Morpheme Contraction in Chinese by Method of ―Reduction by Number‖

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

Morpheme Contraction In Chinese By Method Of ―Reduction By Number‖

Bakayeva Barno Bakhtiyor kizi

Abstract: This article provides information on the specifics of the method of "numerical reduction" of morpheme contractions. The types and methods of reduction of morphemous contraction using the ―数字统括 shuzi tongkuo‖ The aim of the research paper is to examine and analyze the expression patterns in the Chinese numerical contraction method of morpheme contraction. The objectives of the research work were: The analysis of theoretical views in Chinese linguistics; Studying the features of the expression of the "numerical reduction" method; To analyze the methods of contracting morpheme through examples from Chinese social and political texts;The thematic materials were analyzed using descriptive, classical, analytical, component, translation, scheduling techniques. In the present research work, the terms related to the subject are described in terms of morpheme contractions, and various methods are described using descriptive techniques. The methods of morpheme contraction were reclassified according to the studies and were divided into several types within each method based on similar and different characteristics. Morpheme contraction methods have been studied and analyzed using various examples. Morpheme contraction methods and structural models were analyzed according to the number of joints in the compound abbreviations.In modern Chinese language morpheme contraction, only four different models of component interactions were observed: copulative, verb-object, attributive, and subjective prediction models. In Chinese, complex abbreviations are subdivided into verbs, verbs, and adjectives. Numerical abbreviations summarize the original word with a number and divide it into attributes of attributive, copulative, predicative, and subjective relations that have the form of "number + central word." By numerical generalization of morpheme contraction, contracting units are subdivided into four: word contraction, vocabulary reduction, sentence reduction, sub-themes or textual reduction in whole text components. In this method, the number has its fixed position. In complex syllables of two syllables, the number comes at the beginning of the word, at the beginning of the word; There are two different approaches to the method of summarizing with numbers. The first view was welcomed in this work, since the "general component" in the "number + general component" does not necessarily have to be a common component in each equal word, but it can also be a separate word that represents the common meaning.

Index Terms: morpheme, contraction, assimilation, terminology, core, acronym, word, component. ——————————  ——————————

1.INTRODUCTION 四书sishu: «大学» daxue, «中庸» zhongyong, «论语» luniu, Morphema contraction is a number of words, phrases, or «孟子» mengzi (Four book of Confucian composed of: Lun expressions that are common in 数字统括 shuzi tongkuo. Yuy, Jongyong, Dasue and Menszi); 五经 wujing: «诗» shi, Numerical generalization is a method of contracting «书» shu, «礼» li, «易» yi, «春秋» chunqiu (Five books of morpheme that is widely used in practice, short and easy to Confucian composed of: ―shi‖, ―shu‖, ―Li‖, ―Yi‖ ва ―Chun Qiu‖); remember. It is largely preserved in ancient literature and Numerous acronyms related to human: 二乔erqiao: works of art. Counting has long been important in Chinese 大乔daqiao, 小乔xiaoqiao (one of the most beautiful women of culture. The Chinese people have linked the subject matter the three kingdoms, Qiao sisters) and others. Chinese and events and summarized their basic knowledge with scientists have expressed their opinion on the type of numbers. The aim of the research paper is to examine and reduction of morpheme contractions in Chinese by analyze the expression patterns in the Chinese numerical summarizing the following: Chen Jianmin divided the number contraction method of morpheme contraction. Based on the of types of generalization into three: The word after the purpose of the research work, the following tasks have been number occurs in every part of the complex word; The word identified: Analysis