Summary of Input from Human Use Workshops and Outreach San Juan Islands National Monument Planning Process

U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management San Juan Islands National Monument Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement

Contents Introduction ...... 3 Background ...... 3 How will the BLM use input received through this process? ...... 3 Workshop Format ...... 4 Participation ...... 5 Summary of Input Received ...... 5 Summary of Input by Location ...... 6 Quadrant A—General Summary ...... 6 Quadrant A—Blind Island ...... 7 Quadrant A—Government Lot 2 ...... 7 Quadrant A—Indian Island ...... 8 Quadrant A—Patos Island ...... 8 Quadrant A—Skull Island ...... 9 Quadrant B—General Summary ...... 9 Quadrant B—Cattle Point ...... 11 Quadrant B—Kellett Bluff ...... 12 Quadrant B—Posey Island ...... 12 Quadrant B—Turn Point Light Station ...... 12 Quadrant C—General Summary ...... 13 Quadrant C—Cape Saint Mary ...... 15 Quadrant C—Chadwick Hill ...... 15 Quadrant C—Iceberg Point ...... 16 Quadrant C—Point Colville ...... 17 Quadrant C—Lopez Pass ...... 18 Quadrant C—Watmough Bay ...... 18 Quadrant D—General Summary ...... 19 Quadrant D—Chuckanut Rocks...... 20 Quadrant D—Lummi Rocks ...... 20 Summary of Input by Human Use ...... 20 Bicycle access ...... 21 Boat landing ...... 21

1 Camping and other overnight uses ...... 21 Campfires ...... 22 Commercial and/or competitive recreation ...... 22 Hiking and walking ...... 22 Hunting and the discharge of firearms ...... 22 Outreach and education ...... 23 Equestrian use ...... 24 Motorized use...... 24 Flying of drones and other unmanned aircraft ...... 24 Research ...... 24 Recreating with pets ...... 24 Smoking and other tobacco use ...... 25 Tribal use ...... 25 Visitor facilities ...... 25 Appendix A—Workshop Agenda ...... 26 Appendix B—Workshop Maps ...... 27

2 Introduction This report summarizes input received by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on human use management in the San Juan Islands National Monument (Monument) during the winter and spring of 2016. The BLM appreciates the thoughtfulness and engagement of everyone who participated in this process.

The full text of the comments received during this time can be found online in the supplement to this document.

Background The BLM’s Spokane District Office is in the process of developing a resource management plan for the San Juan Islands National Monument. This plan will provide the overarching objectives and direction for managing the approximately 1,000 acres of BLM-administered land in the San Juan Islands over the next 15 to 20 years.

The BLM is currently developing the draft plan, which will describe a range of potential approaches to managing the Monument, along with an analysis of the impacts of these approaches. The BLM anticipates that the draft plan will be released in winter of 2017 for a 90 day public comment period. After considering comments received during this period, the BLM will develop a proposed plan, which is likely to draw from among the potential approaches described in the draft plan.

The scoping period for the planning process took place in March of 2015. During this 30 day period, the BLM held five public meetings and received comments from the public, non-governmental organizations, and governmental agencies on issues that should be addressed in the plan. The BLM received 88 scoping comments from 79 individuals and organizations during this process. A summary of this input and the full text of the comments can be found here: www.blm.gov/or/plans/sanjuanislandsnm/scopingrep.php

During the week of January 25, 2016, the BLM held four interactive workshops to gather additional input on human use management within the Monument. The BLM also received comments submitted outside of the workshops and during an April 18, 2016, meeting of the San Juan Islands National Monument Advisory Committee. The Monument Advisory Committee, which provides advice regarding the development of the plan, is composed of 12 members representing an array of stakeholder interests.

How will the BLM use input received through this process? The BLM is using the input received through this process to develop the range of potential approaches to human use management that will be considered in the draft plan. The BLM will also consider input from this process when developing the proposed plan.

This report summarizes the input received regardless of whether a particular request is appropriate for inclusion in the plan. For example, this summary includes requests for actions that are outside of BLM’s jurisdiction or that are not at an appropriate scale for inclusion in a 15-20 year land use plan but that might be undertaken during its implementation.

3 Workshop Format The four workshops each began with a series of brief presentations from BLM employees and the Chair of the Monument Advisory Committee (see Appendix A for the Workshop Agenda). These presentations oriented participants to the Monument lands, provided an overview of the planning process, and explained the interactive workshop exercise.

Each participant was given a set of index cards with a unique numeric identifier and a set of colored stickers. They were asked to use these cards to submit responses to the following four questions, each of which was associated with a sticker color:

• What specific human uses and experiences do you value within the Monument? Are there any new opportunities you’d like to see managed for? (blue) • What types of human use opportunities would you like to see restricted or prohibited and where? Why would you like to see these restrictions/prohibitions? Should seasonality be a factor? (red) • Which trails would you like to see maintained? Which closed? Are there any new trails you’d like to see built? What uses would you like to see allowed or prohibited on the trails? (green) • Is there any additional input you’d like to provide at this time that we haven’t captured? (yellow) Participants used the color coded stickers to make their responses to these questions geographically specific. Large maps of each location within the Monument, including the existing trail network, were distributed throughout the meeting rooms. Participants wrote their unique identifier on the stickers and affixed them to the specific location to which their comment pertained (see Figure 1 for an example). BLM staff members were available throughout the process to answer questions.

Figure 1: Example interactive workshop map

4 Participation Table 1: Summary of Participation In total, 91 individuals provided 554 Number of separate comments as part of this process (in individuals some cases multiple comments were Date providing Number of submitted on a single index card). Seventy- Location (all 2016) comments comments one individuals provided comments during Orcas Island January 25 7 45 the four workshops. The majority of comments were provided at the January 27 San Juan Island January 26 8 51 workshop on Lopez Island. Lopez Island January 27 49 380 The BLM also received nine comments Anacortes January 28 7 16 delivered by email or letter. On April 18, Monument the BLM led the San Juan Islands Advisory Monument Advisory Committee through the Committee 8-MAC 49-MAC workshop process and received additional (MAC) April 18 3-gen public 4-gen public comments from eight committee members Comments received outside and three members of the public. of meetings 9 9

Summary of Input Received Total 91 554

This report first summarizes input received Figure 2: Topics Addressed by Comments by quadrant and specific location. A general Note: many comments addressed multiple topics summary for each quadrant describes the range of responses to the four questions for the Monument lands within that quadrant. Input is then summarized for each location within that quadrant that received five or more responses. In total, the BLM received responses addressing 45 specific locations within the Monument; 19 locations received at least five comments.

