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A Taxonomic Revision of Tridrepana Swinhoe, 1895 in China, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae)

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A Taxonomic Revision of Tridrepana Swinhoe, 1895 in China, with Descriptions of Three New Species (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae) TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 3021: 39–62 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A taxonomic revision of Tridrepana Swinhoe, 1895 in China, with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae) WENHUI SONG1, DAYONG XUE2 & HONGXIANG HAN2,3 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China & Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China. E-mail: [email protected] 2Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author. E-mail:[email protected] Abstract The genus Tridrepana Swinhoe in China is reviewed, nineteen species are recognized, of which, three new species T. sub- adelpha sp. nov., T. bicuspidata sp. nov. and T. subunispina sp. nov. from Yunnan and Hainan are described; two new synonyms are introduced: T. leva Chu & Wang, 1988. syn. n. (= T. crocea (Leech, 1888)) and T. flava sinica Chu & Wang, 1988. syn. n. (= T. flava flava (Moore, 1879)); T. emina is sunk to be a subspecies of T. arikana; T. argentistriga Warren, 1896 and T. rubromarginata indica Watson, 1957 are recorded in China for the first time. Descriptions for the genus and new species, a key and diagnoses for the Chinese species are provided. Illustrations of the external features and the geni- talia are presented. Key words: Drepanidae, Tridrepana, taxonomy, revision, new species, new synonymy, China Introduction The genus Tridrepana includes brightly coloured typical tropical moths, distributed mainly in the tropics and sub- tropics of the Oriental region, with highest diversity in Southeast Asia; a few species are known from the northeast of the Australian region. Tridrepana was erected by Swinhoe (1895) for part of Hampson’s (1893) section III of Drepana Schrank, and originally included only four species: T. albonotata, T. sadana, T. xanthoptera and T. vira, with no designated type species. Warren (1922) cited the generic name Tridrepana as Iridrepana which was regarded as an erroneous sub- sequent spelling, and designated Drepana albonotata Moore as the type species of the genus. Nagano (1917) pub- lished a monotypic genus Konjikia based on Drepana crocea Leech, which was synonymized with Tridrepana by Watson (1957). Many species were placed in Drepana, Agnidra, Callidrepana and Konjikia by Warren (1903, 1922), Kirby (1892), Swinhoe (1895) and Nagano (1917). Watson (1957) made a thorough revision of Tridrepana, in which thirty four species with twenty four subspecies were listed, including eleven new species and eleven new subspe- cies. He divided the genus into seven species groups based on the external features and the male genitalia. Inoue (1962) listed two species from Japan. Watson (1968) listed seven species from China. Wilkinson (1972) added two new species T. astralaina and T. clinala from Nepal. Holloway (1976) recorded three species and one subspecies in Borneo. Later he (Holloway, 1998) revised Bornean Tridrepana again and recorded seven species with nine sub- species, including one new species T. brunneilinea. Chen (1985) described one new species T. bifurcata from China. Chu & Wang (1988) listed thirteen species with three subspecies, including five new taxa in their systematic study of Tridrepana in China. Up to now, there are forty three species with twenty six valid subspecies known in the world, and fifteen species with six valid subspecies in China. In recent years, new materials have been collected or discovered in collections, and new taxa need to be described. The purposes of this paper are: to review the Chinese fauna of Tridrepana; to describe three new spe- Accepted by G. Lawrence: 11 Aug. 2011; published: 12 Sep. 2011 39 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. cies; to synonymize T. leva Chu & Wang (syn. n.) with T. crocea and T. flava sinica Chu & Wang (syn. n.) with T. flava flava Leech; to sink T. emina to be T. arikana emina; to correct the misidentification of T. sadana and to pro- vide a key to Chinese species. As a result of the current study, nineteen species with eight subspecies are recog- nized in China. These species are involved in five species groups which were from the seven species groups founded by Watson (1957): group fulvata Snellen, group sadana Moore, group crocea Leech, group postica Moore, group flava Moore. Material and methods Examined materials were obtained from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS), the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH) and Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany (ZFMK). Other museums where types are deposited are Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (SIECAS); Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Uni- versität, Berlin, Germany (MNHU) and