of theoretical views in Chinese linguistics. that follows the number does not appear in every part of the Studying the features of the expression of the "numerical complex word; The word that comes after the number is found reduction" method; Analysis of morphemical contractual in some parts of the compound word, and in some parts does methods through examples: in Chinese socio-political texts. not. Li Sizong and Sun Lianfeng divided the number of The thematic materials were analyzed using descriptive, abbreviations into three types: 1) summarizing by word or classical, analytical, component, translation, scheduling, and morpheme: a method of extracting words contained in each quantitative methods, which are widely used in modern constituent of compound words and placing a number equal to linguistics. In the present research work, the terms related to them. Depending on the location of the words, we can divide the subject are described in terms of morpheme contractions, them into three types: the foreground, the last, and the and various methods are described using descriptive alternate; 2) Summarizing the meaning: The method of techniques. The methods of morpheme contraction were summarizing is as follows: it does not take words from reclassified according to the studies and were divided into complex words, but summarizes the meanings of each several types within each method based on similar and component of the original words and selects a word that different characteristics. Morpheme contraction methods have expresses the general meaning of the words and equals the been studied and analyzed using various examples. number of components in the foreground. are made by placing Morpheme contraction methods and structural models were the numbers that are; 3) The generalization method: This analyzed according to the number of joints in the compound method differs from the above word separation method. It is abbreviations. The number of abbreviations in the Chinese designed to summarize words, summarize meaning, and language is summarized based on origin, affiliation, and is more. From the aforementioned classifications of scientists, divided into several groups: Numerous acronyms related to the following conclusions can be drawn. To date, there is no historical books: uniform standard in classification of the method of reduction by 二南ernan: «周南» zhounan, «召南» zhaonan (―two south‖ summarizing by numeric. Some scholars differ completely. The ―Shijin‖ of his book ―Djounan‖ and ―Shaonan‖ songs); 2422 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

phrase consists of several equal words, which can be the work, the science and the property of the people); summarized as ―number + total component‖, and there are two 2) Final component of each word is obtained by subtracting different views on the number of abbreviations. First, the ―total the last component, for example: + component‖ in the ―number + general component‖ does not 三北sanbei: 西北 xibei, 华北huabei, 东北dongbei (The have to be a component of every equal word, it can also be a Three Beys: the Zibei zone, the Huabey zone and the Dongbei separate word summarizing the meaning of all components. All zone); of the examples given below are related to this type of 3) The middle component is subtracted from each abbreviations: 四季siji: 春chun, 夏xia, 秋qiu, 冬dong (four component of the word, for example:: seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter); 六书liushu: 双佳shuangjia: 最佳商店zuijia shangdian, 最佳营业员zuijia 象形xiangxing, 会意huiyi, 形声xingsheng, 转注zhuanzhu, 假借 yingyeyuan (two best: the best store and the best seller); jiajie (six categories of hieroglyphs: icons, ideograms, 4) The distinguishing component has different positions: symbols, phonograms and incoming categories); On the other 四同一通: 与群众同吃 , 同住 tongzhu, 同劳动 tong laodong, hand, the "generic component" is said to be present in a 同商量 tong shangliang, 把政策同到底 bazhengce tongdaodi number of certain equal words, only then it is considered a (―To spend one, four of them ‖means eating, living, working, contract by number. As supporters of this view, we can cite Xu discussing, and pursuing politics in the lower classes.). Guoching, Yan Dzhiping and others. The following are examples of similar types of contractions : 三好sanhao: 