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An Introduction to Mining Tourism Route in Yazd Province

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An Introduction to Mining Tourism Route in Yazd Province Original Article An Introduction to Mining Tourism Route in Yazd Province Neda Torabi Farsani1,*, Seyed Reza Bahadori 2,3, Seyed Abolghasem Mirzaei4 1. Department of Museum and Tourism; Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 2. Tourism Department, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 3. Yazd University, Iran 4. Technical manager and member ofYazd Mining Engineering System Organization, Iran ©Author(s) 2020, this article is published with open access at http://gcr.khuisf.ac.ir/ Abstract Nowadays, mining tourism is known as a strategy for local development and an alternative economy in remote areas. Yazd province is Iran’s mineral hub and has a high potential for promoting mining tourism. However, this form of tourism in the province has not been considered as it should. This paper emphasizes on recognizing the mining tourism routes in Yazd province. Field trip and observation method were used in this research, and the results identified four routes (Taft-Mehriz route; west of Meybod Corresponding Author: city; the route from Yazd to Tabas and The distance between Bafgh and Bahabad) for Neda Torabi Farsani promoting mining tourism in the province. Department of Museum and Tourism; Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, https://orcid.org/0000- 0003-1964-2268 Email: [email protected] Keywords: Mine, Mining tourism, Mining tourism routes, Yazd Introduction copper and tin mining (UNESCO 2017), the Wieliczka Salt Nowadays, mines as industrial heritage with different forms Mine (Poland), heritage of Mercury in Almadén (Spain), and such as surface mines, underground mines, and archaeological Idrija (Slovenia) which includes buildings relating to mining mines strive to attract tourists, who are interested in minerals history are well known examples in this regard (Farsani et al. and getting experience in working in mines. Regarding this, 2019). In recent decades, the emergence of mining tourism is countries try to register mine heritage as a world heritage in a strategy for reviving abandoned mines, local communities’ UNESCO and introduce mine trails and mine heritage routes development, and preserving mine heritage. Iran is a country for visiting. It is noteworthy that some mining landscapes with rich underground and mineral resources, the exploitation are registered as world heritage. The Cornwall and West and discovery of mines and the smelting of minerals and the Devon mining landscapes (UK), known for their pioneering extraction of metals from them dates back to ancient times. Among the provinces of Iran, Yazd, with more than 50 types of minerals, ranks first in the country in terms of mineral diversity. Access this article online The present study aims to introduce the mining tourism routes DOI: 10.30486/gcr.2020.1903237.1022 in Yazd province. The main originality of this paper includes linking the mine heritage to tourism in Yazd province. More- Received: 28 Jun, 2020 Accepted: 14 Jul, 2020 over, the results of this research can diversify the forms of geotourism and ecotourism in the province of Yazd by attracting Volume 3 / Issue 1 / pages(33-39) e-ISSN: 2645-4661 p-ISSN: 2588-7343 33 Farsani: An Introduction to Mining Tourism Route Geoconservation Research tourists who are interested in mine heritage. In addition, there is heritage and strives to transform the image of the mining region no academic work regarding mining tourism in the study area. from negative to positive. In addition, they argued that mining tourism shows the importance of mining activity and its diffi- Literature Review culties. Edwards and Coit (1996) introduced the tourism potential of mining areas in Wales and Spain and illustrated that this site Agustriani et al., (2020) in the case study of Balibe Hill, Bond- has a high potential for creating eco-museum. Saurí-Pujol and er Village, Central Lombok, Indonesia, illustrated that turning Llurdés (1995: 36) argued that mining tourism is a tourism unused surface-mined lands to tourism activities can create product, which includes the development/redevelopment of income for the local community and may have specific and old mines for attracting visitors and tourists who are interest- unique identity for tourists, the data for this research gathered ed in mine heritage. This area offers visitors an opportunity to from community’s livelihood in the study location. see and get to know mining tools, devices and technologies, minerals, ores and rocks accessible in the region, technologies It is noteworthy that mining tourism is a current consideration applied in ore extractions, as well as technologies used to en- in Iran, and there is no solid research work in this regard. At rich the ores produced (Rybár and Hvizdák 2010). Rybár and present mining tourism in Iran focuses on only some mines Hvizdák (2010) believed that the tourists who travel to visit such as Nakhlak and Muteh mines in Isfahan Province (Farsani mines are curious about the miners’ underground life and work. et al. 2019) and Neyshabur Turquoise Mines