DOCSLIB.ORG

Natural Products Chemistry Code: C-402 by Prof. Dr. Ahmed A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Natural Products Chemistry Code: C-402 by Prof. Dr. Ahmed A Natural Products Chemistry Code: C-402 By Prof. Dr. Ahmed A. Mahmoud Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science Minia University By Prof. Dr. Ahmed A. Mahmoud 280 Fats, Oils, Waxes & Terpenes Fats, Oils, and Fatty Acids Fatty acids: refers to long, straight-chain saturated and unsaturated acids, typically from C12 - C20. saturated fatty acids: CH3(CH2)nCO2H n=10, lauric acid (C12) n=12, myristic acid (C14) n=14, palmitic acid (C16) n=16, steric acid (C18) unsaturated fatty acid CO2H C18, oleic acid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) CO2H C18, linolenic acid 6 CO2H C18, linoleic acid 6 CO2H C20, arachidonic acid 1 Fats and Oils: Triglycerides (triaceylglycerols) are tri-esters of glycerol (1,2,3-trihydroxypropane) and fatty acids. O The R groups can be OH H2C O C R1 fatty O saturated or unsaturated, HO OH + acids - H O HC O C R2 the same or different 2 O glycerol H2C O C R3 O O O when some of H C O C R H2C O C R1 H C O C R 2 1 the R groups are 2 1 O O unsaturated H2, catalyst O HC O C R HC O C R2 HC O C R2 2 H2, catalyst O O O H C O C R H2C O C R3 2 3 H2C O C R3 Partially hydrogenated: Hydrogenated- only saturated some cis double bond are fatty acids isomerized to trans double bonds 2 Waxes Esters of long chain fatty acids (C16 - C36) with long chain alcohols (C24 - C36) CH3(CH2)nCO2–(CH2)nCH3 3 Terpenes and Terpenoids The terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural products. The great structural diversity of the terpenoids has been a challenge to the synthetic chemist and will continue to be so as more skeletal types are found. The rate of discovery of new terpenoids has increased over the last ten years largely as a result of the increase in the sophistication of separation and analytical techniques. Terpene Sources Higher Marine Fungi Plants Organisms 4 INTRODUCTION Terpenoids are: When terpenes are Terpene was given modified chemically, volatileto the compounds substances such as by oxidation whichisolated give plants from and or rearrangement of Terpentineflowers their , a the carbon skeleton, fragrance.volatile They liquid occur the resulting widelyisolated in thefrom leaves pine compounds are and fruitstrees. of higher generally referred to plants, conifers, citrus as and eucalyptus. terpenoids . Terpene was given to the compounds isolated from Terpentine , a volatile liquid isolated from pine trees. 5 Uses of Terpenes –Fragrances and Perfumes –Food Additives –Aroma therapy –Cleaning Products (Pinesol) –Medicines –Insecticides 6 7 8 9 Examples of Monoterpenes and their Sources Myrcene Myrcene Citral a Gerinol Limonene Carvon Acyclic Monoterpenes Monocyclic Monoterpenes Cinnamomum tamala Lemon Rose Carawya القرفة 10 Examples of Monoterpenes and their Sources Menthol Camphor a-Pinene Monocyclic Bicyclic Monoterpenes Monoterpenes Camphor Tree Mentha Pine tree 11 Examples of sesquiterpenes and their Sources Zingiberen Artemisinin Capnellene Sesqiuterpenes Zingiber Artemisia officinal annua Capnella الجنزبيل Anti Malrial Anti-tumor imbricata 12 Examples of Diterpenes and their Sources (Vitamin A) Vitamin A 13 Examples of Diterpenes Examples of Triterpenes and their Sources and their Sources Anti-oxidant Carnosic Acid Lupeol has Antimicrobial, from Rosemary Antiinflammatory, Antitumor Properties from Senegalia visco 14 Examples of Triterpenes glycosides (Saponins) and their Sources Saponins are a class of chemical compounds found in particular abundance in various plant species. They are soap-like foaming they produce when shaken in aqueous solutions. Structurally by having one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpenederivative 16 Example of Tetra-terpenes Beta-carotene Vitamin A 17 A TYPICAL PLANT hn Glycolysis Photosynthesis (daytime) CO Respiration 2 (nighttime) H2O O2 N2 bacteria TRACE METALS “N” - - + Na, Ca, K, Mg NO2 /NO3 /NH4 Fe, Cu, Co, Mo H2O The precursor to C10 terpenoids (monoterpenes) is geraniol diphosphate (diphosphate), which consists of two C5 “isoprene units” that are joined “head-to-tail” O O head tail PP = P O P O O O OPP head - tail head - tail C15 sesquiterpenoids are derived from farnesyl diphosphate, which consists of three C5 “isoprene units” that are joined “head-to-tail” OPP C20 diterpenoids are derived from geranylgeranyl diphosphate, which consists of four C5 “isoprene units” that are joined “head-to-tail” OPP 18 C25 sesterpenoids are derived from geranylfarnesyl diphosphate, which consists of five C5 “isoprene units” that are joined “head-to-tail” OPP C30 triterpenoids and steroids are derived from squalene, which consists of two C15 farnesyl units” that are joined “tail-to-tail” C40 tetraterpenoids are derived from phytocene, which consists of two C20 geranylgeranyl units” that are joined “tail-to-tail” 19 Isopentyl Diphosphate: The Biological Isoprene Unit. Mevalonic acid is the biosynthetic precursor to the actual C5 “isoprene units,” which are isopentyl diphosphate (IPP, tail) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP, head) The Pathway from Acetate to Isopentenyl Diphosphate. Mevalonate Pathway O acetoacetyl-CoA acetyltransferase O H C C SCoA 2 C H H2C SCoA B: acetyl CoA Claisen condensation O O SCoA acetoacetyl CoA O O Enzyme-Cys-SH H C C S-Cys Enzyme H3C C SCoA 3 - acetyl CoA HMG-CoA O HMG-CoA aldol synthase O condensation H3C OH O reductase H3C OH H C C SCoA 2 HO C HO2C C 2 SCoA 2 NADPH OH H H2C SCoA B: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid acetyl CoA Mevalonic acid (HMG-CoA) B H O O SCoA acetoacetyl CoA 20 Conversion of mevalonic acid to IPP and DMAPP ATP AMP ATP ADP OH O H3C 2- H3C O H3C OH OPO3 O O 3- O O - PO4 HO2C H H - OH O O P O P O- O O P O P O - - O- O- Mevalonic acid O O H+ O CH O O O O 3 O O rearrangment O P O P O- - H - O P O P O O O P O P O - - H H O O H O- O- B: O- O- B: isopentenyl-PP dimethylallyl-PP (IPP) (DMAPP) Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation in Terpene Biosynthesis. Conversion of IPP and DMAPP to geraniol-PP and farnesyl-PP electrophilic nucleophilic head group tail group - OPP - OPP 2+ OPP 2+ Mg H H Mg OPP OPP B: DMAPP OPP IPP geranyl pyrophosphate (C10) OPP H H OPP electrophilic B: nucleophilic OPP tail group farnesyl pyrophosphate (C15) head group 21 OPP PPO squalene synthase Conversion of genanyl-PP to monoterpenes Limonene & a-Terpineol C=C bond acts limonene as a nucleophile a-terpineol 22 Examples of Monoterpenes (Acyclic & Monocyclic) Biosynthesis Pathways 23 Examples of Monoterpenes (Mono & Bi-Cyclic) Biosynthesis Pathways 24 Examples of Monoterpenes Biosynthesis Pathways 25 26 Specific methods used for structure determination of the isolated compounds Analytical methods MS & HR-MS Determination of the molecular formula Degrees of unsaturation Optical activity Chemical methods Functional groups 27 Physical & Spectral Methods 1- Optical rotation [a]D 2- IR absorption 3- UV 4- 1D NMR (1H, 13C -NMR, DEPT, NOE’s) 5- 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) 6- X-Ray analysis 27 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ETD Template
    Sulfur Based Cyclizations by Intramolecular Carbometallation and Applications to Natural Product Syntheses by Kai Deng BS, Peking University, 1996 MS, Peking University, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of University of Pittsburgh in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2004 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Kai Deng It was defended on Oct. 15, 2004 and approved by Dennis P. Curran Paul E. Floreancig Richard D. McCullough Theodore Cohen Dissertation Director ii Advisor: Professor Theodore Cohen Sulfur Based Cyclizations by Intramolecular Carbometallation and Applications to Natural Product Syntheses Kai Deng, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2004 The versatility of intramolecular carbolithiation of simple unactivated alkenes to yield cyclopentylmethyllithiums by unconjugated organolithiums is greatly increased (1) by generating the organolithiums by reductive lithiation of phenyl thioethers with aromatic radical anions and (2) by using allylic alcohol groups on the receiving alkenes. This type of reductive lithiation allows virtually any kind of organolithium to be generated, usually in a connective manner. Furthermore, the allylic lithium oxyanionic groups on the alkenes greatly accelerate the reactions and lead, in most cases, to completely stereoselective cyclization at -78 °C. Most significantly, the trans stereoselectivity is the opposite from that observed when the organometallic is allylic. A four-membered ring has also been generated by this method. Using allyl phenyl sulfones instead of using allyl acetates as precursors of Pd-catalyzed allylzinc formation greatly facilitates the efficiency of substrate preparation. The resulting allylzinc smoothly undergoes the Zn-ene cyclization onto a simple alkene or an alkyne.