Following the geographic summaries, the report provides an overview of input by human use type. The BLM received comments on a wide range of topics during this process (see Figure 2). This report focuses on summarizing comments received on human uses within the Monument. The BLM is considering all comments received as it develops the draft plan.

The full text of all comments can be found online in the supplement to this document.

5 Summary of Input by Location Quadrant A—General Summary Quadrant A covers the northern-central region of the San Juan Islands. Monument lands in this quadrant include Patos Island and small rocks, islands, and locations on and around Orcas Island. The majority of Monument lands in Quadrant A are only accessible by private boat, though many can be seen from the Washington State Department of Transportation ferry or from ferry-served islands.

The BLM received 90 comments addressing Quadrant A. The top five topics covered by comments addressing Quadrant A were: trails (32), temporary or permanent closures to human use (20), camping (18), cultural resources (14), and sensitive or special wildlife and habitat (14).

In Quadrant A, Blind Island, Freeman Island, Government Lot 2, Indian Island, Patos Island, and Skull Island received five or more comments. Input on these areas is summarized following the general Quadrant A summary.

Input on human uses and experiences to manage for in Quadrant A The BLM received comments supporting existing camping and human-powered boat access opportunities in Quadrant A. There was also some interest in expanding recreational opportunities within this quadrant. This included requests for new hiking trails in specific locations and one request for recreational motorized access. A few comments recommended keeping or expanding existing visitor amenities, such as toilets and picnic tables.

Commenters described valuing Quadrant A’s ecological and cultural values and/or wanting to see management to protect these values. Increased signage and outreach were suggested to encourage the protection of these values and clarify what uses are permitted in specific areas.

Some commenters described participating in, or appreciating, volunteer docent programs associated with specific Monument locations. A few requested that the BLM facilitate citizen science and education on Monument lands in Quadrant A.

Input on restricting or prohibiting human uses in Quadrant A The BLM received comments requesting that some areas in Quadrant A be permanently or temporarily closed to recreational use. The closures requested varied from permanent closures, to seasonal closures to protect wildlife, to closures with exceptions for “open-house” days. Other comments requested that access to particular locations only be allowed by permit. Requests for closures or permitted access were usually focused on small rocks and islands in Quadrant A, including Indian Island, and usually included a description of the particular area’s sensitive values.

The BLM also received requests for the prohibition of specific recreational activities in particular Quadrant A areas. Activities addressed in these comments included camping, campfires, drone use, kayak landing, motor boat access, dog walking, and equestrian, bicycle, and motorized access.

6 Input on trails in Quadrant A Comments related to trails in Quadrant A included requests to maintain current trails, to close trails, and to develop new tails in specific areas. Suggestions for trail closures focused on streamlining the existing trail network and on restricting use of sensitive areas. Seasonal trail closures to protect wildlife were also suggested. Interest in new trails focused on the east side of Patos Island; there were also requests to keep this area free of trails.

Several comments requested that trails be clearly marked and that visitors be required to stay on trail.

Additional input not otherwise captured for Quadrant A Many comments described important and/or sensitive ecological and cultural values associated with specific Monument lands in Quadrant A. A few suggested that the BLM undertake vegetation management, including meadow restoration and weed removal, in specific locations. One commenter requested that the BLM not undertake intensive vegetation management to improve conditions for individual species.

One commenter suggested that more tribal awareness is needed for Patos Island. Another requested more information about the area on Orcas Island known as Government Lot 2.

Quadrant A—Blind Island Blind is a small island that currently supports four designated campsites, a small trail network, and a composting toilet. It is cooperatively managed by the BLM and Washington State Parks and is associated with the Cascadia Marine Trail. The BLM estimates that it received 7,900 visitors in 2014.

Commenters expressed appreciation for the current camping opportunities on Blind Island. Some requested that the BLM impose camping group size limits, prohibit camping and fires outside of current sites, and allow landing only be human-powered boats. One comment described wildflowers and culturally important plants on the east side of the island and requested that this area be closed to use. Another asked that the current trail network be reduced to a single, clearly marked trail.

Quadrant A—Government Lot 2 Government Lot 2 is a little known area of Monument land on Orcas Island. It has no visitor facilities or trails.

The BLM received comments requesting recreational opportunities at Government Lot 2, including camping by permit for visitors arriving by human powered boat, identification of kayak landing sites, and linking of the area to the nearby Turtleback trail system. One commenter who requested the establishment of picnicking and kayak landing opportunities also suggested seasonal use restrictions as necessary to

7 protect wildlife and plant communities. This commenter clarified that he or she did not want the BLM to undertake “deforestation” to promote single species, specifically Garry oak.

Several comments mentioned cultural resources at Government Lot 2 and requested that these resources be protected and/or interpreted.

Quadrant A—Freeman Island Freeman is a small island with no visitor facilities. Current activities on Freeman Island include volunteer monitoring, citizen science, and recreational use from nearby Camp Orkila.

Most comments on human use on Freeman Island focused on trails. Two comments requested that trails on Freeman Island be reduced to a single, marked route. One of these also asked that a barrier be built at the end of the trail to protect wildflowers. Another comment requested that a safe route be developed from the beach, potentially including a staircase.

Freeman Island was described as having few weeds and spectacular exposed bedrock geology. A comment suggested that this island, along with Skull and Victim, be managed for educational purposes.

Quadrant A—Indian Island Indian is a small island with no facilities. It is accessible at very low tides from the town of East Sound on Orcas Island. The BLM estimates that it received over 9,500 visitors in 2014.

Many commenters described valuing and/or wanting to protect Indian Island’s ecological values, particularly its nesting bird habitat. Recommendations for protecting these values focused on limiting human uses and enhancing outreach. Suggestions included closing the island seasonally, permanently, or for specified periods of time (e.g., high tide or days not specified as “open houses”), as well as requiring organized groups to obtain a permit prior to visiting. Other comments requested the prohibition of specific activities, including camping, campfires, collecting, dog walking, and kayak, bicycle, equestrian, and motorized vehicle access. While the majority of comments on this area focused on restricting recreational uses, one comment requested that dirt bike access to Indian Island be allowed.