2. Moral generalization. This is a type of generalization that 身体好shenti hao, 学习好xuexi hao, 思想好sixiang hao does not have a common component between each of the ("Three good": to have good health, to study well, to have a constituent units but has a common meaning from the sum of good ideology) 四美simei: 心灵美xingling mei, 行为美xingwei their common or similar characteristics, 五味wu wei (five mei, 语言美yuyan mei, 环境美xuanjing mei (four beauties: flavors): 酸suan (sour), 甜tian (sweet), 苦ku (rough), 辣la beautiful heart, good action, beautiful speech, beautiful (bitter), 咸xian (salty). As you can see from this example, the environment); We welcome this view in our work, because the common feature of words is taste. They also have five different "total component" in the "number + general component" does flavors in common ―五味‖ wuwei (five flavors). These types of not necessarily have to be a common component in every abbreviations are also available, for example:四苦siku: equal word, but it can also be a separate word that represents 生sheng, 老lao, 病bing, 死ci (four difficulties: birth, aging, the common meaning. Chinese acronyms are different from sickness, dying);四方sifang: 东dong, 南nan, 西xi, 北bei (four Hindi-European abbreviations. Most of the Indo-European 四害老鼠苍蝇 languages are composed of one or more capital letters that do poles: east, south, west north); sihai: laoshu, not contain any grammatical association but only the location sangying, 蚊子 wenzi, 臭虫chouchong (Four types of pests: of sounds. For example: 3 C: 三化san hua (简单化jiandai hua rats, flies, mosquitoes). simplification, 标准化biaozhunhua standardization); 4 H: 3. Complex generalization. It reflects a complex reduction in 四键sijian (that is head 思维siwei (to look at), heart stylistic method (metaphor and hyperbole) in terms of meaning 心灵手脚 хīнлíнɡ (soul), hand shoujiao (hand), health and keywords: 王wang, 张zhang, 江jiang, 姚yao – 四害sihai– 身体shenti (health)) However, in Chinese majority of complex ―Four pests‖ – Wang Hunwen, Zhang Chunxiao, Jiang Jin , abbreviations are made up of morphemes or words, and there Yao Wenyuan. The word ―pest‖ in this acronym is a metaphor, is a grammatical linkage in it, and so are the number of a figurative expression of members of a ―gang of four‖. It is abbreviations. 两类矛盾liangleimaodun: 敌我矛盾diwo important to remember that in abbreviations - in generalization maodun, 人民内部矛盾renmin neibu maodun (two conflicts: 两 liang - two in most cases 双shuang - is replaced by the external conflict and internal conflict between people); word double, e.g., 百花齐放 baihua qifang，百家争鸣baijia 四君子sijunzi: 旧中国画中梅jiu zhongguo huazhongmei, 兰lan, zhengming – 双百方针shuangbai fangzhen – Let the "double 竹zhu, 菊zhu (four plants: old Chinese picture plum, orchid, course", that is, open one hundred flowers and compete for bamboo and chrysanthemum); one hundred schools.

We have categorized the morpheme contraction by summarizing the numerical method by summarizing the following types from different scholars: 1. In the form of abridgement by summarizing the general component, there are ways in which words can be extracted and summarized: the initial component, the final component, the middle component: 1) The first component of each word is obtained by subtracting the initial component, for example: 两河lianghe: 河南Henan, 河北Hebei (Two ―He‖ regions: Henan and Hebei provinces); 二陕Ershan: 陕东Shandong, 陕西Shanxi (two Shan provinces: Shandun and Shanxi provinces); 三超Sanchao: 超车Chaoche, 超速Chaosu, 超载Chaozai (Overcoming car, speeding up, overloading);五爱Wuai: 爱祖国ai zuguo, 爱人民ai renmin, 爱劳动ai laodong, 爱科学ai kexue, 爱护公共财物aihu gonggongcaihu (five love: the love for the country, the people, 2423 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

