AA-229 Sudley, (Cumberstone) Architectural Survey File This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps. Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment. All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust. Last Updated: 06-11-2004 o~oi.aC\ 2.as AA-229 Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE· (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland COUNl'V· t NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Anne Arundel INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY 1--·-~--~-:;;;~~~R-·- --r-o" re:·- (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) r I L':~·~-------·-- --------- ---- . -~-- C OMfAON Sudley - AND'OR t-11STORIC: Cumbers tone ___ G__ ------------- 1 0 !.?.· l~r~~: r ~rn: NUMflERI West sld_e_of-ora-su"C1iey rfoad~ west of Maryland I /_R~.'!~~-~_6__ Bj___~_rnj.l.-_~~--~9_u~~~~-~~-!-~~-~~_?!io~~~~EI:~an!!~-~-te 255_.J '.lf{ on l(JWN: anu MaryJ..anLl 1'0Ute 468., l West River 0 J~~~y~a:'d 20 001 . J ';~· l' """1mne Arun-ae1 K%fj [f CLASSIFICATION I -i-- - - CA HGORY. - -- -,------ -~~~-;f~P. - - --i--· STATU~ ACCE:SSl!ILf "j z ~~-~::~,!c~lu·~ ~~~~Building] I -Pob;;; Mio<,;;:;:;;;,,---- ·---1~; O<eo,::;-- TO;:.: PUAUC I 0 Ir .l Sile :· 1 Struclure J Private I In Proce55 JI I Unoccupied I l Rt>strictpcf I l_J Ob1oct I I lloth [ J Being Con•idered I I PreservoloOn work I I Unr~strocted on progreu l Kl No I LI PRESENT USE (Ch<!ck On<' orftlnn• ""Appropriate) l r-- ------ -------· - - -- ----- --------------------------------·------ ---~ XJ Agricullural [~I Gov.,rnment l -J Park [_J Tronsportation 0 Carnmentt I :.l Commercial [ _l, lndu.troal Kl Privote Residence r-l Other (Spe>c/fy) J Educotoonal .I Militocy [ I Relig'.ov> -------- 2!nt:rtainmenl [:J Museum [_J Sci:.~:-_ 4. OWNER OF PROPERTY ·--------=-- --- - --~ z •:lWNER"S N-;;;:;;E,------------ -·--- ------------- - ·-------- ···--·--·----~ Mrs. T. Harrunond Welsh -------------- - ----- ------- --- -----·le ti w STREET AND NUMBER: : '< w 10ld Sudley Road ' I-' ---- -- ------------ --- ---fSTATsTAT·.=-:--------- 1 Maryland ------ .. ---- --- --- LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRll-'TION 2~-;;~-rnt ,-,- l~~---~--T~-_0_~_,_;_:uR~~~~RY c_0~~n_r-_-~-~- - ~T~urthouse ------ -- -- - ------- 11 5" 0 ~REET JINO NIJMBER: ------·- - ---------- -·- -----------------·- --!~ :~ I Church Circle --------- --- --- ------ e ('TT OR TOWI•: F' F ""''' I J:;:-~::.~ON I~ J~IS_TIN~_vE y S- --- ~~.~ -~ --Maryl and 214 0-l-~~;,; ]/I z] l~~;;i~~n~E~egister of Historic Sites and Landmarks , r " lo~-;;-;~-;-vo: -=1§70----------- f:-j -F-~der~I I~ Stote '. J C~-;,n~~--- rL-0~;1 - - . f - ; ~ tDEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: ----------- ------"-1 C Z !Maryland Historical Trust i ~I~ sTR-EET-A~-NuMa·~-------------------- ------- --------------·------.. --------"1 "'I0 l c~I ~~:";~~~~:Roa~--- ----:- -- ["''' Marylan~~;~~0-1 H~·~i u~ 1I __ l·::L J ----------- ·------· ~--- AA-229 LL oesc_•••T!DNr ,::.."."' - L~G"~-.. t~1 -~~;.--·· t~ 1( ~~·::::;~.:·;~-~--~~:~.- c1 une•po•ed CONDITION - ------· ]-- - ·----------1 (Check Ori<') (Check One) L~--~''"'"~---·-------kl __Unaltered ____ __il Moved QO Originol Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (II known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Sudley is' located on the west side of Old Sudley Road in the ancient Wes~ River Hundred. It is west of Maryland Route 468, and three miles south of the intersection of Maryland Routes 255 and 468. Well preserved, restored (1950), and essentially unchanged since the seventeenth century, Sudley gives us a valuable picture of the Quaker way of life, significant in the forming of Anne Arundel County. This one-and-one-half story, white, weatherboarded house, with its steep roof typical of the Medieval Transitional style, stands at the top of an abrupt slope near the headwaters of West River. It is shaded by ancient Tulip Poplars. The chimneys standing within the gable-ends are the largest in m any surviving seventeenth-century house in Anne Arundel County. The framing, siding, and roofing members are of handhewn timber. m 1 The center part of the house was built before 1683. It consist~ z ed of a Great Hall and Parlor on the first floor, and three bedrooms above, which were reached by a stairway winding up around a chimney corner. The greater affluence of the eighteenth century brought embel- c=: lishments by Richard Galloway III, who inherited the simple [ n house in 1 720. Ile put raised panelling in the Great Hall and j -f Parlor and possibly added a kitchen wing on the northwest corne~. Kensey Johns II was responsible for the addition of two one- I 0 and-one-half-story