Comments on Indian Island’s trails focused on seasonal and permanent closures of certain trails to protect ecological values, particularly nesting birds. The clear marking and mapping of trails was also requested.

Several comments asked for permanent signage to explain what uses are allowed or prohibited, as well as to provide information on the area’s ecological values. Others requested the continuation or expansion of in-person outreach and education and the continuation of research on Indian Island.

Quadrant A—Patos Island Patos Island, which is just over 200 acres, is home to the historic Patos Island Lighthouse. The BLM estimates that the island received over 8,000 visitors in 2014. Patos Island is cooperatively managed by the BLM and Washington State Parks. It has seven designated campsites and two compositing toilets.

8 Comments were split on whether Patos Island’s trail system should be expanded, maintained, or reduced. Some asked for new trails on the island’s eastern half; others requested that this area remain trail-free. One comment asked for the closure of dead end trails and trails through meadows.

Comments addressing camping generally appreciated and approved of the current number of sites; a few requested that they not increase. Suggested changes to camping opportunities included shifting some sites to the island’s north side and identifying an emergency site for kayak groups caught out in storms. One commenter wondered whether bathroom facilities are sufficient for visitor numbers; another requested no further developments on the island. The prohibition of campfires was suggested given the distance of the island from assistance.

Appreciation was expressed for the lighthouse’s volunteer docents and the restoration work that has been done on the historic structure. Comments suggested greater interpretation of the island’s cultural landscape and additional BLM-facilitated visits to the island.

Two commenters requested that the BLM undertake meadow restoration on Patos; one specifically suggested that chemicals be used in addition to other methods to reduce weeds.

Quadrant A—Skull Island Skull is a small island with no visitor facilities. Current activities on Skull Island include monitoring, citizen science, education, and recreational use

Two comments suggested that a single trail be maintained and clearly marked on Skull Island. Another suggested that this island, along with Blind and Victim, be managed for educational purposes.

The area was described as being valued for wildflowers and as having meadows that need protection. Comments requested the prohibition of specific uses, including camping, fires, and access for dogs. One suggested seasonal restrictions be applied as necessary to protect wildlife and plant communities, but clarified that the commenter did not want the BLM to undertake “deforestation” to promote single species, specifically Garry oak. Two comments asked for signage at the kayak landing explaining what uses are allowed on Skull Island.

Quadrant B—General Summary Quadrant B covers the western region of the San Juan Islands. Monument lands in this quadrant include areas on San Juan, Stewart, and Henry islands, as well as small rocks and islands around them. While most of the Monument lands within Quadrant B are accessible only by private boat, Cattle Point on San Juan Island is easily accessible by car.

9 The BLM received 51 comments addressing Quadrant B. The top five topics covered by comments addressing Quadrant B were: trails (21), cultural resources (8), sensitive or special wildlife and habitat (6), sensitive or special vegetation, and signage (6).

In Quadrant B, Cattle Point, Kellett Bluff, Posey Island, and Turn Point received five or more comments. A summary of input on these areas follows the general Quadrant B summary.

Input on human uses and experiences to manage for in Quadrant B Commenters requested opportunities for camping, hunting, kayaking, picnicking, mountain biking, and walking at specific locations in Quadrant B. An appreciation for current opportunities, including walking at Cattle Point and touring restored structures at Turn Point, was also expressed. One commenter requested that permitted visioning and coming of age retreats be allowed at Kellett Bluff, Turn Point, and Posey Island.

Signage and careful siting of campsites and trails were suggested as ways to protect ecological and cultural values in Quadrant B while allowing uses. Commenters also suggested signage as a way of warning visitors away from hazards and delineating trails.

The BLM received several requests to add or enhance visitor facilities such as toilets, benches, and parking in specific Quadrant B locations. In contrast to these requests, one commenter asked that Cattle Point be managed for its “natural and wild” character and that no facilities, trails, or signage be permitted there.

Input on restricting or prohibiting human uses in Quadrant B The BLM received comments requesting that public access be prohibited, or require a permit, for specific locations in Quadrant B. These requests were generally focused on small rocks and islands that provide seabird and marine mammal habitat. Commenters also suggested that the BLM prohibit specific activities in particular Quadrant B locations, including camping, campfires, drone and model plane use, hunting, dog walking, and equestrian, bicycle, and motorized access. Seasonal closures were also suggested to protect ecological values.

Input on trails in Quadrant B Trail comments for Quadrant B focused on maintaining specific existing trails, rerouting trails for safety and resource protection, and streamlining the network by closing social trails. New trails were requested at Kellett Bluff. Other commenters requested that there be no additional trails built in specific areas, including Kellett Bluff and Cattle Point. Seasonal trail closures were suggested as a means to protect migratory birds at Cattle Point.

10 Additional input not otherwise captured for Quadrant B Many comments described sensitive and/or important ecological and cultural values associated with specific sites in Quadrant B. Commenters both appreciated experiencing these values and requested human use restrictions or restoration to protect or enhance them. Suggestions for vegetation management included enhancing Garry oak at Kellett Bluff, fencing to protect sensitive plants, and removing invasive plants at Kellett Bluff and Cattle Point.

Commenters expressed appreciation of the restoration of historical structures at Turn Point and recognized the work of volunteers in this effort. A few requested restoration of the Cattle Point Lighthouse and continued work at Turn Point.

Quadrant B—Cattle Point Cattle Point encompasses approximately 27 acres of land on San Juan Island. The BLM estimates that this easily accessible area received over 12,000 visitors in 2014. Cattle Point has no visitor facilities, but parking is available at an adjacent Washington State Department of Natural Resources site.

Cattle Point was described as being valued for hiking, photography, and wildlife watching. One commenter suggested that one trail be maintained for bicycle use; another proposed that well-managed hunting might be an appropriate use of the area. Others requested the prohibition of specific activities at Cattle Point, including flying drones and model planes, hunting, walking dogs, and equestrian, bicycle, and motorized access.

Comments on trails at Cattle Point included requests to simplify the existing trail network, to develop trails to manage for heavy use, and to maintain the area with no trails. Specific trails were identified for closure, rerouting, or designation. One commenter suggested that the erosion is creating safety issues for the trail along the edge of the bluffs at Cattle Point.

