataman of BOKO – BKS, Cossack Colonel Sergei Nikolaevich Danilevsky, 4. August 2012.

Memberships and offices in professional and other organizations

Member of Management Board of former Association of citizens “Serbian Despot”, since 1. September 2003.

Member of Association of Journalists of Serbia ( ) since 2003.

President of Management Board of former Association of citizens “Serbian Despot”, between 7 March 2004. and 27. February 2005.

President of former Association of citizens “Serbian Despot” ( ђ „ “) from 27. February 2005, to 21. November 2008.

Founding member of Society for economic history ( ), since 17. June 2008.

Member of Mensa Serbia (Serbian national group of Mensa International), since 2009.

Member of the Union of writers in homeland and diaspora (SKOR) since 2012.

Bačko is Member of Serbian Geographical Society since 2012.

Member of Society of Authors “Poet“ since 13. August 2012.

Member of Supervisory Board of Society for economic history since 22. February 2013.

Honorary Member of The Society of Serbian Armigers, under the patronage of His Grace The Right Reverend k.k. Irinej (Dobrijević), Serbian Orthodox Bishop of Australia and New Zealand, since June 2013.

Professional engagement

Founder and editor of edition Series of Serbian ethnography and history ( ), since 7. October 2007.

Editor of former internet presentation Serbian DNA ( ), first internet presentation for Serbian genetic genealogy.

Member of Editorial board of internet presentation Serbian Despot ( ).

Member of Editorial board of internet presentation Maleševci () (Editor is Mr. Milorad Ćustić).

He writes monographies and texts about history of certain settlements, origin of population and families. His works consider ethnographical, historical and genetic genealogy research.

Bibliography

Twelve of his books have been published until now:

Mali Mokri Lug, Faculty of philosophy, Department for ethnology and anthropology, Ethno – anthropological issues – monography, vol. 28, Belgrade 2005, pages 1 – 187 (in Serbian: )

Žegar – origin of inhabitants, Faculty of philosophy, Department for ethnology and anthropology, Ethno – anthropological issues – monography, vol. 29, Belgrade 2005, pages 1 – 226 (in Serbian: – )

Maleševci– clan with family feast on st. Ignatius day, Association of citizens “Serbian despot”, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 1, Belgrade 2007, pages 1 – 224 (in Serbian: – . )

Dalmatian Serb families, Association of citizens “Serbian despot”, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 2, Belgrade 2008, pages 1 – 513 (in Serbian: )

About history of the Sentandrejan families, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 3, Belgrade 2009, pages 1 – 248 (in Serbian: )

Krupa and Golubić in Dalmatia, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 4, Belgrade 2010, pages 1 – 355 (in Serbian: ) Coauthor Veljko Kubat

Clans with family feast on Saint Thomas day – Genetic and ethnographical research, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 5, Belgrade 2010, pages 1 – 282 (in Serbian: . ) Coauthor Dragiša Maksimović

Beomužević and Stapar near Valjevo – About some families in Tamnava, Podgorina and Kolubara regions, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 6, Belgrade 2011, pages 1 – 214 (in Serbian: – , ), coauthor Milorad Ćustić

Notes about connections between the Serbs and the Russian Empire, Series of Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 7, Belgrade 2015, pages 1 – 209 (in Serbian: ђ ) (electronic book)

Sultanate of Sulu – Notes from the past and present times, Belgrade 2015, pages 1 - 106 (electronic book)

Drljače settlement in Banija, Serbian ethnography and history, vol. 8, Belgrade 2016, pages 1 – 555 (in Serbian: ), coauthor Živko Krčmarević

Obrenović (Teodorović - Obrenović) - extinct Serbian dynasty, Belgrade 2016, pages 1 - 107 (in Serbian: ( - ) – ), coauthor: Deacon Hadži Nenad M. Jovanović

Bačko is also author of certain number of texts, which are published in different media. Among them are: Relatives of Karađorđević Family (in Serbian: ђђ), Ancestry of Bishop Nikolaj Velimirović (in Serbian: ), About Serbs of Imotska Krajina ( ) and other.

Some of his works have been translated into English, French and Russian.

CONTENTS

INITIAL NOTE ...... 7

INTRODUCTION ...... 9

PARTIAL ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE TITLES OF UGANDAN TRADITIONAL RULERS, ROYALTY, CHIEFS, NOBILITY AND CHIVALRY ...... 11

SUMMARY ...... 84

SOURCES AND LITERATURE ...... 86 Printed sources and literature ...... 87 Internet presentations ...... 93

NOTE ABOUT AUTHOR ...... 96

CONTENTS ...... 104

BAČKO, Aleksandar,

Titles of Ugandan traditional rulers, royalty, chiefs, nobility and chivalry / Aleksandar Bačko; editor deacon Hadži Nenad M. Jovanović. - Belgrade: A. Bačko, 2017. - 104 pages : illustrated ; 20 cm.

Notes about author: pages 96-103. – Notes and bibliographical references in the text. - Summary. - Bibliography: pages 86-95.

ISBN 978-86-912425-8-9