2 METHODOLOGY 一军大yizhunda, 二机局erjiju, 两司马liangsima, In the form of reduction of morpheme contractions through the 三热爱sanreai… generalization of numbers, contracting units are divided into Four-digit abbreviations, for example: four 1: 一国两制yiguo liangzi, 两户一体lianghu yiti, 三大法宝sanda 1) Shortening of words, for example: 两伊liangyi: 伊朗Yilang, fabao… 伊拉克 Yilake (Iraq and Iran); 三雕sandiao: 木雕mudiao, Abbreviations of five or more joints, for example: 竹雕zhudiao, 石雕shidiao (three carving: wood carving, 二王八司马erwang basima, 老中青三结合laozhongqing bamboo carving and stone carving); sanjiehe, 十大古典悲剧shida gudian beiju…It can be seen that 2) Reduction of vocabulary, for example: the number of acronyms appeared to meet the Chinese 三同时santongshi: 同时设计tongshizheji, 同时施工tongshi vocabulary requirement of two syllables and four syllables. Many of their meanings are clear and have no special shigong, 同时投产tongshi touchan (three things at the same meanings. Numeric acronyms have already become stable time: simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and words, such as: ―四化‖ sihua (four upgrades), ―一国两制‖ investment in simultaneous production); yiguo liangzi (two policies in one country), ―两用人才‖ 3) Speech reduction, for example: liangyong rencai (double character) and so on. Numerous 两个中心lianggezhongxin: acronyms are constantly increasing with the development of 高等学校即是教育中心又是科学研究中心 (two centers: the society, but a certain part disappears before it is included in higher education institution is the educational center and the the dictionary. A typical example of this is the number of research center) acronyms used in the party slogans during the Cultural 三参一改sansan yigai: 干部参加劳动ganbu sanjia laodong, revolution, with such numbers being political, their speed of distribution very fast, for example: ―红五类‖ hongwulei (Red 职工参加管理群众参加监督 zhigong sanjia guanli, qunzhong may), ―三忠于‖ sanzhongyu (three faithful people), ―三突出‖ sanjia jiandū, 改革不合理的规章制度gaige bu helide santuchu (three sudden emergencies), ―四无限‖ siwuxian (four guanzhang zhidu (trilateral participation: Changing laws that infinite), ―三支两军‖ sanzhi liangjun three aides and two are incompatible with leaders' labor, employee management executor), ―两报一刊‖ liangbao yikan (two newspapers and one and public control). magazine), and so on. However, much of the new cuts 4) Subtitles or shortening of the text base in all text disappeared with the end of the cultural revolution, with only a components, such as: small number of acronyms becoming stagnant. Generally 十六条: 1966年8月8日 speaking, in numerical abbreviations, the number has its own «中国共产党中央委员会关于无产阶级文化大革命的决定»。全 fixed position. In two-syllable numbers, the number comes at the beginning of the word, at the beginning, the number in the 文分十六条，故名 (Part 16: August 8, 1966 "Decision of the three syllables comes in the first, the second, and in the four Central Council of the Communist Party of China on the syllables the second and the fourth syllables. Modeling of Cultural Revolution of the Great proletariat." The entire text is numerical abbreviationsThe numerical abbreviations composed of 16 chapters, and the name of the acronym is summarize a complex word with a number and divide it into also derived from it); Two, three and four syllable numbers. structured models of attribute, copulative, predicate, and The two-syllable numbers are relatively strong in general, with subjective behavior, with the form "numerical + key word": the common name, character, and condition present in all Attributive model parts of the numerical and complex words. It can be 1. ―numerical + noun / adjective / verb / pronoun + (noun)‖ summarized in the form of ―numerical + basic morpheme‖ 1) ―numerical + noun‖ regardless of the number of complex syllables. The role of the 三伏sanfu: 初伏chufu, 中伏zhongfu, 末伏mofu (maximum number becomes clear, that is, it is unstable and comes only in summer temperatures: beginning, middle and end of summer); the beginning part. Verbs, nouns, or adjective morphemes may 五行木火水金土五行 come after the number. In three-syllable numbers, numbers wuxing: mu, huo, shui, jin, tuwuxing (five are usually in first or second position. Three-syllable suffixes elements: wood, fire, water, metal, soil) include not only nouns, adjectives, verb morphemes, but also 1) ―numerical + numerical + noun‖ words that fall under the nouns, verbs and adjectives. In 双十节shuang shi jie: 十月十日中华民国国庆节shiyue shiri addition, some acronyms contain account words, usually in the Zhonghua minguo guoqingjie (October 10 Independence day second syllable. Before the second syllable comes the words of China); ―老‖ lao (old), ―小‖ xiao, ―新‖ xin (new), ―黑‖ hei (black), ―红‖ 2) ―Numerical+noun+noun‖ hong (red). The form is not observed in four-syllable numbers. 