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Pacific Exposures: Photography and the Australia–Japan Relationship

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Pacific Exposures: Photography and the Australia–Japan Relationship PACIFIC EXPOSURES PACIFIC EXPOSURES PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE AUSTRALIA–JAPAN RELATIONSHIP MELISSA MILES AND ROBIN GERSTER ASIAN STUDIES SERIES MONOGRAPH 11 Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760462543 ISBN (online): 9781760462550 WorldCat (print): 1076493862 WorldCat (online): 1076494153 DOI: 10.22459/PE.2018 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Ciaran Chestnutt, My niece, enthralled by a geisha, strolling back from Senso-ji, 2013. This edition © 2018 ANU Press CONTENTS List of Figures . vii Acknowledgements . xiii Introduction . 1 1 . ‘The Child of the World’s Old Age’: Photographing Japan in the Early Twentieth Century . 11 2 . ‘White Australia’ in the Darkroom: 1915–41 . 45 3 . Shooting Japanese: Photographing the Pacific War . 81 4 . Japan for the Taking: Images of the Occupation . 113 5 . Through Non-Military Eyes: Developing the Postwar Bilateral Relationship . 153 6 . Cross-Cultural (Mis)Understandings: Independent Photography since the 1980s . 187 7 . Conclusion: Revising ‘Us and Them’ . 227 Bibliography . 235 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 0 .1 . Untitled postcard, Wallaroo Mines c . 1915 . 2 Figure 1 .1 . Futaba and Co ., Untitled [Japanese Child], c . 1926 . 12 Figure 1 .2 . Mortimer Menpes, Advance Japan . 17 Figure 1 .3 . Leo Arthur Cotton, Untitled [Japanese Children], c . 1926 . 19 Figure 1 .4 . George Rose, Cherry Blossoms, Ueno Park, Tokyo, Japan, c . 1890–1900 . 21 Figure 1 .5 . Cavendish Morton, L’Entente Cordiale from the series ‘Young Japan and Friends’, c . 1905 . 27 Figure 1 .6 . Cavendish Morton, Pals from the series ‘Young Japan and Friends’, c . 1905 . 27 Figure 1 .7 . Cavendish Morton, Two Handy Men from the series ‘Young Japan and Friends’, c . 1905 . 28 Figure 1 .8 . Cavendish Morton, That’s How It’s Done from the series ‘Young Japan and Friends’, c . 1905 . 28 Figure 1 .9 . Anon ., The Motherland’s Misalliance . 31 Figure 1 .10 . George Rose, Japanese schoolboys waiting to see soldiers bound for war . When the train arrives they all sing a war song and shout ‘Bonzai’ (good luck), c . 1904 . 34 Figure 1 .11 . Photographs of Mark Foy and family, including a trip to Japan in 1902 . 37 Figure 1 .12 . Photographs of Mark Foy and family, including a trip to Japan in 1902 . 38 Figure 1 .13 . Ruth Hollick, Untitled [Child in Kimono], c . 1910–30 . 40 Figure 2 .1 . Harold Cazneaux, Photographic Society Outing, Sydney, c . 1915 . 50 Figure 2 .2 . Attributed to Ichiro Kagiyama, Untitled [Portrait of Japanese- Australian Family], c . 1915 . 51 Figure 2 .3 . Photographer unknown, Mikado Farm, Guildford, 1915 . 53 Figure 2 .4 . Attributed to Ichiro Kagiyama, Untitled [White City], c . 1915 . 55 Figure 2 .5 . Attributed to Ichiro Kagiyama, Untitled [White City], c . 1915 . 55 Figure 2 .6 . Monte Luke, The Girl in the Kimona . 58 vii PACIFIC EXPOSURES Figure 2 .7 . Ichiro Kagiyama, Untitled [Japanese Dancing Doll] . 58 Figure 2 .8 . Attributed to Ichiro Kagiyama, Untitled [Parade], c . 1915 . 59 Figure 2 .9 . Kiichiro Ishida, A White Gum . 63 Figure 2 .10 . Kiichiro Ishida, Mountain Decoration . 65 Figure 2 .11 . Stanley Eutrope, Winter’s Curtain, c . 