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Spatiotemporal Pattern of Phenology Across Geographic Gradients in Insects
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Spatiotemporal pattern of phenology across geographic gradients in insects Khelifa, Rassim Abstract: Phenology – the timing of recurrent biological events – influences nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Phenological shifts have been recorded in a wide range of animals and plants worldwide during the past few decades. Although the phenological responses differ between taxa, they may also vary geographically, especially along gradients such as latitude or elevation. Since changes in phenology have been shown to affect ecology, evolution, human health and the economy, understanding pheno- logical shifts has become a priority. Although phenological shifts have been associated with changes in temperature, there is still little comprehension of the phenology-temperature relationship, particularly the mechanisms influencing its strength and the extent to which it varies geographically. Such ques- tions would ideally be addressed by combining controlled laboratory experiments on thermal response with long-term observational datasets and historical temperature records. Here, I used odonates (drag- onflies and damselflies) and Sepsid scavenger flies to unravel how temperature affects development and phenology at different latitudes and elevations. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide essential knowledge on the factors driving the spatiotemporal phenological dynamics by (1) investigating how phenology changed in time and space across latitude and elevation in northcentral Europe during the past three decades, (2) assessing potential temporal changes in thermal sensitivity of phenology and (3) describing the geographic pattern and usefulness of thermal performance curves in predicting natural responses. -
THE ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS of the NEW ZEALAND FALCON (Falco Novaeseelandiae) in PLANTATION FORESTRY
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. THE ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW ZEALAND FALCON (Falco novaeseelandiae) IN PLANTATION FORESTRY A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Richard Seaton 2007 Adult female New Zealand falcon. D. Stewart 2003. “The hawks, eagles and falcons have been an inspiration to people of all races and creeds since the dawn of civilisation. We cannot afford to lose any species of the birds of prey without an effort commensurate with the inspiration of courage, integrity and nobility that they have given humanity…If we fail on this point, we fail in the basic philosophy of feeling a part of our universe and all that goes with it.” Morley Nelson, 2002. iii iv ABSTRACT Commercial pine plantations made up of exotic tree species are increasingly recognised as habitats that can contribute significantly to the conservation of indigenous biodiversity in New Zealand. Encouraging this biodiversity by employing sympathetic forestry management techniques not only offers benefits for indigenous flora and fauna but can also be economically advantageous for the forestry industry. The New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) or Karearea, is a threatened species, endemic to the islands of New Zealand, that has recently been discovered breeding in pine plantations. This research determines the ecological requirements of New Zealand falcons in this habitat, enabling recommendations for sympathetic forestry management to be made. -
Odonata: Polythoridae) Melissa Sánchez-Herrera1,2* , Christopher D
Sánchez-Herrera et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2020) 20:74 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01638-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access An exploration of the complex biogeographical history of the Neotropical banner-wing damselflies (Odonata: Polythoridae) Melissa Sánchez-Herrera1,2* , Christopher D. Beatty3, Renato Nunes2,4, Camilo Salazar1 and Jessica L. Ware2,5 Abstract Background: The New World Tropics has experienced a dynamic landscape across evolutionary history and harbors a high diversity of flora and fauna. While there are some studies addressing diversification in Neotropical vertebrates and plants, there is still a lack of knowledge in arthropods. Here we examine temporal and spatial diversification patterns in the damselfly family Polythoridae, which comprises seven genera with a total of 58 species distributed across much of Central and South America. Results: Our time-calibrated phylogeny for 48 species suggests that this family radiated during the late Eocene (~ 33 Ma), diversifying during the Miocene. As with other neotropical groups, the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of most of the Polythoridae genera has a primary origin in the Northern Andes though the MRCA of at least one genus may have appeared in the Amazon Basin. Our molecular clock suggests correlations with some major geographical events, and our biogeographical modeling (with BioGeoBEARS and RASP) found a significant influence of the formation of the Pebas and Acre systems on the early diversification of these damselflies, though evidence for the influence of the rise of the different Andean ranges was mixed. Diversification rates have been uniform in all genera except one—Polythore—where a significant increase in the late Pliocene (~ 3 mya) may have been influenced by recent Andean uplift. -
Wetlands Resource Has Been Developed to Encourage You and Your Class to Visit Wetlands in Your ‘Backyard’
WETLANDS for Education in the West Coast Tai Poutini Conservancy January 2005 Edition 2 WETLANDS for Education in the West Coast Tai Poutini Conservancy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A large number of people have been involved in the production and editing of this resource. We would like to thank them all and in particular the following: Area and Conservancy staff, especially Philippe Gerbeaux for their comments and assistance. Te Rüanga o Ngäi Tahu, Te Rünaka o Makäwhio and Te Rünaka o Ngäti Waewae for their comments and assistance through Rob Tipa. Compiled by Chrisie Sargent, Sharleen Hole and Kate Leggett Edited by Sharleen Hole and Julie Dutoit Illustrations by Sue Asplin ISBN 0-478-22656-X 2nd Edition January 2005 Published by: Department of Conservation Greymouth Mawheranui Area Office PO Box 370 Greymouth April 2004 CONTENTS USING THIS RESOURCE 5 THE CURRICULUM 5 WHY WETLANDS? 8 RAMSAR CONVENTION 9 SAFETY 9 BE PREPARED ACTIVITY 10 PRE VISIT ACTIVITIES 11 POST VISIT ACTIVITIES 12 FACT SHEETS What is a wetland? 15 Types of wetlands 17 How wetlands change over time 19 Threats to wetlands 21 Wetland uses & users 23 The water cycle is important for wetlands 24 Catchments 25 Water quality 27 Invertebrates 29 Wetland soils 30 Did you know that coal formed from swamps? 31 Wetland plants 32 Wetland fish 33 Whitebait-what are they? 34 Wetland birds 35 Food chains & food webs 37 Wetlands - a 'supermarket' for tai poutini maori 39 ACTIVITY SHEETS Activity 1: What is . a wetland? 43 Activity 2: What is . a swamp? 44 Activity 3: What is . an estuary? 45 Activity 4: What is . -
Ecology of Two Tidal Marsh Insects, Trichocorixa Verticalis (Hemiptera) and Erythrodiplax Berenice (Odonata), in New Hampshire Larry Jim Kelts
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Fall 1977 ECOLOGY OF TWO TIDAL MARSH INSECTS, TRICHOCORIXA VERTICALIS (HEMIPTERA) AND ERYTHRODIPLAX BERENICE (ODONATA), IN NEW HAMPSHIRE LARRY JIM KELTS Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation KELTS, LARRY JIM, "ECOLOGY OF TWO TIDAL MARSH INSECTS, TRICHOCORIXA VERTICALIS (HEMIPTERA) AND ERYTHRODIPLAX BERENICE (ODONATA), IN NEW HAMPSHIRE" (1977). Doctoral Dissertations. 1168. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1168 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with edjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected teat the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
The Phylogeny of the Zygopterous Dragonflies As Based on The
THE PHYLOGENY OF THE ZYGOPTEROUS DRAGON- FLIES AS BASED ON THE EVIDENCE OF THE PENES* CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Ohio State University. This paper is merely the briefest outline of the writer's discoveries with regard to the inter-relationship of the major groups of the Zygoptera, a full account of which will appear in his thesis on the subject. Three papers1 by the writer discussing the value of this organ in classification of the Odonata have already been published. At the beginning, this study of the Zygoptera was viewed as an undertaking to define the various genera more exactly. The writer in no wise questioned the validity of the Selysian concep- tion that placed the Zygopterous subfamilies in series with the richly veined '' Calopterygines'' as primitive and the Pro- toneurinae as the latest and final reduction of venation. However, following Munz2 for the Agrioninae the writer was able to pick out here and there series of genera where the devel- opment was undoubtedly from a thinly veined wing to one richly veined, i. e., Megalagrion of Hawaii, the Argia series, Leptagrion, etc. These discoveries broke down the prejudice in the writer's mind for the irreversibility of evolution in the reduction of venation in the Odonata orders as a whole. Undoubt- ably in the Zygoptera many instances occur where a richly veined wing is merely the response to the necessity of greater wing area to support a larger body. As the study progressed the writer found almost invariably that generalized or connecting forms were usually sparsely veined as compared to their relatives. -
A Decrease in Endemic Odonates in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan
「森林総合研究所研究報告」(Bulletin of FFPRI), Vol.4, No.1 (No.394), 45 - 51, Mar. 2005 論 文(Original article) A decrease in endemic odonates in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan YOSHIMURA Mayumi 1)* and OKOCHI Isamu 2) Abstract There are many endemic species in the Japanese Ogasawara Islands. However, many of these endemic species are likely to disappear as a result of reduction of habitat and the introduction of exotic species. Odonates are included within this category of species at risk. If the decrease in endemic odonates is due to a decrease in aquatic habitat, we have only to provide arti” fi cial ponds to conserve these species. In this study, we provided artifi cial ponds as a habitat for odonates in Chichi-jima and Ani-jima, Ogasawara Islands. We then examined the possibility of protection and enhancement of odonate populations. Endemic odonates were found in the natural ponds of Ani-jima and Ototo-jima. In Ani-jima, they could be collected both in the artifi cial and natural ponds. The artifi cial pond could provide habitat for endemic odonates. However, in Chichi-jima, few odonates could be collected both in the artifi cial and natural ponds. Here, invasive species, such as Gambusia affi nis and Anolis carolinensis, are found, which considered to prey upon odonate larvae and adults. Extermination of invasive species may be necessary to conserve the endemic odonates in Chichi-jima. Key words : Anolis carolinensis, endemic species, oceanic islands, odonates, Ogasawara Islands, predator, conservation Introduction in Chichi-jima. In Japan, the Ogasawara Islands consist of many This decline has been blamed on environmental small islands, including Chichi-jima, Ani-jima, Ototo- destruction. -
The Major Genetic Features of the Order Odonata Are Well Known (Cf
Odonalologica 9(1): 29 JJ March /. 1980 The karyotypes of five species of Odonataendemic to New Zealand A.L. Jensen¹ Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch-I, New Zealand Received April 10, 1979 The chromosome = 4 formula, n <5 13 (X. hi), characterises spp.: Austrolestes colensonis (White) (Lestidae), Uropetala carovei (White) (Petaluridae), Procordulia grayi (Sel.) and P. smithii (White) (Corduliidae). The karyotype of is 14 Xanthomemis zelandica (McLach.) (Coenagrionidae) described by n <J= (X). Save U. carovei of these have been far. for none spp. examined cytologically so INTRODUCTION The major genetic features of the Order Odonata are well known (cf. for example KIAUTA, 1972). The karyotypes ofalmost 500 species, representing 20 of the 27 existent families, have been determined. However, most of these records refer to Northern Hemisphere species and little cytological information is available from Australasia. Cytological studies of the many endemic species occurring in both Australia and New Zealand will therefore aid the development of a complete cytophylogenetic picture of the Order, and may also help to indicatethe relationships ofthesespecies with the world fauna. Of the II Odonata species present in New Zealand, six are endemic. of five endemic in Karyotypes the species known to occur Mid Canterbury, South Island (cf. CROSBY, DUGDALE& WATT, 1976)are presented here. MATERIAL AND METHODS and males collected Isaac's Pond Larval, teneral, mature were from (43°28’S. 172° 32'E)and/ or 0 Lake Sarah (43°03'S. 171 47’E). The testes were removed and fixed in 3; I absolutealcohohglacial 1 Present address: c o K. Andersen, Ludvig Jensensvej 3. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Accepted Version (PDF 1MB)
This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Hasan, Jafar, Roy, Anindo, Chatterjee, Kaushik, & Yarlagadda, Prasad (2019) Mimicking insect wings: The roadmap to bioinspiration. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 5(7), pp. 3139-3160. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/131248/ c Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00217 Page 1 of 57 ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 1 2 3 4 5 Mimicking Insect Wings: The Roadmap to 6 7 8 9 10 Bio-inspiration 11 12 13 14 15 Jafar Hasan1, Anindo Roy2, Kaushik Chatterjee2, Prasad KDV Yarlagadda1 16 17 18 1Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, 19 20 Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia 21 22 23 2Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. -
Two Remarkable Fossil Insect Larvae from Burmese Amber Suggest the Presence of a Terminal Filum in the Direct Stem Lineage of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)
Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) vol. 126(1): 13-35. March 2020 TWO REMARKABLE FOSSIL INSECT LARVAE FROM BURMESE AMBER SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF A TERMINAL FILUM IN THE DIRECT STEM LINEAGE OF DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES (ODONATA) MARIO SCHÄDEL1*, PATRICK MÜLLER2 & JOACHIM T. HAUG1,3 1*Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Friedhofstr. 9, 66894 Käshofen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3GeoBio-Center of the LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Schädel M., Müller P. & Haug J.T. (2020) - Two remarkable fossil insect larvae from Burmese amber suggest the presence of a terminal filum in the direct stem lineage of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). Riv. It. Paleontol. Strat., 126(1): 13-35. Keywords: character evolution; Cretaceous; moult; Myanmar; Odonatoptera; ontogeny. Abstract. The fossil record of dragonfly relatives (Odonatoptera) dates back to the Carboniferous, yet knowl- edge about these extinct animals is meagre. For most of the species little is known except for the characteristics of the wing venation. As a result, it is difficult to include fossil larvae in a (wing character based) phylogenetic tree as the wing venation is not visible in most of the larval instars. Two larval specimens from Cretaceous Burmese amber are in the focus of this study. The two specimens likely represent two subsequent early stage larval instars of the same individual. Not only is this an exceptional case to study ontogenetic processes in fossils – the larval instars are morphologically completely different from all known larvae of Odonata with respect to the posterior abdominal region. -
Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Australian the to Guide Identification
Identification Guide to theAustralian Odonata www.environment.nsw.gov.au Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data Theischinger, G. (Gunther), 1940– Identification Guide to the Australian Odonata 1. Odonata – Australia. 2. Odonata – Australia – Identification. I. Endersby I. (Ian), 1941- . II. Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW © 2009 Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW Front cover: Petalura gigantea, male (photo R. Tuft) Prepared by: Gunther Theischinger, Waters and Catchments Science, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW and Ian Endersby, 56 Looker Road, Montmorency, Victoria 3094 Published by: Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW 59–61 Goulburn Street Sydney PO Box A290 Sydney South 1232 Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Phone: 131555 (information & publication requests) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au The Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW is pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. ISBN 978 1 74232 475 3 DECCW 2009/730 December 2009 Printed using environmentally sustainable paper. Contents About this guide iv 1 Introduction 1 2 Systematics