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation, Characterisation, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Essential Oils of Cymbopogon Validus (Stapf) Stapf Ex Burtt Davy and Hyparrhenia Hirta (L.) Stapf
    Isolation, Characterisation, and biological activity evaluation of essential Oils of Cymbopogon validus (Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy and Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf A dissertation Submitted in Fulfillment for MSc. Degree in Organic Chemistry. In the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice By Pamela Rungqu (200800815) Supervisor: Dr. O. O. Oyedeji Co-supervisor: Prof A.O Oyedeji 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation that I here submit for the award of the degree of Masters of Science in Chemistry is my original work apart from the acknowledged assistance from my supervisors. It has not been submitted to any university other than the University of Fort Hare (Alice). Student signature…..…....... Date………………… Supervisor’s signature…………. Date………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank God the Almighty for allowing me to pursue my studies. My greatest thanks also go to my supervisor Dr O. Oyedeji and co-supervisor Prof A. Oyedeji for their patience, support and guidance throughout my learning process. The knowledge imparted and advice has been invaluable. My sincere appreciation and gratitude also goes to Prof Nkeh-Chungag from Walter Sisulu University for her supervision and assistance with the anti-inflammation tests. Not forgetting Mongikazi “Makoti” and Kayode Aremu also from Walter Sisulu University for assisting me with the rats (I must say it wasn’t good experience at first, but I ended up enjoying what I was doing) I also want to thank them for helping me out with the anti-inflammation tests, and for making my stay in WSU to be worthwhile during the few days I was there.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting Marine Bioprospecting of Tropical Indonesian Macroalgae from West Timor
    REVISITING MARINE BIOPROSPECTING OF TROPICAL INDONESIAN MACROALGAE FROM WEST TIMOR Turupadang, Welem Linggi A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry. Victoria University of Wellington 2018 Abstract Marine algae are an important and historically rich source of new marine-based natural products. This thesis describes the screening of 40 Indonesian macroalgal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based molecular networking, and the subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-guided isolation and structural elucidation of a 6-deoxy-6-aminoglycoglyrecolipid (60). Molecular networking was performed using LC-MS/MS data through the online Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform directly from crude extracts. NMR spectroscopy-guided screening was also employed targeting unique peaks detected by 1H NMR to validate any hits from GNPS. Out of 40 macroalgae specimens collected from West Timor waters, six samples were prioritised by the molecular networking screening. Proton NMR revealed three specimens with significantly interesting peaks but only one specimen, Laurencia snackeyi was purified further, which yielded compound 60. i Acknowledgements I am humbly grateful to Abba Father throughout my study at Victoria University of Wellington, how much knowledge and experience that has been passed on by academics (especially during my formative year doing my graduate Diploma), fellow students and postgrads, as well as technicians over the past two-and-a-half year in the School of Chemical and Physical Sciences (SCPS). Thank you very much. My fabulous supervisor Dr Rob Keyzers, thank you for your guidance, patience and wisdom; also, for being a guru and mentor during my study; I benefit not only academically and through laboratory skills but also how you have inspired me to be a good teacher and serve students from different backgrounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibitory Effect of Dihydroaustrasulfone Alcohol On
    Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 196-213; doi:10.3390/md12010196 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Inhibitory Effect of Dihydroaustrasulfone Alcohol on the Migration of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells and the Antitumor Effect on a Lewis Lung Carcinoma-Bearing Tumor Model in C57BL/6J Mice Shuo-Chueh Chen 1,2,3, Yi-Chung Chien 4,5, Chun-Hsu Pan 5, Jyh-Horng Sheu 6,*, Chih-Yi Chen 7,* and Chieh-Hsi Wu 5,* 1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan 3 School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 7 Division of Chest Surgery and Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (C.-H.W.); [email protected] (J.-H.S.); [email protected] (C.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6100) (C.-H.W.); Fax: +886-2-2739-0671 (C.-H.W.); Tel.: +886-7-5252000 (ext.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,135,581 B2 Agoston Et Al
    US007135581B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,135,581 B2 Agoston et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 14, 2006 (54) ANTIANGIOGENICAGENTS 4.212,864 T. 1980 Tax 4,307,086 12, 1981 Tax (75) Inventors: Gregory E. Agoston, Germantown, MD 4,444,767 4, 1984 Torelli et al. (US); Jamshed H. Shah, Brookeville, 4,522,758 6, 1985 Ward et al. 4.552,758 11, 1985 Murphy et al. MD (US); Kimberly A. Hunsucker, 4,634,705 1, 1987 DeBernardis et al. Germantown, MD (US); Victor S. 4,743,597 5, 1988 Javitt et al. Pribluda, Silver Spring, MD (US); 4,808.402 2, 1989 Leibovich et al. Theresa M. LaVallee, Rockville, MD 4,994.443 2, 1991 Folkman et al. (US); Shawn J. Green, Vienna, VA 5,001,116 3, 1991 Folkman et al. (US); Christopher J. Herbstritt, 5,135,919 8, 1992 Folkman et al. Rockville, MD (US); Xiaoguo H. 5,504,074 4, 1996 D'Amato et al. Zhan, Montgomery Village, MD (US); 5,521,168 5, 1996 Clark Anthony M. Treston, Rockville, MD 5,621,124 4, 1997 Seilz et al. (US) 5,629,340 5, 1997 Kuwano et al. 5,639,725 6, 1997 O'Reilly et al. (73) Assignee: Entremed, Inc., Rockville, MD (US) 5,643,900 7/1997 Fotsis et al. 5,661,143 8, 1997 D'Amato et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,716.981 2, 1998 Hunter et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,733,876 3, 1998 O'Reilly et al.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,399.440 B2 Fogler Et Al
    USOO839944OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,399.440 B2 Fogler et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 19, 2013 (54) DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-ARTHRITIC 4,172,132 A 10/1979 Draper et al. ACTIVITY OF 2-METHOXYESTRADIOL 4.212,864 A 7/1980 Tax 4,307,086 A 12, 1981 Tax (75) Inventors: WilliamO O E. Fogler, Rockville, MD (US); 4,522,7584,444,767 A 4,6, 19851984 WETorelli et al. Stacy M.Plum, Arlington, VA (US); 4.552,758. A 1 1/1985 Murphy et al. Carolyn F. Sidor, Chapel Hill, NC (US) (Continued) (73) Assignee: EntreMed, Inc., Rockville, MD (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this RE E. 1943: patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 905 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 11/726,361 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: Mare 20,a? V.9 2007 Tishler et al., Ann Rheumat Dis, 1992:51(12): 1330-1331.* (Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data US 2007/0231.410A1 Oct. 4, 2007 Primary Examiner — San-Ming Hui (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Suzannah K. Sundby, Esq.; Related U.S. Application Data Smith, Gambrell & Russell, LLP (60) Eyal application No. 60/784,206, filed on Mar. (57) ABSTRACT s The present invention relates a composition for treating rheu (51) Int. Cl. matic diseases. The compositionp comprisesp a compoundp hav A6 IK3I/56 (2006.01) ing the formula A 6LX3L/2197 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ...................... 514/171; 514/182: 514/252.1 OH (58) Field of Classification Search .................