in Khorasan Ra- Rybár and Hvizdák (2010) demonstrated that mines as a new zavi Province. Meanwhile, provinces such as Yazd are also has product in tourism apply new technologies such as virtual maps a high potential for promoting mining tourism. For example, and three-dimensional images for attracting tourists. Further- Iron ore mining of Chogart Mine, Bafq (Bafgh), Yazd Province more, visitor centers, museums, mine trains, organized tours is one of the well-known mines in Iran. This study aims at the (Ruiz 2011), mining routes, and mine tours by bicycle and an introduction of mining tourism route in Yazd Province. Lastly, underground cycling trail (Geopark Karavanke 2017) are inno- this research has a look at the challenges of the mining tourism vative activities that attract geotourists to mines. Creating Min- boom in the province. ing Park is a strategy for attracting tourist to mines in Spain and Italy (Ruiz 2011): Riotinto Mining Park in Huelva (Andalusia), Mining Tourism Potential in Yazd Province Almaden Mining Park in Ciudad Real (Castilla- La Mancha), Iran, and especially Yazd province, is a land with rich mineral Andorra-Sierra de ArcosMWINAS Mining Park in Teruel (Ara- resources and many advantages in the field of mineral indus- gon) and La Union Mining Park in Murcia (Region of Murcia); tries, which allows the growth and development of the econo- Geological and Mining Park of Sardinia (Italy); Tuscan Mining my at high speed. Park (Italy) are good examples in this regard. Turning aban- doned mines to ecomuseum is one more strategy for preserving Yazd province has the oldest geological formations (Precam- mine heritage and promoting mining tourism (Abad 2010). brian) to the youngest Holocene. Precambrian formations are composed of metamorphic rocks in various forms and igneous The results of the research of Vargas-Sánchez et al. (2009) rocks in which even layers of gypsum can be seen. Permian, in the Minas de Riotinto (Spain) towards mining tourism Devonian, and Carboniferous formations on a more limited illustrated that the local population believed that tourism will scale often exist as limestones and red sandstones, conglomer- bring more advantages than disadvantages to the municipality ates to dolomite rocks, and finally marl and shale. Cretaceous such as employment opportunities, and they have a positive and Eurasian, which make up the bulk of the province’s geo- perception towards tourism development. Conesa et al. (2008) logical formations, include limestone, marl, chile, sandy, sand- noted that mining tourism created new economic opportunities stone, granuloma, quartzite, and igneous rocks (granite). Trias- in Cartagena—La Unión Mining District (Spain). Moreover, sic formations are limited and often include dense, calcareous, Conesa (2010) argued that in the La Unión Mining District shale and delumite dark limestones. Paleogene formations (Eo- (Spain), tourism acted as an alternative economic form for cene, Oligocene and Paleocene) are composed of sedimentary traditional mining sites. rocks and igneous rocks (basalts). In some cases, along with salt domes, gypsum provinces are also present. The presence of Różycki and Dryglas (2017) believed that mining tourism of- these salt domes has caused groundwater pollution and surface fered tourists education and learning about the geology and sediments. Finally, it increases the intensity and extent of the structure of the earth and tries to understand the difficult and desert range. Sediments related to Neogene formations (Plio- specific work of miners. Gürer et al., (2019) with an emphasis cene and Miocene) include sandstone, marl, conglomerate with of Soma region, Turkey, as an excellent area for mining tour- layers and lenses of gypsum and salt, so that wherever Neogene ism, noted that mining tourism draws public attention to mine sediments are located, we often face salinity of water and soil 34 Volume 3 / Issue 1 / pages(33-39) e-ISSN: 2645-4661 p-ISSN: 2588-7343 Geoconservation Research Farsani: An Introduction to Mining Tourism Route resources in the area under our influence. We see the Quater- The First Proposed Route of Mining Tourism with a Focus nary, which in the first place covers all the ponds (Aghanabati on Building Stones: Taft-Mehriz Route 2007). Taft – Mehriz is the first identified mining tourism route (Figure 1) in the province. During the route of about 100 km, 10 km So far, nearly 32 different types of minerals have been of which is dirt and around the Great Batolite of Shirkuh, and identified in Yazd, the most prominent of which are iron ore, returning from Mehriz city and while visiting the historical, lead, and zinc reserves. Yazd, despite the unfavorable weather cultural and rural attractions of these two cities, the tourists and biological conditions, has large mineral reserves and is the can visit all kinds of marble, granite and travertine mines. The second-largest mineral heart in the country. Yazd province is most important of them are visiting the mines of Turan Posht the fourth industrial province in the country and is at the top region and enjoying watching the geotouristic attractions of in terms of storing lead and zinc mines in Iran.
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