INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Morpheme Contraction In Chinese By Method Of ―Reduction By Number‖ Bakayeva Barno Bakhtiyor kizi Abstract: This article provides information on the specifics of the method of "numerical reduction" of morpheme contractions. The types and methods of reduction of morphemous contraction using the ―数字统括 shuzi tongkuo‖ The aim of the research paper is to examine and analyze the expression patterns in the Chinese numerical contraction method of morpheme contraction. The objectives of the research work were: The analysis of theoretical views in Chinese linguistics; Studying the features of the expression of the "numerical reduction" method; To analyze the methods of contracting morpheme through examples from Chinese social and political texts;The thematic materials were analyzed using descriptive, classical, analytical, component, translation, scheduling techniques. In the present research work, the terms related to the subject are described in terms of morpheme contractions, and various methods are described using descriptive techniques. The methods of morpheme contraction were reclassified according to the studies and were divided into several types within each method based on similar and different characteristics. Morpheme contraction methods have been studied and analyzed using various examples. Morpheme contraction methods and structural models were analyzed according to the number of joints in the compound abbreviations.In modern Chinese language morpheme contraction, only four different models of component interactions were observed: copulative, verb-object, attributive, and subjective prediction models. In Chinese, complex abbreviations are subdivided into verbs, verbs, and adjectives. Numerical abbreviations summarize the original word with a number and divide it into attributes of attributive, copulative, predicative, and subjective relations that have the form of "number + central word." By numerical generalization of morpheme contraction, contracting units are subdivided into four: word contraction, vocabulary reduction, sentence reduction, sub-themes or textual reduction in whole text components. In this method, the number has its fixed position. In complex syllables of two syllables, the number comes at the beginning of the word, at the beginning of the word; There are two different approaches to the method of summarizing with numbers. The first view was welcomed in this work, since the "general component" in the "number + general component" does not necessarily have to be a common component in each equal word, but it can also be a separate word that represents the common meaning. Index Terms: morpheme, contraction, assimilation, terminology, core, acronym, word, component. —————————— —————————— 1.INTRODUCTION 四书sishu: «大学» daxue, «中庸» zhongyong, «论语» luniu, Morphema contraction is a number of words, phrases, or «孟子» mengzi (Four book of Confucian composed of: Lun expressions that are common in 数字统括 shuzi tongkuo. Yuy, Jongyong, Dasue and Menszi); 五经 wujing: «诗» shi, Numerical generalization is a method of contracting «书» shu, «礼» li, «易» yi, «春秋» chunqiu (Five books of morpheme that is widely used in practice, short and easy to Confucian composed of: ―shi‖, ―shu‖, ―Li‖, ―Yi‖ ва ―Chun Qiu‖); remember. It is largely preserved in ancient literature and Numerous acronyms related to human: 二乔erqiao: works of art. Counting has long been important in Chinese 大乔daqiao, 小乔xiaoqiao (one of the most beautiful women of culture. The Chinese people have linked the subject matter the three kingdoms, Qiao sisters) and others. Chinese and events and summarized their basic knowledge with scientists have expressed their opinion on the type of numbers. The aim of the research paper is to examine and reduction of morpheme contractions in Chinese by analyze the expression patterns in the Chinese numerical summarizing the following: Chen Jianmin divided the number contraction method of morpheme contraction. Based on the of types of generalization into three: The word after the purpose of the research work, the following tasks have been number occurs in every part of the complex word; The word identified: Analysis of theoretical views in Chinese linguistics. that follows the number does not appear in every part of the Studying the features of the expression of the "numerical complex word; The word that comes after the number is found reduction" method; Analysis of morphemical contractual in some parts of the compound word, and in some parts does methods through examples: in Chinese socio-political texts. not. Li Sizong and Sun Lianfeng divided the number of The thematic materials were analyzed using descriptive, abbreviations