Chruściki = Trichoptera

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Chruściki = Trichoptera POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGICZNY KATALOG FAUNY POLSKI Catalogue faunae Poloniae Część XXVIII CHRUŚCIKI T rich optera O p ra c o w a ł CEZARY TOMASZEWSKI PAŃSTWOWE WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE WARSZAWA 1965 http://rcin.org.pl Plan podziału na części wydawnictwa «KATALOG FAUNY POLSKI» Część I — Protozoa „ I I — Porifera, Coelenterata „ III — Turbellaria „ IV — Monogenoidea, Trematoda „ V — Cestoda „ VI — Nemertini „ VII — Nematoda „ VIII— Nematomorpha, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Priapuloidea „ IX — Rotatoria „ X — A canthocephala „ °XI —Annelida „ XII —Entomostraca „ XIII —Malacostraca „ XIV — Symphyla, Pauropoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda „ *XV — Apterygota „ X V I— Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera „ XVII — Blattodea, Montodea, Orthoptera, Dermaptera „ XVIII — Psocoptera „ XIX — Mallophaga, Anoplura „ XX— Thysanoptera , , XXI —Homoptera „ XXII — Heteroptera „ XXIII — Coleoptera „ XXIV — Strepsiptera „ XXV — Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera „ XXVI — Hymenoptera „ XXVII — Mecoptera „ XXVIII — Trichoptera „ XXIX — Lepidoptera „ X X X — Diptera „ *XXXI — Aphaniptera „ °XXXII — Pseudoscorpionidea, Opiliones „ XXXIII — Araneida „ XXXI W — Acari ,, XXXV — Pentastomida, Pantopoda, Tardigrada „ XXXVI — Mollusca „ XXXVII —Bryozoa, Chaetognatha, Echinodermata, Tunicata „ XXXVIII — Agnatha, Pisces „ XXXIX — Amphibia, Reptilia » XL —A ves » XLI —Mammalia * — Części wydane w całości о — Części, z których wydano poszczególne zeszyty. http://rcin.org.pl POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGICZNY KATALOG FAUNY POLSKI Catalogue faunae Poloniae część; XXVIII CHRUŚCIKI T r i с li o p t e L* a Opracował CEZARY TOMASZEWSKI PAŃSTWOWE WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE WARSZAWA 1965 http://rcin.org.pl KOLEGIUM REDAKCYJNE: doc. dr Wł. B a z y l u k , dr R. Bielawski (sekretarz), prof. dr St. Feliksiak, mag. A. G o l j a n , prof. dr E. G r a b d a , prof. dr T. J a c z e w s k i (przewodni­ czący), doc. dr S. M. Klimaszewski, prof. dr K. Kowalski, dr M. M roczko­ w sk i, prof. dr J. N a s t , prof. dr L. К. Pawłowski, prof. dr J. R a f a l s k i , dr A. R ie d e l, prof. dr Wł. Rydzewski, dr Wł. Serafiński, prof. dr St. Smreczyński, prof. dr J. Stach, mag. Zb. S w ir s k i, prof, dr A. W r ó b le w s k i Nr 5 «Katalogu fauny Polski» Redaktor części XXVIII doc. dr Wł. B a z y l u k PAŃSTWOWE WYDAWNICTWO NAUKOWE —WARSZAWA 1965 Wydanie pierwsze. Nakład 1700+200 egz. Arkuszy wyd. 6,75. Arkuszy druk. 6,5 4- wkl. Papier druk. sat. kl. III. 80 g. 70x 100 Oddano do składania 14.V.64 r. Podpisano do druku 30.VI.65 r. D ruk ukończono w lipcu 1965 r. Zamówienie nr 266/64. Cena zł 21,— E-78 WARSZAWSKA DRUKARNIA NAUKOWA — WARSZAWA ŚNIADECKICH 8 http://rcin.org.pl ERRATA S tro n a Jest Powinno być 408 Mazowiecka (Majewski 1885, Mazowiecka (Majewski 1885); D r e s c h e r 1928); «Śląsk» (Hagen «Śląsk» (Hagen 1859, B r a u e r 1859, B r a u e r 1876); Śląsk Dolny 1876); Śląsk Dolny (Schneider (Schneider 1885); 1885, D r e s c h e r 1928); Katalog Fauny Polski, część XXVIII, nr 5. http://rcin.org.pl CHRUŚCIKI — TRICHOPTERA O p ra c o w a ł C e z a r y T o m a s z e w s k i TREŚĆ I. Wstęp ............................................. 