A few commenters requested new visitor facilities at Cattle Point, such as benches, trash cans, dog bag stations, and additional parking. Several suggested signage as a way of delineating trails and otherwise managing use. In contrast, a commenter asked that Cattle Point be managed for its “natural and wild” character and that no facilities, trails, or signage be permitted there.

Several commenters described the area as important for rare and/or sensitive plants and wildlife. Trail design, fencing, and seasonal trail closures were suggested as ways of managing visitor use to protect these values. Restoration activities were recommended to address degradation of habitat and the Cattle Point Lighthouse.

11

Quadrant B—Kellett Bluff Kellett Bluff is an approximately 70 acre headland on Henry Island. It has no visitor facilities and is accessible only by water. The BLM estimates that it received approximately 320 visitors in 2014.

Requests for expanded visitor opportunities at Kellett Bluff included the addition of picnic facilities, a toilet, and at least one new trail. It was also suggested that the BLM work to establish public access between Kellett Bluff and other land on Henry Island. One commenter requested that the area remain trail-less beyond the existing primitive trail.

Kellett Bluff, along with Turn Point and Posey Island, was suggested as a location for permitted visioning and coming of age retreats. Another commenter requested that the area be day-use only.

Several comments requested active management to restore meadows and Garry oak habitat at Kellett Bluff.

Quadrant B—Posey Island Posey is a small island with two designated campsites and a toilet. It is cooperatively managed by the BLM and Washington State Parks and is associated with the Cascadia Marine Trail. The BLM estimates that it received 2,700 visitors in 2013.

A few comments suggested that camping should continue at Posey Island, but that it should be managed to protect the area’s sensitive cultural and ecological resources. One suggested relocating a campsite to protect sensitive values. Another requested the restriction of camping and fire to marked sites. Weed removal was also recommended.

Posey Island, along with Kellett Bluff and Turn Point, was suggested as a location for permitted visioning and coming of age retreats.

Quadrant B—Turn Point Light Station Turn Point encompasses approximately 80 acres on Stewart Island. The area features the historic Turn Point Light Station and its associated structures. The BLM estimates that it received over 13,000 visitors in 2014. Visitor facilities include a vault toilet. The BLM works with the Turn Point Lighthouse Preservation Society on interpretation and restoration of the historic buildings.

12 Multiple commenters appreciated the restoration of the historic structures at Turn Point and expressed enjoyment of the existing trail opportunities. One requested the continuation of the historic restoration work and suggested that the living quarters be used as a walk through museum. Other suggestions included adding signage about the steep cliffs, developing additional toilet facilities, and promoting respect for nearby private properties.

One commenter requested the prohibition of hunting, as well as fires, at Turn Point, while another suggested that managed hunting—including collaborating with tribal partners—might be appropriate. Turn Point, along with Kellett Bluff and Posey Island, was suggested as a location for permitted visioning and coming of age retreats.

Quadrant C—General Summary Quadrant C covers the southern-central and southeastern region of the San Juan Islands. Monument lands in this quadrant include relatively accessible areas on Lopez Island and small rocks and islands around Lopez and Decatur islands. The BLM received 270 comments addressing Quadrant C. The top five topics covered by comments addressing Quadrant A were: trails (109), bicycle use (37), outreach and education (30), signage (30), and equestrian use (29).

In Quadrant C, Cape Saint Mary, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, Lopez Pass, Point Colville, and Watmough Bay received five or more comments. A summary of input on these areas follows the general Quadrant C summary.

Input on human uses and experiences to manage for in Quadrant C Commenters described appreciating lands in Quadrant C for various reasons, including beauty, quiet, and opportunities for experiencing nature, spiritual retreat, and recreational activities. Appreciation was also expressed for the area’s ecological and cultural values, often accompanied by a request for the protection of these values.

The BLM received comments asking that various specific activities be allowed in Quadrant C, either in general or in specific locations. These included camping, hiking/walking, hunting, kayak landing, overnight use for night walking and spiritual retreats, and equestrian and bicycle access. Some requested that the BLM work toward securing overland access for Monument lands that currently have secured public access only from the water. One commenter suggested that, as a general philosophy for Quadrant C, the BLM seek to preserve the Monument lands and uses as they were at the time of designation.

13 A few commenters suggested adding or enhancing visitor facilities such as toilets, benches, and bird blinds at particular Quadrant C locations. Some suggested that signage be developed to clarify trails, provide information on what is allowed or prohibited in different areas, provide information on the area’s values and history, educate visitors on Leave No Trace principles, and delineate property boundaries. Outreach programs such as educational hikes focused on the area’s ecological and cultural values were also requested.

The BLM received input requesting that particular areas in Quadrant C— including Cape Saint Mary, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, and Point Colville—be managed for quiet and solitude, and, in some cases, for a more local user group. Some commenters asked that there be no signage or outreach about these areas to prevent their overuse. Expressing a different point of view, one commenter described lands in Quadrant C as “not Lopez secret places,” and requested that they be managed to “allow others the opportunity to experience what we so highly value.” Another noted that he or she can, to some extent, experience quiet on the south Lopez Monument lands by choosing less popular times to visit.

While most comments on small rocks and islands in Quadrant C were focused on restricting human use, two requested that low tide access to Outer Bay Rocks be allowed. One suggested a contest for local students to name currently unnamed rocks.

Input on restricting or prohibiting human uses in Quadrant C Commenters requested that the BLM either prohibit, or require permits for, public access to many of Quadrant C’s small rocks and islands, as well as to Cape Saint Mary. These requests were generally linked to a particular area’s wildlife habitat or vegetation. One commenter requested seasonal restrictions on tourists at Watmough Bay; another suggested that the BLM consider limiting visitor numbers at Iceberg Point. Other suggestions for limiting visitors at Iceberg Point included requiring permits for groups of more than 10 and keeping parking for this area limited.

The BLM received comments requesting that an array of specific activities be prohibited either in the whole of Quadrant C or in particular locations. These included boat landing, camping and other overnight use, campfires, drone use, hunting and the discharge of firearms, smoking and other tobacco use, dog walking (in some cases just unleashed dogs), and equestrian, bicycle, and motorized access. Seasonal restrictions were also suggested for equestrian and bicycle access.

Input on trails in Quadrant C Comments on trails in Quadrant C included requests to maintain the current level of trail access, to close trails and streamline the current network, to build new trails either generally or in specific areas. One commenter suggested that developing additional trails would disperse visitors and enhance solitude.

