The Funeral of Welcome from the Superintendent Jerry Hawn Park Ranger The National Mall & Memorial Parks is where In recent been an officer with the Revolu- State House as people came from America and the world come years, park tionary forces and a close associate the surrounding countryside to ob- to reflect, honor, and cele- rangers on of Washington for many years. He serve the ceremony. The splendid brate. As part of the National the National gave his speech on December 26, and somber march, accompanied Park System, we provide op- Mall were 1799. Mr. Lee’s words still echo by the sounding of muffled drums, actively in- with Americans after over two cen- proceeded through Philadelphia a portunities for use and enjoy- volved with turies: little past noon. A riderless horse, ment of the park for all while funerals for “First in war, first in peace and escorted by two marines wearing preserving the cultural and former Presi- first in the hearts of his country- black scarves, preceded the clergy. natural treasures of our na- dent Reagan men, he was second to none in In the Pennsylvania Gazette it was tion’s capital for future gen- and former the humble and endearing reported that the horse carried an President Ford. These events scenes of private life. Pious, just, empty saddle, holsters, pistols, and erations. Every one of us is seemed to overtake the emotions humane, temperate and sin- boots reversed in the stirrups. The dedicated to serving, educat- of the nation for several days and cere—uniform, dignified and horse also was "trimmed with ing, and inspiring visitors even weeks. As you stand at the commanding—his example was black—the head festooned with about the memorials and their base of the Washington Monument as edifying to all around him as elegant black and white feathers and reflect on the life of George were the effects of that exam- the American Eagle displayed in a place in our national heritage. Washington, how do you think the ple lasting. . . . Correct through- rose upon the breast, and in a I know you will enjoy the nation responded to his death? out, vice shuddered in his pres- feather upon the head." In the many interpretative programs On December 14, 1799, George ence and virtue always felt his midst of the procession, pallbearers provided by park rangers and Washington died at his estate at fostering hand. The purity of his carried an empty casket. Arriving at Mount Vernon, Virginia. The na- private character gave efful- the German Lutheran Church, the I hope that your visit to the tion had to deal with the loss of a gence to his public virtues. . . . bier was put in the middle of the National Mall & Memorial true leader of the young nation. Such was the man for whom center aisle, and members of Con- Parks will be a wonderful ex- Washington led the troops to vic- our nation mourns.” gress and other participants heard perience. tory. He advanced the process of Mock funerals were held all over prayers by the Reverend William creating the new form of govern- the country. Perhaps, the most White, a bishop of the Episcopal ment. He became the first leader memorable of these funerals took Church in the . Con- Stephen Lorenzetti for a newly formed government. place on December 26, 1799, in gressman Henry Lee read his eulogy Acting Superintendent Now…this man was gone. How Philadelphia, which was serving as from above before a crowd re- National Mall & Memorial Parks would the nation react? the nation’s “temporary” capital ported to be. The memorial service Some of the most well known for 10 years while the new federal concluded with vocal and instru- words describing George Washing- city was being constructed. The mental music, and the firing of ton came in a eulogy delivered by many mock funerals took place three volleys. "Light-Horse Harry" Lee. After over a period of several weeks. hearing of Washington's death, the The firing of sixteen cannons at United States Congress which was day break in Philadelphia signaled meeting in Philadelphia, chose Mr. the beginning of funeral events on Lee to deliver a tribute for the the 26th, and volleys repeated on a whole country. Lee, who was serv- half hour basis through out the ing as a Virginia Congressman, had morning. Troops assembled at the

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Ranger Programs General Information National Mall & Memorial Parks 900 Ohio Drive SW National Mall Bicycle Tours Page 2 Washington Monument Tickets Page 4 Washington, DC 20024 Walking Tours Page 2,3 Ford’s Theatre Page 4 Urban Campfire Programs Page 3 Old Post Office Tower Page 4 Phone: (202) 233-3520 Fireside Chat Program Page4 Internet: www..nps.gov/nama Daily Ranger Programs Page 4

Radio: 1670 am

National Mall & Memorial Parks Newspaper • September 2007, Volume 1 Issue 1 Saturday, September 29, 2007 People of DC, Famous Names, Bike Tours Sunday, September 16, 2007 Extraordinary Stories On This Date in History For description see September 8. “Great in life, he was…great Join National Park Service Rangers every Saturday and Sunday for in death” Sunday, September 30, 2007 FREE guided bike tours of the Nation’s Capital. All tours start at Unexplored Tales of the City 1:00 p.m. from the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Plaza (at the base In 1881, just sixteen years after American Gold Star Mothers: of the memorial steps) and last approximately three hours. All the death of , The “supreme sacrifice of riders must have their own bike, helmet, and water. another assassin’s bullet cut motherhood” short the life of an American Saturday, September 8, 2007 President here in Washington, Why and when did the U.S. People of DC, Famous Names, D.C. Explore the life and brief Congress declare, “the last Extraordinary Stories presidency of James A. Garfield Sunday in September shall that visits the numerous sites of hereafter be designated and Get to know the people behind the Nation’s Capital where the known as ‘Gold Star Mother’s the city. See and hear how the tragic story of Garfield lives on Day?’” Learn the answer to that influential personalities of barely noticed or recognized. question and others such as, Washington, DC have affected “who are Gold Star Mothers?” the city, the landscape, the Sunday, September 16, 2007 and “where is the World War architecture, and the culture of Family Tour The Hunt is on! One Memorial?” Trace the his- the Nation’s Capital over time. The search for symbols on tory of this organization back to Presidents, First Ladies, the National Mall its World War I origin. Discover, Saturday, September 1,2007 Governors and Mayors, authors, 2:30-4:30 p.m. as well, the many ways by which History of the Mall poets, famous and infamous the United States has honored Explore the History of characters alike have helped Have you ever wondered if there its veterans of the Great War America’s Front Yard shape the history of is anything hidden inside the and how the Gold Star Mothers Washington, DC. These people monuments and memorials on helped create the District of The history of the National Mall have helped influence not only the National Mall? If you did, Columbia World War Memorial. is as diverse and fascinating as the city, but the entire nation. you’re right! There are symbols, the history of our nation itself. These are their stories. some in plain view, others From George Washington’s hidden, which are clues about vision of the Federal City to the the person or event being me- Walking Tours District of Columbia of today, morialized that help visitors how has this span of green space better understand the structure. Walking Tour: Constitution in the heart of the Nation’s Capi- Plants, animals, and even Avenue Past and Present tal been altered over time? How different types of stone have 10:00 am September 29 has this area been influenced by meaning. You just need to 2-3 hours. great natural, cultural, historical, know where, and what, to look and social events through time? for. What can the leaves at the Wars, Presidents, Parks, and Come see and hear how the World War II Memorial teach us? Canals have something in National Mall has evolved into Who is that man in the painting common. Lace up your favorite what you experience today. at the Lincoln Memorial? What walking shoes and explore Sunday, September 9, 2007 is George Washington leaning Constitution Avenue with Off the Beaten Path on? You will never look at the National Park Service Sunday, September 2, 2007 Discover Lonely and monuments and memorials on Rangers. As you explore one of Unexplored Tales of the City Overlooked Landmarks the National Mall the same way the significant avenues of the Freemasons and the creation again! Nation’s Capital, learn the of Washington, DC You may have seen them on a history of the area as well as map, driven past them hundreds Parents – Please note; all partici- view some of the landmarks that On Sunday, July 4, 1848, the of times, or even walked up to pants (children and adults) must make Washington D.C. a city for cornerstone for the Washington one of them out of curiosity. have their own bike and helmet. all ages. Meet the rangers at the Monument was officially laid by What are they, who do they Reservations for Family Tours are 17th street entrance to the WWII Grandmaster Benjamin B. memorialize, and, more required. Please call Bike Pro- Memorial. Please bring water, French, of the Grand Lodge of importantly, why are they here? gram Coordinator Ranger Jason comfortable shoes, sunscreen, Free and Accepted Masons, of In a city full of colossal and Martz (202) 438-4391 to make and a hat. For more information the District of Columbia. Using iconic memorials to great people reservations. Space is limited contact Joshua Bernick at the same gavel George and even greater deeds, these (240) 375-5349. Washington wielded many years statues, urns, and symbolic Saturday, September 22, 2007 before when he laid the corner- gestures of friendship and re- Off the Beaten Path stone for the U. S. Capitol, membrance can be found all Discover Lonely and French declared “This corner- over DC, yet, their stories have Overlooked Landmarks stone is now ready to receive the gone largely untold, until now. superstructure which is to rise Find out the stories of these For description see September 9. above it.” While neither corner- lonely landmarks from our stone is visible today, the rich Rangers. Sunday, September 23, 2007 history and influence of Unexplored Tales of the City Freemasons can still be seen Literature and the National Mall throughout Washington D.C. Saturday, September 15, 2007 This tour will investigate the History of the Mall Over the years, the beautiful truths and myths that surround Explore the History of monuments and memorials of this sometime mysterious group. America’s Front Yard the National Mall have inspired untold millions, including nu- For description see September 1 merous authors, poets, and playwrights. Learn more about the fascinating associations be- tween famous authors and the memorials of the National Mall.

2 Mall Times

Evening Walking Tours Washington, DC and the Urban Campfire Programs Wednesday, September 19 National Mall: Permanent Lo- Park Ranger Kristi Thiel Come out and enjoy National cation, Changing Vision Mall & Memorial Parks at night Sylvan Theater Civil War Washington as our Rangers present Friday at 7:00 p.m. Washington Monument Through the Eyes of a Poet numerous evening interpretive September 7 and 28 Grounds programs. These programs will Walt Whitman spent ten years take you to familiar locations Why was this location chosen Wednesdays in September in Washington, DC witnessing that you will never see the same for the last of America’s eleven 7:30 p.m. the nation’s struggle through way again! All tours are two capitals? How has the purpose the Civil War, President Lincoln’s hours in length, and are free of and meaning of the two mile Spend the evening in our death and the long recovery charge. Read each description space between the Lincoln Nation’s Capital and experience afterwards. What brought him to find out more and where to Memorial and the Capitol your National Mall & Memorial here, and what inspired him to meet. changed over time? To discover Parks in a unique and interest- stay? Using the good grey poet’s that answer, meet at the ing way. Bring comfortable own words we will retrace his How World War I birthed entrance to the Washington chairs or blankets and spend an footsteps through the Washing- Monty Python or Three Me- Monument. Call Ranger Lowell hour on the Washington ton he knew and ultimately morials in One Evening Fry (202)438-9603) for more Monument grounds in front of uncover the traces he left information. the historic Sylvan Theater at behind. Friday at 7:00 p.m. 15th Street and Independence September 21 "Viva la Revolution”: The Avenue, SW. Also, bring what Wednesday, September 26 South American Rebellion you know about the history of Park Ranger Brad Berger How did the deaths of over 14 from Spain the United States and million persons ironically pro- Washington, D.C. and be “The Monitor is mine:” duce someone like Monty Saturday at 6:00 p.m. prepared to learn new ways of The Man Who Saved Python? How does a small September 1 seeing our great national icons. Lincoln’s Navy obscure monument, which Hear fascinating, yet largely commemorates one of the great The statues along Virginia Ave- overlooked, tales about our In spite of the passage of time, events of the 20th century, nue, NW honor those who capital city and its National Park many Americans happily recall connect to the heavily visited helped the United States ac- Service sites. the Civil War triumphs of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt and quire its freedom as well as legendary USS Monitor. Few, World War II Memorials? How Latin American revolutionary Wednesday, September 5 however, remain aware of the did the assassination of an leaders. Bernardo Galvez Park Ranger Michael Kelly true story behind the archduke, nearly 100 years ago, helped the United States during construction of the ship and the lead to current events in the its revolution; Jose San Martin, The Road to Revolution Runs trials her brilliant designer United States and the world? Simon Bolivar, and Jose Artigas Through the District of suffered to bring her to fruition. Meet at the World War II led rebel forces that liberated Columbia Here is a story of redemption Memorial information booth. twelve million people in South and heroism that contributed to Call Ranger Lowell Fry (202)438- America from 1810-1824. The “I tremble at the conse- the salvation of the American 9603 for more information. tour will start at the entrance to quences,” wrote George Wash- Union. A memorial to the the Foggy Bottom Metro Station ington in 1755 following his Monitor’s builder, a brilliant, yet Who Won the Civil War? (23rd & I Street, NW) and will narrow escape from death in reclusive man, stands in West Slavery, Causes, Conse- end at the intersection of Vir- the frontier wilderness of Potomac Park, with the same quences, and Steps toward ginia and Constitution Avenues, Western Pennsylvania. Find out privacy its honoree yearned for Reconstruction NW. This will be a strenuous how a British military disaster in life. walk and comfortable shoes are there contributed to the rise of Friday at 7:00 p.m. recommended. There are no George Washington, the out- Pennsylvania Avenue Walking

September 14 public restrooms along the break of the American route. For further information, Revolution, and the creation of A hat, good walking shoes, and The obvious answer to that please call Ranger Mike Balis at the Nation’s Capital here on the some water is recommended. question is only partially correct. (202) 438-9710. This tour is free bank of the Potomac River. For more information call: Why has this conflict, that took of charge. Learn the fascinating origin of (202) 606-8691. over 620,000 American lives, such local place names as (the last Civil War veteran died Tracing the path of an un- “Braddock Rock” and Political and Economic th only fifty years ago) been easy peace: 20 century “Camp Hill.” Influence on the Pennsyl- termed “our felt history”? We warfare in America vania Avenue Landscape have to start at the Washington Wednesday, September 12 3:00 PM: September 15, 22, Monument to find out! Meet Sunday at 7:00pm Park Ranger Jason Martz and 29. on the west side (the side facing September 2, 16, 23, 30 the Lincoln Memorial) of the “The sky was brilliantly illu- Monuments Off the Mall th Washington Monument. Call The 20 Century was a violent minated:” The Burning of 10:00 AM: September 23 and 30. Ranger Lowell Fry time that included two world Washington, D.C. 3:00 PM: September 16 and 30. (202) 438-9603 for more wars and a cold war. These information. events would cost the United The War of 1812. On August 24, Street of Fire States dearly in lives but would 1814, Washington D.C. came 10:00 AM: September 16 shape our present, and our under attack and the Capitol and 30. future, on the world stage. and White House were set 3:00 PM: September 23. How did our involvement in the ablaze! American military Great War affect our mindset as defenders fled, as did the Do You Have An Opinion we entered World War II? How President of the United States About Washington, DC? do these two conflicts stand in and the First Lady—all had been 10:00 AM: September 12,19, contrast with the Cold War era forced to watch the destruction and 26 struggles in Korea and Vietnam? of the city. Learn the fascinating, true tale of the The outcome of these defining America's Avenue of Glory 20th century events can still be city’s darkest hour and how na- and Sorrow felt today. Tour begins at the ture and the American spirit 10:00 AM: September 15,22, World War II Memorial Ranger combined to save it—and how and 29.

station. For more information, these events culminated in the

call Ranger Paul O’Brian at creation of our National (202) 438-7066. Anthem.

3 Mall Times Daily Ranger Programs The Washington Monument

Join National Park Service Rangers to learn more about the Open daily (except July 4 and December 25. Monument meaning, symbolism, and significance of the park’s many Lodge opens at 8:30am. All persons who wish to visit the memorials. No prior signup is required and all programs are Monument must have a ticket. One person may pick up to free. Program length varies. For more information contact a six tickets. Park Ranger at each memorial. Programs are offered at the following memorials… Free timed tickets may be obtained in two ways:

World War II Memorial • Tickets may be picked up at the Washington Monument th Lincoln Memorial Lodge (located at the base of the Monument along 15 Thomas Jefferson Memorial Street) on a first come - first serve basis, the morning of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial your visit. Vietnam Veterans Memorial Korean War Veterans Memorial • Tickets may be reserved ahead of time by visiting www.reservations.gov or by calling 1-877-444-6777 (for Scheduled Programs are individuals) or 1-877-559-6777 (for large groups). Presented at: 11:00 am, 1:00 pm, 3:00 pm, 5:00 pm

**Additional programs on request

FDR Fireside Chats

Please meet at the Fireside Chat Statue in Room 2 (The man lis- tening to the radio). Each program will last 30-45 minutes. A short walk is involved, but there will be seating for most of the program. For more information contact Brendan Wilson at (202)438-4098.

11:00 AM and 2:00 PM September 3, 2007 "On the European War" Originally broadcast September 3, 1939. The World is now at war!

FDR responds to the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany as *Note: Groups may only make reservations by calling well as Great Britain and France declaring war. He 1-877-559-6777. Reserved tickets are often booked 30 days discusses America's neutrality and introduces the ahead of time during peak times (spring, summer, weekends, "cash-and-carry" program to the American public, which will and holidays). Please plan accordingly. All reserved tickets be used to aid the Allied effort.

September 11, 2007 Ford’s Theatre "On Maintaining Freedom of the Seas" The evening of Appomattox, VA, a time of Originally broadcast September 11, 1941. April 14, 1865, has forever hope and peace in America inches closer to joining the Second World War! been marked with tragedy. Washington and around Responding the Greer Incident, when an American destroyer On that night, our 16th the country turned to a was attacked by a German submarine, FDR argues for America President, Abraham period of mourning that to become involved in the war. He escalates American support Lincoln, was assassinated in America had never seen of the Allied war effort by ordering warships to protect the Ford’s Theatre by actor before. Lend-Lease convoys and authorizes those ships to fire on John Wilkes Booth. Just German submarines. days after General Lee’s Confederate troops surrendered at

Ford’s Theatre is closed for renovations. Peterson House is open daily 9AM - 5 PM.

Old Post Office Tower The Old Post Office, built between 1892 and 1899, is home to the Bells of Congress, which were a present from England on our Nation’s Bicentennial. From the observation deck, located 270 feet above the street level, the visitor can get a spectacular view of our nation’s capital.

Operating Hours “Monuments, and reservations, which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic Summer: Begins 1st weekend in objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for June through Labor Day, 9:00 a.m. - the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by 7:45 p.m. (Monday through Friday) such means as will leave them unimpaired for the Saturday, Sunday and Holidays enjoyment of future generations.” 10 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Winter: (Labor Day through -National Park Service Organic Act- Memorial Day): 9:00 a.m. - 4:45 p.m. Monday through Friday. Weekends For more information -August 25, 1916- and Holidays, 10 am to 5:45 p.m. call (202)606-9686. 4 Mall Times