三青团san qing tuan: 三民主义青年团sanmin zhuyi In four-syllable numbers, numbers are usually located in the qingniantuan (the three peoples principle is the union of first and third syllables, divided into phonetic parts on the basis youth); of two models. Providing phonetic completeness of some four- 六字方针liuzi fangzhen: 调整tiaozheng, 巩固gonggu, syllable numbers ―个‖ ɡè (pieces), ―大‖ dà (large) are added. 充实chongshi, 提高的方针tigaode fangzhen (arrange, Two-syllable abbreviations, for example: strengthen, raise); 一传 yichuan, 两川liangchuan, 双补shuangbu, 三世sanshi, 3) ―numerical + adjectives + noun‖ 四有siyou … 4) Most of the adjectives are the following words, for Three-syllable numbers, for example: example: ―大‖ da (large), ―小‖ xiao (small), ―好‖ hao (good) and so on. 四大洋sida yang: 大西洋Daxiyang, 太平洋Тaipingyang, 1 Yan Zhiping. Shuzi shi suolve yude tedian [Features of numeral 印度洋Yinduyang, 北冰洋Бeibingyang (four oceans: the abbreviations]. Hanyuxuexi, 2002. No 2, p 27. 2424 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616

Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the style of reading, party and culture); North Ice Ocean); 收扩对讲三用机shoukuo : 收音shouyin, 扩音kuoyin, 5) ―numerical+adverb+noun‖ 对讲三用机zhijiang sanyongji (radio, microphone, walkie- 三连冠sanliangyan: 连续获得世界锦标赛lianhu huode talkie); shijiejinbiaosai, 世界杯赛shijie beisai, 奥运会决赛三项冠军aou 3) ―noun+numerical+noun‖ yun hui juesai guanjun (triple champion: the man who won the 东三省dongsansheng: 辽宁Liaoningɡ, 吉林Jilin, World championship, the World Cup and the Olympic finals); 黑龙江三省的总称heilongjiang sanshengdezongcheng (three 6) ―numerical+subject+noun‖ eastern provinces: Liaonin, Jilin, Heilongjiang); 双扶户shuangfuhu: 之贫困户和优抚户(helping families of low- Copulative model income and deceased military personnel); 1. ―(numerical + noun)+(numerical + noun)‖ 2. ―noun+adjective/adverb/verb 两报一刊liangbao yikan: «人民日报» renmin ribao, «解放军报» 1) ―numerical+adjective‖ jiefang junbao 和 «红旗»杂志hongqi zazhi (two newspapers 四旧sijiu: 旧思想jiu sixiang, 旧文化jiu wenhua, 旧风俗jiu one magazine: Renmin ribao, the Salvation army newspaper fengsu, 旧习惯jiu xiguan (the four old ones: old ideology, and the Red flag magazine); culture, traditions and customs); 2. ―(numerical+adjective)+(numerical+adjective)‖ 五小wuxiao: 小发明xiao faming, 小革新xiao gexin, 小改造xiao 三名三高sanming sangao: 名作家mingzuojia, gaizao, 小设计xiao sheji, 小建议xiao jianyi (five small things: 名导演mingdaoyan, 名演员mingyanyuan, 高薪水gaoxinshui, small inventions, upgrades, projects and little tips); 高稿酬gaogaochou, 高奖金gaojiangjin (famous writer, director, 2) ―numerical+adverb‖ actor, high-earner, remuneration and award money); 三同santong: 同吃tongchi, 同住tongzhu, 同劳动tong laodong Predictive model (to eat together, to live together, to work together); 一国两制yiguoliangzi: 一个国家两种制度yi guojia liang zhong 四同sitong: 同吃tongchi, 同住tongzhu, 同劳动tong laodong, zhidu (two policies in one country); 同学习tong xuexi (to eat together, to live together, to work 政社合一zhengshe heyi: 政权和社合为一体zhengquan he together, to study together) zhehe weiyiti (unification of government and society); 五迟wuchi: 小儿站立迟xiao er zhanlichi, 行走迟xig zouchi, Model of verb-object 长发迟chang fachi, 出齿迟chu chichi, 言语迟yan yuchi (slow 破四旧立四新posijiulisixin: 破除旧思想pochu jiusixiang, motion, slow motion, slow hair growth, slow tooth eruption, 旧文化jiu wenhua, 旧风俗jiu fengsu, 旧习惯jiu slow speech); xiguan；树立新思想shuli xin sixiang, 新文化xin wenhua, 3) ―numerical+verb‖ 新风俗xin fengcu, 新习惯xin xiguan (breaking four old ones 双拥shuangyong: 拥政爱民yongzheng aimin, 拥军优属yongjin and establishing four new ones: replacing old ideology, culture, youshu (to use it for two purposes: to use the army for both traditions and customs with new ideology, culture, traditions military and peace purposes); and customs); 3. ―numerical+ account word +noun/verb‖ 1) ―сон+ҳисоб сўз+от‖ Different sophisticated models 四家诗sijiashi: 鲁诗Lushi, 齐诗Qishi, 韩诗Hanshi, 毛诗Maoshi 三自一包sanzi yibao: 自留地zi liudi, 自由市场ziyou shichang, (Lu, Qi, Han, Mao) 自负盈亏zifu yingkui (fight for autonomy, economic freedom, 2) ―numerical+account word+verb‖ and autocrine); 三个面向教育要面向现代化 san ge mianxing: jiaoyu 三好四会sanhao sihui: 设备维护好shebei weihu hao, 面向世界 yaomianxiang xiandaihua, mianxian shijie, 用好yonghao, 修好xiuhao, 设备会使用shebei hui shiyong, 面向未来 mianxiang weilai (to face modernization, the world 会保养hui baoyang, 会检查hui jiancha, 会排除故障hui paichu and the future); guzhang (how to protect, operate, repair, know how to use, 四个面向sige mianxiang: 文革面向农村wenge