Entomological Institute, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan (EIHU). Terminology for wing pattern follows Watson (1957), and for genitalia is based on Watson (1957) and Klots (1970). Photographs of moths were taken using a digital camera. Composite images of genitalia were generated using Auto-Montage software version 5.03.0061 (Synoptics Ltd). Systematics Tridrepana Swinhoe, 1895 Tridrepana Swinhoe, 1895, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1895: 3. Type species: Drepana albonotata Moore, 1879, by subsequent designation by Warren, 1922. Iridrepana Warren, 1922, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 10: 464 (an err. spelling of Tridrepana). Konjikia Nagano, 1917, Bull. Nawa ent. Lab., 2: 39. Type species: Drepana crocea Leech, 1888, by original designation. Description. Head. Antenna bipectinate in both sexes, rami in male longer than in female. Frons yellow to brown. Proboscis developed. Labial palpus yellow to brown, a little extending beyond frons in most species. Thorax. Yel- low. Hind tibia usually with one pair of terminal spurs, if two pairs of spurs present, the terminal pair often smaller and covered by scales. Wings: Both sides of forewing and hind wing yellow, usually not lustrous scaled. Forewing apex usually falcate, outer margin concave under apex and convex or straight, smooth below; upperside usually with brown crescent patch below apex, with two brownish black ovate spots inside; postmedial and submarginal lines often visible, antemedial line sometimes indistinct, occasionally invisible; discal spot and posterodistal spot present, sometimes with mid-cell spots, a few species without any spot, some species with spots or patches near the lower angle of cell. Hind wing apex round, outer margin smooth, inner margin elongate, costal margin a little paler; postmedial and submarginal lines often visible, discal spot often present. Frenulum developed. Venation. Fore- wing: Sc free; R3 arising from R1 and R2, anastomosing with R4 and forming a single areole, R5 stalked with R4 and arising below apex of areole; M1 diverging from upper angle of cell or stalked with lower margin of areole; M2 close to M3 basally; CuA1 and CuA2 separate; 2A anastomosing with 3A. Hind wing: Sc+R1 close to Rs out of cell; Rs and M1 separate; M2 close to M3 basally; CuA1 and CuA2 separate; 3A absent. Abdomen. Both dorsal and ven- tral sides yellow, covered with yellow hairs. Tympanal organs developed. Male genitalia. Varying among different species groups. In T. albonotata, T. flava, T. fulvata and T. olivacea species groups, uncus deeply bifurcate, with its branches bifurcate again, fork like; valva long, bending upwards. In T. crocea and T. postica species groups, uncus deeply bifurcate, with its branches subuliform, acute apically; valva developed, slender or broad. In T. sadana spe- cies group, uncus divided into two big lobes, concave at middle; valva degenerate, lobate. Socii often visible, digi- tiform. Gnathos connected at middle, with subulate or elliptical, spinose median process. Saccus slender, digitiform, linguiform or triangular. Anellus developed or not. Aedeagus slender or stout, sclerotized posteriorly, cornuti bundles of spines, a spinose band or both. In T. sadana species group aedeagus very short and small, vesica without spinose or sclerotized band, cornuti one or two bundles of spines, sometimes absent. The eighth sternite usually modified. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short; two round processes near the ostium bursae. Apophyses pos- 40 · Zootaxa 3021 © 2011 Magnolia Press SONG ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. teriores as long as or slightly longer than apophyses anteriores. Ductus bursae sclerotized, smooth, sometimes wrinkled. Corpus bursae oval or round, membranous, with two scobinate signa of various shapes, or signum absent. Spermatheca nearly spherical, unornamented with short duct, or radially ornamented with long duct. Diagnosis. The genus Tridrepana resembles Strepsigonia Warren in usually having a falcate forewing apex, with the outer margin under the apex concave. Tridrepana differs from Strepsigonia by the yellow body and ground colour of the wing, and by the presence of a brown or black crescent patch on the forewing outer margin below apex. In Strepsigonia the body and wings are brownish yellow, the crescent patch on the forewing outer margin is absent. In the male genitalia, the two branches or lobes of the uncus are close in Tridrepana but apart in Strepsigo- nia. Distribution. Oriental region, north of Australian region. Biological notes. The eggs are laid singly, and are yellow, turning red before hatching. The larvae are varie- gated rich rufous brown with disruptive patterns of oblique bars laterally (Sen & Lin, 2002; Sugi, 1987; Wang, 1995). Most segments of the larva have a pair of subdorsal tubercles. Those on T2, T3 and A8 are elongate, directed forward over the body, apically sinuous and sometimes even slightly coiled (Holloway, 1998).
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