3 II. Przegląd gatu n k ów ...................... 7 III. Ta bela rozmieszczenia gatunków 73 IV. Literatura .................................... 86 V. Indeks nazw systematycznych . 95 I. WSTĘP W piśmiennictwie dotyczącym chruścików ( Trichoptera) Polski wykazano dotychczas ogółem 239 gatunków. Z tej liczby jednak za pewne można uważać występowanie w naszym kraju 236 gatunków. Natomiast trzy gatunki, Glossosoma vernale (P ict.), Sericostoma indivision M c L ach., Mystacides concolor Burm. i forma Rhyacophila dorsalis (C u rt.) f. obtusidens Mc L ach, budzą wątpliwości ze względów systematycznych. Podstawą do opracowania niniejszego katalogu były oprócz piśmiennictwa również zbiory chruścików przechowywane w Instytucie Zoologicznym Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie, Zakładzie Zoologii Systematycznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie i Muzeum Górnośląskim w Bytomiu. W zbiorach tych znale­ ziono trzy gatunki i dwa podgatunki nowe dla fauny Polski. Są to Leptocerus ripa- rius A lb ., Oligotricha lapponica (H ag.), Drusus muelleri M c L ach. oraz Hale- sus radiatus radiatus (C u rt.) i Ecclisopteryx guttulata dalecarlica K o l. Ogółem katalog obejmuje 239 gatunków (w tym 6 podgatunków i dwie formy), które wydają się pewne, ponadto jedną formę i trzy gatunki wątpliwe. Liczba znalezionych w granicach Polski gatunków chruścików na pewno nie jest ostateczna, gdyż istnieje możliwość znalezienia jeszcze nowych gatunków dla fauny naszego kraju, zwłaszcza na terenach, gdzie badania faunistyczne chruścików nie były dokładniej prowadzone. Do takich obszarów należą jeszcze Pojezierze Pomorskie, zachodnia część Niziny Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej, Nizina Mazowiecka, Podlasie, Wzgórza Trzebnickie, Wyżyna Lubelska, Roztocze, Nizina Sandomierska, Beskid Wschodni i Bieszczady. W piśmiennictwie spotyka się wiadomości o wystę­ 3 http://rcin.org.pl powaniu na tych terenach określonych gatunków chruścików, są to jednak w po­ równaniu z pracami dotyczącymi innych obszarów na ogół tylko wzmianki. Na­ leży przypuszczać również, że znajdą się jeszcze nowe dla Polski gatunki, których obecność jest stwierdzana w krajach ościennych, zwłaszcza w Czechosłowacji i na zachodnich obszarach europejskiej części ZSRR. Możliwe jest jeszcze występo­ wanie w Polsce według autora około 20 nie wykazanych dotąd gatunków. Liczba gatunków chruścików znalezionych na kuli ziemskiej wynosi według obliczeń autora około 2500. Zwiększa się ona jednak z roku na rok, głównie wskutek poszukiwań w Azji, gdzie odkrycie nowego dla nauki gatunku chruścika jest zja­ wiskiem prawie powszednim. Chruściki występujące w Polsce należą do 15 rodzin. Najliczniej reprezentowana jest rodzina Limnephilidae licząca 88 gatunków. Przedstawiciele tej rodziny zamieszku­ ją rozmaite środowiska, od obszarów nizinnych do terenów górskich włącznie. Stosunkowo licznie jest reprezentowana również rodzina Leptoceridae obejmująca 34 gatunki. Po niej następuje rodzina Rhyacophilidae z 22 gatunkami. Pozostałe rodziny liczą do 14 gatunków, a rodzina Odontoceridae ma u nas tylko jednego przedstawiciela. Piśmiennictwo dotyczące chruścików Polski obejmuje 94 pozycje. Przeważają spisy faunistyczne. Najstarszą publikacją jest dzieło K lu k a (1780), w' którym autor wymienia 21 gatunków chruścików, lecz nie podaje miejsca ich znalezienia. Oprócz prac poświęconych wyłącznie chruścikom znajdujemy pozycje, gdzie owady te sta­ nowią tylko pewną część ogólniejszych opracowań. Wiąże się to z tym, że chruściki jak i wszystkie inne owady o siatkowato użyłkowanych skrzydłach były początkowo zaliczane do rzędu Neuroptera (Linnaeus 1758) i dopiero w pracach Dziędziele- w ic z a (1919, 1920) wymienione zostały w osobnym rzędzie Trichoptera, mimo że taka koncepcja powstała (K irby 1813) i była przyjmowana (K o le n a ti 1848, 1859, Mac Lachlan 1874—1880) dużo wcześniej. Oprócz tego znajdujemy wia­ domości o chruścikach w pracach ogólnobiologicznych lub ekologicznych, a także rybackich, jako o składnikach fauny pokarmowej ryb. Oddzielne opracowania fau­ nistyczne chruścików ziem Polski spotykamy dopiero od r. 1913 (U lm er 1913). Niektóre prace dotyczą określonego obszaru, inne znowu obszerniejszych terenów, geograficznie bardziej zróżnicowanych. Badania chruścików pobrzeża Bałtyku obejmowały wyłącznie tereny stykające się z Morzem Bałtyckim w Zatoce Gdańskiej, mianowicie Mierzeję Wiślaną, Mie­ rzeję Helską, okolice Pucka i Gdańska. Z tej części pobrzeża wykazano dotychczas 34 gatunki chruścików (Brischke 1887, 1888, 1890, U lmer 1916). Nie mamy zatem wiadomości o tych owadach z pobrzeża wzdłuż Pojezierza Pomorskiego. Z Pojezierza Pomorskiego znamy stosunkowo dużą liczbę chruścików, mia­ nowicie 96 gatunków. Dane te pochodzą z prac Siebolda (1851), Brischkego (1886), Enderleina (1908), U lmera (1909, 1913) i zbiorów byłego Muzeum w Szcze­ cinie przechowywanych obecnie w Instytucie Zoologicznym Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie. Jakkolwiek liczba znalezionych tam gatunków jest stosunkowo dosyć wysoka, pochodzą one jednak tylko ze wschodniej części tego obszaru i z okolic 4 http://rcin.org.pl Szczecina. Środkowa część Pojezierza Pomorskiego od pobrzeża Bałtyku do Noteci nie została jeszcze zbadana. Na Pojezierzu Mazurskim badano chruściki dokładniej, gdyż wiadomości o nich mamy prawie z całej tej krainy. Obszerniejszymi spisami faunistycznymi chruścików, dotyczącymi tego obszaru są prace U lmera (1913), Szczepańskiej (1958) i Boto- çaneanu (1960). Liczba chruścików podanych przez S zczepańską dla Pojezierza Mazurskiego (130 gatunków) nie jest jednak zgodna z liczbą gatunków wynikającą z niniejszego katalogu (125 gatunków), gdyż autorka włączyła do swego wykazu chruściki wymienione przez U lmera (1913) z Sambii i przez R acięcką (1931) z obszaru wileńsko-trockiego wZSRR. Badania na Nizinie Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej obejmowały głównie środkową Wielkopolskę. Ponadto mamy wzmianki o chruścikach z Międzyrzecza i Głogowa oraz Jeziora Chodeckiego na Kujawach. Ogółem znaleziono na Nizinie Wielko­ polsko-Kujawskiej 118 gatunków. Za pracę podsumowującą badania faunistyczne chruścików tego obszaru można uważać publikacjęJ askowskiej (1961), w której autorka wymieniając poszczególne gatunki omawia także ich rozmieszczenie w Polsce. Pod tym względem jednakże znajdujemy tam sporo nieścisłości polegających głównie na wymienianiu obszarów, gdzie dane gatunki nie były przez przytaczanych autorów podawane. Tak np. Beraeodes minuta (L.) nie jest podawany przez U lmera (1916) z
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