1922 . 66 Figure 2 .12 . Cover design for The Home, December 1921 . 69 Figure 2 .13 . Ichiro Kagiyama, ‘Sydney—Seen Through Japanese Eyes’ . 71 Figure 2 .14 . Advertisement for NYK Line . 73 Figure 2 .15 . Ichiro Kagiyama, B.M.A Macquarie Street, from ‘Sydney—Seen Through Japanese Eyes’ . 74 Figure 3 .1 . George Silk, Australian Soldiers with Japanese Dead after the Final Assault on Gona, Papua, 17 December 1942 . 82 Figure 3 .2 . Norman Stuckey, Troops of the 2/16th Australian Infantry Battalion Unearth a Dead Japanese Soldier, Shaggy Ridge area, New Guinea, 27 December 1943 . 88 Figure 3 .3 . Unknown photographer, Troops of 47th Australian Infantry Battalion with Dead Japanese by Enemy Pillbox, Bougainville, 16 January 1945 . 91 Figure 3 .4 . Unknown photographer, Troops of the 2/17th Australian Infantry Battalion Search Japanese Bodies, Brunei, North Borneo, 13 June 1945 . 91 Figure 3 .5 . Ronald Keam, Australian Infantry Filling a Mass Grave with Japanese Dead, Bougainville, 6 April 1945 . 93 Figure 3 .6 . George Silk, Lieutenant John R. Greenwood, 2/14th Australian Infantry Battalion, New Guinea, 23 November 1942 . 98 Figure 3 .7 . Unknown photographer, Japanese Prisoner Known as ‘Mickey Mouse’, with Two Australians, Morotai, c . 1945 . .. 99 Figure 3 .8 . Unknown photographer, Suspected Japanese War Criminals on Trial in Darwin, March 1945 . 101 Figure 3 .9 . George Silk, Wounded Japanese Carried by Australian Soldier, c . 1942 . 103 Figure 3 .10 . Unknown photographer, Two Japanese Prisoners Being Conveyed to Casualty Clearing Station, c . 1944 . 105 Figure 3 .11 . Unknown photographer, Military History Section Photographer Lance Sergeant Norman Stuckey (left) and an Australian Soldier with Japanese Prisoner, New Guinea, 10 October 1943 . 106 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3 .12 . Allan Cuthbert, Japanese Schoolgirls Welcome Home Repatriated Prisoners-of-War, Ujina (Hiroshima), 27 June 1946 . .108 Figure 3 .13 . Unknown photographer, Portrait of Lieutenant William Harry Freeman, Official photographer, Hiroshima, 1947 . 110 Figure 4 .1 . Lt Gaetano Faillace, Emperor Hirohito and General MacArthur, at Their First Meeting, at the U.S. Embassy, Tokyo, 27 September 1945 . 114 Figure 4 .2 . William Harry Freeman, Members of BCOF Taking Photographs of ‘Geisha Girls’, Kyoto, August 1947 . 116 Figure 4 .3 . Unknown photographer, BCOF Public Relations, Australian Soldier Shopping in Ginza, Tokyo, c . 1946–48 . 122 Figure 4 .4 . Neil Town, ‘Australia Is There—With Our Occupation Force in Japan’, Australasian, 9 March 1946, 25 . 123 Figure 4 .5 . Unknown photographer, Australian Soldiers in Hiroshima, c . 1947 . .. 127 Figure 4 .6 . Allan Cuthbert, View South from Central Hiroshima, 28 February 1946 . 129 Figure 4 .7 . Alan Queale, Peace Festival, Hiroshima, 6 August 1948 . 130 Figure 4 .8 . Phillip Hobson, Australian Serviceman with a Group of Japanese Women, Japan, c . April 1952 . 133 Figure 4 .9 . Alan Queale, Venereal Disease Cases Discovered during a Medical Examination of Japanese Female Employees of BCOF, Hiro, 26 September 1946 . 137 Figure 4 .10 . Ron Lovitt, Pressmen Being Entertained, Japan, date unknown . 138 Figure 4 .11 . Allan Cuthbert, Japanese Shipyards Labourer, Kure, 1948 . 139 Figure 4 .12 . William Harry Freeman, Emperor Hirohito on Tour, Osaka, 1947 . .. 143 Figure 4 .13 . Allan Cuthbert, Soldiers of BCOF 65th Battalion, on Patrol, Fukuyama Prefecture, 10 September 1946 . 