know how to handle, know how to control, and how to fix). mianxiangnongcun, 面向边疆mianxiang bianjianɡ, Hence, afferent morpheme is part of the numerical 面向工矿mianxiang gongkuang, 面向基层mianxiang zhiceng abbreviation, for example, ―化‖ hua (四化sihua – (The cultural revolution is focused on villages, borders, 革命化geminghua (revolutionizing), 年轻化nianqinghua factories, mines, and the main strata). (rejuvenate), 知识化zhishihua (intellectualization), 4. ―numerical + (account word) + binding / front auxiliary‖ 现代化xiandaihua (modernization), ―性‖ xing (三性san xing – 三边sanbian: 边设计bian sheji, 边施工bian shigong, 思想性sixiangxing (ideology), 科学性kexuexing (scientific), 边修改bian xiugai (design, build, and modify); 通俗性tongsuxing (popularity) and so on. They are relatively 三从一大sansong yida: 从难congnan, 从严congyan, independent in terms of meaning and structure. In the original 从实际出发进行大运动量科学训练 (to be rigid and demanding, word, separate and unused components can be mentioned to perform large-scale scientific exercises based on reality) and used separately in numerical abbreviations; In terms of 5. ―adjective/verb/noun+numerical+noun‖ pronunciation, the lighter tone in the original word changes to 1) ―adjective+numerical+noun‖ a different tone; When the meaning of the original word is 黑五类heiwulei: 地di, 富fu, 反fan, 坏huai, 右you weak in the sense, the acronym is relatively strong, completely (representatives of five categories: landowners, rich, anti- changed; Structurally, the decentralized component receives revolutionary, criminals and right); the number and becomes the central component. Adverb, 2) ―verb+numerical+noun‖ number, and so forth are some of the specific uses of 整顿三风zhengdun sanfeng: 整顿学风zhengdun xuefeng, grammatical rules, for example.: ―numerical+adverb‖, 党风和文风dangfeng he wenfeng (to arrange three styles, ―numerical+adverb+noun‖ and so on.

Special use of numbers in finite contracting. Using accounts is ―难‖ nan (difficulty), but rather ―易‖ does not represent the one of the great features of modern Chinese. The ―key word‖ quantities of nan (difficult) but rather the number of ―nan‖ in the form ―numeric + key word‖ of a numeric acronym does (hard) symbols. Jan Djiping reiterates that for the reasons not accept constraints, for example: ―五讲‖ wujiang (following mentioned above, morphemes have the function of five rules), ―四美‖ simei (four beauties), ―四化‖ sihua (four morpheme, which is a subjective word in numerical beauties) and so on. In the early Sin dynasty, the form of abbreviations. expression in Chinese was ―numer + horse‖, for example, a) does not function as a cross-section, does not have a ―三纲五常‖ sangang wuchang (three laws and three rules), control component, does not have a component of the time ―三姑六婆‖ sangu liupo (mothers and grandmothers), category; quality does not perform the cross-section, there is no defining component; can not be a component that ―五代十国‖ wudai shiguo (five dynasties and ten states of time) expresses the state of the verb; b) bindings, auxiliary and and so on. In ancient Chinese, numbers and order numbers other auxiliary words do not serve as grammatical words but 六月 were not the same. For example, ― ‖ liu yue (June) denotes serve as central words, adopting the grammatical nature of both the six-month period and the sixth month, June. After the words of independent meaning; c) Affixes do not function as a Sin and Han dynasties, horse counting has evolved, but for a complementary word-forming component but rather as a relatively long period of time, especially in the literary written central word component, assuming the grammatical nature of language, no account has been used, even today, in modern the word core. Account does not have word properties ―大‖ da Chinese, for example: ―三人‖ sanren (third party), ―五天‖ (large) quality also has the word character in the numeric wutian (five days) and so on. This method is still used in acronym, for example: ―十大文明‖ shidawenming (four great numerical contracting: ―三维‖ sanwei (three-dimensional), cultures), ―四大自由‖ sida ziyou (four freedoms), ―十大关系‖ 两极 ― ‖ liangji (two poles) and so on. In modern Chinese, the shidaguanxi (ten great connections) and so on. In addition, form "numerical + noun" appears in ancient Chinese and is still ―大‖ da (large) as wel as, ―个‖ ɡè (single) such as joining