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Culture Statistics 2016 Edition Culture statistics 2016 edition STATISTICAL BOOKS Culture statistics 2016 edition Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 Web Print ISBN 978-92-79-52215-4 ISBN 978-92-79-52214-7 doi: 10.2785/56811 doi: 10.2785/74145 N° Cat: KS-04-15-737-EN-N N° Cat: KS-04-15-737-EN-C Theme: Population statistics Collection: Statistical books © European Union, 2016 Reproduction of contents other than photo is authorised, provided that the source is acknowledged. For more information, please consult: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/our-partners/copyright Copyright for the photos: © Fotolia, 2016 For reproduction or use of these photos, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHED PAPER (ECF) Abstract Abstract The third edition of the publication ‘Culture statistics’ presents a selection of indicators on culture pertaining to the following topics: cultural employment, international trade in cultural goods, cultural enterprises, cultural participation, use of internet for cultural purposes and private cultural expenditure. In addition it presents some contextual data on students in cultural fields of study, learning languages and international tertiary students’ mobility. Some information about the EU and international initiatives concerning cultural heritage, like the World Heritage List of UNESCO or the European Heritage Label, is comprised as well. Most data cover the European Union and its Member States, EFTA and candidate countries. The data were extracted and then compiled from Eurostat website at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Editors Jean-Louis Mercy (Head of Unit) and Marta Beck-Domżalska — Unit F1 (Social indicators: methodology and development; relations with users) Production This publication was produced by: Alessandro Albano, Thierry Huart, Tsvetelina Marinova and Marta Zimoląg — Sogeti (Luxembourg) S.A. William Helminger, Carla Martins and Bruno Scuvée — CRI (Luxembourg) S.A. Contact details Eurostat Bâtiment Joseph Bech 5, rue Alphonse Weicker 2721 Luxembourg E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements We would like to thank our colleagues who were involved in the preparation of this publication, in particular Cristina Calizzani, Petronela Reinecke, Fabienne Montaigne, Anne Berthomieu-Cristallo, Julien Gaffuri, Baudewina Dijkhuis, Elisaveta Ushilova, Fernando Reis, Bogomil Kovachev, Sorin-Florin Gheorghiu, Philippe Lombardo, Erika Taidre, Louise Corselli-Nordblad, Catherine Coyette, Dominique Verdon, as well as Robert Oosterhuis (EGMUS). Culture statistics 3 Abstract Data extraction period The data presented in this publication were extracted from January to March 2016. An online data code available under each table/figure with data from Eurostat database can be used to directly access the most recent data on Eurostat’s website. All statements on policies within this publication are given for information purposes only. They do not constitute an official policy position of the European Commission and are not legally binding. To know more about such policies, please consult the European Commission’s website at: http://ec.europa.eu. For more information please consult Eurostat website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 4 Culture statistics Contents Table of contents Abstract 3 Table of contents 5 Introduction 7 1. Context 11 2. Cultural employment 57 3. Cultural enterprises 75 4. International trade in cultural goods 97 5. Cultural participation 115 6. Use of ICT for cultural purposes 137 7. Private cultural expenditure 155 Annexes 169 Culture statistics 5 Introduction Introduction Introduction Culture is one of Europe’s greatest strengths: information on the main trends in employment, it is a source of values and identity and gives business, international trade, participation and the continent a sense of belonging. It also consumption patterns in the field of culture. contributes to people’s well-being, to social This book can be considered as a third edition cohesion and inclusion. The cultural and creative of the Eurostat publication on culture statistics. sectors are a driver of economic growth, job Previous editions of the pocketbook ‘Cultural creation and external trade. statistics’ were released in 2007 and 2011. The That is why culture is becoming increasingly current edition was prepared by Eurostat with important at EU level. In accordance with Article the substantial support of the Directorate 167 of the Lisbon Treaty, the EU ‘shall contribute General Education and Culture. to the flowering of the cultures of the Member Compared to the previous publications, even if States, while respecting their national and the fields covered are the same, a lot has been regional diversity and at the same time bringing done in terms of methodological developments. the common heritage to the fore’. A new European framework for cultural statistics The EU supports these objectives through (based on 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural the Creative Europe programme, as well as a Statistics) was elaborated by the European number of policy actions set out in the Work Statistical System network on Culture and Plan for Culture for 2015–2018. This work plan, presented in the ESSnet-Culture final report adopted by EU culture ministers in December (2012). The group of national experts made 2014, sets out the main priorities for European methodological recommendations in various cooperation in cultural policymaking: inclusive areas (employment, enterprises, public and and accessible culture, the promotion of cultural private expenditure, participation) and defined heritage, support to the flowering of the cultural the cultural scope in relation with international and creative sectors, and promotion of cultural classifications. For example, ESSnet-Culture diversity and of culture in EU external relations. proposed a new methodology for estimating The production of reliable, comparable and cultural employment through both NACE Rev. 2 up-to-date culture statistics, which are the basis and ISCO-08 classifications; the chapter devoted of sound cultural policy-making, is also a cross- to cultural employment follows that algorithm. sectorial priority of this work plan. Chapters on cultural enterprises and international Eurostat compiles statistics on culture from trade in cultural goods, together with that on several data collections conducted at EU level cultural employment, present the economic to provide policy-makers and other users with dimension of culture. 8 Culture statistics Introduction From the side of cultural participation, data on in an attempt to assess the population interest in participation in cultural activities (including the cultural heritage, through the number of views use of ICT for cultural purposes) and private of World Heritage Sites in Wikipedia. expenditure on cultural goods and services were All data presented in this book are available explored. in the specific domain ‘Culture’ of Eurobase Finally, as in the previous editions, data on (Eurostat statistics on-line). Most chapters in this culture were put in a larger context, mainly of publication are published on-line as ‘Statistics cultural heritage. Here, some findings of the Explained‘ articles which will be regularly experimental project ‘Big data’ have been added updated, taking into account new available data. Access to Eurostat data The simplest way to access Eurostat’s broad use of Eurobase data. In the PDF version of this range of statistical information is through the publication, the reader is led directly to the Eurostat website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat). freshest data when clicking on the hyper-links Eurostat provides users with free access to for each online data code. Readers can access its databases and all of its publications in the freshest data by typing a standardised PDF via the internet. The website is updated hyper-link into a web browser, http:// daily and gives access to the latest and most ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=<data_ comprehensive statistical information available code>&mode=view, where <data_code> is to on: the EU and euro area; the EU Member States; be replaced by the online data code in question. the EFTA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Online data codes can also be fed into the Norway and Switzerland); and the candidate ‘Search’ function countries (Albania, Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey). on Eurostat’s website, which is found in the Eurostat online data code(s) — upper-right corner of the Eurostat homepage, easy access to the freshest data at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat. The results from such a search are hyper-links which take Eurostat online data codes, such as tps00001and users to a dataset detail page (2), which provide nama_10_gdp (1), allow users easy access to information about each dataset. the most recent data in the Eurobase database Note that the data on Eurostat’s website is on Eurostat’s website. In this publication these frequently updated and that the description online data codes are given as part of the above presents the situation as of June 2016. source below each table and figure that makes (1) There are two types
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