Suggestions for new trails in Quadrant C focused on the northeast portion of Chadwick Hill, the northern portion of Iceberg Point, and the northwest portion of Point Colville. Others requested that no new trails be built, either in specific areas or across the quadrant. Specific trails and sensitive areas were also identified for trail closure. These requests were often linked to protecting meadows, lichens, and mosses.

Several commenters suggested clearly marking the trails and requiring visitors to stay on them as a means of reducing social trails and impacts to ecological values. A couple of commenters suggested making

14 trails one way if non-pedestrian (e.g., equestrian or bicycle) access would be allowed. Another requested that trails remain open to travel in both directions.

Additional input not otherwise captured for Quadrant C Commenters described sensitive and/or important habitat and cultural values associated with areas in Quadrant C. In addition to requests for the management of human uses to protect these values, the BLM received a variety of suggestions for resource management, including invasive plant removal, meadow and marsh restoration, erosion control, preparing for fire on the landscape, and management to enhance old forest characteristics. Suggested tools for management included grazing, cutting and removing trees and shrubs, “earthworks” to control erosion, and use of fire on the land. Some commenters requested management to protect or enhance particular species, including camas and reindeer moss. A couple of comments requested that the area of critical environmental concern (ACEC) designation be retained for the Monument lands on the south end of Lopez Island.

Quadrant C—Cape Saint Mary Cape Saint Mary is approximately 3 acres and is currently accessible to the public only through a challenging water landing. It has no recreational facilities.

The majority of comments addressing Cape Saint Mary requested that the area remain undeveloped and unadvertised. Some commenters requested that it be entirely closed to recreational use, while others suggested that it be managed for solitude and kept free of trails. Some asked that the BLM work to establish legal, overland access to this area. Another noted that the area is not well known and requested a map of all possible hikes on Lopez Island.

One commenter described the area as fragile and another requested the protection of a locally rare plant.

Quadrant C—Chadwick Hill Chadwick Hill is part of a contiguous area of Monument land on Lopez Island that also includes Watmough Bay and Point Colville. The BLM estimates that Chadwick Hill received 3,700 visitors in 2014. It has over three miles of trail and no visitor facilities.

Commenters described appreciating Chadwick Hill for various reasons, including its beauty, vistas, “mystical” woods and mosses, quiet, solitude, primarily local use, and opportunities for exercise, hiking, and equestrian use.

The BLM received a range of input on managing human uses on Chadwick Hill. For trails, comments ranged from requesting that the trail system be maintained as it is, to suggestions that the system be streamlined and specific trails closed, to requests for new trails. One commenter suggested that additional

15 trails could disperse use to improve solitude. Some commenters requested one way trails to reduce user conflict, while others suggested keeping trails open to two way use. The BLM received both requests to close and requests to maintain the scramble trail between Chadwick Hill and Watmough Bay. Similarly, some commenters asked that Chadwick Marsh and the northeast portion of Chadwick Hill have no trails, while others asked for the development or maintenance of trails in these areas.

Perspectives on managing specific activities also varied. Some commenters requested that activities including camping, hunting, and equestrian, bicycle, and motorized access be prohibited on Chadwick Hill. Others asked that hunting, overnight use for spiritual retreats, and equestrian and bicycle access be allowed in this area. Seasonal closures for equestrian and bicycle access were also proposed. Two commenters also requested bird blinds at Chadwick Marsh.

Signage at Chadwick Hill was requested for the following purposes: to prevent visitors from becoming lost, to keep people from entering adjacent private land, and to provide information about resource protection, trail information, and the history of the area. Others requested that recreational opportunities at Chadwick Hill not be promoted and/or that signage be prohibited or kept to a bare minimum.

In addition to comments addressing human use on Chadwick Hill, the BLM received suggestions for management of the area’s vegetation and habitats. These suggestions included horse logging to manage for old growth characteristics, the removal of all non-native species, and the restoration of Chadwick Marsh.

Quadrant C—Iceberg Point Lopez Island’s Iceberg Point, which is approximately 80 acres, received by far the most comments (97) of any specific location in the Monument. The area has no facilities and nearly four miles of trail. Most visitors park at nearby Agate Beach County Park. By land, Iceberg Point is only accessible through private property; the area is also accessible from the water. The BLM estimates that Iceberg Point received approximately 15,300 visitors in 2014.

Commenters described appreciating Iceberg Point for various reasons, including its beauty, openness, quiet, and opportunities for solitude, wildlife watching, and exercise. Some described Iceberg Point as having rare and/or sensitive plants and lichens, as well as culturally important plants such as camas. Suggestions to protect these values included closing the meadows and/or balds to recreational use, limiting visitation if values are being affected, requiring groups of 10 or more to acquire permits, adding benches to protect meadows from sitting/picnicking, fencing off sensitive areas, requiring visitors to stay on trail, and closing social trails.

Numerous comments asked that the BLM streamline the trail system and close at least some of the social trails, though a few requested that the current Iceberg Point trails be maintained. New trails were suggested to expand access to locations along the water and to the area’s northern shore. One comment

16 requested that new trails not be built along the area’s northern shore. Requiring visitors to stay on trail was also suggested as a way to reduce impacts to ecological values.

A range of approaches to managing specific activities at Iceberg Point were proposed. Some commenters requested the prohibition of various activities, including camping, campfires, discharge of firearms, hunting, off-leash dogs, drones, smoking, and bicycle, equestrian, and motorized access. Others requested the continuation of hunting, facilitation of on-leash dog walking, management for quiet and solitude, and access for bikes to at least part of the area, with potential seasonal closures to this use. Other suggestions included allowing access to the area for night walking and adding visitor facilities, such as toilets.

A few commenters requested that there be no signage or advertisement about Iceberg Point. Another requested that “others” be given the opportunity to experience what “we value so highly.” Signage was also suggested for the following purposes: to help visitors find the trailhead, to notify visitors that they must stay on trails, to delineate designated trails and sensitive areas, and to provide educational information on the area’s values and on Leave No Trace principles. Some suggested that trails be delineated using rope or natural materials.

A number of commenters requested the expansion of parking near Iceberg Point. Another suggested working to relocate the road, which is not located on BLM land, to improve access to the area. One commenter requested that parking not be expanded in order to minimize potential increases in use.