    [Show full text]
  • Photochemical Reactions As Key Steps in Natural Product Synthesis Thorsten Bach* and JRg P
    Reviews T. Bach and J. P. Hehn DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002845 Synthetic Methods Photochemical Reactions as Key Steps in Natural Product Synthesis Thorsten Bach* and Jrg P. Hehn Keywords: Dedicated to Professor David A. Evans cyclization · cycloaddition · on the occasion of his 70th birthday natural products · photochemistry · total synthesis Angewandte Chemie 1000 www.angewandte.org 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 1000 – 1045 Photochemical Reactions Photochemical reactions contribute in a significant way to the existing From the Contents repertoire of carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions by allowing access to exceptional molecular structures that cannot be obtained by 1. Introduction 1001 conventional means. In this Review, the most important photochemical 2. Photocyclizations 1001 transformations that have been employed in natural product synthesis are presented. Selected total syntheses are discussed as examples, with 3. Norrish–Yang Cyclizations 1008 particular attention given to the photochemical key step and its ste- reoselectivity. The structural relationship between the photochemically 4. Norrish Type I Cleavage Reactions 1009 generated molecule and the natural product is shown, and, where necessary, the consecutive reactions in the synthesis are illustrated and 5. Photochemical classified. Rearrangements 1011 6. Reactions via Dienol Intermediates 1015 1. Introduction 7. Patern–Bchi Reaction 1017 Is there anything that hasnt already been said or written about natural product synthesis?[1] Great art has been seen in 8. [2+2] Photocycloadditions of it,[2] and attempts have been made to establish it as a Olefins 1018 handcraft. Economical rules have been assigned to it,[3] and it has been fitted into logical schemes.[4] Some people view 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Searching for Immunomodulatory Compounds from Icelandic Marine Invertebrates
    Searching for immunomodulatory compounds from Icelandic marine invertebrates Xiaxia Di Thesis for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor Supervisors: Professor Sesselja Omarsdottir, PhD Professor Jona Freysdottir, PhD Professor Ingibjorg Hardardottir, PhD Doctoral committee: Professor Elin Soffia Olafsdottir, PhD Professor Margret Thorsteinsdottir, PhD January 2019 Leit að efnum með ónæmisbælandi áhrif úr íslenskum sjávarhryggleysingjum Xiaxia Di Ritgerð til doktorsgráðu Leiðbeinendur: Prófessor Sesselja Ómarsdóttir, PhD Prófessor Jóna Freysdóttir, PhD Prófessor Ingibjörg Harðardóttir, PhD Doktorsnefnd: Prófessor Elín Soffía Ólafsdóttir, PhD Prófessor Margrét Þorsteinsdóttir, PhD Janúar 2019 Thesis for a doctoral degree at the University of Iceland. All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the copyright holder. © Xiaxia Di ISBN 978-9935-9438-3-5 Printing by Háskólaprent Reykjavik, Iceland 2019 Ágrip Fjölbreytileg annars stigs lífefni er að finna í sjávarhryggleysingjum, en fáar rannsóknir hafa verið gerðar á náttúruefnum úr íslenskum sjávarhryggleysingjum. Hafsvæðið umhverfis Ísland er einstakt hvað varðar hitastig og jarðhitavirkni, sem hefur valdið því sjávarlífverur sem þar lifa gætu hafa þróað einstakar sameindir sem þær nota til að lifa af. Sjávarhryggleysingjar eru því tilvalin uppspretta fyrir leit að nýjum lífvirkum efnum. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að einangra og skilgreina ný efnasambönd með bólguhamlandi virkni úr sjávarhryggleysingjum sem safnað var við Íslandsstrendur.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine-Derived Protein Kinase Inhibitors for Neuroinflammatory
    Ning et al. BioMed Eng OnLine (2018) 17:46 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-018-0477-5 BioMedical Engineering OnLine REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access Marine‑derived protein kinase inhibitors for neuroinfammatory diseases Chong Ning1†, Hui‑Min David Wang2,3†, Rong Gao4,5†, Yu‑Chia Chang6, Fengqing Hu1, Xianjun Meng7* and Shi‑Ying Huang3,8,9* *Correspondence: [email protected]; Abstract [email protected]; Neuroinfammation is primarily characterized by overexpression of proinfammatory [email protected] †Chong Ning, Hui-Min mediators produced by glial activation or immune cell infltration. Several kinases have David Wang and Rong Gao been shown to be critical mediators in neuroinfammation. One of the largest groups contributed equally to this of kinases is protein kinases, which have been the second most studied group of drug work 7 College of Food Science, targets after G-protein-coupled receptors. Thus far, most of the approved kinase inhibi‑ Shenyang Agricultural tor drugs are adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors with various of-target University, Shenyang 110866, liabilities because of cross-reactivities; however, marine-derived compounds provide China 9 Key Laboratory of Inshore opportunities for discovering allosteric kinase inhibitors. This review summarizes the Resources Biotechnology potential of marine-derived protein kinase inhibitors in the feld of neuroinfammatory (Quanzhou Normal diseases, such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and pain. The University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, previous studies from 1990 to 2017 in this review have shown that marine-derived China protein kinase inhibitors have great potential to elicit anti-neuroinfammatory or neuro‑ Full list of author information protective responses in in vitro and in vivo models of neuroinfammatory diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies Directed to the Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products Spiros I
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1990 Studies directed to the total synthesis of biologically active natural products Spiros I. Liras Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Liras, Spiros I., "Studies directed to the total synthesis of biologically active natural products " (1990). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11202. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11202 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. » : __k ,; I *• f ,\ î'f'' INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the qualify of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters
    marine drugs Review Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters Novriyandi Hanif 1,* , Anggia Murni 2, Chiaki Tanaka 3 and Junichi Tanaka 4 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2 Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16128, Indonesia; [email protected] 3 Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812–8582, Japan; [email protected] 4 Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +62-251-862-4567 Received: 30 May 2019; Accepted: 11 June 2019; Published: 19 June 2019 Abstract: Natural products are primal and have been a driver in the evolution of organic chemistry and ultimately in science. The chemical structures obtained from marine organisms are diverse, reflecting biodiversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is an extraordinary feature of life and provides benefits to humanity while promoting the importance of environment conservation. This review covers the literature on marine natural products (MNPs) discovered in Indonesian waters published from January 1970 to December 2017, and includes 732 original MNPs, 4 structures isolated for the first time but known to be synthetic entities, 34 structural revisions, 9 artifacts, and 4 proposed MNPs. Indonesian MNPs were found in 270 papers from 94 species, 106 genera, 64 families, 32 orders, 14 classes, 10 phyla, and 5 kingdoms. The emphasis is placed on the structures of organic molecules (original and revised), relevant biological activities, structure elucidation, chemical ecology aspects, biosynthesis, and bioorganic studies.
    [Show full text]
  • View Toward the Possibility of Ring Contraction
    A NEW SYNTHETIC PATHWAY FOR DIQUINANE AND ANGULAR TRIQUINANE SYSTEMS by Eun Hoo Kim Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Advisor: Prof. Anthony J. Pearson Department of Chemistry CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2010 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of Eun Hoo Kim candidate for the Ph.D. degree*. (signed) Prof. Michael, Zagorski (Chair of the Committee, Department of Chemistry, CWRU) Prof. Anthony J. Pearson (Department of Chemistry, CWRU) Prof. Robert G. Salomon (Department of Chemistry, CWRU) Prof. Geneviève Sauvé (Department of Chemistry, CWRU) Prof. Bin Su (Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University) Date: 26st Februray 2010 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any propriety material contained therein. To my family & my teachers Table of Contents List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………..……vi List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………….. vii List of Schemes …………………………………………………………………….…….ix Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………….…..…….…xii List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………….……………xiii Abstract …………………………..…………………………………………………..…xvi CHAPTER 1. Background: Iron Carbonyl Chemistry And Synthesis of Triquinane Natural Products ………………………………………………………………………......1 1.1 Background : Fe(0) chemistry .…………………………………………………..2 1.2 Synthesis of triquinane natural products………………………………..………14 1.2.1. Diquinanes …………………………………………………………………..…15 1.2.2. Triquinanes ………………………………………………………………….…16
    [Show full text]