wings after 1750. His son, John Johns, z 1 changed the property name from "Cumberstone" to "Sudley" before I "' the 1800 resurvey of the land. / I Sixteen acres are designated for the protection of Sudley. The\ structure stands on the crest of a ridge, framed by woodlands . at the back (northwest) and looking southeast down the slope J of the ridge, across the tree-lined Old Sudley Road, a public : way, towards a meadow. ,- I l_ ----------- AA-229 SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD (Checlc One or More as Appropriate) 0 Pre-Columbian: 0 16th Century [] 18th Century [I 20th Century 0 15th Century KJ 17th Century I I 19th Centu1y SPEC I FI C DATE I SI (lf Applicable and Known) 1 (!§.~t~~~~sc.,!,~i.....L.l...l,L__!~~..W..~---------l 0 AREAS OF' S1GNIFICANCE (Cher.I< Oneo or More llll Appru11rluft•) Aboriginal CJ Education 11 Political I:.·! Urban Planning CJ Prehistoric 11 Engint!uing !XJ Religion Phi. [J Other !Sl'rdh-> 0 Historic [ l I ndu• try lo•ophy [J Agriculture u Invention I I Science Pt] Architecture lJ Landscape I Seu Ip lurr [ J Art Arr.hit"ctur" Soc 10 I ·Human. lJ Comm•rt:• l I Litoroturo i tur ian [] CommuniC'otlon1 _I Military Tht!alrr 1-J Conservation I 'j Music I l Tro1Hpnrtot1on -------------------· ---------------------- STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Su<lley's historical significance sterns from its association with Kensey Johns, Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court and Chancellor of Delaware; John Johns, Bishop of Virginia and President of the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, :z Virginia; the ancestors of Johns Hopkins, the Baltimore bene­ 0 factor; Kensey Johns II, a Sheriff of Anne Arundel County; and two female Quaker ministers, Sarah Harrison Thomas and Ann t­ Galloway. Ownership of Sudley by the Quaker families of Johns u and Galloway connects the house with Anne Arundel County's Quaker heritage. ::::> a:: Sudley is located on original Cumberstone land, patented in t- 1659 to John Cumber. Cumber served in Oliver Cromwell's army in England before receiving his commission in 1658 as a Captain z in the Severn and Isle of Kent Regiment of the Maryland Mili- I tia. This regiment was established by the Maryland provinical I government in 1657. Cumber's superior officer in the militia was Major Ewen of Cedar Park, Anne Arundel County. 1 Cumber gave one hundred acres of Cumbers tone to his son-in-law,\ Thomas Pratt, who sold the property to Richard Arnold, a · Quaker, in 1672. One of these three men, Cumber, Pratt, or Arnold, built the oldest section of the house. It was stand­ ing in 1683 when Arnold died. Richard Arnold immigrated to Maryland in 1649. Settling in the South River Hundred.of Anne Arundel County, he gave up his trade as a tailor to become a planter. Soon after his pur­ chase of Curnberstone from Pratt, he married Martha Thomas, a member of an outstanding Maryland Quaker family. Her father, Philip Thomas, was a founder of both the Herring Creek Meeting and the West River Meeting. Her mother, Sarah Harrison Thomas, was a Quaker minister. Richard Arnold was also a prominent Quaker and a member of the West River Quaker Meeting. He later1 moved into the West River Ilundred, in which Sudley is located, 1 and the inventory drawn up at his death testifies to the pros­ perity of this West River tobacco planter.l This inventory is located in tht.... Hall of Records, ; Annap_Q.l.i:L-.Mary.lan~----- ------~----- _______ ______________ ·-----·- ------·-- --·-- -- __ 1 [see continuation sheet] • --- M-229 Form 10-3000 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER I DATE (Continuation Sheet) ..-------------------------------''-------------J____ ~ (Number ell enlr/eeJ Sudley 8. SIGNIFICANCE, continued Samuel Galloway ( ? -1719) purchased Cumberstone (Sudley) in the early eighteenth century from Sarah Arnold Waters, daughter of Richard Arnold, one of the three possible builders of the house. Galloway, a merchant and planter whose extensive land holdings included properties adjacent to Sudley, was founder of the West River Meeting. In 1686, 1688, and 1691, before the construction of the meeting house, West River Quakers held sev­ eral meetings at "The Gift," Galloway's home. George Fox (1624-1691), the founder of the Society of Friends, was present at several of these meetings. Galloway's wife, Ann Gallowav, was a Quaker minister. Samuel Galloway's descendants can be connected with White's Hall, Cedar Park, Arden, and Hawthorne Ridge, all in Anne Arundel County. Richard Galloway III inherited "Cumberstone" before 1720. Ile and his father, Samuel Galloway, were prominent Anne Arundel County Quakers.