143 Figure 4 .14 . Phillip Hobson, Grandmother Gardening with Granddaughter, Kure area, c . Nov 1949 . .. 145 Figure 4 .15 . Alan Queale, Oysterman, Kaitaichi, Hiroshima Prefecture, c . 1946–48 . 146 Figure 4 .16 . Claude Holzheimer, Japanese Farming Family, Hiroshima Prefecture, c . 1953 . 147 Figure 4 .17 . Phillip Hobson, Australian Soldier Offering Money to Beggar, Tokyo, 11 January 1955 . 148 ix PACIFIC EXPOSURES Figure 4 .18 . Phillip Hobson, Australian Soldier and Japanese Stand Guard at Ebisu Camp, Tokyo, 8 August 1954 . 150 Figure 5 .1 . Stephen Kelen, Hiroshima, c . 1946–48, published in I Remember Hiroshima (Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 1983), 18 . 154 Figure 5 .2 . Albert Tucker, Three Boys Near Osaka, 1947 . 158 Figure 5 .3 . Herbert Cole (‘Nugget’) Coombs, Children in a Tokyo Street, May 1946 . 158 Figure 5 .4 . Neville Govett, Street Scene, Hiroshima, c . 1947–49 . 160 Figure 5 .5 . Neville Govett, Smokestack and Ventilator on the Hokkaido Ferry, c . 1947–49 . 160 Figure 5 .6 . Frederick Frueh, On the Road to the Railway Station, Iwakuni, c . 1946 . 162 Figure 5 .7 . Brian and Cecilia McMullan, Street Scene, Kure, c . 1947–52 . 163 Figure 5 .8 . Bruce Howard, Murray Rose with his Japanese Rival Tsuyoshi Yamanaka after the 400m Freestyle Final at the 1956 Olympic Games, Melbourne, 4 December 1956 . 165 Figure 5 .9 . Photographer unknown, Prime Minister Menzies Greets Japanese Prime Minster Kishi at Essendon Airport, Melbourne, 2 December 1957 . .. 170 Figure 5 .10 . Ellen Brophy, ‘Memories of Japan’ (Album), Kobe-Osaka, 1957–60 . 174 Figure 5 .11 . Mark Strizic, Monorail Viewed from Inside the Australian Pavilion, Expo ’70, Osaka, 1970 . 176 Figure 5 .12 . Mark Strizic, Exterior of the Australian Pavilion, Expo ’70, Osaka, 1970 . .. 177 Figure 5 .13 . Photographer unknown, Visitors and Crew Make a Toast, Darwin Harbour 1961 . 180 Figure 5 .14 . George Lipman, Matsue Matsuo Pays Her Respects to Her Son Lieutenant Keiu Matsuo, Sydney Harbour, 29 April 1968 . .. 181 Figure 5.15. Cliff Bottomley, Visiting Japanese Schoolchildren at an Australian Family Barbecue, near Melbourne, 1963 . 183 Figure 5 .16 . Photographer unknown, Gough and Margaret Whitlam with the Emperor and Empress of Japan, Tokyo, 26 October 1963 . 186 Figure 6 .1 . Christopher Köller, Untitled from the series Zen Zen Chigau, 1984 . 195 Figure 6 .2 . Christopher Köller, Untitled from the series Zen Zen Chigau, 1984 . 197 Figure 6 .3 . Kristian Häggblom, Yoyogi #11, 2006 . 204 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 6 .4 . Kristian Häggblom, Kichijoji #6, 2006 . 204 Figure 6 .5 . Kristian Häggblom, Aokigahara Jukai, Bible Translations, 2000 . .. 205 Figure 6 .6 . Kristian Häggblom, Aokigahara Jukai, Donald Duck Badge, 2000 . .. 206 Figure 6 .7 . Matthew Sleeth, 12 Views of Mt Fuji #4 [Fujikyu Highland Park], 2004 . 208 Figure 6 .8 . Matthew Sleeth, 12 Views of Mt Fuji #43 [Shinjuku Southern Tower Hotel], 2005 . 209 Figure 6 .9 . Matthew Sleeth, 12 Views of Mt Fuji #24 [Kawaguchiko], 2004 . .. 210 Figure 6 .10 . Matthew Sleeth, Kawaii Baby #15 [Tokyo], 2006 . 211 Figure 6 .11 . Matthew Sleeth, Kawaii Baby #16 [Tokyo], 2006 . 212 Figure 6 .12 . Matthew Sleeth, Millenario Lights, Marunouchi [Tokyo], 2006 . .. 214 Figure 6 .13 . Matthew Sleeth, North West from Shinjuku [Tokyo], 2005 .
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