used nowadays. In the form of ―numerical + adjective‖, the between the three-syllable numbers, as well as maintaining adjective has the following verb attributes. Some verbs and the relationship between the joints. adjectives represent several objects related to a movement or feature without integrating a number of objects into motion. According to Yu Liming, in terms of structure and expression, 3 CONCLUSION the quantitative units that act as a central word have not Consequently, we can conclude that the Chinese have changed much in comparison with ancient Chinese. He complex grammar laws and grammatical features. In modern explained the number of abbreviations in relation to the Chinese language morpheme contraction, only four different number of the cross, such as: ―五讲四美三热爱‖ wu jiang simei models of component interactions were observed: copulative, verb-object, attributive, and subjective prediction models. In san reai that is ―讲究五个方面的行为jiangjiu wuge fang miande Chinese, complex abbreviations are subdivided into verbs, ，做到四个方面的美好 xingwei (focus on five things) zuodao verbs, and adjectives. Numerical abbreviations summarize the sige fangmianmeihao (do four good original word with a number and divide it into attributes of deeds)，热爱三件事物re’ai san jian shiwu(to love three attributive, copulative, predicative, and subjective relations that 2 things)‖ . The next-to-most number in the numbered have the form of "numerical + central word." In the attribute abbreviations makes sense to represent the object. In the model: "numerical + noun / adjective / verb/ adverb + (noun)", absence of the word, the verb and the quality get rid of the "numerical + adjective / adverb / verb," numerical + count word chains of meaning and structure. This is a feature of the + noun / verb, in addition, such models as "numerical + number abbreviations. Auxiliary words can also be used with (account word) + binding / front auxiliary ", "(noun) + account numbers, for example: ―三从一大‖ sancong yida (carrying out word + affix (prefix / suffix)" and "adjective / verb / noun + a large number of scientific exercises based on difficulty, numerical + noun" are defined. There are two different reality) ―从‖ cong front auxiliary; ―三边‖ sanbian (both approaches to the method of summarizing with numbers. The designing, constructing and modifying) ―边‖ bian binder. In first view was welcomed in this work, since the "general addition, affixes are usually not a central word as an auxiliary component" in the "number + general component" does not component, but are used as a central word in numerical necessarily have to be a common component in each equal abbreviations, for example: ―四化‖ sihua and so on. According word, but it can also be a separate word that represents the to Jan Dzhiping, every abstract word, auxiliary words, affixes common meaning. By numerical generalization of morpheme used in the numeric acronyms lose their previous referent, contraction, contracting units are divided into four: word grammatical meaning. The numbers used in numerical contraction, word collapse, sentence reduction, sub-themes or acronyms do not represent the components, namely, noun textual reduction in whole text components. In this method, the expressions, the action of the verb, and the attribute of number has its fixed position. In complex syllables of two adjective. The word (word, phrase, and sentence) that he is syllables, the number comes at the beginning of the word, at presenting comes as a symbol. The action of the numeric the beginning of the word. characters preceding such signs does not represent a feature, but rather expresses them, since the component that is the REFERENCES symbol, whether it is a noun, a verb, an adjective, or auxiliary, [1] Yue Longhua. Jianlveyu [Abbreviations]. Beijing. 2005. P can all be expressed in total numbers. He explains by using 244. the example of ―三难‖ sannan (three difficulties) that ―三难‖ [2] Xiandai Hanyu Cidian [Modern Chinese dictionary]. N 6, sannan (three difficulties) does not represent the antonym of 2012. P 667. [3] Zong Jun. Xiandai Hanyu Suolveyu Cidian [Modern Chinese dictionary of abbreviations]. Yuwen chubanshe, Yu Liming. Hanyu suolve yude yanjiu. – Sichuan daxue, 2002. 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