The BLM received an array of comments on vegetation management at Iceberg Point. Several of these comments suggested treatments—including fire, grazing, and tree removal—to maintain or expand the meadows and enhance habitat for specific plant species, including camas. Others requested the removal of encroaching shrubs and roses. One comment requested the protection from deer of the conifers growing in the meadow.

Quadrant C—Point Colville Point Colville is part of a contiguous area of Monument land on Lopez Island that also includes Chadwick Hill and Watmough Bay. The BLM estimates that Point Colville received 3,500 visitors in 2014. It has approximately 1.4 miles of trail and no visitor facilities. A small parking area is located at the Point Colville trailhead.

Commenters described appreciating Point Colville for various reasons, including its relatively low visitation, solitude, primarily local use, and opportunities for exercise and a “very spiritual walk.” The area was also described as having sensitive ecological values, particularly lichens and mosses.

Requests regarding trails at Point Colville ranged from narrowing the trail network to just the access trail and loop, to closing or maintaining particular trails, to expanding the trail system in specific areas.

17 Closing social trails over rocky outcrops was suggested to protect lichens and mosses; a commenter also suggested prohibiting access to Point Colville’s wetland. A few asked for the establishment of trails in the northwest portion of Point Colville; others requested improved beach access. Limiting or closing the parking lot, and potentially expanding parking near Watmough Bay, were also suggested.

Several activities were suggested for exclusion from Point Colville, including hunting, camping, and equestrian, bike, and motorized access. Other commenters requested that hunting and equestrian access be allowed in this area. A few requested that the area be managed for a feeling of solitude.

One of the more common themes of comments about Point Colville was a desire to restrict outreach and signage about this site. Some commenters linked this interest to protecting sensitive resources or to limiting visitation to maintain solitude and the area’s local feel. Others requested signage to promote Leave No Trace principles, delineate trails, and increase awareness of property lines.

Quadrant C—Lopez Pass Lopez Pass encompasses less than 2 acres on Lopez Island. It is accessible only by water and has no visitor facilities. It has a small network of trails.

Several commenters requested the continuation or establishment of kayak landing and camping opportunities at Lopez Pass. Maintained trails, bird blinds, and access for permitted, overnight visioning and coming of age retreats were also requested.

One commenter requested that the BLM seek legal, overland access to Lopez Pass, to support opportunities for hikers.

Quadrant C—Watmough Bay Watmough Bay is part of a contiguous area of Monument land on Lopez Island that also includes Chadwick Hill and Point Colville. The BLM estimates that Watmough Bay received 17,500 visitors in 2014. The trailhead includes a parking area, informational kiosk, vault toilet, and bike rack. The bay itself, which is outside of BLM-jurisdiction, has three mooring buoys and is a popular summer boating destination.

Commenters described appreciating Watmough Bay for various reasons, including its beauty, quiet, and opportunities for exercise, spiritual retreat, and observing the natural world. Some noted that this is a popular location for summer visitors and boaters. Others described the area as having important cultural and ecological values, including eelgrass and habitat for Puget Sound Chinook salmon in the bay itself.

18 Requests regarding trails at Watmough Bay ranged from maintaining current trails and uses, to closing specific trails, to building new trails either in specific locations or generally. One commenter requested that the loop trail at Watmough Bay remain open (but be rerouted if it crosses private land), while another requested that the trails behind the parking lot be closed to protect sensitive cultural values. Appreciation was expressed for the connecting trail between Watmough Bay and Point Colville; commenters also suggested that this trail be clarified or rerouted and for an additional trail to be built to make this into a loop. The BLM received requests for the prohibition of a variety of activities at Watmough Bay, including hunting, camping, lighting campfires, smoking/tobacco use, digging on beach, landing boats on the beach, taking of peregrine chicks for falconry, recreating with unleashed dogs, and equestrian, bike, and motorized access. The suggested restrictions on digging and boat landing were tied to an interest in protecting eelgrass and salmon habitat. One commenter described the area as a spiritual haven and requested seasonal restrictions on tourists to preserve this. Others commenters requested that equestrian and bicycle use be allowed, at least seasonally. A couple suggested improving the vault toilet at the trailhead. Signage at Watmough Bay was proposed for the following purposes: to clarify land boundaries, to notify visitors that they must stay on trail, and to provide information on resource protection and the area’s values and history. Quadrant D—General Summary Quadrant D covers the northeastern region of the San Juan Islands. Monument lands in this quadrant are primarily small rocks and islands--along with two headlands--around and/or on Lummi and Eliza islands. The BLM received 20 comments specifically addressing Quadrant D. The top six topics (two tied for fifth) addressed for Quadrant D were: sensitive wildlife and habitat (7), temporary or permanent closures to human use (6), trails (5), permits (5), boat access (2), and sensitive vegetation (2).

In Quadrant D, Lummi Rocks and Chuckanut Rocks received five or more comments; a summary of input on these areas follows the general Quadrant D summary.

Input on human uses and experiences to manage for in Quadrant D Most comments requesting the facilitation of human uses in Quadrant D focused on Eliza and Carter points. One requested that boat landing continue to be allowed at these locations, while another requested that the BLM explore developing access to Carter Point from the rest of Lummi Island, rather than by boat. A commenter also requested that deer hunting be managed at Carter Point and suggested collaborating with tribal partners on this activity.

Maintaining the trail at Eliza Point through community partnerships was recommended in two comments. Another suggested working with the local community to extend the benefits of Eliza Point to non-island residents.

19 A comment addressing Quadrant D in general requested Leave No Trace signage within this quadrant.

Input on restricting or prohibiting human uses in Quadrant D The majority of comments on Quadrant D requested some level of human use restriction. These varied from requests for the permanent closure of specific areas, to requests that human use be by permit only, to requests for seasonal closures. In most cases, requests for restrictions were linked to a particular area’s sensitive wildlife and habitat. One commenter requested that only human powered craft be allowed near shore. Another expressed concerns about camping on Lummi Rocks.

Input on trails in Quadrant D All comments requesting that trails be maintained were focused on Carter and Eliza points. One suggested developing a new trail at Carter Point.

One comment requested that trails and general recreational access be excluded from Lummi Rocks.

Additional input not otherwise captured for Quadrant D Many of the comments received on Quadrant D described the wildlife and habitat values of Monument lands in this quadrant. All comments received on Quadrant D were tied to requests to maintain or restrict human uses of the area.

Quadrant D—Chuckanut Rocks Chuckanut Rocks are a small grouping of rocks with no visitor facilities. Sea kayaking is popular in this area.

All of the comments addressing Chuckanut Rocks focused on restricting human use. These comments requested that access to the rocks be prohibited or by permit only. Most comments linked the requested restrictions to the area’s value for seabird nesting and/or marine mammal haul-outs.

Quadrant D—Lummi Rocks The area known as Lummi Rocks encompasses a small island and a series of rocks. There are no facilities, but the area is popular for boating and picnicking.

Several comments described Lummi Rocks as important for wildlife habitat, particularly seabird nesting. One commenter requested that seasonal access be allowed, while others asked that recreational access be prohibited or by permit only. Concern was expressed about the possibility of camping on Lummi Rocks.

Summary of Input by Human Use This section of the report summarizes input by human use activity. While much of this input is also addressed in the area-based summaries, the BLM received many comments that were not specific to a

20 particular location or quadrant and so were not captured in the section above. This section covers only comments on human uses, though the BLM will consider all comments as it develops the draft plan.

Bicycle access The BLM received many comments requesting the prohibition of bicycles either in specific locations or generally within the Monument. Areas specifically identified in these requests included Cattle Point, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, Indian Island, and Watmough Bay. Some commenters provided justifications for these requests, including that this use would disturb the area’s ecological values and ambiance. Others stated that prohibiting bicycles would be consistent with the management of adjacent land and that opportunities for this activity exist outside of the Monument.

The BLM also received comments requesting that bicycle access be allowed in specific locations or generally throughout the Monument. Areas specifically identified for this use were Cattle Point, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, and Watmough Bay. In most cases, comments requesting bicycle access suggested that it only be allowed on certain trails or that areas only be open to bicycle use seasonally. Two commenters suggested making trails one-way if bicycles are allowed.

Boat landing The BLM received a variety of comments addressing the landing of boats on Monument lands. Some expressed appreciation of kayak landing and other boating opportunities currently available on and around Monument lands. Commenters identified specific places they would like to see remain open to landings; others requested that all, or nearly all, Monument locations be open to landings. In some cases, commenters specified that they would like to see landing allowed only by human powered vessels.

The BLM also received requests to restrict recreational landings at certain sites. Boat landing restrictions were explicitly requested at Watmough Bay and Indian Island. Commenters also suggested that public access, and presumably recreational boat landing, be prohibited on certain rocks and islands. Others more broadly suggested that access be prohibited to small rocks and islands that provide wildlife habitat or that are less than 0.5 acres.

Camping and other overnight uses Many camping related comments requested that the activity be prohibited in specific locations or generally throughout the Monument. Specific locations included all Monument lands on Lopez Island, Parks Bay Island, Skull Island, Kellett Bluff, and Trinka Rock. Others requested that there be no camping outside of existing designated sites.

The BLM also received comments expressing appreciation for opportunities to camp in currently designated sites and/or requesting that these opportunities continue. Two of these comments suggested moving the location of some current sites. Commenters also expressed an interest in camping at Lopez Pass. One commenter requested that all Monument lands large enough to accommodate camping be open to this activity. Another suggested that camping is “probably okay in many locations.”

In addition to comments about recreational camping, the BLM also received requests for night use of Monument lands for other purposes. Nighttime walking for moon and stargazing was requested at Iceberg Point. Several comments requested overnight use for coming-of-age and visioning retreats. Areas

21 suggested for this use included Kellett Bluff, Turn Point, Posey Island, Lopez Pass, Chadwick Hill, and uninhabited small rocky islands. Some suggested that this activity be by permit only.

Campfires The majority of comments related to campfires requested that they be prohibited in specific locations or throughout the Monument. Specific locations suggested for prohibitions included Indian Island, Patos Island, Parks Bay Island, Skull Island, Trinka Rock, Turn Point, and the Monument lands on Lopez Island. Other commenters requested that fires be prohibited outside of designated camping sites. One commenter who requested that campfires be prohibited clarified that cooking stoves should be allowed.

One commenter requested that campfires be allowed “where it makes sense.” Another suggested that small campfires are “probably okay” in many Monument locations during low risk times of year.

Commercial and/or competitive recreation The BLM received a small number of comments related to commercial activities within the Monument. Two requested that the group size for commercial recreation activities be limited, while another suggested that the BLM generally “control” commercial operations. One commenter also requested that if commercial operators are using McConnell Rocks that they either be prohibited from this use or required to obtain a permit. The BLM also received two comments requesting that competitive events be prohibited within the Monument.

Fishing and shellfish harvest The BLM received two comments related to fishing and shellfish harvesting. One suggested that general public access be prohibited at certain small rocks and islands in Quadrant C but that access for intertidal harvesting should be allowed. The other requested that fishing and shellfish harvest be prohibited throughout the Monument.

Hiking and walking The BLM received comments expressing appreciation for hiking and walking opportunities on Monument lands. Some described hiking and walking as a way of experiencing the area’s beauty, quiet, and cultural and spiritual values, as well as for wildlife watching and exercise. One described hiking as “the main activity on the Lopez portion of [the Monument].” Another requested opportunities for night walking for moon and stargazing at Iceberg Point.

Many comments addressed the trail network on which the majority of hiking and walking take place. Some broadly suggested that social trails should be closed, that no additional trails should be built, or that trails should be located away from sensitive sites throughout the Monument. Other commenters identified specific trails they would like to see closed or maintained, as well as new trails they would like to see developed. Areas identified for new trails by multiple commenters included the northeast portion of Chadwick Hill, the northwest portion of Point Colville, the northeastern shore of Iceberg Point, and the east side of Patos Island. Other commenters requested that these areas remain trail-free.

Some commenters suggested that hiking and walking be restricted to designated trails. Closing trails seasonally was also suggested as a way to protect sensitive resources.

Hunting and the discharge of firearms

22 The majority of comments related to hunting requested that this activity be prohibited in specific areas or throughout the Monument. Specific areas for which a prohibition was requested included Cattle Point, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, Point Colville, Turn Point, and Watmough Bay. One commenter requested that the discharge of firearms be prohibited at Iceberg Point. Some commenters tied the request to prohibit hunting to concerns about the safety of other users in the area.

The BLM also received comments requesting that hunting opportunities be retained at specific locations or generally in the Monument. Specific locations identified in these requests included Carter Point, Cattle Point, Iceberg Point, Point Colville, and Turn Point. One commenter suggested potentially collaborating with tribes and tribal youth on hunting at Turn Point and Carter Point. Another suggested prohibiting other activities one day a week to allow hunting to occur.

Outreach and education The BLM received many comments related to outreach and education. These comments addressed both outreach and education methods and the content that should be conveyed.

Suggestions for educational and interpretive content included: the area’s sensitive cultural and ecological values and how to protect them, Leave no Trace principles, private property lines and issues, allowed and prohibited uses of Monument lands, tribal heritage associated with Monument lands, the Cascadia Marine Trail, and advice on places to anchor boats. Commenters suggested an array of methods for communicating this content. On-site methods included signage and kiosks, trail maps, museum spaces (at Turn Point), educational walks, management of specific locations primarily for educational experiences, boat trips to less accessible Monument locations, and on-site docents and volunteer educators. Ideas for off-site education and outreach included press releases and columns in local publications, websites and social media, digital applications, and posters on the ferries.

The BLM also received comments requesting that no outreach or advertising be undertaken for particular locations within the Monument or, in a few cases, for the Monument as a whole. Specific areas addressed in these comments included Cape Saint Mary, Chadwick Hill, and Point Colville. Some of these comments requested that there be no signage, advertisement or outreach, or digital application content for these locations. In some cases, commenters linked requests to limit outreach and signage to the overuse of sensitive areas and the loss of solitude and a more local experience.

Experiencing solitude and quiet Some commenters described an appreciation for quiet and solitude on Monument lands. The BLM received requests for specific locations—including Cape Saint Mary, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, and Point Colville—to be managed to continue to provide this experience. To promote quiet and solitude commenters suggested prohibiting bikes and motor vehicles, maintaining long trails that allow for personal space, and reserving certain areas for quiet strolling.

One commenter noted that he or she can, to some extent, experience quiet on the south Lopez Monument lands by choosing less popular times to visit. A few suggested prohibiting Navy training flights, which are outside of the BLM’s jurisdiction, or setting noise control levels that might constrain these flights.

23 Equestrian use The BLM received numerous comments both from individuals requesting that equestrian use be prohibited within the Monument and from individuals requesting that this activity be allowed. Some commenters requested that equestrian use be prohibited throughout the Monument; others identified specific areas from which they would like to see this use excluded, including Cattle Point, Chadwick Hill, Iceberg Point, Point Colville, Indian Island, and Watmough Bay. One commenter described Monument lands as not suitable for more intensive uses than hiking; another wrote that there are opportunities for equestrian use outside of the Monument.

Some commenters requested general equestrian access to the Monument, while others requested equestrian access for specific areas, including Chadwick Hill, Point Colville, and Watmough Bay. In some cases, commenters suggested that this use should be seasonal and/or limited to certain trails. In requesting equestrian access, some commenters referred to the history of this use on Monument lands, while others described the difficulty of finding off-road equestrian opportunities elsewhere.

Mobility impaired access One commenter suggested that the BLM identify and publicize opportunities within the Monument for mobility impaired visitors. Others clarified that their comments about restricting non-pedestrian uses did not apply to wheelchairs.

Motorized use Most comments addressing motorized vehicle use requested that it be prohibited throughout the Monument or in specific locations, including Cattle Point, Chadwick Hill, Indian Island, Point Colville, and Watmough Bay. The BLM did receive a few comments requesting opportunities for motorized vehicle use on Monument lands. Two of these requests did not specify a particular part of the Monument; one requested motorized access to Indian Island.

Flying of drones and other unmanned aircraft The BLM received a few comments on the use of drones and other unmanned aircraft. All comments on this topic requested that this activity be restricted or prohibited.

Research The BLM received several comments addressing research within the Monument. A few comments requesting the prohibition of public access to specific Monument lands described research as a purpose that should be exempted from this prohibition. One commenter requested that current research at Indian Island be allowed to continue. Another asked that researchers not be given special access to Monument lands and be required to follow the same use restrictions as the general public. The BLM was also asked to require permits for all research activities and to develop and approve citizen science methods.

Recreating with pets Comments addressing recreating with pets (in most cases dogs were specified) within the Monument generally requested restrictions on this activity. In some cases, a prohibition on pets was requested, while in others leash requirements were suggested. Some commenters linked requests to prohibit pets or require leashes to habitat protection. Two commenters suggested that bags be provided to facilitate responsible dog walking.

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Smoking and other tobacco use The BLM received a few comments requesting the prohibition of smoking or general tobacco use. One comment connected this request to a concern about fire risk and trash.

Tribal use A few comments encouraged the use and stewardship of the lands by Coast Salish communities. Another described the importance of the BLM working with tribal partners to protect cultural values. Several also referred to culturally important plants, such as camas.

Visitor facilities Comments requested a variety of visitor facilities at specific Monument locations. These included benches at Iceberg Point and Cattle Point, picnic facilities at Kellett Bluff, bird blinds at Lopez Pass and Chadwick Hill, and new or improved toilets at Patos, Turn Point, Iceberg Point, and Watmough Bay. Other commenters requested that the Monument, or specific locations within it, remain relatively undeveloped, with few or no structures on the land.

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Appendix A Workshop Agenda Charrette Agenda San Juan Islands National Monument Planning Human Use and Trails Outreach Workshops/ Participatory Mapping Exercise January 25-28, 2016

Check-in and Registration 5:00 to 5:30 Workshop Kickoff Presentations: 5:30 to 5:50 • Opening Remarks: Marcia deChadenedes, Monument Manager • Community Partner Remarks: Member of the Monument Advisory Committee • Preliminary Range of Alternatives for Human Uses: Lauren Pidot, Planner • Nuts and Bolts of the Charrette: Zach Jarrett, Recreation Planner/Chris Knauf, Travel and Transportation Planner Transition to Mapping Stations (5 Minutes) Mapping Stations 5:55 to 7:35 • Three rounds of 30 minutes each with a five minute transition between stations Transition from Mapping Stations to Wrap-Up (5 minutes) Report Out and Q&A 7:40-8:00

26 Appendix B—Workshop Maps

Map A1—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops 27 Map A1a—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops

28 Map A1b—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops 29 Map B1—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops 30 Map B1a—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops 31 Map B1b—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops 32 Map C1—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops

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Map C1a—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops

34 Map D1—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops

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Map D1a—San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Workshops 36