into three types: 1) summarizing by word or classical, analytical, component, translation, scheduling, and morpheme: a method of extracting words contained in each quantitative methods, which are widely used in modern constituent of compound words and placing a number equal to linguistics. In the present research work, the terms related to them. Depending on the location of the words, we can divide the subject are described in terms of morpheme contractions, them into three types: the foreground, the last, and the and various methods are described using descriptive alternate; 2) Summarizing the meaning: The method of techniques. The methods of morpheme contraction were summarizing is as follows: it does not take words from reclassified according to the studies and were divided into complex words, but summarizes the meanings of each several types within each method based on similar and component of the original words and selects a word that different characteristics. Morpheme contraction methods have expresses the general meaning of the words and equals the been studied and analyzed using various examples. number of components in the foreground. are made by placing Morpheme contraction methods and structural models were the numbers that are; 3) The generalization method: This analyzed according to the number of joints in the compound method differs from the above word separation method. It is abbreviations. The number of abbreviations in the Chinese designed to summarize words, summarize meaning, and language is summarized based on origin, affiliation, and is more. From the aforementioned classifications of scientists, divided into several groups: Numerous acronyms related to the following conclusions can be drawn. To date, there is no historical books: uniform standard in classification of the method of reduction by 二南ernan: «周南» zhounan, «召南» zhaonan (―two south‖ summarizing by numeric. Some scholars differ completely. The ―Shijin‖ of his book ―Djounan‖ and ―Shaonan‖ songs); 2422 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 phrase consists of several equal words, which can be the work, the science and the property of the people); summarized as ―number + total component‖, and there are two 2) Final component of each word is obtained by subtracting different views on the number of abbreviations. First, the ―total the last component, for example: + component‖ in the ―number + general component‖ does not 三北sanbei: 西北 xibei, 华北huabei, 东北dongbei (The have to be a component of every equal word, it can also be a Three Beys: the Zibei zone, the Huabey zone and the Dongbei separate word summarizing the meaning of all components. All zone); of the examples given below are related to this type of 3) The middle component is subtracted from each abbreviations: 四季siji: 春chun, 夏xia, 秋qiu, 冬dong (four component of the word, for example:: seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter); 六书liushu: 双佳shuangjia: 最佳商店zuijia shangdian, 最佳营业员zuijia 象形xiangxing, 会意huiyi, 形声xingsheng, 转注zhuanzhu, 假借 yingyeyuan (two best: the best store and the best seller); jiajie (six categories of hieroglyphs: icons, ideograms, 4) The distinguishing component has different positions: symbols, phonograms and incoming categories); On the other 四同一通: 与群众同吃 , 同住 tongzhu, 同劳动 tong laodong, hand, the "generic component" is said to be present in a 同商量 tong shangliang, 把政策同到底 bazhengce tongdaodi number of certain equal words, only then it is considered a (―To spend one, four of them ‖means eating, living, working, contract by number. As supporters of this view, we can cite Xu discussing, and pursuing politics in the lower classes.). Guoching, Yan Dzhiping and others. The following are examples of similar types of contractions : 三好sanhao: 2. Moral generalization. This is a type of generalization that 身体好shenti hao, 学习好xuexi hao, 思想好sixiang hao does not have a common component between each of the ("Three good": to have good health, to study well, to have a constituent units but has a common meaning from the sum of good ideology) 四美simei: 心灵美xingling mei, 行为美xingwei their common or similar characteristics, 五味wu wei (five mei, 语言美yuyan mei, 环境美xuanjing mei (four beauties: flavors): 酸suan (sour), 甜tian (sweet), 苦ku (rough), 辣la beautiful heart, good action, beautiful speech, beautiful (bitter), 咸xian (salty). As you can see from this example, the environment); We welcome this view in our work, because the common feature of words is taste. They also have five different "total component" in the "number + general component" does flavors in common ―五味‖ wuwei (five flavors). These types of not necessarily have to be a common component in every abbreviations are also available, for example:四苦siku: