AA-229 Sudley, (Cumberstone)
Architectural Survey File
This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps.
Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.
All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.
Last Updated: 06-11-2004 o~oi.aC\ 2.as AA-229 Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE· (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland COUNl'V· t NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Anne Arundel INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY 1--·-~--~-:;;;~~~R-·- --r-o" re:·- (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) r I
L':~·~------·------. -~-- C OMfAON Sudley - AND'OR t-11STORIC: ___ GCumbers__ ------tone 1 0 !.?.· l~r~~: r ~rn: NUMflERI West sld_e_of-ora-su"C1iey rfoad~ west of Maryland I /_R~.'!~~-~_6__ Bj___~_rnj.l.-_~~--~9_u~~~~-~~-!-~~-~~_?!io~~~~EI:~an!!~-~-te 255_.J '.lf{ on l(JWN: anu MaryJ..anLl 1'0Ute 468., l West River 0 J~~~y~a:'d 20 001 . J ';~· l' """1mne Arun-ae1 K%fj [f CLASSIFICATION I -i-- - - CA HGORY. - -- -,------~~~-;f~P. - - --i--· STATU~ ACCE:SSl!ILf "j z ~~-~::~,!c~lu·~ ~~~~Building] I -Pob;;; Mio<,;;:;:;;;,,---- ·---1~; O
l_J Ob1oct I I lloth [ J Being Con•idered I I PreservoloOn work I I Unr~strocted on progreu l Kl No I
LI PRESENT USE (Chc/fy) J Educotoonal .I Militocy [ I Relig'.ov> ------2!nt:rtainmenl [:J Museum [_J Sci:.~:-_ 4. OWNER OF PROPERTY ·------=------~ z •:lWNER"S N-;;;:;;E,------·------·------···--·--·----~ Mrs. T. Harrunond Welsh ------·le ti w STREET AND NUMBER: : '< w 10ld Sudley Road ' I-' ------fSTATsTAT·.=-:------
1 Maryland ------.. ------LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRll-'TION 2~-;;~-rnt ,-,-
l~~---~--T~-_0_~_,_;_:uR~~~~RY c_0~~n_r-_-~-~- - ~T~urthouse ------11 5" 0 ~REET JINO NIJMBER: ------·------·------·- --!~ :~ I Church Circle ------e ('TT OR TOWI•: F' F ""''' I
J:;:-~::.~ON I~ J~IS_TIN~_vE y S- --- ~~.~ -~ --Maryl and 214 0-l-~~;,; ]/I z]
l~~;;i~~n~E~egister of Historic Sites and Landmarks , r " lo~-;;-;~-;-vo: -=1§70------f:-j -F-~der~I I~ Stote '. J C~-;,n~~--- rL-0~;1 - - . f - ; ~ tDEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: ------"-1 C Z !Maryland Historical Trust i ~I~ sTR-EET-A~-NuMa·~------·------.. ------"1 "'I0 l c~I
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------·------· ~--- AA-229
LL oesc_•••T!DNr ,::.."."' - L~G"~-.. t~1 -~~;.--·· t~ 1( ~~·::::;~.:·;~-~--~~:~.- c1 une•po•ed CONDITION ------· ]-- - ·------1 (Check Ori<') (Check One) L~--~''"'"~---·------kl __Unaltered ______il Moved QO Originol Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (II known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Sudley is' located on the west side of Old Sudley Road in the ancient Wes~ River Hundred. It is west of Maryland Route 468, and three miles south of the intersection of Maryland Routes 255 and 468.
Well preserved, restored (1950), and essentially unchanged since the seventeenth century, Sudley gives us a valuable picture of the Quaker way of life, significant in the forming of Anne Arundel County.
This one-and-one-half story, white, weatherboarded house, with its steep roof typical of the Medieval Transitional style, stands at the top of an abrupt slope near the headwaters of West River. It is shaded by ancient Tulip Poplars.
The chimneys standing within the gable-ends are the largest in m any surviving seventeenth-century house in Anne Arundel County. The framing, siding, and roofing members are of handhewn timber. m
1 The center part of the house was built before 1683. It consist~ z ed of a Great Hall and Parlor on the first floor, and three bedrooms above, which were reached by a stairway winding up around a chimney corner.
The greater affluence of the eighteenth century brought embel- c=: lishments by Richard Galloway III, who inherited the simple [ n house in 1 720. Ile put raised panelling in the Great Hall and j -f Parlor and possibly added a kitchen wing on the northwest corne~. Kensey Johns II was responsible for the addition of two one- I 0 and-one-half-story wings after 1750. His son, John Johns, z 1 changed the property name from "Cumberstone" to "Sudley" before I "' the 1800 resurvey of the land. /
I Sixteen acres are designated for the protection of Sudley. The\ structure stands on the crest of a ridge, framed by woodlands .
at the back (northwest) and looking southeast down the slope J of the ridge, across the tree-lined Old Sudley Road, a public : way, towards a meadow.
,- I l_
------AA-229 SIGNIFICANCE
PERIOD (Checlc One or More as Appropriate) 0 Pre-Columbian: 0 16th Century [] 18th Century [I 20th Century 0 15th Century KJ 17th Century I I 19th Centu1y
SPEC I FI C DATE I SI (lf Applicable and Known) 1 (!§.~t~~~~sc.,!,~i.....L.l...l,L__!~~..W..~------l
0 AREAS OF' S1GNIFICANCE (Cher.I< Oneo or More llll Appru11rluft•) Aboriginal CJ Education 11 Political I:.·! Urban Planning CJ Prehistoric 11 Engint!uing !XJ Religion Phi. [J Other !Sl'rdh-> 0 Historic [ l I ndu• try lo•ophy [J Agriculture u Invention I I Science Pt] Architecture lJ Landscape I Seu Ip lurr
[ J Art Arr.hit"ctur" Soc 10 I ·Human. lJ Comm•rt:• l I Litoroturo i tur ian [] CommuniC'otlon1 _I Military Tht!alrr
1-J Conservation I 'j Music I l Tro1Hpnrtot1on ------· ------STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Su
Richard Arnold immigrated to Maryland in 1649. Settling in the South River Hundred.of Anne Arundel County, he gave up his trade as a tailor to become a planter. Soon after his pur chase of Curnberstone from Pratt, he married Martha Thomas, a member of an outstanding Maryland Quaker family. Her father, Philip Thomas, was a founder of both the Herring Creek Meeting and the West River Meeting. Her mother, Sarah Harrison Thomas, was a Quaker minister. Richard Arnold was also a prominent Quaker and a member of the West River Quaker Meeting. He later1 moved into the West River Ilundred, in which Sudley is located, 1 and the inventory drawn up at his death testifies to the pros perity of this West River tobacco planter.l
This inventory is located in tht.... Hall of Records, ; Annap_Q.l.i:L-.Mary.lan~------~----- ______·-----·------·-- --·-- -- __ 1 [see continuation sheet] • --- M-229 Form 10-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland
INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER I DATE (Continuation Sheet) ..------''------J____ ~ (Number ell enlr/eeJ Sudley
8. SIGNIFICANCE, continued
Samuel Galloway ( ? -1719) purchased Cumberstone (Sudley) in the early eighteenth century from Sarah Arnold Waters, daughter of Richard Arnold, one of the three possible builders of the house. Galloway, a merchant and planter whose extensive land holdings included properties adjacent to Sudley, was founder of the West River Meeting. In 1686, 1688, and 1691, before the construction of the meeting house, West River Quakers held sev eral meetings at "The Gift," Galloway's home. George Fox (1624-1691), the founder of the Society of Friends, was present at several of these meetings. Galloway's wife, Ann Gallowav, was a Quaker minister. Samuel Galloway's descendants can be connected with White's Hall, Cedar Park, Arden, and Hawthorne Ridge, all in Anne Arundel County.
Richard Galloway III inherited "Cumberstone" before 1720. Ile and his father, Samuel Galloway, were prominent Anne Arundel County Quakers. Richard married Mary Paca of Baltimore County.
Susannah Gal ldWay, daughter of Richard Galloway II I, inheri ten the house in 1739. Ten years later she married Kensey Johns II, a descendant of Richard Johns, founder of the Johns familv. Kensey Johns II, a Quaker and prominent Anne Arundel County mer chant, owned a warehouse at Pig Point on the Patuxent River. He was a business partner of Samuel Galloway III of Tulip Hill who was a relative of Kensey Johns II's wife. While livinq at Cumberstone, Johns served as High Sheriff of Anne Arundel County.
John Johns ( ? -1822) lived at Sudley in the early nineteenth century. He had abandoned the Quaker faith to become a member of St. James Protestant Episcopal Church, an action which de notes the decline of Quakerism in Anne Arundel County in the late eighteenth century. The Johns family connections in th(' county continued to expand when John Johns' sister Mary marric~ Richard Harrison, a descendant of the Hollv Hill Harrison fami ly who were Quakers from the South River Hundred. Richard Har rison's brother married a sister of Mary Johns Harrison, there by creating a double relationship. In 1822, the ownership of Sudley passed to John Johns' brother, Kensey Johns (1759-1848). Kensey Johns was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Delaware for over thirty years (1799-1830), the Chancellor of Delaware for two years (1830-1832) , and a delegate to the Constitutional Convention from New Castle Coun ty, Delaware. [continued]
'• ... ---·------AA-229 Form 10-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STA.TE (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY ·• AJ;me Arunde 1 INVENTORY · NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS use ONL y ENTRY NUMBKA I CA.TE (Continuation Sheet) I (Number all entrle•) Sudley
The next owner of Sudley was the Right Reverend John Johns (1796-1876), the fourth Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Virginia (1862-1876) and President of the College of William and Mary (1849-1854). He was an 1818 graduate of the College of New Jersey (Princeton University) . He ministerea to two Maryland churches before going to Richmond, Virginia, in 1842 to be consecrated in the Monumental Church as an assistant bishop of Virginia. This diocese stretched from Hampton Roads to the Ohio River. During the Civil War, Johns, as Bishop of Virginia, ministered to the troops in the Union Army.
Mrs. Cornelia Johns Grice was born in 1880 in one of the mid eighteenth-century wings added by Kensey Johns II. She sold Sudley, which had been in the Johns family for 170 years, in 1942 to Mr. and Mrs. William F. Kelly. The property was pur chased by Mrs. T. Hammond Welsh, the present (1972) owner in 1964.
9. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, continued
Kelley, J. Reaney. Quakers in the Founding of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 19 6 3.
Mayer, Frank B. sketches, Hall of Records, Annapolis, Mary land.
Packard, Joseph. Recollections of a Long Life. Washington, n.p., n.d.
Thom, Helen Hopkins. Johns Hopkins: A Silhouette. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press~ 1929.
Warfield, J. D. The Founding of Anne Arundel and Howard Coun ties, Maryland .... reprint. Baltimore: Reqional Publishing, 19 6 7.
.-.1-(. AA-229 (9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE_S ______~ Forman, Henry Chandlee. Early Manor and Plantation H'Ouses of Maryland. Easton, Maryland: the author, 1~34.
Holden, Arthur. "Domestic Architecture of Anne Arundel County." Monograph Series, No. 5.
Johns Papers. Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland. I [see continuation sheet) j [lo~J; E_O-GR AP_Hjc.A 1_-0:.ATA~- --· - -·- - ·-·------· --- ___J
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-· --·- ·--· ------~ ST ATE: COOi; COUNTY COC'! z ------~-~~~.______J STATE: CODE COUN 1.., · -t __,.______·---·-··~--·- -~:'~~~j ;:o l J. FORM PREPARED BY c NAME ANO TITLE: .. -----·------·---! Mrs. E. w. Bridgman, n Jr.. and Nancy Miller. ORGANIZATION His~-~"r~------_I -t Maryland Historical Trust ______'.!u~¥--~~ 19 ~~ 0 z I 1-1:-~-t-~-:-:~-p-·:-:-~--~-:-"-:_-_BR_E_~~~~------"''" MaNryA--T--l~O:N-AnL;R-E2G11s4T;E~R-V_E_"'_IFICATIONR~7.jj' 12. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CE·R-TlFICAllON-·-----lL--~.'..:..'...:.::.:..:..:..:..:::...:.:..::..::..:.:..:...::~.;..;;..;.;;"'.;.;...:..;;.;...... ;;;.;.; __......
I I '" "" '"""'""'''' '""'' ...... ::~ ~ I lwr1·hv i-P1t1fy that !his prt>IK'rl\' '" 111d11tl••1l iu tlw t1onal llistt•ric Pr<'SPrvatwn A•·t nl l'li>I• (P11hlic I.aw Nationa I h:tTi"'h•r_ fl'l.(ihS). l ht·rehy nominate this propntv fur indusinl'I
in tht· N1itionL1l l~P~istt~r and l"t.'r\1f\' thnt 1t htt-" hPt-n e\. alue1tcd
Name 712-t{~J'S_~/J_,J Orlando Ridout IV ATTEST:
Title Staj:e -~i-~i-.?_Qn_ _Q_fficer for Maryland
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r et®erlY of MHT UbrarY , 'D..Q NOT REMOVE